Oxyphenbutazone

Urban river-lake interfaces are crucial areas for substance migration and transformation, and prone to algal blooms. However, the phosphorus (P) cycle in urban river-lake interfaces has not been comprehensively investigated, especially for the mineralization and solubilization processes of phosphorus driven by phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (PSB). In this study, we investigated the distribution characteristics of PSB, including inorganic P solubilization bacteria (IPB) and organic P mineralization bacteria (OPB), along the river-estuary-lake continuums of typical urban river-lake interfaces in Taihu Lake, China. Results showed that the concentrations of relatively recalcitrant P fractions (Ca-IP and OP) in sediments did not increase, but Fe/Al-IP increased significantly along the river-estuary-lake continuums. Though the community diversity and structure of both OPB and IPB showed insignificant differences along the continuums, their assembly mechanisms and ecological roles varied obviously among three regions. PSB communities presented the highest deterministic assembly process in estuaries (41-47%), with the homogenous selection 2-7% higher than that of total bacteria. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that PSB played a significantly increasing role in keeping module connectivity along the continuums, and accounted for the community stability in estuaries via the highest negative co-occurrence pattern (53%). Besides, the proportion of single OPB in PSB was much higher in estuaries and the lake than that in rivers. The average abundance of OP mineralization genes increased along the typical continuum, but IP solubilization genes was highest in estuaries, followed by rivers. The results suggested varied PSB-mediated P transformation processes along the continuums, with rivers dominated by IP solubilization, estuaries enhanced by both IP solubilization and OP mineralization, and the lake enhanced by OP mineralization. Mantel test, PLS-SEM and machine-learning models elucidated that velocity, wNH₄⁺and sTOC were probably the primary factors affecting PSB community and P fractions in urban river-lake interfaces. These findings provided a new insight for understanding P cycle in urban river-lake interfaces.

This experiment investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with GutPlus® Virsorb probiotic on piglets infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Seventy-two Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire weaned piglets (21 days of age, 5.51 ± 0.44 kg) were randomly divided into: the CON1 group (negative control, basal diet), the CON2 group (positive control, basal diet), and the GutPlus® Virsorb group (basal diet + 500 g/t GutPlus® Virsorb). At 28 days of age, piglets in the CON2 and GutPlus® Virsorb groups received 40 mL PEDV (8.58 × 10⁸ copies/mL) orally, while the CON1 group received an equivalent volume of sterile saline. The experiment lasted until 60 days of age. Dietary supplementation with GutPlus® Virsorb ameliorated the decrease in the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and the average daily gain (ADG) caused by PEDV infection. Compared with the CON2 group, GutPlus® Virsorb increased jejunal mucosa GPX and decreased jejunal mucosa MDA. Additionally, GutPlus® Virsorb decreased the mRNA expressions of IFN-β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the jejunal mucosa. Compared to the CON2 group, GutPlus® Virsorb increased relative abundances of Lactobacillus, Prevotella, Akkermansia, and Butyricicoccus_A, while the relative abundance of Clostridium_P and Clostridium_T was reduced. In addition, GutPlus® Virsorb significantly increased the relative quantitative values of cis-cyclo (leucyl-tyrosyl), oxyphenbutazone, callicarpic acid B, and tilisolol. In conclusion, GutPlus® Virsorb improved the growth performance of PEDV-infected piglets, alleviated inflammation and intestinal damage by improving immunity, reduced PEDV copy number, increased antioxidant capacity, and improved gut microbiota structure and metabolite properties, showing a good protective effect against PEDV infection.