Article
作者: Pereira, Ana Margarida ; Sousa-Pinto, Bernardo ; Thomander, Tuuli ; Silva Ribeiro, Rita A ; Valiulis, Arunas ; Pereira, Marta Soares ; Marques-Cruz, Manuel ; Klimek, Ludger ; Yepes Nuñez, Juan Jose ; Viegas, Hugo ; Perestrelo, Paula ; Ferreira, André ; Castro-Teles, João ; Ferreira-da-Silva, Renato ; Teixeira-Ferreira, Ana ; Schünemann, Holger J ; Borowiack, Ewa ; Fonseca, João A ; Bedbrook, Anna ; Chu, Alexandro W L ; Boechat, José Laerte ; Costa, Raquel Albuquerque ; Lourenço-Silva, Nuno ; Ierodiakonou, Despo ; Bousquet, Jean ; Sadowska, Ewelina ; Bognanni, Antonio ; Zuberbier, Torsten ; Riera-Serra, Pau ; Duarte, Vítor Henrique ; Vieira, Rafael José ; Gil-Mata, Sara ; Torres, Maria Inês ; Campos-Lopes, Miguel ; Pereira-Macedo, Juliana ; Cherrez-Ojeda, Ivan ; Ferreira-Cardoso, Henrique ; Calvi, Izabela Pera
BACKGROUND:Oral H1-antihistamines (OAH) are among the most frequently used medications for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR).
OBJECTIVE:To perform a systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing the efficacy and safety of individual OAH in patients with AR.
METHODS:We searched four electronic bibliographic databases and three clinical trial databases for randomized controlled trials assessing adults with perennial or seasonal AR, and comparing (i) OAH versus placebo or (ii) different individual OAH. We performed a network meta-analysis on the Total Nasal Symptom Score, Total Ocular Symptom Score, Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality-of-Life Questionnaire, development of adverse events, and withdrawals due to adverse events. Certainty of evidence for comparisons involving the most clinically relevant second-generation OAH was assessed using GRADE-NMA.
RESULTS:We included 74 randomized controlled trials (21 on perennial AR and 53 on seasonal AR). Cetirizine, ebastine, bilastine and rupatadine were among the individual medications associated with the highest efficacy for improving nasal symptoms. For other efficacy outcomes, the most efficacious interventions varied. A similar frequency of adverse events was observed among different individual second-generation OAH, with serious adverse events being rare. For most comparisons, the certainty of evidence was rated as "low" or "very low", indicating substantial uncertainty regarding the treatment effects.
CONCLUSION:Although some OAH seem to be more efficacious than others, most differences between individual second-generation medications are trivial or small. In addition, we did not find relevant differences in the safety profiles of second-generation OAH.