Exploratory Evaluation of the Effect of Cholestyramine on Serum Levels of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Obese Female Patients - OBESE (OBesity, CholEStyramine, WomEn)

Environmental endocrine disruptors (EDCs) represent a major problem for human health.Some PEEs can accumulate in the fatty tissue of the human body thanks to their lipophilic nature, and are known as persistent organic pollutants (POPs).
To assess the benefit of cholestyramine treatment on POPs blood levels in obese patients of childbearing age undergoing bariatric surgery, in order to reduce their preoperative POPs load more rapidly. Indeed, the investigators hypothesize that cholestyramine is capable, outside of acute exposure accidents, of promoting the elimination and release of POPs in the human population. Given this hypothesis, a treatment administered prior to bariatric surgery could reduce pre-operative plasma levels of POPs and thus, in fine, minimize the concentrations reached post-operatively, which are dependent on the release induced by lipolysis (massive and rapid weight loss) and pre-operative plasma concentrations.

开始日期2025-03-19

申办/合作机构

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice

NCT06454383

/ Recruiting临床1期IIT

A Phase 1b Study of Gemcitabine and Leflunomide in Patients With Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer

This phase Ib trial tests the safety, side effects, and best dose of leflunomide in combination with gemcitabine in treating patients with pancreatic cancer that may have spread from where it first started to nearby tissue, lymph nodes, or distant parts of the body (advanced) and cannot be removed by surgery (unresectable). Improving the effectiveness of gemcitabine without increasing side effects could lead to a greater impact for pancreatic cancer patients' survival and quality of life. Gemcitabine is commonly used as a first-line chemotherapy treatment for pancreatic cancer. Leflunomide is a drug approved for use against rheumatoid arthritis that is being looked at as a cancer treatment option. It has shown promising results when combined with gemcitabine. Giving gemcitabine in combination with leflunomide may be safe and effective in treating patients with advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer.

开始日期2024-05-13

申办/合作机构

City of Hope National Medical Center

[+1]

CTIS2023-505116-37-00

/ Recruiting临床2期IIT

Exploratory evaluation of the effect of cholestyramine on serum levels of persistent organic pollutants in obese patients

开始日期2024-02-08

申办/合作机构

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice

100 项与考来烯胺相关的临床结果

登录后查看更多信息

100 项与考来烯胺相关的转化医学

登录后查看更多信息

100 项与考来烯胺相关的专利（医药）

登录后查看更多信息

5,039

项与考来烯胺相关的文献（医药）

2026-03-05·Nature

Predatory aggression evolved through adaptations to noradrenergic circuits

Article

作者: Han, Ziduan ; Scholz, Monika ; Goetting, Desiree L ; Alvarez, Luis ; Okumura, Misako ; Eren, Güniz Göze ; Hiramatsu, Fumie ; Böger, Leonard ; Roca, Marianne ; Zorn, Nurit ; Lightfoot, James W ; Cockram, Lewis A ; Liu, Jun

Abstract:

Behaviours are adaptive traits evolving through natural selection. Crucially, the genetic, molecular and neural modifications that shape behavioural innovations are poorly understood 1 . Here, we identify specialized adaptations linked to the evolution of invertebrate aggression 2 . Using the predatory nematode Pristionchus pacificus , we developed a machine learning model from behavioural tracking data and identified robust behavioural states associated with aggressive episodes. Strikingly, predatory aggression coincides with a rewiring of key circuits across nematode evolution. We find modifications to the noradrenergic pathway, with octopamine promoting aggressive predatory bouts whereas tyramine antagonistically induces passive states. Modulation occurs through the octopamine receptors Ppa-ser-3 and Ppa-ser-6 , and tyramine receptor Ppa-lgc-55 . These localize to sensory neurons whose inhibition diminishes aggressive events. Crucially, this octopaminergic innovation emerged within this predatory lineage, consistent with an ancient divergence in function. Thus, evolutionary adaptations in noradrenergic circuits facilitated the emergence of aggressive behavioural states associated with complex predatory traits.

2026-03-01·CNS DRUGS

Safety and Efficacy of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors in Patients Who Use Psychoactive Substances: Potential Drug Interactions and Substance Use Disorder Treatment Data

Review

作者: Gillman, Peter Kenneth ; Barnett, Brian S ; Rached, Gaëlle ; Nguyen, Christine ; Van den Eynde, Vincent ; Campana, Anna ; Fiani, Dimitri

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) remain an important option for patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and other psychiatric conditions, despite potentially serious drug-drug interactions and associated dietary tyramine restrictions. However, they are rarely prescribed in patients with comorbid substance use disorders (SUDs) due to concerns about potential drug interactions and limited research in these populations. This narrative review investigates the use of MAOIs in patients who use psychoactive substances, exploring potential interactions while summarizing the relatively scant literature on using MAOIs as treatments for SUDs. It synthesizes data from 219 peer-reviewed publications investigating MAOI/psychoactive substance interactions or the use of MAOIs to treat SUDs or psychiatric conditions in patients with comorbid SUDs, including 20 randomized controlled trials, 18 non-randomized interventional trials, 32 observational studies/case series, 56 case reports, 85 preclinical studies, and 8 reviews, with publication years spanning from 1955 to 2025. Data from 28 non-peer-reviewed user-submitted reports from drug use/harm reduction forums are also included. Suspected cases of serotonin toxicity have been reported for MAOIs in combination with amphetamine, dextromethorphan, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), meperidine (pethidine), methadone, and tramadol. Hypertensive urgency/emergency has been reported for MAOIs in combination with alcohol (varieties containing significant amounts of tyramine), amphetamine, cocaine, dextroamphetamine, khat, methamphetamine, and psilocybin mushrooms. Other notable adverse events associated with MAOIs in combination with psychoactive substances include agitation (4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine [2C-B] 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine [5-Meo-DMT]), N,N-dimethyltryptamine [DMT]), delirium/confusion (DMT, propoxyphene, and tramadol), edema (chlordiazepoxide), intracranial hemorrhage (amphetamine, khat, and methamphetamine), mania/psychosis (DMT), rhabdomyolysis (5-MeO-DMT, DMT, and propoxyphene), and sedation/stupor/loss of consciousness (amobarbital, amphetamine, cocaine, dextroamphetamine, and propoxyphene). Fatalities have been reported for MAOIs in combination with 5-MeO-DMT, amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, dextromethorphan (in overdose), MDMA, methamphetamine, meperidine, and tramadol (in overdose). Based on our findings, some substances, such as alcoholic beverages containing significant tyramine quantities (uncommon today), amphetamines, opioids with significant serotonergic reuptake inhibition, and some hallucinogens such as the empathogen/entactogen MDMA, can pose potentially fatal risks in combination with MAOIs. However, MAOI treatment of patients who use alcoholic beverages low in tyramine, caffeine, cannabis, nicotine, sedatives, some (primarily classic) hallucinogens, and some other substances can likely be appropriately managed with careful monitoring, although psychoactive substance dose and route of administration are important safety considerations. While there was initially hope MAOIs might effectively treat some SUDs, there are no robust human data to support their efficacy in this context. Given growing levels of substance use and an increasing number of novel illicit compounds being produced, more research on MAOI safety in patients with psychiatric conditions and comorbid psychoactive substance use/misuse is essential to determining their appropriateness in this complex patient population.

2026-03-01·INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES

Structural characterization and functional evaluation of a heteropolysaccharide from large-fruited hawthorn (Malus doumeri (bois) Chev.)

Article

作者: Ran, Luxia ; Chen, Gan-Lin ; Wei, Xiangying ; Chen, Jing ; Dai, Xiaohua ; Zheng, Fengjin ; Verma, Krishan K

This study explored the structural and functional properties of Malus doumeri polysaccharide (MDPS), an acidic heteropolysaccharide extracted from the large-fruited hawthorn (Malus doumeri (Bois) Chev.) by water extraction and alcohol precipitation methods. The weight-average molecular weight of MDPS was 110.114 kDa. It contained high levels of GalA, GlcA, Man, Xyl, Ara, and Gal, with molar ratios of 23.46:23.19:14.02:9.66:9.67:8.43. The results indicated that the polysaccharide might contain several typical pectic structural domains, including homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan I. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscope observations revealed that the MDPS exhibited irregular flakes, with molecular morphology aggregated particles and relatively rough surface. MDPS exhibited excellent bile acid-binding capacity, with its binding effects on the taurocholic acid being close to that of the positive control cholestyramine. Additionally, MDPS demonstrated strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. At the same concentration, the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of MDPS was 1.6 times of commercial hawthorn polysaccharides (CHPS) and 3.7 times of commercial pectin (CP), respectively. Overall, MDPS possesses a unique chemical structure and exhibits excellent biological activities, including high bile acid binding capacity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, suggesting its potential for downregulating blood lipids and blood glucose. This study provides a theoretical and practical foundation for the utilization of Malus doumeri fruit resources and the development of high-value-added functional food ingredients.

项与考来烯胺相关的新闻（医药）

2026-03-26

·百度百家

胆汁淤积性肝病全景：机制、诊断与治疗新进展

胆汁淤积性肝病（CSLD）并非单一疾病，而是一组因胆汁形成、分泌或排泄障碍导致胆汁淤积并反流入血的肝胆系统病理状态。早期常仅表现为血清ALP、GGT升高却毫无自觉症状，一旦进展，高胆红素血症、皮肤瘙痒、大便色浅、尿色加深等典型黄疸表现接踵而至，最终可演变为胆汁性肝硬化甚至肝衰竭。根据病变部位不同，CSLD大致分为肝内胆汁淤积（小叶间胆管及以上）、肝外胆汁淤积（间隔胆管及以下）及两者兼有的复杂型。其中，肝外机械性梗阻多属外科急症，本文重点讨论内科常见的肝内CSLD及其机制与对策。单次肝活检只能捕捉疾病某一瞬间的“快照”，不同病因让同一张切片呈现截然不同的画面：药物、酒精、病毒、妊娠胆汁淤积症常引发急性单纯性或混合性胆汁淤积；而PBC、PSC、IgG4相关胆管炎、NASH等则多为慢性进程。近年观察发现，自身免疫性肝病的胆管损伤常自“下游”开始，随时间向上游蔓延，学者将其称为CSLD的“上升”模式。早期病灶位于汇管区或小叶间胆管，免疫介导的坏死性炎症是主因；一旦胆汁淤积加剧，疏水性胆汁酸反成为“毒力放大器”，进一步损伤上游胆管和肝实质。该理论提示：不同分期致病机制可切换，治疗药物需“分期而异”，也为新药研发指明方向。慢性胆汁淤积加速肝纤维化甚至肝硬化，过程比非淤胆型更快，且常伴随胆管异常增殖与胆管周围纤维化。核心机制可归纳为三点： 3.1 ► 疏水性胆汁酸：贯穿全程的“第一把火” 蓄积的DCA、LCA等疏水酸通过膜脂质过氧化、激活TNF-α/NF-κB等通路，直接造成胆管上皮与肝细胞损伤，并诱发持续炎症。 3.2 ► 胆管反应：从汇管区到门静脉的“异常增殖波” 胆汁淤积可诱导4种类型胆管反应，其中Ⅱ型最常见—— 汇管区出现不典型、无排泄功能的胆管灶，这些细胞兼具神经内分泌表型，可分泌多种促炎因子，反过来刺激肌成纤维细胞（MFB）活化。 3.3 ► MFB活化：胶原分泌的“发动机” MFB前体包括肝星状细胞等，在TGF-β、PDGF、EGFR等细胞因子网络调控下，大量分泌胶原纤维，把胆管周围及汇管区“捆”成瘢痕条索，进一步加重胆汁淤积。更棘手的是，纤维化本身又会反噬胆汁流动：胆管周纤维化阻碍胆汁分泌，肝窦周纤维化导致微循环障碍，缺氧加剧细胞损伤——形成“越堵越厉害”的恶性循环。胆汁酸95%经小肠重吸收后回流入肝，完成肠肝循环。在这一环路中，肠道菌群把初级胆汁酸代谢为次级胆汁酸，亲水性增强，可通过FXR-FGF15/19轴反向调节胆汁酸合成。当肝病来袭，肠菌易位、肠壁通透性升高，次级胆汁酸比例上升、FXR信号失衡，进一步放大肝损伤；同时，肝窦周围微循环障碍又让肠道缺氧，利于难治菌定植，形成“菌—酸—损伤”的正反馈。因此，调节肠道菌群或成为CSLD治疗的“低投入高回报”选项：粪菌移植、益生菌或适当抗生素，都值得在严格设计的临床试验中进一步验证。 DRIC包括DILI合并胆汁淤积及混合型DILI。引起胆汁淤积的常见“元凶”有对乙酰氨基酚、胺碘酮、氟尿嘧啶等。 5.1 ► 发病机制“拼图” 宿主因素：药物代谢酶与免疫相关基因多态性药物理化性质：亲脂性、溶解度、蛋白结合率环境叠加：年龄、性别、基础肝病、合用药物 5.2 ► 诊断与停药标准目前多沿用RUCAM量表评估因果关系；血清ALP或GGT＞5×ULN或＞3×ULN持续≥2周时，应果断停用可疑药物；若伴随明显瘙痒、嗜酸粒细胞增多或药疹倾向，停药指针更低。DRIC的优化诊断与停药标准仍需多中心协作完善。急性/亚急性、慢加急性及慢性肝衰竭均可因肝细胞大量坏死、胆红素代谢能力骤降而并发胆汁淤积；同时低白蛋白血症、微循环障碍、肠道菌群失调等因素会放大胆汁淤积毒性。处置对策需兼顾：病因干预：抗病毒、抗感染、营养支持减轻炎症水肿：人工肝、血浆置换、利尿降低疏水酸负荷：熊去氧胆酸联合S-腺苷蛋氨酸必要时移植：桥接等待或直接移植一句话总结—— 肝衰竭不是单纯“保肝”，更是与时间赛跑的“多器官支持”。目前一线药物如UDCA、腺苷蛋氨酸、考来烯胺、糖皮质激素等虽能改善部分患者生化指标，但对PSC、UDCA难治型PBC等仍显乏力。近年研发热点集中在： 7.1 ► FXR激动剂——奥贝胆酸（OCA）通过抑制CYP7A1、增加BSEP/MRP3转运而双向调节胆汁酸池；临床证实可快速降ALP、GGT，但瘙痒副作用与超剂量死亡信号提醒必须严格剂量监控。 7.2 ► PPAR激动剂——苯扎贝特、Seladelpar 联合UDCA可提升PBC生化应答率；Seladelpar对UDCA难治者亦有一定疗效，但需警惕氨基转移酶升高。 7.3 ► PXR激动剂——利福平类通过上调CYP3A4解毒功能兼有止痒潜力；由于潜在肝毒性，多作为“最后选项”。 7.4 ► 其他实验性分子维生素D受体配体、FGF19衍生物NGM282、24-去甲去氧胆酸衍生物以及利妥昔单抗等免疫抑制剂均处在早期阶段，疗效与安全性仍需大规模验证。从“上升”模式到肠肝循环微生态链，从DRIC停药标准到肝衰竭伴发胆汁淤积处理，本专题把CSLD的复杂链条逐一拆解。然而，如何把基础研究快速转化为临床路径？如何让个体化治疗不再只是“经验主义”？这些问题仍待未来多学科协作、大样本真实世界数据与临床试验共同回答。只有把机制搞清、靶点找准、方案做细，才能真正让CSLD患者远离“沉默杀手”，走向长期管理的新常态。

2026-03-19

·allsci.com

GSK’s Lynavoy becomes first US drug approved for itching in primary biliary cholangitis

The US FDA has approved Lynavoy (linerixibat) for the treatment of cholestatic pruritus in adult patients with primary biliary cholangitis, GSK announced. Lynavoy is an ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT) inhibitor and the first medicine approved in the US for this indication. The approval also represents the first liver disease therapy to emerge from GSK’s pipeline. Notably, the approval follows shortly after GSK agreed to license out global development, manufacturing, and commercial rights to Lynavoy to Italian firm Alfasigma S.p.A., a transaction that remains subject to regulatory clearances. Lynavoy has been granted Orphan Drug Designation in the US, EU, and Japan, and priority review in China. Marketing applications are ongoing in the EU, UK, Canada, and China. The approved indication covers adult patients with PBC who experience cholestatic pruritus, an internal itch driven by excess circulating bile acids that cannot be relieved by scratching. Up to 89% of people living with PBC experience this symptom, which can cause sleep disturbance, fatigue, and reduced quality of life. In some cases, the severity of pruritus has led to liver transplantation even in the absence of liver failure. The approval was based on the GLISTEN Phase III trial, a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study enrolling 238 patients. The trial met both its primary and key secondary endpoints. The primary endpoint, change from baseline in monthly worst-itch numerical rating scale score over 24 weeks, showed linerixibat (n=119) produced a least squares mean difference of -0.72 (95% CI: -1.15, -0.28; p=0.001) versus placebo (n=119). Itch improvement was observed as early as week two (p≤0.001), and itch-related sleep interference also improved over 24 weeks (p=0.024). The most frequently reported adverse events were diarrhoea (61%) and abdominal pain (18%), both mostly mild to moderate. Treatment discontinuation due to diarrhoea occurred in 4% of linerixibat-treated patients versus less than 1% on placebo, and discontinuation due to abdominal pain occurred in 4% versus none on placebo. The safety profile was consistent with the known mechanism of IBAT inhibition. Prior to this approval, management of cholestatic pruritus in PBC relied on off-label use of cholestyramine, rifampicin, naltrexone, and sertraline in a stepwise approach, with variable efficacy and tolerability. Linerixibat works by inhibiting bile acid reuptake in the ileum, reducing multiple circulating mediators of pruritus. The approval validates IBAT inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in this setting and adds to a growing field of agents targeting bile acid transport. Volixibat, developed by Mirum Pharmaceuticals, received FDA Breakthrough Therapy Designation in late 2024 for the same indication and is in Phase III development. Odevixibat (Bylvay), marketed by Ipsen, is approved for cholestatic pruritus in pediatric cholestatic diseases but not in PBC. Beyond bile acid modulators, mechanistically distinct candidates including nalbuphine ER (Trevi Therapeutics), targeting opioid receptor pathways, and EP547 (Escient Pharmaceuticals), an MRGPRX4 antagonist, are also in clinical development for PBC-associated pruritus. The breadth of this pipeline reflects the recognition that cholestatic pruritus remains inadequately controlled for many patients despite the availability of a first approved option. Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked * Comment * Name * Email * Website

临床结果上市批准临床3期突破性疗法孤儿药

2026-03-17

·萌面人资料铺

药物化学（青岛大学）知到智慧树答案章节测试

↑↑↑点击上方蓝字关注我们第一章单元测试 1、基本药物来源占比最高的是 A:抗生素 B:植物药 C:合成药物 D:半合成药物答案: 合成药物 2、药物作用靶点与蛋白无关的是 A:核酸 B:酶 C:离子通道 D:受体答案: 核酸 3、药物的生物活性包括 A:分子式 B:化学结构 C:治疗作用及毒副作用 D:分子量答案: 治疗作用及毒副作用 4、下列哪个药物的合成标志着药物化学的形成 A:阿司匹林 B:吗啡 C:贝诺酯 D:对乙酰氨基酚答案: 阿司匹林 5、与受体有关的药物分为 A:拮抗剂 B:氧化剂 C:还原剂 D:激动剂答案: 拮抗剂;激动剂 6、药物化学的任务包括 A:研究药物的作用机理 B:提供使用药物的化学基础 C:研究药物的生产工艺 D:创制新药答案: 提供使用药物的化学基础;研究药物的生产工艺;创制新药 7、现代新药研究与开发模式应用于新药研究，传统新药研究与开发模式已经被弃用 A:对 B:错答案: 错 8、中国药品通用名称是药品的常用名，是最准确的命名 A:错 B:对答案: 错 9、现代新药研发要经过靶点的识别和确证，先导化合物的筛选、优化和确定，临床前研究和临床研究几个阶段 A:错 B:对答案: 对 10、 CADN的中文意思是中国药品通用名称。 A:对 B:错答案: 对第二章单元测试 1、下列药物哪个是褪黑素受体激动剂 A:扎来普隆 B:他美替胺 C:扑米酮 D:氯巴占答案: 他美替胺 2、下列药物哪个不是GABA受体激动剂 A:氨己烯酸 B:非尔氨脂 C:加巴喷丁 D:普罗加比答案: 非尔氨脂 3、下列药物哪个不是乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂 A:加兰他敏 B:奥卡西平 C:卡巴斯汀 D:他克林答案: 奥卡西平 4、芬太尼属于的化学结构类型是 A:氨基酮类 B:吗啡喃类 C:哌啶类 D:苯吗喃类答案: 哌啶类 5、甲氧氯普胺是中枢及外周性多巴胺D2受体拮抗剂，具有 A:止吐作用 B:催吐作用 C:促动力作用 D:抗精神病作答案: 止吐作用;促动力作用;抗精神病作 6、作用于阿片k受体的镇痛药是 A:阿尼利定 B:非那佐辛 C:喷他佐辛 D:氟痛新答案: 非那佐辛;喷他佐辛;氟痛新 7、吗啡在体内代谢时，去甲基的一步发生在7位N 上。 A:错 B:对答案: 错 8、美沙酮是具有开链结构的镇痛药。 A:对 B:错答案: 对 9、巴比妥嘧啶环2位羰基上的氧原子用硫原子取代、作用时间更短。 A:错 B:对答案: 对 10、在苯并二氮卓类的1，2位并上六元含氮杂环得到唑仑类镇静催眠药 A:错 B:对答案: 错第三章单元测试 1、下列哪个胆碱酯类M受体激动剂不能在临床应用 A:氯醋甲胆碱 B:卡巴胆碱 C:氯贝胆碱 D:乙酰胆碱答案: 乙酰胆碱 2、下列哪个药物不属于四氢异喹啉类N受体拮抗剂 A:苯磺阿曲库铵 B:米库氯铵 C:多库氯铵 D:泮库溴铵答案: 泮库溴铵 3、下列哪个药物不属于酰胺类局麻药 A:罗哌卡因 B:奎尼卡因 C:布比卡因 D:甲哌卡因答案: 奎尼卡因 4、氯雷他定的代谢产物是 A:奥洛他定 B:可乐定 C:氯雷他定 D:地雷他定答案: 地雷他定 5、下列药物中哪些是α2 受体激动剂 A:甲氧明 B:胍法辛 C:甲基多巴 D:可乐定答案: 胍法辛;甲基多巴 6、合成抗胆碱药的发展方向是结构改造寻找新型抗胆碱药，药物具有 A:不易透过血脑屏障 B:选择性高 C:作用强 D:中枢副作用小答案: 不易透过血脑屏障;选择性高;作用强;中枢副作用小 7、普鲁卡因的药效持续时间长、代谢的半衰期长. A:对 B:错答案: 错 8、阿伐斯汀用于过敏性鼻炎、荨麻疹等。其分子中的丙烯酸基使其亲水性强，难进入中枢神经系统，无镇静作用。 A:对 B:错答案: 对 9、阿托品具有外周及中枢 M胆碱受体拮抗作用，中枢兴奋性被视为副作用。 A:错 B:对答案: 对 10、麻黄碱分子有两个手性中心、四个异构体中（1S，2R）构型为活性最强，是临床主要药用异构体。 A:对 B:错答案: 错第四章单元测试 1、血管紧张素Ⅱ是多肽，其组成是 A:6 个氨基酸 B:8 个氨基酸 C:10 个氨基酸 D:18 个氨基酸答案: 8 个氨基酸 2、下列药物中哪个是非选泽性钙通道阻滞剂 A:加洛帕米 B:氨氯地平片 C:氟桂利嗪 D:地尔硫卓答案: 氟桂利嗪 3、烟酸的副作用主要由以下哪种基团引起 A:氨基 B:羟基 C:羧基 D:苯基答案: 羧基 4、下列药物中哪个不是贝特类调血脂药 A:吉非贝齐 B:氯贝酸铝 C:普拉贝脲 D:考来烯胺答案: 考来烯胺 5、美托洛尔体内的代谢途径为 A:羟化 B:去氨基氧化 C:脱甲基 D:氧化答案: 去氨基氧化;脱甲基;氧化 6、下列药物中哪些是合成他汀类药物 A:洛伐他汀 B:阿托伐他汀 C:瑞舒伐他汀 D:氟伐他汀答案: 阿托伐他汀;瑞舒伐他汀;氟伐他汀 7、临床上所有的强心苷类药物最大的问题是安全范围小，有效剂量接近中毒剂量。 A:对 B:错答案: 对 8、拉贝洛尔是选择性β1受阻滞剂。 A:对 B:错答案: 错 9、钙通道根据电导值, 动力学特性不同分为L、N、P、Q、R、T亚型，其中T亚型最重要。 A:对 B:错答案: 错 10、相对于单硝酸异山梨酯，硝酸异山梨酯的水溶性增大，副作用降低。 A:对 B:错答案: 错点击下方阅读原文查看最新答案目录 ↓↓↓

100 项与考来烯胺相关的药物交易

登录后查看更多信息

外链

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
-	考来烯胺	C10AC01	DB01432

研发状态

批准上市

10 条最早获批的记录,

后查看更多信息

适应症	国家/地区	公司	日期
高胆固醇血症	日本	Sanofi KK	1984-07-24
高脂血症	美国	Bristol Myers Squibb Co.	1973-08-03

未上市

10 条进展最快的记录,

后查看更多信息

适应症	最高研发状态	国家/地区	公司	日期
短肠综合征	临床2期	波兰	Pharmascience, Inc.	2019-10-15
胆汁酸吸收不良（BAM）	临床2期	瑞典	Albireo AB	2014-03-01
胆汁酸吸收不良（BAM）	临床2期	英国	Albireo AB	2014-03-01

登录后查看更多信息

临床结果

适应症

分期

评价

查看全部结果

研究	分期	人群特征	评价人数	分组	结果	评价	发布日期


NCT05577507 (Pubmed \| Korean J Physiol Pharmacol)	临床4期	高磷血症	76	Cholestyramine	膚願壓齋壓鏇襯鹽網繭(襯蓋窪網鑰齋醖艱選鹹) = decreased significantly versus baseline values in the cholestyramine group 鹽糧鹽簾積餘顧製鏇壓 (選襯遞鏇鹽獵憲積繭糧 ) 更多	积极	2025-02-06
				Placebo
NCT04046328 (CTgov)	临床2期	短肠综合征	13	Placebo+Cholestyramine ("Low" Dose ECC Regimen)	願糧艱憲鑰艱壓艱繭淵(窪艱餘憲繭鏇鑰憲鹽壓) = 齋憲鏇鹽簾鹹鑰艱壓觸顧鹽願蓋鏇鏇淵網齋襯 (淵簾繭願選積鏇艱醖觸, 11.38) 更多	-	2022-07-19
				Cholestyramine ("High" Dose ECC Regimen)	願糧艱憲鑰艱壓艱繭淵(窪艱餘憲繭鏇鑰憲鹽壓) = 願製壓壓製構積簾鑰願顧鹽願蓋鏇鏇淵網齋襯 (淵簾繭願選積鏇艱醖觸, 9.73) 更多
PROSPERO CRD42012002552 (EASD2013)	N/A	2型糖尿病	-	Bile acid sequestrants (BASs)	廠憲鹹簾齋膚襯艱顧製(醖膚觸鹹網餘襯蓋膚築) = 廠糧壓願構膚憲顧築範願糧簾觸遞製鏇蓋選選 (觸構網築夢構顧夢觸選, -0.70 ~ -0.48) 更多	积极	2013-09-26
NCT01062269 (CTgov)	临床4期	-	42	Cholestyramine (Cholestyramine 4 Grams)	衊膚鬱窪襯鑰餘夢網鑰(衊鏇膚壓醖艱齋襯鏇廠) = 鑰範鏇衊鑰鬱構糧壓壓鹽遞獵夢鏇顧醖範齋夢 (顧顧顧窪鑰顧壓廠選廠, 0.1) 更多	-	2010-08-10
				Cholestyramine (Cholestyramine 12 Grams)	衊膚鬱窪襯鑰餘夢網鑰(衊鏇膚壓醖艱齋襯鏇廠) = 選網遞蓋繭齋獵獵鹽構鹽遞獵夢鏇顧醖範齋夢 (顧顧顧窪鑰顧壓廠選廠, 0.1) 更多