Zidebactam

摘要 具有青霉素结合蛋白3（penicillin-binding protein 3，PBP3）插入的大肠埃希菌（Escherichia coli）于21世纪初出现，并在2010年代扩增。YRIN和YRIK变体在全球占主导地位，而其他插入类型仍较罕见。这些插入常与碳青霉烯酶（carbapenemase；NDM-5和OXA-181）及高风险克隆（ST410、ST167和ST405）同时存在，从而推动多重耐药性（multidrug resistance，MDR）的演化和传播。对PBP3具有亲和力的新型β-内酰胺/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂（β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor）组合——头孢他啶/阿维巴坦（ceftazidime/avibactam）、氨曲南/阿维巴坦（aztreonam/avibactam）和头孢吡肟/塔尼硼巴坦（cefepime/taniborbactam）——以及头孢德罗（cefiderocol），对具有YRIN和YRIK插入的大肠埃希菌活性降低。此类菌株的持续传播威胁这些β-内酰胺类药物的有效性。相比之下，以PBP2为靶点的药物，如头孢吡肟/齐德巴坦（cefepime/zidebactam）和头孢德罗/泽鲁硼巴坦（cefiderocol/xeruborbactam），仍保留强效体外活性，未来可能在治疗策略中发挥重要作用。 目前缺乏检测PBP3插入的实验室方法，因此此类菌株可能在很大程度上未被发现而传播。现有监测工作并不充分，关于具有PBP3插入的大肠埃希菌全球分布与流行率的数据仍存在显著空白。β-内酰胺酶产生与PBP靶位修饰的汇聚，代表大肠埃希菌向多重耐药转变的一种范式变化，并对当前及未来β-内酰胺/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的研发构成重大障碍。迫切需要加强全球监测，并开发可在产碳青霉烯酶大肠埃希菌中识别PBP3插入及相关高风险克隆的快速诊断工具。未来策略应优先考虑对多种必需PBP具有活性的药物，以维持β-内酰胺类药物的疗效。 关键词：新型β-内酰胺/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂；PBP3介导的耐药；大肠埃希菌 图像摘要 引言 抗微生物药物耐药性（antimicrobial resistance，AMR）是人类健康面临的最大威胁之一。2019年，全球估计有495万例死亡与细菌AMR相关，其中127万例死亡可归因于细菌AMR。目前，用于治疗多重耐药革兰阴性菌感染的有效抗菌药物匮乏。 大肠埃希菌可分为三种主要致病型：（i）定植于胃肠道的共生菌；（ii）引起肠道疾病的肠道致病菌；以及（iii）引起胃肠道外感染的肠外致病性大肠埃希菌（extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli，ExPEC）。除非另有说明，本文中的“大肠埃希菌”均指ExPEC。 大肠埃希菌是全球社区相关尿路感染和血流感染最常见的病原体。多重耐药大肠埃希菌所致血流感染与较高死亡率、住院时间延长及医疗支出增加有关。2019年，多重耐药大肠埃希菌在全球造成略高于80万例死亡。 在21世纪初以前，引起人类感染的大肠埃希菌分离株主要对多种抗微生物药物敏感。在2000年代和2010年代，多重耐药大肠埃希菌在全球增加。这种全球性增长导致碳青霉烯类药物过度使用，并继而出现碳青霉烯耐药。 本综述面向“非专科人员”，概述大肠埃希菌的β-内酰胺耐药机制、多重耐药高风险克隆以及新型β-内酰胺/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂组合。本文还介绍大肠埃希菌PBP的亲和力与修饰，以及PBP3插入对新型β-内酰胺/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂组合的潜在影响。 大肠埃希菌的β-内酰胺耐药 β-内酰胺类药物常用于治疗大肠埃希菌所致感染。β-内酰胺类药物的疗效主要取决于三个因素：（i）经蛋白通道穿透革兰阴性菌外膜；（ii）与其靶点PBP结合并使其失活；以及（iii）避开可使其失活的酶，即β-内酰胺酶（β-lactamase）。β-内酰胺酶的产生和PBP修饰是大肠埃希菌β-内酰胺耐药的重要原因。 大肠埃希菌中的β-内酰胺酶 β-内酰胺酶是可水解β-内酰胺类药物、使其失效的酶，分为A、B、C和D四类。A、C和D类为丝氨酸β-内酰胺酶，其催化活性需要丝氨酸残基；B类酶则为金属-β-内酰胺酶（metallo-β-lactamase，MBL），其活性位点需要锌离子。水解碳青霉烯的β-内酰胺酶主要见于A类（如KPC酶）、B类（如NDM、VIM和IMP酶）及D类（如OXA型碳青霉烯酶）。 产生β-内酰胺酶是大肠埃希菌形成β-内酰胺耐药的主要机制，相关酶分为三组：（i）超广谱β-内酰胺酶（extended-spectrum β-lactamase，ESBL），其中最常见的是CTX-M型；（ii）AmpC β-内酰胺酶；以及（iii）碳青霉烯酶。在产碳青霉烯酶大肠埃希菌中，最常见的是OXA-48样、NDM和KPC酶，而IMP和VIM碳青霉烯酶相对少见。携带NDM或OXA-48样碳青霉烯酶的大肠埃希菌已在医疗机构之外被发现，提示其已在社区人群中定植。 多重耐药大肠埃希菌克隆 AMR决定因素在大肠埃希菌群体中的传播通过两种过程发生：（i）全球分布的多重耐药谱系（常称为高风险克隆）获得AMR基因；以及（ii）移动遗传元件（mobile genetic element，如质粒）的传播。 特定AMR决定因素常与某些大肠埃希菌克隆背景相关，包括：（i）ST131、ST405、ST38、ST648、ST410、ST167和ST1193与氟喹诺酮耐药相关；（ii）ST131、ST405、ST38和ST648与CTX-M β-内酰胺酶相关；以及（iii）ST131、ST410、ST405和ST167与碳青霉烯酶相关。 大肠埃希菌青霉素结合蛋白 细胞壁合成包括三个阶段，即胞质阶段（第1阶段）、膜阶段（第2阶段）和周质阶段（第3阶段）。第3阶段包括糖链聚合及肽聚糖层内肽侧链的交联。PBP是催化后期步骤的转肽酶或羧肽酶，所催化过程包括糖链聚合和肽侧链交联。β-内酰胺类药物与PBP结合并使其失活，通过削弱肽聚糖层而导致细菌死亡。 大肠埃希菌的PBP分为两大组：（i）高分子量或必需PBP；（ii）低分子量或非必需PBP。高分子量PBP包括两类：A类包括PBP1a和PBP1b，B类包括PBP2和PBP3。高分子量PBP是细菌存活、生长和分裂所必需的。低分子量PBP仅包括C类，其中包含PBP4至PBP8。低分子量PBP负责在生长、分裂及应激适应过程中塑造细胞壁。PBP为细菌所特有，是极佳的抗菌药物靶点。 β-内酰胺类药物对大肠埃希菌PBP的亲和力 亲和力（affinity）是指β-内酰胺类药物与PBP结合并继而使其失活的过程。这一复杂过程包含以下原则：（i）靶向并灭活必需PBP的β-内酰胺类药物可使细菌迅速死亡并大量清除细菌群体；（ii）主要靶向非必需PBP的药物使细菌死亡较慢，导致群体清除较少；（iii）同时灭活多种必需及非必需PBP的药物可使细菌更快死亡（与仅靶向单一PBP的药物相比），从而造成更大程度的群体消除；（iv）PBP结构修饰可降低β-内酰胺类药物与PBP结合的有效性，导致亲和力下降并使细菌得以存活。 β-内酰胺类药物对PBP的亲和力可采用生化、生物物理、微生物学和结构学方法评估。放射性标记β-内酰胺结合试验直接测定β-内酰胺类药物与PBP的结合和酰化，被视为经典金标准方法。在同基因背景菌株中，将野生型PBP与修饰PBP进行比较时，最低抑菌浓度（minimum inhibitory concentration，MIC）升高可作为间接提示结合亲和力下降的生物学方法。 头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、氨曲南、美罗培南（meropenem）和亚胺培南（imipenem）对不同大肠埃希菌PBP的亲和力，以及编码各PBP的基因，见表1。之所以选择这些药物，是因为它们可与新型β-内酰胺酶抑制剂联合使用。头孢德罗也纳入其中，因为其可与包括PBP3在内的多种PBP结合。总之，头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、氨曲南和头孢德罗的主要PBP靶点是PBP3（由ftsI编码），而美罗培南和亚胺培南的主要靶点是PBP2（由mrdA编码）。需要注意的是，头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、美罗培南和亚胺培南还可灭活其他必需PBP，而美罗培南和亚胺培南亦靶向非必需PBP（表1）。 表1  β-内酰胺类药物对大肠埃希菌PBP的亲和力 β-内酰胺类药物 PBP1a(ponA) PBP1b(ponB) PBP2(mrdA) PBP3(ftsI) PBP4(dacB) PBP5/6(dacA) PBP7(pbpG) PBP8(pbpH) 头孢他啶 2+ 2+ 1+ 3+ N N N N 头孢吡肟 1+ 1+ 1+ 3+ N N N N 氨曲南 N N N 3+ N N N N 美罗培南 N N 3+ 2+ 3+ N 1+ 1+ 亚胺培南 2+ 2+ 3+ 1+ 3+ 1+ N N 头孢德罗 1+ 1+ 1+ 3+ N N N N 注：括号内为负责编码PBP的基因。必需PBP：A类包括1a、1b，B类包括2、3。非必需PBP：C类包括4、5/6、7、8。亲和力：3+，高（主要PBP靶点）；2+，中等（次要PBP靶点）；1+，低亲和力（三级PBP靶点）；N，无/可忽略/未知。 大肠埃希菌PBP3插入 首次报道：YRIN和YRIK AstraZeneca在2010年代初开展的监测项目发现14株产NDM大肠埃希菌，其氨曲南/阿维巴坦MIC较高，范围为4/4～16/4 µg/mL。全基因组测序（whole-genome sequencing，WGS）显示，PBP3在氨基酸（amino acid，aa）333位之后插入了4个氨基酸，分别命名为YRIK和YRIN（图1）。YRIN插入导致aa 334～341位形成YRIN_YRIN重复（图1）。研究者将含YRIK的ftsI克隆至大肠埃希菌ATCC 25922。头孢曲松、头孢吡肟和氨曲南的MIC显著升高（从0.03升至4 µg/mL），而美罗培南和亚胺培南的MIC保持不变。MIC升高归因于YRIK插入，可能是由于头孢曲松、头孢吡肟和氨曲南对PBP3的亲和力降低。基于分子建模的结构分析提示，两种插入均发生在β2b–β2c环，可能影响β-内酰胺类药物进入PBP3转肽酶口袋。2022年一项大肠埃希菌ST410基因组研究将YRIK插入报道为KYRI。 其他PBP3插入：TIPY、YRIP和TRVP 美国研究者于2017年获得一株携带blaKPC-2的临床大肠埃希菌，其头孢他啶/阿维巴坦和氨曲南/阿维巴坦MIC均为8/4 µg/mL。WGS发现PBP3在aa 334位之后存在另一种4氨基酸插入，命名为TIPY，并在aa 331～341位形成TIPY_TIPY重复（图1）。TIPY插入位于PBP3活性位点邻近的环区，可能阻止β-内酰胺类药物进入。 一年后，中国研究者从一名患者的尿液中分离到携带blaNDM-1、氨曲南/阿维巴坦MIC为8/4 µg/mL的大肠埃希菌。WGS发现aa 333位之后存在YRIP插入，导致aa 333～340位形成PYRI_PYRI重复（图1）。 2023年，瑞士研究者获得一株对广谱头孢菌素和氨曲南耐药、ESBL及AmpC β-内酰胺酶检测阴性的临床大肠埃希菌。其头孢他啶/阿维巴坦MIC为8/4 µg/mL。WGS发现333位之后存在YRVP插入（图1）。将野生型PBP3克隆并转化至该临床分离株后，其对头孢菌素和氨曲南的敏感性恢复，提示该插入导致广谱头孢菌素、氨曲南和头孢他啶/阿维巴坦MIC升高。 一项基于生物信息学的研究还报道了罕见PBP3重复，如TVVP、TVPYTVPY、TVPYPVPY、VGDR和ANALNIPL。然而，尚不清楚这些重复是否会导致新型β-内酰胺/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂组合的MIC升高。 图1　不同的大肠埃希菌PBP3插入。顶部：野生型PBP3的氨基酸（aa）320～340位。蓝色箭头：aa 333与334位之间的插入（YRIK、YRIN、YRIP和YRVP）。绿色箭头：aa 334与335位之间的插入（TIPY）。重复序列（YRIN_YRIN、PYRI_PYRI和TIPY_TIPY）加下划线。Y，酪氨酸；R，精氨酸；I，异亮氨酸；N，天冬酰胺；K，赖氨酸；P，脯氨酸；T，苏氨酸；V，缬氨酸。 PBP3插入：全球频率 具有PBP3插入的大肠埃希菌在全球的总体流行率和分布难以确定，因为已发表的基因组监测研究很少，且在报告PBP3插入时采用了不同的纳入标准。纳入标准包括：无筛选标准；对头孢他啶/阿维巴坦、氨曲南/阿维巴坦和/或头孢德罗不敏感；以及产碳青霉烯酶分离株。 一项大规模生物信息学研究下载了截至2023年11月Enterobase中的全部大肠埃希菌基因组。在159,341个高质量大肠埃希菌基因组中，2%含有PBP3插入；其中YRIN重复最常见，占66%，其次为YRIK（约29%），PYRI重复占4%。TIPY重复和YRVP插入较为罕见。含YRIN、YRIK和PYRI的基因组来自62个国家，最常见于美国、中国、德国、澳大利亚和加拿大，这反映了各地区实施WGS的能力。该研究值得注意的一点是：首个含YRIN重复的基因组来自2002年，首个含YRIK的基因组来自2010年，而首个PYRI重复出现于2012年。 SIDERO-WT-2014监测研究（欧洲和北美）发现，在1,529株大肠埃希菌分离株中，有65株对头孢他啶/阿维巴坦、头孢洛扎/他唑巴坦和/或头孢德罗的MIC≥2 µg/mL。其中11株来自土耳其、美国和意大利，并具有YRIN重复。 另一项监测研究纳入欧洲、亚太地区和拉丁美洲64家医疗中心于2019年连续收集的8,787株肠杆菌目细菌。其中11株大肠埃希菌（来自土耳其、韩国、越南、泰国、法国、意大利和澳大利亚）的氨曲南/阿维巴坦MIC≥4/4 mg/L；9株含YRIK插入，2株含YRIN重复。 2020年至2025年，美国马里兰州卫生部实验室管理局从周边实验室接收40株临床产NDM大肠埃希菌分离株；其中18株（45%）YRIN重复阳性，12株（30%）YRIK插入阳性。 美国曾报道由印度输入的产NDM-5大肠埃希菌ST167病例，德国曾报道由乌克兰输入的产NDM-5大肠埃希菌ST361病例，二者均具有YRIN重复。 PBP3插入：与β-内酰胺酶及高风险克隆的关联 很早即已发现，含PBP3插入（尤其是YRIN和YRIK）的菌株与blaNDMs、blaOXA-48-like、blaCTX-M及质粒介导的AmpC β-内酰胺酶相关。与这些菌株最常相关的单个β-内酰胺酶包括NDM-5、OXA-181、CTX-M-15和CMY-42。总体而言，PBP3插入在携带blaKPCs、blaVIMs和blaIMPs的大肠埃希菌中较少见。 含YRIN、YRIK和PYRI的菌株与某些大肠埃希菌高风险克隆之间存在值得关注的关联。YRIN常见于ST410、ST167、ST648、ST617、ST361、ST101、ST1284和ST448等高风险克隆；YRIK常见于ST410、ST405、ST648、ST617和ST38；PYRI则见于ST410和ST354。在全球产碳青霉烯酶大肠埃希菌中，高风险克隆中PBP3插入的流行率如下：ST410中75%、ST167中100%含YRIN；ST410中10%、ST405中50%含YRIK。 获得PBP3插入在ST410的演化中发挥了重要作用。ST410在2010年代早期至中期推动了OXA-181的全球传播；到2010年代后期，该克隆亦获得了NDM-5。ST410分为A、B两个分支，B分支又分为B1、B2和B3三个亚分支（图2）。部分ST410-B2（约20%）含YRIK，而大多数ST410-B3（约80%）含YRIN。对ftsI基因周边区域的表征显示，ST410中的该区域与ST167的ftsI基因高度相似。当ST410-B2演化为ST410-B3时，由于赖氨酸变为天冬酰胺，YRIK插入被YRIN取代（图2）。随后，YRIN重复在B3亚分支中固定，而该亚分支在这一谱系的群体结构中占主导地位。ST410-B3亚分支呈现逐步发展为多重耐药的过程（图2）。 PBP3插入：实验室检测 携带PBP3插入的大肠埃希菌菌株的实验室检测仍处于早期开发阶段。已有研究描述了一种五重PCR检测，可在单次反应中同时检测blaCTX-M、blaOXA-1、blaCMY、blaNDM以及常见PBP3插入变体YRIN和YRIK。 在携带YRIN或YRIK插入的产NDM大肠埃希菌中，blaCMY与blaCTX-M同时存在与氨曲南/阿维巴坦MIC升高（>4 µg/mL）相关。缺乏blaCMY的分离株常表现为对氨曲南/阿维巴坦敏感（<4 µg/mL），临床实验室仍难以检出。 图2　ST410亚分支随时间获得YRIK和YRIN PBP3插入。 PBP3插入：小结 具有PBP3插入的大肠埃希菌特征总结于表2。具有PBP3插入的大肠埃希菌于21世纪初首次出现，并在2010年代后期数量增加。全球最常见的三种类型为YRIN、YRIK和PYRI。由于监测研究采用不同筛选标准，具有这些PBP3插入菌株的流行率难以确定。现有监测数据（充其量并不理想）提示，含YRIN和YRIK插入的分离株在全球分布，并且全球携带blaNDMs的分离株中有相当比例（接近50%）也含PBP3插入。某些β-内酰胺酶（如NDM-5、OXA-181、CTX-M-15和CMY-42）与含YRIN和YRIK插入的大肠埃希菌相关。含blaCMY-42的菌株显示较高的氨曲南/阿维巴坦MIC。具有PBP3插入的大肠埃希菌存在显著克隆成分：YRIN与ST410-B3、ST167、ST648和ST361相关，YRIK与ST405和ST410-B2相关。关于PYRI的克隆数据很少，目前见于ST410（亚分支不明）和ST354。 表2　具有PBP3插入的大肠埃希菌的特征 PBP3插入 分布 出现频率 β-内酰胺酶 高风险克隆 YRIN 全球（首次报道于印度） 最常见 NDM-5、OXA-181、CMY-42、CTX-M-15 ST410-B3、ST167、ST648、ST361 YRIK 全球（首次报道于印度） 第二常见 NDM-5、OXA-181、CMY-42、CTX-M-15 ST405、ST410-B2 PYRI 未知（首次报道于中国） 较少见 未知 ST410、ST354 TIPY 未知（首次报道于美国） 罕见 未知 未知 TRVP 未知（首次报道于瑞士） 罕见 未知 未知 注：Y，酪氨酸；R，精氨酸；I，异亮氨酸；N，天冬酰胺；K，赖氨酸；P，脯氨酸；T，苏氨酸；V，缬氨酸。β-内酰胺酶和高风险克隆列示具有PBP3插入大肠埃希菌中最常见者。由于监测研究纳入标准不同，数据不足。 新型β-内酰胺/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂组合 引言 通过将β-内酰胺类药物与β-内酰胺酶抑制剂联用来恢复其活性的理念，起源于20世纪60至70年代。β-内酰胺酶抑制剂与β-内酰胺酶结合并使其失活，使组合中的β-内酰胺类药物得以灭活PBP靶点，从而导致细菌死亡。 β-内酰胺酶抑制剂分为两组：“较早期”或自杀性抑制剂，以及“新型”或非自杀性抑制剂。自杀性抑制剂以不可逆方式与β-内酰胺酶共价结合。这些抑制剂（如克拉维酸、舒巴坦和他唑巴坦）在结构上与β-内酰胺类抗菌药物相关。非自杀性抑制剂以可逆方式与β-内酰胺酶非共价结合。这些抑制剂（如阿维巴坦、瑞来巴坦和韦博巴坦等）在结构上与β-内酰胺类抗菌药物无关。 关于新型抑制剂及β-内酰胺/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂组合，可归纳以下一般概念：（i）新型β-内酰胺酶抑制剂（如纳库巴坦、莱达硼巴坦和funobactam等）以及头孢德罗/泽鲁硼巴坦目前正处于Ⅰ期或Ⅲ期早期试验，本文不作详细讨论。（ii）新型β-内酰胺/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂组合旨在治疗产碳青霉烯酶细菌所致感染。（iii）大多数新型β-内酰胺酶抑制剂（如阿维巴坦、瑞来巴坦、齐德巴坦、韦博巴坦和塔尼硼巴坦）可抑制A类酶（包括KPC和ESBL）以及C类酶（如AmpC）（表3）。（iv）部分新型β-内酰胺酶抑制剂（如阿维巴坦、齐德巴坦、塔尼硼巴坦和度洛巴坦）可抑制D类酶（如OXA-48样碳青霉烯酶）（表3）。（v）仅少数抑制剂（如塔尼硼巴坦和泽鲁硼巴坦）可抑制MBL（表3）。（vi）塔尼硼巴坦不能抑制IMP型MBL。（vii）部分新型抑制剂称为β-内酰胺增强剂（β-lactam enhancer；如齐德巴坦和度洛巴坦），其作用不止于抑制β-内酰胺酶（如还可结合PBP2）。（viii）可与新型抑制剂组成联合制剂的β-内酰胺类药物包括头孢吡肟、头孢他啶、头孢德罗、氨曲南、美罗培南和亚胺培南（表3）。（ix）氨曲南因对MBL具有活性而被用于β-内酰胺/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂组合。（x）新型β-内酰胺酶抑制剂包含两种结构类型：二氮杂双环辛烷类抑制剂和硼酸类抑制剂。 表3　新型β-内酰胺/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂组合：抑制谱与活性 β-内酰胺酶抑制剂 β-内酰胺酶抑制谱 β-内酰胺类药物 β-内酰胺/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂组合的活性 阿维巴坦 A、C、D类 头孢他啶 KPC、OXA-48样、ESBL、AmpC 阿维巴坦 A、C、D类 氨曲南 KPC、MBL、OXA-48样、ESBL、AmpC 瑞来巴坦 A、C类 亚胺培南 KPC、ESBL、AmpC 度洛巴坦 A、C、D类 舒巴坦 OXA-carb 齐德巴坦 A、C、D类 头孢吡肟 KPC、MBL、OXA-carb、ESBL、AmpC 韦博巴坦 A、C类 美罗培南 KPC、ESBL、AmpC 塔尼硼巴坦 A、B、C、D类 头孢吡肟 KPC、MBL（不包括IMP）、OXA-carb、ESBL、AmpC 泽鲁硼巴坦 A、B、C、D类 头孢德罗 KPC、MBL、OXA-carb、ESBL、AmpC 注：KPC亦包括其他A类碳青霉烯酶，如GES、IMI和SME。 Ambler分类基于氨基酸序列相似性。 ESBL，超广谱β-内酰胺酶；MBL，金属-β-内酰胺酶；OXA-carb，OXA碳青霉烯酶。 二氮杂双环辛烷类β-内酰胺酶抑制剂 二氮杂双环辛烷类（diazabicyclo-octane）抑制剂分为两个亚组：一类为β-内酰胺酶抑制剂，另一类还兼具β-内酰胺增强作用。 β-内酰胺酶抑制剂 阿维巴坦是A类、C类及部分D类β-内酰胺酶抑制剂（表3）。其与头孢他啶组成的联合制剂于2015年上市，用于复杂性腹腔内感染（complicated intra-abdominal infection，cIAI）、复杂性尿路感染（complicated urinary tract infection，cUTI）和医院获得性肺炎（hospital-acquired pneumonia，HAP）。该复方对携带KPC碳青霉烯酶、其他A类碳青霉烯酶（如GES、IMI和SME）、OXA-48样碳青霉烯酶、ESBL及AmpC的细菌具有活性（表3）。较新的组合是氨曲南/阿维巴坦，自2024年起在欧洲可用于cIAI、cUTI和HAP；该组合于2025年获美国食品药品监督管理局（Food and Drug Administration，FDA）批准用于cIAI。氨曲南/阿维巴坦对携带KPC碳青霉烯酶、其他A类碳青霉烯酶（如GES、IMI和SME）、OXA-48样碳青霉烯酶、ESBL、AmpC及MBL（活性来自氨曲南）的细菌具有活性（表3）。 瑞来巴坦（relebactam）是A类和C类抑制剂；其与亚胺培南组成的联合制剂于2019年上市，用于cIAI、cUTI和HAP（表3）。亚胺培南/瑞来巴坦对KPC碳青霉烯酶、其他A类碳青霉烯酶（如GES、IMI和SME）、ESBL和AmpC具有活性（表3）。 β-内酰胺增强剂 齐德巴坦是A类、C类和D类抑制剂，与头孢吡肟联合使用（表3）。该复方已完成cUTI的Ⅲ期试验，且近期已获FDA批准。头孢吡肟/齐德巴坦对产生包括MBL在内多种β-内酰胺酶的细菌具有活性（表3）。其抗MBL活性很可能源于齐德巴坦对PBP2的亲和力，但确切机制尚不清楚。 度洛巴坦（durlobactam）是A类、C类和D类抑制剂兼增强剂，与舒巴坦联合使用；该复方于2023年在美国上市，专门用于产OXA碳青霉烯酶鲍曼不动杆菌所致HAP（表3）。 硼酸类抑制剂 韦博巴坦（vaborbactam）是A类和C类抑制剂；其与美罗培南组成的联合制剂分别于2017年（美国）和2018年（欧洲）上市，用于cUTI（表3）。该复方对KPC碳青霉烯酶、其他A类碳青霉烯酶（如GES、IMI和SME）、ESBL和AmpC具有活性（表3）。 塔尼硼巴坦是A、B、C和D类抑制剂，与头孢吡肟联合使用。该复方已完成cUTI的Ⅲ期试验。头孢吡肟/塔尼硼巴坦对KPC、MBL（不包括IMP）和OXA碳青霉烯酶具有活性（表3），但尚不清楚该复方能否上市。 泽鲁硼巴坦是A、B、C和D类抑制剂，与头孢德罗联合使用，目前处于Ⅲ期后期试验。头孢德罗/泽鲁硼巴坦对KPC、MBL和OXA碳青霉烯酶具有活性（表3）。 新型β-内酰胺/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂组合：小结 新型β-内酰胺/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂组合对A类碳青霉烯酶具有极佳活性，对D类碳青霉烯酶具有良好活性（表3）。遗憾的是，对B类酶或MBL的抑制仍是难题。目前，塔尼硼巴坦是唯一处于后期开发阶段且可抑制MBL的β-内酰胺酶抑制剂。泽鲁硼巴坦对大多数IMP和NDM变体具有活性，但仍处于Ⅲ期后期临床试验。β-内酰胺增强剂齐德巴坦并不真正抑制B类β-内酰胺酶，但与头孢吡肟联用时，对产MBL微生物显示出极佳活性。 具有PBP3插入的大肠埃希菌：对新型β-内酰胺/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂组合的影响 具有PBP3插入（尤其是YRIN和YRIK）的大肠埃希菌主要见于同时含blaNDMs的菌株（表2）。对产MBL大肠埃希菌具有活性的新型β-内酰胺/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂组合包括氨曲南/阿维巴坦、头孢吡肟/齐德巴坦、头孢吡肟/塔尼硼巴坦和美罗培南/泽鲁硼巴坦。有研究比较了头孢吡肟/齐德巴坦和头孢吡肟/塔尼硼巴坦对具有YRIN和YRIK插入的产NDM大肠埃希菌的活性；这些菌株的氨曲南/阿维巴坦MIC较高，范围为1/4～16/4 µg/mL。头孢吡肟/塔尼硼巴坦对这些菌株活性有限或无活性，而头孢吡肟/齐德巴坦的MIC极低（≤0.125 µg/mL）。另一项研究比较了头孢吡肟/塔尼硼巴坦和美罗培南/泽鲁硼巴坦对具有YRIN和YRIK插入大肠埃希菌的活性；这些菌株的氨曲南/阿维巴坦MIC较高，范围为1/4至>64/4 µg/mL。头孢吡肟/塔尼硼巴坦的活性再次显示有限或缺失，而美罗培南/泽鲁硼巴坦对这些菌株的MIC极低（≤0.25 µg/mL）。 同时具有PBP3插入和blaOXA-181的菌株数据仍很少。因此，本文不详述新型β-内酰胺/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂组合对携带blaOXA-181菌株的活性，而重点讨论blaNDMs。不过，头孢他啶/阿维巴坦常用于治疗产OXA-48样碳青霉烯酶大肠埃希菌所致感染。具有PBP3插入的大肠埃希菌对头孢他啶/阿维巴坦的MIC升高，但按欧洲抗菌药物敏感性试验委员会（European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing，EUCAST）折点判定时并不总表现为不敏感。监测产OXA-48样碳青霉烯酶大肠埃希菌中PBP3插入流行率的上升非常重要。 总之，氨曲南/阿维巴坦、头孢吡肟/齐德巴坦和头孢吡肟/塔尼硼巴坦因其中的氨曲南或头孢吡肟而对PBP3具有良好亲和力，并对具有PBP3插入的菌株表现出有限活性。头孢吡肟/齐德巴坦因齐德巴坦而对PBP2具有良好亲和力，对具有PBP3插入的菌株显示出极佳的体外活性。 结论 具有PBP3插入的大肠埃希菌的出现，代表了AMR机制的汇聚，即β-内酰胺酶产生（如NDM）与靶位修饰（如PBP3插入）相结合。具有YRIN和YRIK PBP3插入的菌株与高风险克隆（如ST410、ST167和ST405）相关，对若干新型β-内酰胺/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂组合（如头孢他啶/阿维巴坦、氨曲南/阿维巴坦和头孢吡肟/塔尼硼巴坦）以及头孢德罗的敏感性降低。相比之下，对PBP2具有强亲和力的药物似乎仍保留活性，凸显多PBP靶向策略的重要性。 一个主要挑战是临床实践中缺乏检测此类菌株的方法。携带YRIN和YRIK的分离株可能在检测时表现为对某些新型β-内酰胺/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂组合敏感，从而掩盖其存在并导致隐匿传播。目前，检测具有PBP3插入的大肠埃希菌及识别相关高风险克隆的诊断能力仍然有限，迫切需要适用于常规实验室的方法。 加强全球监测和改进诊断，是明确此类大肠埃希菌菌株流行病学并限制其传播的关键。未来抗微生物药物研发应优先考虑对多种必需PBP具有活性的药物，以减轻单靶点耐药机制的影响。上述工作对于维持β-内酰胺类药物应对日益复杂的多重耐药大肠埃希菌的疗效至关重要。携带blaNDMs并具有PBP3插入的大肠埃希菌的出现与传播，凸显了仅专注于β-内酰胺酶抑制的治疗策略所存在的局限性。 文献来源：Pitout JDD, Peirano G, Matsumura Y, Kock M, Chen L. Escherichia coli with penicillin-binding protein 3 insertions: implications for newer β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2026 Sep 16:e0107726. doi: 10.1128/aac.01077-26. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 42747332.                                                                               文献翻译：杨   智 排版编辑：刘   威 审      核：曾   军、杨   智

Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue 1 临床传染病学 82卷1期 https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/ ID Art Through the Ages（穿越时代的传染病学技艺） 1 Peasants' Revolt, 1381 1381年农民起义 Mary Grizzard and Michael Grizzard Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Page i, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf692 In the Literature（文献概览） 2 In the Literature 文献概览 Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages ii–iii, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf631 State-of-the-Art Review（最新技术综述） 3 State-of-the-Art Review: Diagnosis and Management of Acute and Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis 最新技术综述：急性和慢性细菌性前列腺炎的诊断与治疗 Prathit A Kulkarni and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf483 Clinical Dilemmas in Infectious Diseases（传染病临床难题） 4 “Insisting on Treatment” “坚持治疗” Kevin Andrew Smith and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 14–18, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf282 Voices of ID（传染病之声） 5 Martin Arrowsmith and Me 马丁·阿罗史密斯与我 Janet R Gilsdorf Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 19–20, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf277 Invited Commentary（特邀述评） 6 The 2025 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Nonoccupational HIV Postexposure Prophylaxis Guidelines: Updated Regimens and Remaining Questions 2025年美国疾病控制与预防中心非职业性艾滋病毒暴露后预防指南：更新方案及遗留问题 Lao-Tzu Allan-Blitz and Kenneth H Mayer Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 21–24, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf567 Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship（抗菌药物耐药性与管控） 7 Modeling the Impact and Cost of a Culture-Dependent Molecular Test for Antimicrobial Resistance in Resource-Limited Settings 资源有限环境下，基于培养的分子检测法对抗菌药物耐药性的影响和成本建模 Joshua M Chevalier and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 25–32, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf236 8 The Xpert MTB/RIF Cycle Threshold Value Predicts Mycobacterium tuberculosis Transmission to Close Contacts in a Brazilian Prospective Multicenter Cohort 巴西一项前瞻性多中心队列研究中Xpert MTB/RIF循环阈值可预测结核分枝杆菌在密切接触者中的传播 Leandro S Garcia and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 33–41, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad794 9 Beyond Diagnosis: Xpert Cycle Threshold Values as Predictors of Tuberculosis Transmission 超越诊断：Xpert循环阈值作为结核病传播的预测指标 Lauren Linde and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 42–43, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad791 10 First Report of Treatment-Emergent Resistance to Cefepime-Zidebactam in Pseudomonas aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌在头孢吡肟-齐德巴坦治疗中出现耐药性的首例报告 Ava J Dorazio and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 44–48, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf638 Clinical Practice and Policy（临床实践与政策） 11 Sputum and Tongue Swab Molecular Testing for the In-Home Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Unselected Household Contacts: A Cost and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis 痰液和舌拭子分子检测用于未筛选家庭接触者结核病居家诊断的成本及成本效益分析 Charl Bezuidenhout and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 49–57, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf389 12 You’ve Got a Friend in Me: Curbside Questions Infectious Diseases Clinicians Ask Infectious Diseases Pharmacists 我是你的朋友：传染病临床医生向传染病药剂师咨询的即兴问题 Matthew R Davis and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 58–61, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf250 13 Home Testing for Contagious Illness: Historical Context and Modern Caveats 传染性疾病居家检测：历史背景与现代注意事项 Abigail Zuger Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 62–66, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf623 Fungal Infections（真菌感染） 14 Evaluating the Use of Lower Dose Flucytosine for the Treatment of Cryptococcal Meningitis: A Clinical Trial 评估低剂量氟胞嘧啶治疗隐球菌性脑膜炎的临床试验 Morris K Rutakingirwa and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 67–74, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf432 15 Association Between Duration of Candidemia and Clinical and Healthcare Resource Utilization Outcomes Among Hospitalized Adult Patients With Candidemia Who Received Empiric Treatment With an Echinocandin Across United States Hospitals 美国各医院中接受棘白菌素经验性治疗的念珠菌血症成年住院患者中，念珠菌血症持续时间与临床和医疗资源利用结局之间的关联 Thomas P Lodise and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 75–85, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf472 16 Aspergillosis-Attributable Mortality in the United States: Analysis of Death Certificate Data 美国隐球菌病导致的死亡率分析：基于死亡证明数据 Thomas J Walsh and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 86–92, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf653 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 17 Outcomes of Critical Illness in People With Advanced HIV Disease: 30 Years of Binational Data 晚期艾滋病患者危重症结局：30年的双国数据 Bryan Tan and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 93–99, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf362 18 Phase 2 Trial of Long-Acting Cabotegravir and VRC07-523LS for Viral Suppression in Adults With HIV-1: ACTG A5357 长效卡博特韦和VRC07-523LS用于HIV-1感染成人病毒抑制的2期试验：ACTG A5357 Babafemi O Taiwo and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 100–108, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf375 19 Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Long-Acting Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine in a National Cohort of People With HIV-1: First Results From the ANRS-MIE CARLAPOP Study 全国HIV-1感染者队列中长效卡博特韦和利匹韦林的治疗药物监测：ANRS-MIE CARLAPOP研究的首批结果 Nadège Néant and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 109–118, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf385 20 Is Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Long-Acting Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine of Clinical Utility? 长效卡博特韦和利匹韦林的治疗药物监测是否具有临床实用性？ Catia Marzolini Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 119–121, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf386 21 Efficacy and Safety of Dual Therapy With Dolutegravir/Lamivudine in Treatment-naive Persons With CD4 Counts <200/mm3: 48-Week Results of the DOLCE Study 多替拉韦/拉米夫定双药治疗在CD4计数<200/mm³的初治患者中的疗效和安全性：DOLCE研究48周结果 Maria Ines Figueroa and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 122–131, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf415 22 DOLCE: Sweet Success for Dolutegravir/Lamivudine? DOLCE研究：多替拉韦/拉米夫定双药治疗是否取得完美成功？ Laura J Waters Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 132–133, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf416 Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology（感染控制与医院流行病学） 23 Real-Time Genomic Surveillance for Enhanced Healthcare Outbreak Detection and Control: Clinical and Economic Impact 实时基因组监测用于加强医疗保健机构疫情检测与控制：临床与经济影响 Alexander J Sundermann and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 134–141, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf216 24 Patient Perspectives Regarding Different Contact Precaution Policies for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Across Two Hospitals: Patients Are in Favor of Contact Precautions 两家医院患者对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌不同接触预防政策的态度：患者支持接触预防措施 Nicholas F Angelino and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 142–144, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf330 Photo Quiz（影像问答） 25 The Clue That Wriggled into View 蜿蜒入目的线索 Nitin Gupta and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 145–147, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf427 Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology（感染控制与医院流行病学） 26 Comparing Generative Artificial Intelligence vs Experts for Detection of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection 比较生成式人工智能与专家在导管相关尿路感染检测中的应用 Shatha Alshanqeeti and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 148–150, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf486 Sexually Transmitted Infections（性传播感染） 27 Viability of Chlamydia trachomatis in Different Anatomical Sites—a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis 不同解剖部位沙眼衣原体的存活能力——系统综述和荟萃分析 Arthur Wong and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 151–158, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae401 Photo Quiz（影像问答） 28 A 46-Year-Old With Persistent Altered Mental Status and Respiratory Failure 一例46岁患者持续出现意识状态改变伴呼吸衰竭 Ann F Yang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 159–161, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf439 Sexually Transmitted Infections（性传播感染） 29 Mpox in People With HIV: Predictors of Diagnosis, Outcomes, and Vaccine Effectiveness in a Multisite Cohort HIV感染者中的猴痘：多站点队列中诊断、预后和疫苗有效性的预测因素 Michalina Montaño and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 162–172, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae464 30 Development and Evaluation of a Novel Algorithm to Identify Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis Users at a Large Healthcare System in the Bronx, New York 开发和评估一种新型算法，用于识别纽约布朗克斯区一家大型医疗系统中多西环素暴露后预防用药者 Caroline E Mullis and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 173–176, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf109 31 Evidence-Informed Provision of Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis for Prevention of Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections 为预防细菌性性传播感染提供基于证据的多西环素暴露后预防用药 Julia C Dombrowski and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 177–184, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae527 Bacterial Infections（细菌性感染） 32 Long-term Mortality Trends Among Individuals With Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Individuals Diagnosed With Tuberculosis in Brazil 巴西结核病患者的长期死亡率趋势：一项针对巴西结核病诊断患者的回顾性队列研究 Sun Kim and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e1–e8, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf206 33 Clinical and Microbiological Characteristics of Meningococcal Eye Infections: Retrospective National Surveillance in England, 2010–2022 脑膜炎球菌眼部感染的临床和微生物学特征：2010 - 2022年英格兰全国回顾性监测 Stephen A Clark and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e9–e16, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf274 34 Does Piperacillin-Tazobactam Increase Mortality Risk Compared With Cefepime? Collider Bias and the Importance of Assumptions in Instrumental Variable Analyses 与头孢吡肟相比，哌拉西林-他唑巴坦是否会增加死亡率风险？工具变量分析中的混杂偏倚和假设的重要性 Fergus Hamilton and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e17–e23, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf317 COVID-19 / SARS COV-2（新冠肺炎/严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型） 35 Efficacy and Safety of Obeldesivir in High-Risk Nonhospitalized Patients With COVID-19 (BIRCH): A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study 奥贝德西韦在高危非住院COVID-19患者（BIRCH研究）中的疗效和安全性：一项3期、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照研究 Anca Streinu-Cercel and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e24–e32, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf406 36 Retreatment With Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Following Return of COVID-19 Symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 Positivity COVID-19症状复发且SARS-CoV-2检测呈阳性后使用奈玛特韦/利托那韦重新治疗 Wuyan Zhang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e33–e40, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf548 Emerging Infections(新兴感染) 37 “I Didn’t Know Him Before the Pandemic… Now He's on My Speed Dial”: Strengthening Collaboration Between Infectious Diseases Physicians and State and Local Public Health for Future Public Health Emergencies “疫情前我并不认识他……现在他已是我的快速拨号对象”：加强传染病医生与州和地方公共卫生部门在未来突发公共卫生事件中的合作 Diana Valencia and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e41–e46, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf179 38 Identification of and Response to Influenza A(H5) in Off-the-Shelf Raw Milk—Santa Clara County, California, November–December 2024 2024年11 - 12月加利福尼亚州圣克拉拉县在现成生牛奶中检出甲型流感（H5）病毒及应对措施 Alessandra Løchen and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e47–e48, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf420 39 The Indispensable Value of Small-Molecule Antivirals in Epidemic and Pandemic Preparedness 小分子抗病毒药物在流行病和大流行病防范中的不可或缺价值 Ruxandra Draghia-Akli and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e49–e55, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf476 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 40 Increasing HIV Testing During Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Evaluations in Urgent Care and Emergency Departments: A Large Health System Initiative 在紧急护理和急诊科进行淋病和衣原体检测时增加HIV检测：一项大型医疗系统倡议 Allan M Seibert and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e56–e67, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf434 41 Clinical Predictors and Incidence of Kaposi Sarcoma Among Males With HIV in the Treat-All Era in the United States and Canada 美国和加拿大“全员治疗”时代男性HIV感染者卡波西肉瘤的临床预测因素和发病率 Sally B Coburn and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e68–e77, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf446 42 Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors for Treatment-experienced Young Adults With Perinatal HIV in the US: Immunologic, Virologic, and Anthropometric Outcomes 美国接受过治疗的围产期感染HIV的年轻成人使用整合酶链转移抑制剂的免疫学、病毒学和人体测量学结果 Kunjal Patel and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e78–e88, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf538 43 Win Ratio Aligns With and Enhances Interpretation of REPRIEVE's Primary Findings Win比值与REPRIEVE研究的主要发现一致并增强了其解释性 Emma Davies Smith and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e89–e92, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf477 44 The Critical Importance of Clinical Use Case to Inform Point-of-Care Technology Development: A Case Study of HIV Nucleic Acid Assays in the United States 临床应用案例对于指导即时检测技术开发的重要性：以美国HIV核酸检测为例 Yukari C Manabe and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e93–e99, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf510 Mycobacterial Infections（分枝杆菌感染） 45 Body Mass Index and Incident Tuberculosis in Close Tuberculosis Contacts 结核密切接触者中体重指数与新发结核病的关系 María B Arriaga and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e100–e109, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf475 46 The Role of Youths in Within-Household Tuberculosis Transmission: A Household Contact Cohort Study 青年在家庭内结核病传播中的作用：一项家庭接触队列研究 Meredith B Brooks and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e110–e118, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf490 47 Cost-effectiveness of Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing for Tuberculosis Drug-resistance Testing as an Alternative to the Standard of Care in South Africa 南非以靶向下一代测序作为结核病耐药检测标准护理方案的替代方案的成本效益分析 Alexandra de Nooy and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e119–e125, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf495 48 Xpert MTB/RIF Cycle Threshold as a Marker of Tuberculosis (TB) Disease Severity: Implications for TB Treatment Stratification Xpert MTB/RIF循环阈值作为结核病（TB）疾病严重程度的标志物：对结核病治疗分层的启示 Daniel J Grint and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e126–e134, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf527 49 The Role of β-Lactam Antibiotics in Treating Mycobacterium abscessus: From Laboratory Insights to Clinical Applications and the Case for Clinical Trials β-内酰胺类抗生素在治疗脓肿分枝杆菌中的作用：从实验室见解到临床应用及开展临床试验的必要性 Khalid M Dousa and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e135–e145, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf547 Pediatric and Maternal Infectious Diseases（儿科与孕产妇传染病） 50 Efficacy, Immunogenicity, and Safety of an Investigational Maternal Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Protein–Based Vaccine 一种研究性孕产妇呼吸道合胞病毒融合前F蛋白疫苗的疗效、免疫原性和安全性 Peyman Banooni and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e146–e155, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf033 51 Hepatotoxicity Among People With HIV and Receiving Isoniazid Preventive Therapy in Pregnancy and Postpartum: The Role of Antiretroviral Regimen and Pharmacogenetics HIV感染者在孕期和产后接受异烟肼预防性治疗时的肝毒性：抗逆转录病毒治疗方案和药物基因组学的作用 Grace Montepiedra and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e156–e164, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf198 52 Transplacental Transfer of Lumefantrine, Mefloquine, and Piperaquine: A Comparison of Concentrations in Mothers, Neonates, and Cord Blood 青蒿素、甲氟喹和哌喹的胎盘转运：母亲、新生儿和脐带血中浓度的比较 Makoto Saito and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e165–e173, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf552 53 Why Did the Antimalarial Drug Cross the Placenta? 抗疟药为何要穿过胎盘？ Stephen J Rogerson and Holger W Unger Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e174–e175, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf553 Viral Infections（病毒性传染病） 54 Kinetics and Predictors of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Loss After Commencing Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)–Active Antiretroviral Therapy in the Setting of HIV and Chronic HBV Coinfection HIV和慢性乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）共感染患者开始使用HBV活性抗逆转录病毒治疗后乙型肝炎表面抗原消失的动力学和预测因素 Jennifer Audsley and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e176–e184, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf281 55 Secondary Pneumococcal Disease in Veterans With Viral Respiratory Infections 患有病毒性呼吸道感染退伍军人的继发性肺炎球菌病 Lauren A Powers and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e185–e190, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf285 Correspondence（读者来信） 56 Unveiling Latent Risk Patterns in Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteremia: A Deeper Look at Pathogen-Specific Mortality 揭示抗菌药物耐药性菌血症中的潜在风险模式：深入探究病原体特异性死亡率 Yuan-Ti Lee and Shiuan-Chih Chen Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Page e191, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf493 57 Resistance to Antibiotics With High Empiric Treatment Relevance Explains Attributable Mortality Across 110 Pathogen-antibiotic Combinations 对经验性治疗具有高度相关性的抗生素耐药性可解释110种病原体 - 抗生素组合的归因死亡率 Kevin A Brown and Nick Daneman Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e191–e192, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf494 58 Culture Clash: Dual-Pathogen Endocarditis and the Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Studies We Need 文化冲突：双病原体心内膜炎以及我们所需的宏基因组下一代测序研究 Carl Boodman and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e193–e195, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf518 59 Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing and Cardiovascular Infections: Promise and Pitfalls of Polymicrobial Detection 宏基因组下一代测序与心血管感染：多微生物检测的前景与陷阱 Sarwat Khalil and M Rizwan Sohail Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Page e196, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf519 60 It Is Time to Go Beyond the Association Between Colistin and Meropenem for Invasive Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infections 是时候超越多粘菌素和美罗培南联合治疗侵袭性碳青霉烯耐药鲍曼不动杆菌感染了 Alberto Enrico Maraolo and Giancarlo Ceccarelli Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e197–e198, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf533 61 Actually, It May be Time to Return to Colistin and Meropenem in Some Patients Infected With Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) 实际上，对于某些感染碳青霉烯耐药鲍曼不动杆菌（CRAB）的患者，或许是时候重新使用多粘菌素和美罗培南了 Jason M Pogue and Keith S Kaye Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e198–e199, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf534 62 COVID-19 and Bacterial Pneumonia: Protective Effect or Diagnostic Bias? COVID-19和细菌性肺炎：保护作用还是诊断偏差？ Duygu Aydın and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Page e200, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf539 63 Secondary Pneumococcal Disease in Veterans With Viral Respiratory Infections: A Follow Up 患有病毒性呼吸道感染退伍军人的继发性肺炎球菌病：后续研究 John C Hu and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e200–e201, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf540 64 Long-Acting Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine in Viremic People With HIV: Bumpy Road to Perfection 长效卡博特韦/利匹韦林用于病毒载量阳性的HIV感染者：通往完美的坎坷之路 Beatrice Barda and Marco Bongiovanni Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e201–e202, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf482 65 Beyond the Sequence: Operationalizing Whole-Genome Sequencing for Real-time Infection Control in Low- and Middle-Income-Country Healthcare Settings Healthcare Settings 超越序列：在中低收入国家医疗环境中实际应用全基因组测序进行实时感染控制 Schawanya Kaewpitoon Rattanapitoon and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e202–e203, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf535 66 Reassessing Adherence Trajectories in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Recovery Advantage and Hidden Biases 重新评估耐多药结核病的依从性轨迹：康复优势和隐藏偏差 Shiuan-Chih Chen and Chun-Chieh Chen Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e203–e204, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf536 67 Metagenomic Sequencing of Blood Culture Broth for Diagnosing Fastidious Endocarditis 血培养肉汤宏基因组测序用于诊断苛养性心内膜炎 Po-Hsiu Huang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e204–e205, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf554 Corrections（更正） 68 Correction to: Secondary Pneumococcal Disease in Veterans With Viral Respiratory Infections 《患有病毒性呼吸道感染退伍军人的继发性肺炎球菌病》更正 Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Page e206, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf572 69 Correction to: Treatment Outcomes With an Oral Short Course Regimen for Rifampicin-resistant Tuberculosis in a High HIV Prevalence, Programmatic Setting in South Africa 《南非高HIV流行率、项目化环境中口服短程利福平耐药结核病治疗方案的治疗结果》更正 Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Page e207, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf711 Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue Supplement_1 临床传染病学 82卷 增刊1期 https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/82/Supplement_1 SUPPLEMENT（增刊） Laboratory and Point-of-care Testing to Detect Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Review of the Available Evidence 实验室及即时检测技术用于检测沙眼衣原体和淋病奈瑟菌：现有证据综述 SUPPLEMENT ARTICLES（增刊论著） 1 Evidence Review for Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidance Development on the Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae 美国疾病控制与预防中心沙眼衣原体和淋病奈瑟菌检测指南制定证据综述 Amanda C Smith and Ellen N Kersh Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_1, 15 February 2026, Pages S1–S5, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf665 2 Narrative Review of Chlamydia trachomatis Culture, Viability Testing, and Sequencing Methods 沙眼衣原体培养、活性检测及测序方法的叙述性综述 Alana K Sterkel and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_1, 15 February 2026, Pages S6–S12, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf697 3 Culture and Identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: A Narrative Review of Current Laboratory Methods 淋病奈瑟菌培养与鉴定：当前实验室方法叙述性综述 Olusegun O Soge and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_1, 15 February 2026, Pages S13–S18, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf698 4 Review of the Performance of Laboratory-Based Molecular Diagnostics for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae 实验室分子诊断技术检测沙眼衣原体和淋病奈瑟菌的性能综述 Megan Crumpler and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_1, 15 February 2026, Pages S19–S35, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf696 5 Review of Methods for Detecting Antimicrobial Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae 淋病奈瑟菌抗菌药物耐药性检测方法综述 Kara K Mitchell and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_1, 15 February 2026, Pages S36–S42, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf706 6 Point-of-care Tests for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Review of the Literature 沙眼衣原体和淋病奈瑟菌即时检测技术文献综述 Yukari C Manabe and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_1, 15 February 2026, Pages S43–S51, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf699 Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue 2 临床传染病学 82卷 2期 https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/ ID Art Through the Ages（穿越时代的传染病技艺） 1 Interior of the Old Jersey Prison Ship in the Revolutionary War 美国革命战争中老泽西监狱船的内部景象 Mary Grizzard and Michael Grizzard Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Page i, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf693 In the Literature（本期精选） 2 In the Literature 本期精选 Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages ii–v, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag011 IDSA 2025 Collections Editorial（美国传染病学会2025年专题合集社论） 3 2025 Content Collections from the IDSA Journals IDSA期刊2025年内容合集 Roger Bedimo and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 185–186, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag041 State-of-the-Art Review（前沿综述） 4 State-of-the-Art Review: Chagas Disease—an Enduring Challenge 前沿综述：恰加斯病——一个持续存在的挑战 Nelson Iván Agudelo Higuita and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 187–205, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf654 IDSA Features（美国传染病学会特色内容） 5 Policy Recommendations to Support Equitable Access to Long-Acting Injectables for HIV Prevention and Treatment: A Policy Paper of the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the HIV Medicine Association 支持公平获取用于艾滋病毒预防和治疗的长效注射剂的政策建议：美国传染病学会与艾滋病毒医学协会的政策文件 Julia L Marcus and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 206–211, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae648 Voices of ID（传染病之声） 6 A “Terminal Infection” “绝症感染” Jennifer Furin Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 212–214, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf332 Invited Commentary（特邀评论） 7 A Rapid Test to Differentiate Viral From Bacterial Infections: Searching for the Holy Grail 区分病毒与细菌感染的快速检测：寻找“圣杯” Lao-Tzu Allan-Blitz and Jeffrey D Klausner Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 215–218, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf585 Bacterial Infections（细菌感染） 8 Nonoperative Versus Neurosurgical Treatment of Brain Abscess: An Emulated Trial Nested Within a Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort 脑脓肿的非手术治疗与神经外科治疗：一项基于全国人群队列的模拟试验 Emilie Marie Eriksen and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 219–227, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf304 9 What Is the Impact of Anti-Enterococcal Empirical Therapy on Survival of Patients With Enterococcal Bloodstream Infections? 抗肠球菌经验性治疗对肠球菌血流感染患者生存率的影响是什么？ Linda Bussini and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 228–237, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf323 10 Adjunctive Fosfomycin for the Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Pooled Post Hoc Analysis of Individual Participant Data From 2 Randomized Trials 辅助使用磷霉素治疗金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症：两项随机试验个体参与者数据的汇总事后分析 Francesc Escrihuela-Vidal and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 238–245, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf387 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 11 Kinetics of Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Resistance-associated Mutations in HIV-1 Proviral Cellular Reservoirs in Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor-experienced Persons 在接受过非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂治疗的HIV-1感染者中，非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂耐药相关突变在HIV-1前病毒细胞储存库中的动力学 Thomas Drumel and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 246–251, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf430 12 Impact of Different Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors on Body Mass Index Among People With HIV Who Newly Started Antiretroviral Therapy in Shenzhen, China: A Real-World Data Analysis 中国深圳新开始抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV感染者使用不同整合酶链转移抑制剂对体重指数的影响：一项现实数据分析 Lukun Zhang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 252–261, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf466 13 Consequences of Stopping Antiretroviral Treatment in a Persistently Seronegative Individual with HIV-1 HIV-1持续血清阴性个体停止抗逆转录病毒治疗的后果 Marc Wirden and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 262–264, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf422 14 Approaches to the Management of Virologic Failure on Dolutegravir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy in the 50 Countries With the Highest Adult HIV Prevalence 在成人HIV患病率最高的50个国家中，多替拉韦为基础的抗逆转录病毒治疗出现病毒学失败的治疗方法 Cameron T Nutt and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 265–273, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf444 Mycobacterial Infections（结核分枝杆菌感染） 15 Retrospective Cohort Analysis for Identification of Discordant Rifampicin-resistant Xpert MTB/RIF Assay Results in South Kivu, Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, a High Burden Tuberculosis Setting 刚果民主共和国东部南基伍这一结核病高负荷地区，识别利福平耐药不一致的Xpert MTB/RIF检测结果的回顾性队列分析 Bertin C Bisimwa and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 274–281, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf451 16 Prevention of Tuberculosis in Patients Treated With Biological Therapies: 20 Years' Experience in a Specialized Tuberculosis Clinic in a Low-prevalence Country 生物疗法治疗患者中结核病的预防：某低流行国家一个专科结核病诊所20年的经验 Sandra Pérez-Recio and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 282–290, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf491 17 Reducing Household Tuberculosis Transmission: A Pilot Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial 减少家庭内结核病传播：一项试点整群随机对照试验 Cinthya Ruiz-Tagle and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 291–298, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf526 18 (Un)masking Tuberculosis （揭开）结核病的“面具” Joseph N Burzynski and Neil W Schluger Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 299–300, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf528 19 Estimating the Accuracy and Additionality of TB-LAM to Diagnose TB in Children Without HIV (AccuLAM) 评估TB-LAM在无HIV儿童中诊断结核病的准确性和额外价值（AccuLAM） Lucía CarratalàCastro and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 301–303, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf525 Sexually Transmitted Infections（性传播感染） 20 Potential Impact of Doxycycline Post-exposure Prophylaxis Prescribing Strategies on Incidence of Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections 多西环素暴露后预防用药策略对细菌性性传播感染发病率的影响 Michael W Traeger and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 304–311, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad488 21 Filling in the Gaps: Updates on Doxycycline Prophylaxis for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections 填补空白：多西环素预防细菌性性传播感染的最新进展 Aniruddha Hazra and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 312–320, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae062 22 Reported Neurologic Manifestations Among Persons With Syphilis by Stage of Infection—12 States, 2019–2022 2019-2022年12个州按感染阶段划分的梅毒患者报告的神经系统表现 Sarah B Wondmeneh and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 321–325, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf015 Viral Infections（病毒性感染） 23 Investigating the Role of Cytomegalovirus as a Cause of Stillbirths and Child Deaths in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Through Postmortem Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling 通过死后微创组织采样，调查巨细胞病毒在低收入和中等收入国家死胎和儿童死亡原因中的作用 Sithembiso Velaphi and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 326–336, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf098 Photo Quiz（影像问答） 24 Bursting at the Seams “撑破” Maxwell Olenski and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 337–340, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf488 Viral Infections（病毒性感染） 25 Clinical and Epidemiological Investigation of Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Type 2 Outbreak in Pakistan During 2019–2021 2019-2021年巴基斯坦2型疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒疫情的临床和流行病学调查 Nayab Mehmood and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 341–351, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf151 26 Inactivated Polio Vaccine Must Be an Essential Part of Polio Eradication 灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗必须是根除脊髓灰质炎的重要组成部分 Konstantin Chumakov and Stanley A Plotkin Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 352–353, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf215 Photo Quiz（影像问答） 27 Intracranial Lesion in a Patient With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia 慢性髓性白血病患者颅内病变 Mohammed Shakeel Sillat and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 354–357, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf441 Viral Infections（病毒性感染） 28 Respiratory Syncytial Virus Co-Detection With Other Respiratory Viruses Is Not Significantly Associated With Worse Clinical Outcomes Among Children Aged <2 Years: New Vaccine Surveillance Network, 2016–2020 在<2岁的婴幼儿中，呼吸道合胞病毒与其他呼吸道病毒共同检测与临床预后恶化无显著关联：2016-2020年新疫苗监测网络数据 Justin Z Amarin and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 358–365, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf194 29 Transfer of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Specific T Cells in a Pediatric Patient Post-HSCT With Severe, Acyclovir-resistant HSV-1 Infection 一例异基因造血干细胞移植后严重、阿昔洛韦耐药的单纯疱疹病毒1型（HSV-1）感染患儿的HSV-1特异性T细胞的输注 Astrid Wintering and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 366–369, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf125 Clinical Trials（临床实验） 30 Interferon-α Nasal Spray Prophylaxis Reduces COVID-19 in Cancer Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial 干扰素-α鼻喷雾剂预防可降低癌症患者新冠病毒感染率：一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验 Michelle K Yong and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e208–e216, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf409 31 A Phase 3, Randomized Trial Investigating the Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of V116, an Adult-Specific Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine, in Pneumococcal Vaccine-Naïve Adults 18–64 Years of Age at Increased Risk of Pneumococcal Disease, STRIDE-8 一项3期随机试验，调查V116（一种成人特异性肺炎球菌结合疫苗）在未接种过肺炎球菌疫苗且患肺炎球菌疾病风险增加的18-64岁年龄段成人中的安全性、耐受性和免疫原性，STRIDE-8试验 Paul T Scott and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e217–e226, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf604 32 Effect of Direct-from-blood Bacterial Testing on Antibiotics Administration in Adults Presenting With Acute Infection: A Randomized Trial 直接从血液进行细菌检测对急性感染成年患者抗生素给药的影响：一项随机试验 David C Gaston and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e227–e235, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf677 33 The Tantalizing Pursuit for a Perfect Diagnostic Test: Balancing Innovation With Stewardship 对完美诊断检测的诱人追求：平衡创新与管理 K C Coffey and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e236–e238, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf674 Global Health and Neglected Tropical Diseases（全球健康与被忽视的热带病） 34 Diagnostic Accuracy of Tuberculosis Screening Tests in a Prospective Multinational Cohort: Chest Radiography With Computer-Aided Detection, Xpert Tuberculosis Host Response, and C-Reactive Protein 在一项前瞻性多国队列研究中，结核病筛查试验的诊断准确性：计算机辅助检测的胸部X光片、Xpert结核宿主反应检测和C反应蛋白 Rebecca Crowder and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e239–e247, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae549 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 35 Risk Assessment in a Global CVD Prevention Cohort of People With HIV by PCE, PREVENT, and SCORE2 通过PCE、PREVENT和SCORE2对全球心血管疾病预防队列中艾滋病毒感染者进行风险评估 Steven K Grinspoon and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e248–e257, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf542 36 REPRIEVE Analysis of New Cardiovascular Risk Calculators in HIV: Underpredicting Risk Means Preventing Fewer Heart Attacks HIV新心血管风险计算器的REPRIEVE分析：低估风险意味着预防的心脏病发作更少 Matthew S Durstenfeld Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e258–e261, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf543 37 Comparable Inflammatory and Metabolic Outcomes After Switching to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide Versus Continuing Dolutegravir/Lamivudine in Virologically Suppressed Adults With HIV (INSTINCT/GESIDA10918 Study) 在病毒学抑制的HIV感染成人中，转换为比克替拉韦/恩曲他滨/丙酚替诺福韦与继续使用多替拉韦/拉米夫定后的炎症和代谢结局相当（INSTINCT/GESIDA10918研究） Sergio Serrano-Villar and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e262–e274, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf565 38 Tenofovir Alafenamide and Body Weight: Have We Finally Tipped the Scale? 丙酚替诺福韦与体重：我们最终是否打破了平衡？ John R Koethe Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e275–e277, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf566 39 Long-Term Clinical, Immunologic, and Viral Reservoir Outcomes in Children Treated With VRC01LS and 10-1074 Monoclonal Antibodies in the Tatelo Study 在Tatelo研究中，接受VRC01LS和10-1074单克隆抗体治疗的儿童的长期临床、免疫学和病毒储存库结局 Gbolahan Ajibola and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e278–e285, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf568 40 Trends in Persons Prescribed HIV Postexposure Prophylaxis in the United States, 2015–2023 2015-2023年美国开具HIV暴露后预防处方的患者趋势 John N Le and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e286–e295, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf581 Immunocompromised Hosts（免疫功能低下宿主） 41 Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Neutropenic Enterocolitis in Onco-Hematological Patients According to Chemotherapy Regimen 根据化疗方案分析肿瘤血液学患者中性粒细胞减少性肠结肠炎的流行病学、危险因素和预后 Anne-Sophie Brunel and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e296–e307, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf134 42 An Analysis of Cytomegalovirus-Specific Cell-Mediated Immunity in a Phase 3, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Letermovir Prophylaxis in Cytomegalovirus-Seropositive Recipients of an Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant 在一项3期随机、安慰剂对照试验中，分析来特莫韦预防对巨细胞病毒血清阳性异基因造血细胞移植受者巨细胞病毒特异性细胞介导免疫的影响 Genovefa A Papanicolaou and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e308–e315, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf646 43 Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-Specific Cell-Mediated Immunity for Prediction of Postprophylaxis CMV Disease in a Phase 3 Trial of Letermovir Versus Valganciclovir Prophylaxis in Donor CMV-Seropositive/Recipient CMV-Seronegative Kidney Transplant Recipients 在供体巨细胞病毒血清阳性/受体巨细胞病毒血清阴性的肾移植受者中，来特莫韦与缬更昔洛韦预防的3期试验中，巨细胞病毒（CMV）特异性细胞介导免疫对预防后CMV疾病的预测作用 Ajit P Limaye and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e316–e324, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf632 44 The Role of Cytomegalovirus-Specific Cellular Immunity in Transplant Recipients with Letermovir Prophylaxis: To be Determined 来特莫韦预防移植受者中巨细胞病毒特异性细胞免疫的作用：有待确定 Yoichiro Natori and Martina Sester Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e325–e327, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf633 45 IL12RB1 Deficiency Appearing in North America: Expanding the Clinical Phenotypes 北美出现的IL12RB1缺陷：拓展临床表型 Chen Wang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e328–e331, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf637 Vaccines（疫苗） 46 A Phase IV, Open-label, Single-Arm, Multicentric Clinical Trial for Evaluation of Human Papillomavirus 9vHPV Vaccine Immunogenicity in Men Who Have Sex With Men With HIV: GeSIDA Study 10 017 一项评估人乳头瘤病毒9vHPV疫苗在感染HIV的男男性行为者中免疫原性的IV期、开放标签、单臂、多中心临床试验：GeSIDA 10 017研究 Raquel Ron and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e332–e342, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf435 47 Immunogenicity and Safety of the COVID-19 Messenger RNA Vaccine Coadministered With Influenza and 23-valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccines 与流感疫苗和23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗同时接种的COVID-19信使核糖核酸疫苗的免疫原性和安全性 Omid Rezahosseini and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e343–e351, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf455 48 Intestinal Mucosal Immune Responses to Novel Oral Poliovirus Vaccine Type 2 in Healthy Newborns 健康新生儿对新型2型口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗的肠道黏膜免疫反应 Audrey Godin and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e352–e360, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf484 49 Estimated Vaccine Effectiveness for Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Related Acute Respiratory Illness in Older Adults: Findings From the First Postlicensure Season 老年人呼吸道合胞病毒相关急性呼吸道疾病的估计疫苗有效性：首个上市后季节的研究结果 Sara Y Tartof and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e361–e370, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf496 Sexually Transmitted Infections（性传播感染） 50 Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Association Between Mycoplasma genitalium and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) 生殖支原体与盆腔炎性疾病（PID）关联的系统综述和荟萃分析 Kay Htaik and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e371–e379, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae295 51 Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI)/HIV Testing, STIs, and HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Men Who Have Sex With Men and Women in the United States, 2019–2022 2019-2022年美国男男性行为者以及男男性行为者和女性性行为者中性传播感染（STI）/HIV检测、性传播感染和HIV暴露前预防用药情况 Guoyu Tao and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e380–e386, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae314 52 Cabotegravir Maintains Protective Efficacy in the Setting of Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Secondary Analysis of HPTN 083 卡博特韦在细菌性性传播感染情况下维持保护效力：HPTN 083的二次分析 Meredith E Clement and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e387–e395, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae572 Viral Infections（病毒性感染） 53 Comprehensive Analysis of Cardiovascular Events and Risk Factors in Patients Hospitalized With Respiratory Syncytial Virus 对因呼吸道合胞病毒感染住院患者的心血管事件和危险因素的综合分析 Paulina Sudnik and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e396–e403, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf310 54 In Critical Condition: The Urgent Need to Support Mpox Therapeutic and Diagnostic Pipelines 处于危急状况：迫切需要支持猴痘治疗和诊断管线 Carmen Perez Casas and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e404–e408, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf529 Correspondence（读者来信） 55 Caution in Interpreting INSTIs and Weight in Observational Studies 在观察性研究中解读整合酶抑制剂与体重关系时需谨慎 Esteban Martínez Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Page e409, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf569 56 Weight Trajectories With Integrase Inhibitors: Unaddressed Insights and Limitations in a Chinese Cohort 整合酶抑制剂与体重变化轨迹：中国队列中未解决的见解和局限性 Yuan-Ti Lee and Shiuan-Chih Chen Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e409–e410, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf570 57 Real-World Evidence as a Complement to Randomized Trials in Interpreting Weight Gain on Modern INSTI Regimens 现实证据作为随机试验的补充，用于解读现代整合酶抑制剂方案导致的体重增加 Xinsheng Wu and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e410–e411, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf571 58 C-reactive Protein in TB Meningitis: Signal, Surrogate, or Saboteur? 结核性脑膜炎中的C反应蛋白：信号、替代指标还是破坏因素？ Patrick K Moonan and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e411–e412, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf575 59 C-Reactive Protein in Tuberculous Meningitis: A Viable Biomarker for Individualized Care 结核性脑膜炎中的C反应蛋白：个体化护理的可行生物标志物 Lillian Tugume and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e412–e413, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf576 60 The Win Ratio Should Be Complemented by Other Win Statistics to Provide a Comprehensive Picture of Relative and Absolute Treatment Effects: The Case Study of the REPRIEVE Trial 胜利比率应与其他胜利统计数据相结合，以全面呈现相对和绝对治疗效果：REPRIEVE试验案例研究 Melissa J Hardy and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e413–e414, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf587 61 Small Effects, Big Impact: Multiple Win Measures Aid Interpretation, But Do Not Forget the Bigger Picture 效应虽小，影响重大：多种胜利衡量指标有助于解读，但不要忘记整体情况 Emma Davies Smith and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e414–e416, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf588 62 Does Oral Antibiotic Switching Therapy Show Similar Efficacy to Intravenous Administration for Treating Infective Endocarditis? 口服抗生素转换疗法治疗感染性心内膜炎的疗效是否与静脉给药相似？ Jun Suzuki and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e416–e417, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf598 63 Toward a Wider Use of Oral Antibiotic Switch in Infective Endocarditis 朝着更广泛地使用感染性心内膜炎口服抗生素转换疗法迈进 Romane Pouy and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e417–e418, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf599 64 Operationalizing Sepsis Definitions With Artificial Intelligence: Toward Smarter Antibiotic Use 利用人工智能实现败血症定义的落地应用：迈向更明智的抗生素使用 James S Ford and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e418–e419, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf601 65 Balancing Innovation in Artificial Intelligence With Practical Sepsis Definitions 平衡人工智能创新与实用的败血症定义 Chanu Rhee and Michael Klompas Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e419–e420, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf602 66 Precision Prevention of Tuberculosis in Biologic Therapy: Lessons Beyond Screening Strategies 生物疗法中结核病的精准预防：筛查策略之外的启示 Shiuan-Chih Chen and Yuan-Ti Lee Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e420–e421, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf559 67 Recalibrating COVID-19 Booster Policy: Lessons From Hybrid Immunity and Global Equity Gaps 重新调整COVID-19加强针政策：从混合免疫和全球公平差距中吸取教训 Nathkapach K Rattanapitoon and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e421–e422, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf605 Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue 3 临床传染病学 82卷 3期 https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/ ID Art Through the Ages（穿越时代的传染病技艺） 1 Dracunculiasis, 1674 1674年的麦地那龙线虫病 Mary Grizzard and Michael Grizzard Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Page i, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag089 In the Literature（文献聚焦） 2 In the Literature 文献聚焦 Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages ii–iv, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag012 State-of-the-Art Review（前沿综述） 3 State-of-the-Art Review: Managing Vulvovaginal Candidiasis 前沿综述：外阴阴道念珠菌病的治疗 Riina Rautemaa-Richardson and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 371–382, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf673 Ethics Rounds（伦理探讨） 4 CARB Your Enthusiasm: An Ethics-Informed Analysis for Clinicians of the US National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria 谨慎对待抗生素：基于伦理学分析美国国家抗耐药菌行动计划对临床医生的启示 Hunter Jackson Smith and Chelsea Modlin Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 383–388, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf478 Voices of ID（传染病之声） 5 Mothers 母亲们 Maria Koshy Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 389–390, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf338 Bacterial Infections（细菌性感染） 6 The Impact of Synergistic Therapy Between Colistin and Meropenem on Outcomes of People With Pneumonia or Bloodstream Infection Due to Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens 多粘菌素与美罗培南联合治疗对碳青霉烯类耐药革兰氏阴性菌所致肺炎或血行感染患者预后的影响 Mariya Huralska and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 391–398, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf398 7 We Cannot Overcome the Mediocrity of Colistin 我们无法忽视多粘菌素的平庸疗效 Jason C Gallagher Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 399–401, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf592 8 Comparing Clinical, Microbiological, and Genetic Definitions of Relapse in Patients With Subsequent Episodes of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bone and Joint Infection 比较耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌骨关节感染后续发作患者复发在临床、微生物学和遗传学上的定义 Kevin Bouiller and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 402–410, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf448 9 Non-Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase Attributes of the Newer β-lactam/β-lactamase Inhibitors, Part 2: Burkholderia cepacia Complex, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Acinetobacter baumannii 新型β-内酰胺/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂对非肺炎克雷伯菌碳青霉烯酶的抗菌特性，第二部分：洋葱伯克霍尔德菌复合群、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌 Andrew J Fratoni and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 411–419, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf403 Clinical Trials（临床试验） 10 Continuation Versus Temporary Interruption of Immunomodulatory Agents During Infections in Patients With Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases: A Randomized Controlled Trial 炎症性风湿性疾病患者感染期间继续使用与暂时停用免疫调节剂的随机对照试验 Merel A A Opdam and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 420–426, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf442 11 Effectiveness of Nebulized Bronchodilator-Enhanced Sputum Induction in Thai Patients With Presumed Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial (NeB-TB Trial) 泰国疑似肺结核患者中雾化支气管扩张剂增强痰诱导的有效性：一项随机对照试验（NeB-TB试验） Pichanon Mingchay and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 427–435, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf580 12 Bone Biopsy not Superior to Ulcer Bed Biopsy–guided Antibacterial Therapy on Remission of Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial 在指导用于缓解糖尿病足骨髓炎的抗菌治疗方面骨活检并不优于溃疡床活检：一项随机对照试验 Rimke S Lagrand and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 436–442, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf684 13 Do We Need a Bone Biopsy for Managing Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis? 我们是否需要对糖尿病足骨髓炎进行骨活检？ Eric M Senneville and Benjamin A Lipsky Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 443–445, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf685 Critical Care and Sepsis（重症监护与败血症） 14 Contamination of Blood Cultures Drawn From Arterial Catheters Versus Venipuncture or Venous Catheters in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis 危重患者从动脉导管与静脉穿刺或静脉导管采集血培养的污染情况：一项系统综述和荟萃分析 Takatoshi Koroki and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 446–452, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf260 15 Reassessing Procalcitonin-Guided Antibiotic Therapy in Critically Ill Patients With Sepsis: Lessons From the ADAPT-Sepsis Trial 重新评估降钙素原指导的败血症危重患者抗生素治疗：来自ADAPT-败血症试验的启示 Simran Gupta and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 453–458, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf336 Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology（传染病控制与医院流行病学） 16 Effectiveness and Safety of Methods to Prevent Bloodstream and Other Infections and Noninfectious Complications Associated With Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 预防经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管相关血行感染及其他感染和非感染性并发症的方法的有效性和安全性：一项系统综述和荟萃分析 Andreea Dobrescu and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 459–472, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf063 17 Using Generative Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare-Associated Infection Surveillance 利用生成式人工智能进行医院感染监测 Daniel J Morgan and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 473–479, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf619 18 Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Healthcare-Associated Infection Surveillance: Bridging Precision, Partnership, Practice, and People 人工智能与医院感染监测的未来：融合精准、合作、实践与人文 Mamdooh Alzyood Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 480–483, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf620 Infections in Older Adults（老年传染病学） 19 Evaluation of Influenza Antiviral Prophylaxis for Long-term Care Residents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 长期护理机构居民流感抗病毒预防的效果评价：一项系统综述和荟萃分析 Ryan Hanula and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 484–493, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf101 20 Implementation of Diagnostic Stewardship to Improve Urinary Tract Infection Antibiotic Use Across 3 Medical Centers 在三家医疗中心实施诊断管理以改善尿路感染抗生素的使用 Kimberly C Claeys and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 494–500, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf411 Pediatric and Maternal Infectious Diseases（儿科与孕产妇传染病） 21 Adverse Events of First-Line Therapy for Pediatric Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 儿童结核病一线治疗的不良反应：一项系统综述和荟萃分析 Michael Prodanuk and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 501–512, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf152 22 The Impact of Pregnancy on Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes: An Analysis of Brazilian National Surveillance Data 2016–2022 妊娠对结核病治疗效果的影响：基于2016-2022年巴西国家监测数据的分析 Silvia S Chiang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 513–521, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf233 Photo Quiz（影像问答） 23 Persistent Fever and Back Pain After Liver Transplantation 肝移植后持续发热和背痛 Toshiyuki Kishida and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 522–525, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf489 Pediatric and Maternal Infectious Diseases（儿科与孕产妇传染病） 24 Stool Processing Methods for Xpert Ultra Testing in Childhood Tuberculosis: A Prospective, Multicountry Accuracy Study 儿童结核病Xpert Ultra检测的粪便处理方法：一项前瞻性、多国准确性研究 Devan Jaganath and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 526–534, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf289 Photo Quiz（影像问答） 25 A Bloom Beneath the Skin 皮下绽放之花 Yi Rong Chew and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 535–538, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf550 Vector-Borne Diseases（虫媒传染病） 26 Trends in Anaplasmosis Over the Past Decade: A Review of Clinical Features, Laboratory Data, and Outcomes 过去十年无形体病趋势：临床特征、实验室数据和预后回顾 Silpita Katragadda and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 539–547, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf171 27 Completion of Paired Serological Testing Algorithms for Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis and Ehrlichiosis, North Carolina: 2017–2020 斑点热立克次体病和埃里希体病配对血清学检测算法的完成情况，北卡罗来纳州：2017-2020年 Huipeng Liao and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 548–555, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf176 COVID-19/SARS-COV-2（新冠肺炎/严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型） 28 Effect of Metformin on the Risk of Post-COVID-19 Condition Among Individuals With Overweight or Obese: A Population-based Retrospective Cohort Study 二甲双胍对超重或肥胖人群患新冠后综合征风险的影响：一项基于人群的回顾性队列研究 Ubonphan Chaichana and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e423–e432, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf429 29 Preventing Long COVID With Metformin 使用二甲双胍预防新冠长期症状 Carolyn T Bramante and David R Boulware Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e433–e435, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf700 30 Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination and Prior Infections to Reduce Long COVID Risk During the Pre-Omicron and Omicron Periods COVID-19疫苗接种和既往感染在奥密克戎变异株出现前及奥密克戎时期降低新冠长期症状风险的有效性 Sara Carazo and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e436–e445, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf549 31 International Collaboration to Develop and Harmonize Drug Interaction Guidance for Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir During COVID-19: Lessons Learned for Future Pandemic Preparedness 国际合作制定并统一新冠期间奈玛特韦/利托那韦药物相互作用指南：为未来大流行准备汲取的经验教训 Safia Kuriakose and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e446–e454, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf606 Endovascular Infections（血管内感染） 32 Antifungal Therapy in Candida Infective Endocarditis: A Comparison of Echinocandins and Other Treatment Regimens in a Nationwide Cohort Study 念珠菌感染性心内膜炎的抗真菌治疗：一项全国队列研究中棘白菌素与其他治疗方案比较 Siri Kurland and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e455–e461, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf312 33 Should We Extend the Use of Oral Antibiotics in Infective Endocarditis? The ENDO-ORAL Study 我们是否应延长感染性心内膜炎口服抗生素的使用？ENDO-ORAL研究 Benoit Rallet and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e462–e470, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf452 34 Rethinking the Routine: Are Repeat Blood Cultures Necessary After Completion of Infective Endocarditis Treatment? 重新思考常规做法：感染性心内膜炎治疗完成后是否需要重复血培养？ Jean Regina and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e471–e474, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf617 35 Posttreatment Blood Cultures in Patients With Infective Endocarditis: Valuable, Inconsequential, or Worse? 感染性心内膜炎患者治疗后的血培养：有价值、无关紧要还是有害？ Daniel C DeSimone and Larry M Baddour Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e475–e476, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf618 Fungal Infections（真菌感染） 36 Fungal Meningitis in US Patients Who Received Epidural Anesthesia in Matamoros, Mexico 在墨西哥马塔莫罗斯接受硬膜外麻醉的美国患者中的真菌性脑膜炎 Dallas J Smith and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e477–e484, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf399 37 Empirical Antifungal Treatment of Critically ⅢPatients With Influenza-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Propensity Score Weighted Observational Study 流感相关急性呼吸窘迫综合征危重患者的经验性抗真菌治疗：一项倾向评分加权观察性研究 Stefan Hatzl and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e485–e493, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf507 38 Is Empirical Antifungal Therapy the Next Path Forward in Patients With Influenza-Associated ARDS? 经验性抗真菌治疗是否是流感相关急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者的下一步治疗方向？ Florian Reizine and Jean-Pierre Gangneux Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e494–e496, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf508 39 Valley Fever in Central California: Diagnosis is Not the Finish Line, the Real Gap is Longitudinal Care 加利福尼亚州中部山谷热：诊断并非终点，真正的差距在于纵向护理 Geetha Sivasubramanian Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e497–e502, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf728 Hepatitis（肝炎） 40 The Hepatitis C Cascade of Care for Opioid Agonist Therapy Recipients in Australia 澳大利亚接受阿片类激动剂治疗者的丙型肝炎治疗流程 Samara Griffin and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e503–e510, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf352 41 Trends in Hepatitis C Virus Infection Prevalence Among People With HIV in Spain Over 2 Decades (2002–2023) 西班牙20多年来（2002-2023年）HIV感染者中丙型肝炎病毒感染流行率的趋势 Juan Berenguer and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e511–e520, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf407 42 Gaps in the Hepatitis C Prenatal and Postpartum Care Cascade: Rationale for Treatment in Pregnancy 丙型肝炎围产期和产后治疗流程中的差距：孕期治疗的理由 Andrew B Mendlowitz and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e521–e533, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf578 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 43 Combined Use of Ibalizumab and Lenacapavir for the Treatment of Multidrug-resistant HIV-1: A Case Series 艾巴利珠单抗和来那卡帕韦联合治疗多重耐药HIV-1：病例系列研究 Charlotte Rolle and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e534–e540, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf597 44 New Strategies for a Vexing Problem: Injectables to the Rescue for People With Multidrug-Resistant HIV 棘手问题的新策略：注射剂助力多重耐药HIV感染者 William R Short and Onyema E Ogbuagu Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e541–e543, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf600 45 The Bounce-back Effect: What Happens After Cessation of Low-dose Semaglutide in People With HIV 反弹效应：HIV感染者停用低剂量司美格鲁肽后会发生什么 Kristine M Erlandson and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e544–e548, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf652 46 Infections After Kidney Transplantation From Donors With HIV to Recipients With HIV HIV阳性供体肾脏移植给HIV阳性受者后的感染情况 Elizabeth C Arant and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e549–e557, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf656 47 Infections After Kidney Transplantation from Donors with HIV to Recipients with HIV: Insights, Prevention, and the Path Forward HIV阳性供体肾脏移植给HIV阳性受者后的感染情况：见解、预防和未来方向 Abhay Dhand and Stephanie M Pouch Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e558–e560, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf657 Respiratory Infections（呼吸道传染病） 48 Multimorbidity Profiles and Severe In-Hospital Outcomes in Adults With Respiratory Syncytial Virus 成人呼吸道合胞病毒感染的多病共存情况及严重院内结局 Kevin C Ma and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e561–e570, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf405 49 Characterizing Treatment Adherence Trajectories in the endTB Multisite Cohort of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients: An Application of Group-Based Trajectory Modeling 在endTB多站点耐药结核病患者队列中描述治疗依从性轨迹：基于组别的轨迹建模应用 Stephanie Law and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e571–e579, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf467 50 Severity of Clinical Presentation and Outcomes in Hospitalized Adult People With Influenza by Type and Subtype, United States—2017–2020 2017 - 2020年美国按流感类型和亚型划分的住院成人流感患者临床表现严重程度及预后 Seana Cleary and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e580–e588, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf545 51 Reported Tuberculosis Symptoms: An Inadequate Classifier of Disease State 报告的结核病症状：疾病状态分类的不足指标 Nicky McCreesh and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e589–e594, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf611 Sexually Transmitted Infections（性传播感染） 52 Effectiveness of Updated 2023–2024 (Monovalent XBB.1.5) COVID-19 Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB and BA.2.86/JN.1 Lineage Hospitalization and a Comparison of Clinical Severity—IVY Network, 26 Hospitals, 18 October 2023–9 March 2024 2023 - 2024年更新版（单价XBB.1.5）新冠疫苗对SARS-CoV-2奥密克戎XBB和BA.2.86/JN.1谱系住院的有效性及临床严重程度比较——IVY网络，26家医院，2023年10月18日 - 2024年3月9日 Kevin C Ma and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e595–e603, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae405 53 High Prevalence of Haemophilus ducreyi Among Patients With Suspected Primary syphilis in Malawi, 2019–2022 2019 - 2022年马拉维疑似原发性梅毒患者中杜克雷嗜血杆菌的高流行率 Mitch M Matoga and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e604–e611, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf114 54 Characteristics Associated With Disseminated Gonococcal Infections vs Uncomplicated Gonorrhea: A California Case-control Study, 2021–2022 与播散性淋球菌感染（而非单纯性淋病）相关的特征：2021 - 2022年加利福尼亚病例对照研究 Kelly A Johnson and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e612–e615, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf311 Viral Infections（病毒性感染） 55 Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection Progression to Disease Among Men Who Have Sex With Men 男男性行为者肛门人乳头瘤病毒感染进展为疾病的情况 Joel M Palefsky and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e616–e625, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf584 Correspondence（读者来信） 56 Cardiac Complications of Mycoplasma pneumoniae: Overlooked Confounders, Biomarkers, and Host-Driven Shifts 肺炎支原体感染的心脏并发症：被忽视的混杂因素、生物标志物及宿主驱动的变化 Shiuan-Chih Chen and Ming-Cheng Lin Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e626–e627, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf609 57 Mycoplasma pneumoniae–Associated Cardiac Complications Revisited 重新审视肺炎支原体相关心脏并发症 Daniel Grupel and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e627–e628, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf610 58 Screening for Anal Cancer Is Associated With Real Harms and Questionable Benefits 肛门癌筛查存在实际危害且益处存疑 Chris Kenyon Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Page e628, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf613 59 Anal Cancer Screening: A Balanced Approach is Necessary 肛门癌筛查：需采取平衡的方法 Hayden S Andrews and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e628–e629, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf614 60 Collateral Benefits and Methodological Limits of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immunization for Infant Otitis Media and Antibiotic Use 呼吸道合胞病毒免疫接种对婴儿中耳炎和抗生素使用的附带益处及方法学局限 Tsai Ling Ting and Kai-Lun Sheu Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e629–e630, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf640 61 Interpretation of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immunization Impact on Pediatric Acute Otitis Media: Key Considerations 解读呼吸道合胞病毒免疫接种对儿童急性中耳炎的影响：关键考量因素 Inès Fafi and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e630–e631, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf641 62 A Possible Increase in Penicillin-Resistant Strains of Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体青霉素耐药菌株可能增加 Jun Suzuki and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e631–e632, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf643 63 Surveillance of Resistance-Associated Mutations in Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体耐药相关突变的监测 Kai-Hsiang Chen and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e632–e633, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf645 64 Does Empirical Antifungal Therapy Reduce IAPA in Influenza-Associated ARDS? Methodological Concerns on Diagnosis, Surveillance, and Clinical Heterogeneity 经验性抗真菌治疗能否减少流感相关急性呼吸窘迫综合征（IAPA）的发生？诊断、监测和临床异质性方面的方法学问题 Ming Xue and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e633–e634, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf661 65 Empirical Antifungal Therapy and IAPA in Influenza-Associated ARDS: Insights from Real-World Data 流感相关急性呼吸窘迫综合征中的经验性抗真菌治疗和IAPA：来自现实数据的见解 Stefan Hatzl and Robert Krause Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Page e634, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf664 Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue Supplement_2 临床传染病学 82卷 增刊2期 https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/82/Supplement_2 SUPPLEMENT（增刊） Advancing Tuberculosis Research Through RePORT International: Enhancing Treatment Outcomes, Predicting Disease Progression, and Improving Diagnosis 通过结核病区域性前瞻性观察研究国际联盟（RePORT International）推动结核病研究：提高治疗效果、预测疾病进展及改善诊断 SUPPLEMENT ARTICLES（增补论著） 1 A Narrative Review of the Regional Prospective Observational Research in Tuberculosis International Consortium: Sharing Diverse Data and Specimens in the Fight Against Tuberculosis  结核病区域性前瞻性观察研究国际联盟的叙述性综述：在抗击结核病中共享多样数据和样本 Rajita Bhavaraju and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_2, 15 April 2026, Pages S53–S59, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag151 2 Long-term Sequelae of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Narrative Review  长期肺部结核后遗症：一项叙述性综述 Akshay N Gupte and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_2, 15 April 2026, Pages S60–S67, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag123 3 From Exposure to Disease: Predicting Tuberculosis Progression  从接触感染到发病：预测结核病进展 Mariana Araújo-Pereira and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_2, 15 April 2026, Pages S68–S74, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag125 4 Asymptomatic Tuberculosis Across the Disease Spectrum: A Scoping Review of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Public Health Implications  疾病谱中的无症状结核：一项关于流行病学、诊断和公共卫生影响的范围综述 Beatriz Barreto Duarte and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_2, 15 April 2026, Pages S75–S84, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag150 Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue 4 临床传染病学 82卷 4期 https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/ ID Art Through the Ages（穿越时光的传染病学技艺） 1 La Petite Vérole 天花 Mary Grizzard and Michael Grizzard Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Page i, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag118 In the Literature（文献精选） 2 In the Literature 文献精选 Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages ii–v, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag013 Joint Editorial（联合社论） 3 Protocols for Randomized Controlled Trials: Advancing Transparency in Infectious Diseases 随机对照试验方案：推动传染病领域透明度提升 Jean-Jacques Parienti and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Page 557, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag198 Clinical Dilemmas in Infectious Diseases（临床传染病疑难杂症） 4 Uncertain Terrain  不确定的领域 Kap Sum Foong and Sara W Dong Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 558–561, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf283 Voices of ID（传染病之声） 5 Lessons I Learned from Our Soldier  我从我们的士兵身上学到的经验 Mitchell J Schwaber Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 562–563, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf433 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 6 Long-Acting Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine, Lenacapavir, and Ibalizumab Use Among Persons With HIV-1 Viremia at a Ryan White-Funded Clinic in the Urban US South 美国南部城市由瑞安·怀特资助的诊所中，HIV-1病毒血症患者使用长效卡博特韦/利匹韦林、来那卡帕韦和艾巴利珠单抗的情况 Jonathan A Colasanti and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 564–574, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf425 7 In the Mismatch: Viral Suppression Despite Low Tenofovir-Diphosphate in Dried Blood Spots in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study/Women's Interagency HIV Study Combined Cohort 矛盾现象：在多中心艾滋病队列研究/妇女跨机构HIV研究联合队列中，尽管干燥血斑中磷酸替诺福韦水平低，但仍能实现病毒抑制 Sarah C Mann and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 575–582, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf509 8 Prognostic Value of Blood Epigenetic Biomarkers of Aging in Persons With Well-Controlled HIV-1 Infection 血液衰老表观遗传生物标志物在HIV-1感染控制良好人群中的预后价值 Patricia Martínez-Martín and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 583–591, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf537 9 HIV Resistance to Dolutegravir Varies With Coadministered Agents HIV对多替拉韦的耐药性随联合用药的不同而有所差异 Ingrid A Beck and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 592–596, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf481 Immunocompromised Hosts（免疫功能低下宿主） 10 Letermovir Prophylaxis Guided by Cytomegalovirus Cell-Mediated Immunity Improves the Outcomes of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients 基于巨细胞病毒细胞介导免疫的莱特莫韦预防可改善异体基因造血干细胞移植受者的预后 Luxiang Wang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 597–606, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf410 11 Changing Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: A Retrospective National Cohort Study 进行性多灶性白质脑病临床和实验室特征的变化：一项回顾性全国队列研究 Ilaria Mainardi and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 607–617, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf501 12 Respiratory Syncytial Virus After Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy: Risk Factors and Outcomes in a Multicenter Retrospective Cohort 嵌合抗原受体T细胞疗法后呼吸道合胞病毒感染：一项多中心回顾性队列研究中的风险因素和预后 Maria Isabel Sotelo-Alva and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 618–621, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag052 Respiratory Infections（呼吸道感染） 13 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Position Statement: Why IDSA Did Not Endorse the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Guidelines 2025 Update  美国传染病学会（IDSA）立场声明：为何IDSA未认可《2025年社区获得性肺炎指南》更新版 Michael Klompas and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 622–624, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf625 14 We Dissent: Lessons From the 2025 Community-Acquired Pneumonia Guidelines  我们持不同意见：从《2025年社区获得性肺炎指南》中汲取的教训 Leila S Hojat and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 625–629, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf626 15 Associations Between Antibiotic Use and Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia and Positive Respiratory Viral Assays 社区获得性肺炎且呼吸道病毒检测呈阳性住院患者抗生素使用与预后的关联 Brett Biebelberg and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 630–638, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf687 16 Comparative Effectiveness of Azithromycin Versus Doxycycline in Hospitalized Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia Treated With Beta-Lactams: A Multicenter Matched Cohort Study 联合β-内酰胺类药物治疗社区获得性肺炎的住院患者中，阿奇霉素与多西环素疗效的比较：一项多中心匹配队列研究 Yewande E Odeyemi and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 639–647, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf252 17 Target Trial Emulation of Empiric Antibiotics on Clinical Outcomes in Moderately Immunocompromised Patients Hospitalized With Pneumonia 针对中度免疫功能低下肺炎住院患者，经验性抗生素对临床预后的目标试验模拟研究 Louis Saravolatz and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 648–657, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf344 18 Impact of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immunization on the Rate of Pediatric Acute Otitis Media: A Time-series Analysis 呼吸道合胞病毒免疫接种对儿童急性中耳炎发生率的影响：一项时间序列分析 Inès Fafi and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 658–664, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf564 Vaccines（疫苗） 19 LC16m8 for Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Against Mpox in a High-Risk Population: An Open-Label Randomized Trial  使用LC16m8针对高危人群进行猴痘暴露前预防：一项开放标签随机试验 Nobumasa Okumura and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 665–672, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf074 20 Immunogenicity and Safety of 2 Versus 3 Doses of 9-Valent Vaccine Against Human Papillomavirus in Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: The Papillon Randomized Trial 在感染人类免疫缺陷病毒的女性中，接种2剂与3剂九价人乳头瘤病毒疫苗的免疫原性和安全性：Papillon随机试验 Deborah Konopnicki and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 673–681, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf241 21 Screening and Vaccination Rates for Tetanus, Hepatitis A, and Hepatitis B Among Individuals With Substance Use Disorders Hospitalized in an Integrated US Health System 在美国综合医疗机构中住院的成瘾性患者的破伤风、甲型肝炎和乙型肝炎筛查及接种率 Jennifer H Ku and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 682–688, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf251 22 Atrial Fibrillation After Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination Among Older Adults  老年人接种呼吸道合胞病毒疫苗后发生心房颤动的情况 Morgan Birabaharan and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 689–691, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae649 23 Approaches to Comparing Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness to Guide Potential Preferential Product Recommendations 比较流感疫苗有效性的方法，以指导可能的优先产品推荐 Edward A Belongia and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 692–697, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf563 Viral Infections（病毒性感染） 24 Clinical Features and Outcomes of Human Herpesvirus-6 DNAemia in Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective Multicenter Analysis  危重患者人类疱疹病毒6型DNA血症的临床特征和预后：一项回顾性多中心分析 Margot Combet and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 698–708, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf199 25 Kaposi Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus Risk and Disease in Kidney Donors and Transplant Recipients With HIV in the United States 美国HIV感染肾捐赠者和移植受者中卡波西肉瘤相关疱疹病毒的风险和疾病 Puja H Nambiar and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 709–719, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf229 26 Clinical Outcomes of Mpox Disease in Patients Treated With Tecovirimat 接受特考韦瑞治疗的猴痘病患者的临床预后 Ciarra Leocadio and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 720–726, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf520 27 Effective Antivirals in Pandemic Preparedness: Past Mistakes, Future Needs 大流行防范中的有效抗病毒药物：过去的错误，未来的需求 Antonios-Periklis Panagiotopoulos and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 727–733, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf648 Photo Quizzes（影像问答） 28 From Soil to Skin: An Unexpected Cause of Necrotizing Cellulitis 从土壤到皮肤：坏死性蜂窝织炎的意外病因 Erica Peak and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 734–737, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf555 29 A 67-year-Old Immunocompromised Male Presenting With Right Upper-Quadrant Abdominal Pain and Hepatic Lesions 一例67岁免疫功能低下男性，出现右上腹疼痛和肝脏病变 Sara Yousef Zadeh Shoushtari and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 738–741, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf729 Bacterial Infections（细菌性感染） 30 Patient-reported Perceptions, Experiences, and Preferences Around Intravenous and Oral Antibiotics for the Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Descriptive Qualitative Study  金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症患者对静脉和口服抗生素治疗的自我报告认知、体验和偏好：一项描述性质性研究 Genevieve Walls and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e635–e642, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf522 31 Reproducible Identification of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Clinical Subphenotypes  金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症临床亚型的可重复性识别 Maaike C Swets and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e643–e651, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf655 32 Disease Trends and Mortality From Invasive Pneumococcal Disease: A Long-Term Population-Based Study  侵袭性肺炎球菌病的疾病趋势和死亡率：一项长期人群基础研究 Hörður Tryggvi Bragason and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e652–e661, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf670 33 When and How to Use Subcutaneous Antibiotics  皮下注射抗生素的使用时机和方法 Stefano Di Bella and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e662–e673, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf691 Clinical Trials（临床实验） 34 Using the Comparing Oral versus Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (COPAT) Clinical Trial to Influence Institutional Practice Transformation Towards Earlier Transition to Oral Antibiotics  利用口服与肠外抗菌治疗比较（COPAT）临床实验推动机构实践转型，以更早地过渡到口服抗生素治疗 Joy J Juskowich and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e674–e681, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf707 35 The Fate of Oral Meds 口服药物的命运 Monica V Mahoney Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e682–e683, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf708 36 Early Symptom Response in Patients With Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection Treated With Gepotidacin or Nitrofurantoin: Pooled Analysis From Two Pivotal Phase 3 Studies 接受吉泊西汀或呋喃妥因治疗的无并发症尿路感染患者的早期症状反应：两项关键性3期研究的汇总分析 Amanda J Sheets and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e684–e692, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf722 37 Regional Variations of Rates and Determinants of Drug Resistance Mutations in People Failing First-line Therapy for HIV-1: A Substudy from the D2EFT Phase 3b/4 Clinical Trial  HIV-1一线治疗失败人群中耐药突变发生率和决定因素的区域差异：D2EFT 3b/4期临床试验的子研究 Billal Musah Obeng and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e693–e704, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf739 38 What's Hot This Year in ID Clinical Science 2025  2025年传染病临床学科领域的年度热点 Jeffrey A Freiberg and Patty W Wright Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e705–e709, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf740 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 39 Impact of Vaginal Estradiol on the Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause, Vaginal Microbiome and Mucosal Immune Mediators in Women With HIV  阴道雌二醇对HIV感染女性绝经生殖泌尿综合征、阴道微生物群和黏膜免疫介质的影响 Kerry Murphy and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e710–e719, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf669 40 Pharmacokinetics of Twice-daily Tenofovir Alafenamide in Adults With HIV-associated Tuberculosis on Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide and Rifampicin  在接受比克替拉韦/恩曲他滨/丙酚替诺福韦和利福平治疗的HIV相关结核病成人患者中，每日两次丙酚替诺福韦的药代动力学 Emmanuella Chinonso Osuala and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e720–e727, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf732 41 Integrating HIV and Stimulant-Use Disorder Treatment: A Pilot Implementation Effectiveness Trial of Contingency Management in HIV Care  整合HIV和兴奋剂使用障碍治疗：在HIV护理中开展应急管理试点实施效果试验 Ayesha Appa and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e728–e734, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag006 42 Hepatitis B Reactivation in a US Cohort of People With HIV and Hepatitis B Core Antibody After Switch to Antiretroviral Therapy Without Hepatitis B Activity  美国HIV和乙型肝炎核心抗体阳性人群在转换为无抗乙肝病毒活性的抗逆转录病毒治疗后乙型肝炎复发的队列研究 Rachel V Denyer and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e735–e742, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag001 43 Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation in People With HIV After Treatment With Non-hepatitis B Virus-Active Antiretroviral Therapy 接受无抗乙肝病毒活性的抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV感染者乙型肝炎病毒复发情况 Amir M Mohareb and Anders Boyd Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e743–e745, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag002 44 The Potential Effect of Ending Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Funding for HIV Tests: A Modeling Study in 18 States  终止美国疾病控制与预防中心对HIV检测资助的潜在影响：对18个州的建模研究 Ruchita Balasubramanian and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e746–e754, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag038 45 Cutting Federal Funds for HIV Testing Means Not Ending the HIV Epidemic 削减HIV检测的联邦资金意味着无法终结HIV流行 Sarah E Scott and Joshua A Barocas Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e755–e756, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag039 Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology（感染控制与医院流行病学） 46 Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial of Enhanced Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Prevention Program in General Medicine Wards, Siriraj Hospital  西拉查医院普通内科病房强化碳青霉烯类耐药肠杆菌科细菌预防计划的整群随机对照试验 Apiradee Taweesuk and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e757–e764, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf523 47 Risk Factors Associated With Progression to Clinical Candida auris Infection Among Adults With Previous Colonization—Florida, 2019–2023 2019-2023年佛罗里达州既往定植的成人进展为临床耳念珠菌感染的相关风险因素 Katharine E Saunders and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e765–e772, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf551 48 Using Generative Artificial Intelligence to Identify Central Line–associated Bloodstream Infections 利用生成式人工智能识别中心静脉导管相关血流感染 Daniel J Morgan and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e773–e780, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf636 49 Infection Control in Carceral Facilities  监狱设施中的感染控制 Amadin A Olotu and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e781–e790, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf479 50 Infection Prevention and Control in Carceral Settings 监狱环境中的感染预防与控制 April N McDougal and Lara B Strick Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e791–e793, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf480 51 Impact of Discontinuation of Contact Precautions on Healthcare-associated Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in a Large Tertiary Care Hospital: An Interrupted Time-series Analysis  一家大型三级医院停止接触预防措施对医院获得性产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌的影响：一项中断时间序列分析 Stefano Musumeci and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e794–e798, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf594 Respiratory Infections（呼吸道感染） 52 Estimating Risk of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in US Medicare-enrolled Older Adults Following Medically Attended Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease: A Self-controlled Case Series Analysis  美国医疗保险参保老年人因需就医的呼吸道合胞病毒疾病后患吉兰-巴雷综合征的风险评估：一项自我对照病例系列分析 Caihua Liang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e799–e806, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf621 53 Independent Testing to Accelerate the Development of Lateral Flow Assays for Influenza A, Influenza B and SARS-COV-2  独立检测以加速甲型流感、乙型流感和严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型侧流层析检测法的开发 Anuradha Rao and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e807–e815, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf660 54 Diagnostic Yield of Tongue Swab- Compared to Sputum-Based Molecular Testing for Tuberculosis in Four High-Burden Countries  在四个高负担国家，与痰液分子检测相比，舌拭子检测对结核病的诊断效果 Caitlin A Moe and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e816–e823, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag077 55 Are We Ready for the Gift Tongues Can Give to Tuberculosis? 我们准备好接受舌头为结核病诊断带来的“馈赠”了吗？ Michael R Barer Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e824–e825, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag078 Sexually Transmitted Infections（性传播感染） 56 Evaluating the Impact of Implementing and Scaling-Up the Use of Syphilis Rapid/Point-of-Care Tests: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis of New Syphilis Positivity Rates in Alberta, Canada  评估实施和扩大梅毒快速/即时检测使用的影响：加拿大阿尔伯塔省新发梅毒阳性率的中断时间序列分析 L Alexa Thompson and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e826–e835, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf651 57 Human Papillomavirus-Related Anal Precancerous Lesions in Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Comparative Study of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Users and HIV-Positive Individuals  男男性行为者中与人乳头瘤病毒相关的肛门癌前病变：暴露前预防用药者与HIV阳性者的对比研究 Magali Surmont and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e836–e842, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf724 58 Is 3 Really What We Need? Relative Effectiveness of Benzathine Penicillin G and Doxycycline Treatment Regimens for Late or Unknown Duration Syphilis in 6 US Jurisdictions, 2016–2021  我们需要“3”吗？2016-2021年美国6个司法管辖区晚期或病程不明梅毒患者使用苄星青霉素G和多西环素治疗方案的相对疗效 River A Pugsley and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e843–e851, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag099 59 Strong Real-World Evidence That a Single Dose of Benzathine Penicillin G or a 28-Day Course of Oral Doxycycline Is Not Inferior to 3 Doses of Benzathine Penicillin G for the Treatment of Late Latent or Unknown Duration Syphilis 强力现实证据表明，单剂苄星青霉素G或28天口服多西环素治疗晚期潜伏梅毒或病程不明梅毒的疗效并不逊于3剂苄星青霉素G Noah Kojima and Jeffrey D Klausner Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e852–e854, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag101 Vaccines（疫苗） 60 Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of Revaccination With mRNA-1345, an mRNA Vaccine Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Administered 12 Months Following a Primary Dose in Adults Aged ≥50 Years  对≥50岁成年人，在初次接种12个月后再次接种针对呼吸道合胞病毒的mRNA疫苗mRNA-1345的安全性、耐受性和免疫原性 Jaya Goswami and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e855–e862, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf515 61 Analysis of Antibody Markers as Immune Correlates of Risk of Severe COVID-19 in the PREVENT-19 Efficacy Trial of the NVX-CoV2373 Recombinant Protein Vaccine  在NVX-CoV2373重组蛋白疫苗PREVENT-19有效性试验中，抗体标志物作为严重新型冠状病毒肺炎风险免疫相关因素的分析 Youyi Fong and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e863–e874, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf558 62 Is It Time to Reassess the Target Age of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Globally?  现在是时候重新评估全球人乳头瘤病毒疫苗接种的目标年龄了吗？ Edie Brassington and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e875–e883, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf679 63 Preschool or Infant Human Papillomavirus Immunization? 学龄前还是婴儿期接种人乳头瘤病毒疫苗？ Mark A Kane and Eduardo L Franco Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e884–e886, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf678 Correspondence（读者来信） 64 Caution in Interpreting Equivalence From Nonsignificant Findings in Antiretroviral Switch Studies 谨慎解读抗逆转录病毒药物转换研究中非显著性结果得出的等效性结论 Esteban Martinez Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e887–e888, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf675 65 Clarifying INSTINCT: Switching From Dolutegravir/Lamivudine to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Shows Comparable Inflammatory and Weight Outcomes 阐明INSTINCT研究：从多替拉韦/拉米夫定转换为比克替拉韦/恩曲他滨/丙酚替诺福韦显示出相似的炎症和体重结果 Sergio Serrano-Villar and Santiago Moreno Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e888–e889, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf676 66 Can Doxycycline Prophylaxis Indirectly Reduce Congenital Syphilis? 多西环素预防能否间接降低先天性梅毒的发生率？ Kalpana Gopalkrishnan and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e889–e891, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf694 67 The Urgency of Now: Congenital Syphilis in the Doxycycline Post-exposure Prophylaxis Era 迫在眉睫：多西环素暴露后预防时代的先天性梅毒问题 Matthew A Spinelli and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Page e891, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf695 68 Routine HIV RNA Testing During Injectable Cabotegravir and Oral Preexposure Prophylaxis Use 注射用卡博特韦和口服暴露前预防用药期间进行常规HIV RNA检测 Angelo Roberto Raccagni and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e891–e892, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf702 69 Simplifying Testing for Human Immunodeficiency Virus During Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Monitoring 简化暴露前预防监测期间的人类免疫缺陷病毒检测 Weiming Zhu and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e892–e893, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf703 70 Methodological Considerations in Evaluating Oral Antivirals for B-Cell-Depleted Patients 评估B细胞耗竭患者口服抗病毒药物的方法学考量 Wenjing Chen and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e893–e894, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf717 71 Target Trial Emulation of Oral Antivirals for B-Cell-Depleted COVID-19 Patients—Reply to Chen et al B细胞耗竭型新型冠状病毒肺炎患者口服抗病毒药物的靶试验模拟——回复Chen等人的评论 Xiaofeng F Wang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e894–e895, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf718 72 Misleading Conclusion That Is Not in Accordance With the Results of the Reported Randomized, Controlled Trial 与所报告的随机对照试验结果不符的误导性结论 Charlotte Strøm Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e895–e896, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf659 73 Vaccine Policy Pendulum: A Lesson From Japan 疫苗政策摇摆不定：日本的教训 Masaki Machida and Wakaba Fukushima Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e896–e897, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf689 74 Herpes Zoster, Vaccine, and Stroke Risk 带状疱疹、疫苗与中风风险 Shih-Wei Lai and Sheng-Chun Chiu Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e897–e898, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf725 Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue Supplement_4 临床传染病学 82卷 增刊4期 https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/82/Supplement_4 SUPPLEMENT（增刊） IDWeek Industry Highlights 2025 传染病之周2025 行业亮点 SUPPLEMENT ARTICLES（增补论著） 1 Selected Industry Highlights From IDWeek 2025  传染病之周2025 精选行业亮点 Jean-Jacques Parienti and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_4, 15 May 2026, Pages S85–S86, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag206 2 Differing Presentations of Excess Visceral Abdominal Fat in People Living With HIV: Two Clinical Cases Highlighting Distinct Therapeutic Pathways With Tesamorelin and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists  HIV感染者内脏腹部脂肪过多的不同表现：两例临床病例展示特沙莫瑞林与胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂的不同治疗路径 Robin Beach and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_4, 15 May 2026, Pages S87–S91, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag121 3 Metagenomic Next-generation Sequencing in Central Nervous System Infections: Clinical Strategies, Evidence, and Best Practices  宏基因组二代测序在中枢神经系统感染中的应用：临床策略、证据与最佳实践 Greer Waldrop and Sumanth P Reddy Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_4, 15 May 2026, Pages S92–S99, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag120 Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue 5 临床传染病学 82卷 5期 https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/ ID Art Through the Ages（穿越时代的传染病技艺） 1 Vaccination Detail, Detroit Industry 疫苗接种细节，底特律工业 Mary Grizzard and Michael Grizzard Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Page i, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag119 In the Literature（本期精选） 2 In the Literature  本期精选 Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages ii–iv, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag180 Voices of ID（传染病之声） 3 Infected With the Academic Bug 染上学术热 Sigrun Einarsdottir Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 743–744, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf546 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 4 Predictive Value of C-reactive Protein for Hospitalization and Mortality Among People With Advanced HIV Disease in Uganda Receiving the World Health Organization-recommended Package of Care C反应蛋白对乌干达接受世界卫生组织推荐治疗方案的晚期HIV疾病患者住院和死亡的预测价值 Elizabeth L Schwartz and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 745–752, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf560 5 Effects of Semaglutide on Cognitive Function in People With HIV: A Randomized, Controlled Trial 塞马谷肽对HIV感染者认知功能的影响：一项随机对照试验 Ornina Atieh and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 753–761, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf577 6 Earlier Initiation of Treatment Following HIV Acquisition Reduces Non-AIDS-defining Malignancy Risk HIV感染后尽早启动治疗可降低非艾滋病相关性恶性肿瘤风险 Iris A J van der Wulp and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 762–772, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf595 7 Let's Get It Started: Early Antiretroviral Treatment After HIV Acquisition Reduces Non–AIDS-Defining Malignancies 让我们开始吧：HIV感染后尽早启动抗逆转录病毒治疗可减少非艾滋病相关性恶性肿瘤 Nancy Crum Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 773–775, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf596 8 Trends in Age-Related Health Outcomes in People with HIV in Spain, 2006–2023 2006–2023年西班牙HIV感染者年龄相关健康结局的趋势 Javier Martínez-Sanz and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 776–784, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf622 9 Emergent HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Randomized Trials of Contemporary Antiretroviral Regimens 当代抗逆转录病毒方案随机试验中新发HIV-1耐药性 Josep M Llibre and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 785–798, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf471 Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology（感染控制与医院流行病学） 10 Mycobacterium tuberculosis Transmission in Healthcare Settings: A Systematic Review of Frequency, Risk Factors, and Exposure Conditions 医疗机构中结核分枝杆菌传播：频率、危险因素及暴露条件的系统综述 Fizza Manzoor and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 799–807, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag053 Medical Microbiology（医学微生物学） 11 Metagenomic Next-generation Sequencing of Cerebrospinal Fluid: First-year Experience at a Tertiary Referral Hospital 脑脊液宏基因组二代测序：一家三级转诊医院首年经验 Sergio Alvarez Mulett and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 808–814, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf390 12 Navigating Nomenclature in Patient Care: Taxonomy Considerations From the College of American Pathologists’Microbiology Committee 患者诊疗中的命名导航：美国病理学家学会微生物学委员会的分类学考量 Jennifer Dien Bard and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 815–821, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf474 13 Implementing Point-of-Care Testing in Infectious Diseases 在感染性疾病中实施床旁检测 Jean-Claude Nguyen Van and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 822–828, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf650 Mycobacterial Infections（分枝杆菌感染） 14 Impact of Diabetes Mellitus in Tuberculosis (TB) Patients on TB Transmission 糖尿病对结核病（TB）患者TB传播的影响 Chuan-Chin Huang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 829–840, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf647 15 Association of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis With Crohn's Disease: A Large Multicenter Study From a Tuberculosis-Endemic Region 副结核分枝杆菌与克罗恩病的关联：来自结核病流行地区的一项大型多中心研究 Sudheer Kumar Vuyyuru and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 841–847, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf738 16 Short-Course Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy in a High Migration Setting: Early Experience With 1HP in Cook County, Illinois 高移民背景下的短程结核病预防性治疗：库克县（伊利诺伊州）1HP方案的早期经验 Samuel Starke and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 848–851, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf723 17 Role of Low-Dose Infliximab for Inflammatory Complications of Central Nervous System Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study 低剂量英夫利昔单抗在中枢神经系统结核炎性并发症中的作用：一项回顾性队列研究 Selwyn Selva Kumar D and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 852–856, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf573 18 Targeting Inflammation in Tuberculous Meningitis Treatment 靶向结核性脑膜炎治疗中的炎症 Guy E Thwaites Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 857–859, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf574 Pediatric and Maternal Infectious（儿科与孕产妇感染） 19 A 15-year Single-center Analysis of Late-onset Group B Streptococcus Infection Correlating Clinical Severity With Pathogen Virulence Determinants 晚发型B族链球菌感染的15年单中心分析：临床严重程度与病原体毒力因子的相关性 Carl Britto and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 860–867, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf603 20 Evaluating Personal and Environmental Decolonization Strategies for Children With Skin and Soft Tissue Infection and Their Households — A Randomized Clinical Trial 评估皮肤和软组织感染儿童及其家庭的个人与环境去定植策略——一项随机临床试验 Alaina L Robinson and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 868–877, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf627 Surgical Infectious Diseases（外科感染） 21 Impact of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE)–Active Perioperative Prophylaxis in Liver Transplant Patients Colonized by VRE  万古霉素耐药肠球菌（VRE）主动围手术期预防对VRE定植肝移植受者的影响 Giulia Jole Burastero and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 878–887, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf121 22 Cephalosporins Versus Non-cephalosporin Antibiotics for Perioperative Prophylaxis in Primary Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 头孢菌素与非头孢菌素类抗生素在初次关节置换术围手术期预防中的比较：系统综述与荟萃分析 Rita Igwilo-Alaneme and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 888–900, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag172 Photo Quizzes（影像问答） 23 Safari Souvenir: A Case of Fever in a Returning Traveler safari纪念品：一例返程旅行者发热病例 Nicole L Kusnik and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 901–903, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag129 24 Diagnostic Pitfalls—When First Appearances Can Deceive 诊断陷阱——当表象具有欺骗性 Annie Caldwell and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 904–907, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag044 Clinical Trials（临床试验） 25 Evaluation of a Remote Therapeutic Monitoring Device and Integrated Care Platform in Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy  远程治疗监测设备与综合护理平台在门诊肠外抗微生物治疗中的评估 Emily A Siegrist and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e899–e909, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag009 26 Dolutegravir Reduces Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Proviral Load and Improves Neurological Outcomes in a Phase 2 Controlled Trial  多替拉韦降低人T淋巴细胞病毒1型前病毒载量并改善神经系统预后：一项2期对照试验 Carlos Brites and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e910–e920, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag163 27 Dolutegravir Appears to Lower Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Proviral Load: The Emerging Rational Approach to Treatment of HTLV-1–Associated Myelopathy  多替拉韦似乎可降低人T淋巴细胞病毒1型（HTLV-1）前病毒载量：HTLV-1相关脊髓病治疗的新兴理性方法 Eric A Meyerowitz Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e921–e922, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag164 COVID-19 / SARS COV-2（新冠肺炎/严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型） 28 Overlapping Clinical Presentation of Long COVID and Postacute COVID-19 Vaccination Syndrome: Phenotypes, Severity, and Biomarkers  长效新冠与急性新冠疫苗接种后综合征的临床表现重叠：表型、严重程度及生物标志物 Lawrence Purpura and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e923–e931, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf624 29 Integrating Genomic Data into Test-negative Designs for Estimating Lineage-specific COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness 将基因组数据整合入检测阴性设计以估计谱系特异性COVID-19疫苗有效性 Kevin C Ma and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e932–e941, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag059 Hepatitis（肝炎） 30 Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in People With HIV  HIV感染者经直接抗病毒药物治疗丙型肝炎病毒后肝细胞癌的风险 Daniela K van Santen and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e942–e950, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf635 31 Fatal Overdose, Acute Viral Hepatitis, and HIV Attributed to Injection Drug Use, Appalachian Region of the United States, 2000–2023 阿巴拉契亚地区2000–2023年注射吸毒导致的致命过量、急性病毒性肝炎及HIV Danae Bixler and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e951–e959, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf730 32 Estimated Hepatitis C Prevalence and Viral Clearance Using Residual Sera From a Large Commercial Laboratory: November 2023–September 2024 利用大型商业实验室剩余血清估算丙型肝炎患病率及病毒清除率：2023年11月至2024年9月 Megan G Hofmeister and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e960–e966, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag007 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 33 State AIDS Drug Assistance Programs’Contribution to the US Viral Suppression, 2015–2022  美国各州艾滋病药物援助项目对全美病毒抑制的贡献，2015–2022年 Kathleen A McManus and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e967–e973, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag034 34 Centering AIDS Drug Assistance Programs in the US HIV Response 将艾滋病药物援助项目置于美国HIV应对的核心 Benjamin P Linas Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e974–e975, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag035 35 Association of Immunodeficiency and HIV Viremia With Cervical Precancer and Cancer Risk Among Women With HIV in South Africa  南非HIV感染女性中免疫缺陷和HIV病毒血症与宫颈癌前病变及癌症风险的关联 Yann Ruffieux and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e976–e983, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag093 36 Antiretroviral Activity, Pharmacokinetics, and Safety of MK-8527, an Oral Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Translocation Inhibitor, in Adults With HIV-1 Who Had Not Previously Taken Antiretroviral Agents: Results From 2 Open-Label, Phase 1 Studies  MK-8527（一种口服核苷逆转录酶转位抑制剂）在既往未接受过抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV-1感染成人中的抗逆转录病毒活性、药代动力学及安全性：来自两项开放标签1期研究的结果 Russ P Carstens and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e984–e991, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag135 37 Point-of-Care Urine Tenofovir Drug-Level Feedback Counseling Improves Long-Term Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Adherence for US Men Who Have Sex With Men in Pilot RCT  床旁尿液替诺福韦药物浓度反馈咨询改善美国男男性行为者长期暴露前预防用药依从性——一项先导随机对照试验 Matthew A Spinelli and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e992–e995, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag080 Mycobacterial Infections（分枝杆菌感染） 38 Diagnostic Accuracy of the STANDARD F TB-Feron FIA Assay for Tuberculosis Infection in Vietnam: A Cross-Sectional Study  STANDARD F TB-Feron FIA检测在越南结核感染诊断中的准确性：一项横断面研究 Han Thi Nguyen and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e996–e1004, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf561 39 Asymptomatic Tuberculosis in Children With Household Exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis  有结核分枝杆菌家庭接触史儿童中的无症状结核病 Humphrey Mulenga and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1005–e1013, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf562 40 Insights into the Role of Rifampicin Exposure and Clinical Baseline Covariates on the Response to Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treatment  利福平暴露及临床基线协变量对肺结核治疗反应影响的深入认识 Marie Wijk and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1014–e1022, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf586 41 Tuberculosis Infection Screening Recommendations for Targeted Immunotherapies: Comparison of US Prescribing Information, Clinical Resources, and Quality Measures  靶向免疫治疗的结核感染筛查建议：美国处方信息、临床资源与质量指标的比较 Matthew T Murrill and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1023–e1035, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf628 42 Pharmacokinetics of Dexamethasone in Tuberculous Meningitis  地塞米松在结核性脑膜炎中的药代动力学 Jose M Calderin and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1036–e1042, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf642 43 One Piece in the Puzzle of Tuberculous Meningitis: Dexamethasone Pharmacokinetics 结核性脑膜炎拼图中的一块：地塞米松药代动力学 Tjip S van der Werf and Marieke G G Sturkenboom Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1043–e1044, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf644 44 Future Prospects for Using Clinical Phenotypes in Tuberculosis Precision Medicine—An Approach for Clinical Management  临床表型用于结核精准医学的未来前景——一种临床管理方法 Katarina Niward and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1045–e1052, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf663 Pediatric and Maternal Infectious Diseases（儿科与孕产妇感染） 45 Maternal, Pregnancy, and Infant Outcomes in Women Treated for Multidrug-Resistant/Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis With Novel and Repurposed Drugs in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa  南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省接受新型及重新利用药物治疗耐多药/利福平耐药结核病的女性的母婴预后 Marian Loveday and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1053–e1062, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf593 46 Pregnant Women With Multidrug-Resistant/Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis and the All-Oral 6-Month Regimen: Experiences From a Patient Series in South Africa  南非耐多药/利福平耐药结核病孕妇与全口服6个月方案：一例系列患者的经验 Marian Loveday and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1063–e1071, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag032 47 Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Shedding and T-cell Immune Responses in HCMV-seropositive Women During Pregnancy and Postpartum: Prevalence, Natural History, and Risk Factors  HCMV血清阳性女性孕期及产后人巨细胞病毒（HCMV）排毒和T细胞免疫应答：患病率、自然史及危险因素 Shari Sapuan and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1072–e1082, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag076 Vaccines（疫苗） 48 Safety and Immunogenicity of a Fourth Dose of Omicron BA.1–Adapted BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccines in Adults 18–55 Years Old  奥密克戎BA.1适配BNT162b2 COVID-19疫苗第四剂在18–55岁成人中的安全性和免疫原性 Patricia Winokur and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1083–e1092, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag026 49 Immunogenicity and Safety of the AS01E-adjuvanted Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Prefusion F Protein Vaccine in Adults Aged 18–49 Years at Increased Risk of RSV Disease Compared with Adults Aged ≥60 Years  AS01E佐剂呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）预融合F蛋白疫苗在18–49岁RSV高风险成人中与≥60岁成人的免疫原性和安全性比较 Essack Mitha and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1093–e1103, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag058 50 Real-World Effectiveness of RSVpreF and RSVpreF3 Vaccines in Preventing Hospitalization and Emergency Department Visits Associated With Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Older Adults: A Meta-analysis  RSVpreF和RSVpreF3疫苗在预防老年人RSV相关住院和急诊就诊中的真实世界有效性：一项荟萃分析 Dewan Md Sumsuzzman and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1104–e1111, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag107 51 Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Interim Findings From a Phase 3 Trial of mRNA-1345  实体器官移植受者的呼吸道合胞病毒疫苗接种：mRNA-1345三期试验中期结果 Erick F Mayer and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1112–e1121, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag108 Photo Quiz（影像问答） 52 Crusted, Chronic, and Confusing  结痂、慢性化与困惑 Luisa Hurtado-Rossi and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1122–e1125, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf583 Correspondence（读者来信） 53 Unmasking the Hidden Guests: Referral and Secondary Infection Biases in Cutibacterium Endocarditis 揭开隐藏的访客：Cutibacterium心内膜炎中的转诊偏倚和二次感染偏倚 Shuo Li and Lin Wang Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Page e1126, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf733 54 Reply to Willoughby on the Demise of the Milwaukee Protocol for Rabies 对Willoughby关于密尔沃基狂犬病方案终结的回复 Alan C Jackson and Thiravat Hemachudha Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1126–e1127, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf734 55 Estimating Vaccine Effectiveness Against Symptomatic Infection From Its Effectiveness Against Asymptomatic Infection 从无症状感染的疫苗有效性估算有症状感染的疫苗有效性 Eyal Shahar Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1127–e1128, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf735 56 Contextualizing On-Therapy Resistance Development With Novel Antibiotics: Interplay Between Timing of Therapy Initiation and Critical Illness–Linked Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Unpredictability 新型抗生素治疗中耐药产生的情境化解读：治疗启动时机与危重疾病相关药代动力学/药效学不可预测性之间的相互作用 Dilip Dubey and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1128–e1129, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag010 57 The Clinical Thermometer as the First Home Test for Infectious Disease 临床体温计：感染性疾病的首个家用检测工具 Michele Augusto Riva Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1129–e1130, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag030 58 Methodology Misrepresented: Correcting the Record on the American Thoracic Society Community-acquired Pneumonia Guideline Process 方法论被歪曲：更正美国胸科学会社区获得性肺炎指南制定过程的记录 Kevin C Wilson and Eyal Oren Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1130–e1131, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag040 59 Misleading Comments About the Impact of Early Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccination on Neonatal and Infant Mortality 关于早期卡介苗接种对新生儿和婴儿死亡率影响的误导性评论 Peter Aaby and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1131–e1132, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag065 60 Questioning Non-inferiority: Methodological Concerns in the Meta-analysis of Oral vs Intravenous Therapy for Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia 质疑非劣效性：金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症口服与静脉治疗荟萃分析中的方法学问题 Dawd S Siraj and Fauzia Hollnagel Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1132–e1133, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag070 61 Problems With Electronic Health Record Penicillin Allergy Mislabeling and Recommendations for Their Correction 电子健康记录中青霉素过敏标注错误的问题及纠正建议 David J Witt and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Page e1134, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag086 62 Complex Problem, Digital Cure? Rethinking Penicillin Allergy Relabeling Using Technology-Enabled Care 复杂问题，数字解药？利用技术赋能护理重新思考青霉素过敏重新标注 Elise A Mitri and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1135–e1137, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag084 Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue Supplement_5 临床传染病学 82卷 增刊5期 https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/ SUPPLEMENT（增刊） ADVANCE-ID: Conducting Innovative Clinical Trials and Promoting Access for Antibiotics in Asia ADVANCE-ID：在亚洲开展创新临床试验并推动抗生素可及性 SUPPLEMENT ARTICLES（增补论著） 1 Advancing Clinical Evidence in Infectious Diseases: An Infectious Diseases Clinical Trials Network for Asia, the “Antimicrobial Resistance Hot Zone” 推进感染病临床证据：面向亚洲——这一"耐药热点区域"——的感染性疾病临床试验网络 David L Paterson Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_5, 15 June 2026, Pages S101–S104, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag122 2 Global Survey on the Management of Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative Bacilli: Divergence of Practice Between High-Income Countries and the Rest of the World 多重耐药革兰阴性杆菌管理的全球调查：高收入国家与世界其他地区的实践差异 Abi Manesh and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_5, 15 June 2026, Pages S105–S115, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag025 3 Efficacy and Safety of Newer Antibiotics Versus Generic Antibiotics for Hospital-Acquired and Ventilator-Associated Bacterial Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials 新型抗生素与仿制抗生素治疗医院获得性及呼吸机相关性细菌性肺炎的疗效与安全性：随机对照试验的系统综述与荟萃分析 Anh T K Nguyen and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_5, 15 June 2026, Pages S116–S125, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag045 4 Antibiotic Clinical Trials: A Review of the Past, Present Challenges, and Potential Solutions 抗生素临床试验：回顾过去、当前挑战及潜在解决方案 Melissa J Hardy and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_5, 15 June 2026, Pages S126–S137, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag017 5 Considerations in Designing Clinical Trials of Novel Antibacterial Agents Using a Superiority Design 采用优效性设计开展新型抗菌药物临床试验的考量 David L Paterson and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_5, 15 June 2026, Pages S138–S146, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag207 6 Consent Modes and Consent Rates in Randomized Controlled Trials for Severe Infections: A Scoping Review 严重感染随机对照试验中的知情同意方式与同意率：范围性综述 Yiyun Shou and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_5, 15 June 2026, Pages S147–S153, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf715 7 Challenges to Accessing Newer Antibiotics for Multidrug-resistant Bacterial Infections in Asia: A Literature Review of Multi-Stakeholder Perspectives 亚洲多重耐药细菌感染中获取新型抗生素的挑战：多利益相关方视角的文献综述 Alec F Aligui and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_5, 15 June 2026, Pages S154–S161, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag024 Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue 6 临床传染病学 82卷 6期 https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/ ID Art Through the Ages（传染病艺术长河） 1 Cover Illustration for Camus' The Plague, 1948  加缪《鼠疫》封面插画，1948年 Michael B Grizzard and Mary Grizzard Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Page i, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag182 In the Literature（文献札记） 2 In the Literature  文献札记 Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages ii–v, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag181 State-of-the-Art Review（前沿综述） 3 State-of-the-Art Review: Contemporary Ambulatory Approach to Adult Fever of Unknown Origin  前沿综述：成人不明原因发热的当代门诊诊疗方案 William F Wright and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 909–926, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag158 Ethics Rounds（伦理巡诊） 4 Antibiotics in Hospice: Applying the Four-Quadrant Approach to Improve Patient-Centered Care  安宁疗护中的抗菌药物使用：运用四象限诊疗模式优化以患者为中心的照护 Patrick D Crowley and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 927–930, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag057 Voices of ID（传染病之声） 5 I Died—and Was Brought Back to Life—Twice  我两次濒死，又重获新生 Richard E. Sutton Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 931–933, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf612 Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship（抗生素耐药与管理） 6 Using Encounter-Level Data for Risk-Adjustment of Antimicrobial Use Comparisons: Feasibility and Variable Selection  利用就诊层面数据开展抗菌药物使用对比的风险校正：可行性与变量筛选研究 Rebekah W Moehring and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 934–943, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf682 7 Moving Closer to Patient-Level Risk Adjustment for Hospital Antimicrobial Use  推进住院患者抗菌药物使用的个体化风险校正体系构建 Jonathan D Baghdadi and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 944–945, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf683 8 Macrolide and Nonmacrolide Resistance After 36 Months of Mass Azithromycin Distribution in Burkina Faso: A Cluster Randomized Trial  布基纳法索大规模阿奇霉素分发36个月后大环内酯类与非大环内酯类耐药情况：一项整群随机对照试验 Catherine E Oldenburg and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 946–953, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag051 9 Using Probability of Community-Acquired Pneumonia to Tailor Antimicrobials Among Inpatients: A Pragmatic, Randomized Trial  基于社区获得性肺炎发病概率为住院患者个体化选用抗菌药物：一项实用性随机对照试验 Jonathan D Baghdadi and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 954–961, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag126 10 ALARA in Antimicrobial Stewardship: Adapting Radiation Safety Principles to Address Antibiotic Overuse  抗菌药物管理中的ALARA原则：借鉴辐射安全理念管控抗生素过度使用 Zachary T Aldewereld and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 962–967, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf688 Clinical Practice and Policy（临床实践与医疗政策） 11 Assessment of an Infectious Disease eConsult Service at a Large Mid-Atlantic Healthcare System  美国中大西洋大型医疗体系感染病线上会诊服务应用效果评估 Ava Hunt and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 968–970, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf736 12 H.U.S.T.L.E: A Consult Fitness Guide for Infectious Diseases Providers  H.U.S.T.L.E指南：感染科医师会诊工作实操指南 Gonzalo Bearman and Priya Nori Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 971–975, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf672 13 More Than a Message: Death by a 1000 “Chats” 不止简单文字沟通：无休止线上问诊带来的诊疗困境 Darcy Wooten and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 976–978, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag094 14 The Erosion of a Pillar of Public Health: ACIP's Role and the Future of US Vaccine Policy Post-June 2025  公共卫生支柱职能削弱：美国免疫实践咨询委员会的职能变迁与2025年6月后疫苗政策走向 Edwin J Asturias and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 979–985, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag042 15 Worldwide Impact of ACIP's 2025 Overhaul  2025年美国免疫实践咨询委员会政策修订的全球影响 Louis Bont and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 986–987, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag043 Hepatitis（肝炎） 16 Trends in Reflexive Hepatitis C Virus Testing in a National US Laboratory: A Retrospective Study From 2018 to 2024  美国国家级实验室丙型肝炎病毒 reflex联动检测趋势：2018–2024年回顾性研究 Min Kyung Lee and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 988–992, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag227 17 Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir Concentrations in the Breastmilk of Postpartum Women With Opioid Use Disorder Receiving Treatment for Hepatitis C Virus: A Pharmacokinetic Study  合并阿片类物质使用障碍的产后丙肝治疗女性母乳中索磷布韦/维帕他韦药物浓度：药代动力学研究 Catherine A Chappell and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 993–996, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf443 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 18 Incidence of Community-acquired Pneumonia and Herpes Zoster in People With HIV Based on CD4 Count and Age in the Current Antiretroviral Therapy Era: A Longitudinal Cohort Study  当前抗逆转录病毒治疗时代，基于CD4计数与年龄划分的HIV感染者社区获得性肺炎、带状疱疹发病风险：一项纵向队列研究 Elsemieke te Linde and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 997–1006, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf686 19 Switch to Bictegravir/Tenofovir Alafenamide/Emtrictabine or Dolutegravir + Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtrictabine in Virologically Suppressed People With HIV: Outcomes in Real-world Setting With and Without Tenofovir Resistance  病毒学抑制HIV感染者转换为比克替拉韦/丙酚替诺福韦/恩曲他滨方案或多替拉韦+富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯/恩曲他滨方案：有无替诺福韦耐药人群真实世界转归 Alain Makinson and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1007–1014, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf726 20 Hepatitis B Outcomes After Switching to Long-Acting Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine in People With HIV: Reactivation, Incident Infection, and Liver Safety Across Diverse Serological Profiles  HIV感染者转换长效卡博特韦/利匹韦林后的乙肝转归：病毒再激活、新发感染及不同血清学状态下肝脏安全性 Alberto Foncillas and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1015–1022, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag023 21 Virological Failure on Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine: An Analysis of Subtypes, Drug Levels, Resistance, and Therapeutic Implications  长效注射卡博特韦联合利匹韦林治疗发生病毒学失败：亚型、血药浓度、耐药突变及临床诊疗意义分析 Maria Mazzitelli and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1023–1031, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag046 22 What Are the Causes and Consequences of Virological Failure on Long-acting Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine?  长效卡博特韦/利匹韦林方案病毒学失败的诱因与临床后果 Andrew Hill and Chloe Orkin Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1032–1034, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag047 Parasitic Infections（寄生虫感染） 23 Cerebral Malaria and Severe Malarial Anemia, but not Other Forms of Severe Malaria, Are Associated With Long-Term Cognitive Impairment  脑型疟疾与重症疟疾性贫血（其余重症疟疾亚型除外）与远期认知损伤相关 Paul Bangirana and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1035–1041, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf712 24 Not All Forms of Severe Malaria Impair Long-term Cognition—More Characterization, More Questions  并非所有重症疟疾均会造成长期认知损害——仍需更多分层研究与探索 Karl B Seydel and Stephen T J Ray Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1042–1043, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf713 25 Frequent Plasmodium ovale Recurrence in Coastal Tanzania  坦桑尼亚沿海地区卵形疟原虫高复发率研究 Kelly Carey-Ewend and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1044–1051, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag199 26 Invisible Malarias  隐匿性疟疾 J Kevin Baird Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1052–1053, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag201 Sexually Transmitted Infections（性传播疾病） 27 A Pilot, Randomized Controlled Trial of Dual Daily HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infection Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Using Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine and Doxycycline in Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women: The DuDHS Study  男男性行为人群及跨性别女性每日口服HIV联合性病暴露前预防（富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯/恩曲他滨加多西环素）先导随机对照试验：DuDHS研究 Troy Grennan and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1054–1062, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf043 28 A New Choice for Doxycycline Prophylaxis  多西环素暴露前预防新选择 Jeffrey D Klausner Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1063–1064, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf044 29 Antimicrobial-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections in Men Using Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis: A Substudy of the ANRS 174 DOXYVAC Trial  服用多西环素暴露后预防男性的耐药淋病奈瑟菌感染情况：ANRS 174 DOXYVAC子研究 Béatrice Berçot and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1065–1074, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf591 30 Sustained Effectiveness of Doxycycline Post-Exposure-Prophylaxis in a Large Sexual Health Clinic Over 96 Weeks: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis  大型性病诊疗中心多西环素暴露后预防96周持续有效率：间断时间序列分析 Matthew A Spinelli and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1075–1078, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf234 Photo Quiz（影像问答） 31 A 3-Year-Old Girl With a Chest Wall Mass  3岁女童胸壁肿块一例 Deema Gashgarey and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1079–1081, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag028 32 Why Are Gonorrhea Case Rates Declining in the United States? A Research Agenda  美国淋病报告病例数下降原因：后续研究方向展望 Kirstin I Oliveira Roster and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1082–1090, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf690 33 Fever in a Man with Uncontrolled HIV  HIV控制不佳男性发热病例 Tristan Jones and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1091–1095, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag056 Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship（抗生素耐药与管理） 34 Human Cases of Carbapenemase-Producing Escherichia coli Linked to Spread Between Animals and the Environment in a Veterinary Facility—Massachusetts, USA, 2023  2023年美国马萨诸塞州：动物诊疗机构内动物与环境传播引发人感染产碳青霉烯酶大肠埃希菌病例 Ian M DeStefano and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1138–e1144, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf541 35 Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales in Pets: A New Threat From Veterinary Clinics  宠物携带产碳青霉烯酶肠杆菌目细菌：动物诊所带来的新型感染威胁 Vincent Perreten and Andrea Endimiani Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1145–e1147, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf544 36 Direct Oral Challenge for Penicillin Allergy: The International Network of Antibiotic Allergy Nations (iNAAN) Study  青霉素过敏口服药物激发试验：国际抗生素过敏协作网络（iNAAN）研究 Elise A Mitri and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1148–e1162, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag082 37 Direct Oral Challenge for Penicillin Allergy: A Hospital Implementation Evaluation Via the International Network of Antibiotic Allergy Nations (iNAAN) Study  青霉素过敏口服激发试验院内落地实施效果评估——基于国际抗生素过敏协作网络（iNAAN）研究 Elise A Mitri and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1163–e1170, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag083 Bacterial Infections（细菌感染） 38 Clinical Manifestations, Long-Term Trends, and Risk Factors for Treatment Failure in Native Vertebral Osteomyelitis: A 26-Year Mayo Clinic Experience  原发性椎体骨髓炎临床表现、26年长期发病趋势及治疗失败危险因素：梅奥诊所单中心经验 Takahiro Matsuo and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1171–e1180, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag048 39 The Management of Native Vertebral Osteomyelitis Remains Unchanged: Are Additional Trials Necessary?  原发性椎体骨髓炎诊疗方案无实质性更新：是否仍需开展更多临床试验？ Werner Zimmerli Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1181–e1183, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag049 40 Clinical Characteristics and Survival of Hospitalized Anthrax Patients with Pleural, Pericardial, or Peritoneal Fluid Collections  合并胸腔、心包、腹腔积液的住院炭疽患者临床特征与生存预后 Jon-Erik C Holty and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1184–e1193, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag113 41 Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections: From an Invisible Impact to a Visible Change in Complex Care  单纯性尿路感染：从隐匿疾病负担到复杂诊疗体系的诊疗变革 Rafael Cantón and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1194–e1199, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf705 Emerging Infections（新型感染） 42 Six Cases of Borealpox and Evidence of a Zoonotic Source: Alaska, 2020–2023  2020–2023年阿拉斯加6例北极痘病例及动物源性传播证据 Eric Q Mooring and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1200–e1207, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf497 43 Measles Without Rash During Acute Febrile Illness Surveillance in Tanzania, 2023–2024  2023–2024年坦桑尼亚急性发热监测中无皮疹麻疹病例 Saning'o Lukumay and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1208–e1215, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf582 44 Melioidosis Complicated by Native Valve Endocarditis in a Traveler Returning From Thailand to the United States  泰国归国旅行者罹患类鼻疽合并原生瓣膜心内膜炎 Akash Gupta and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1216–e1221, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag003 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 45 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Survival in People With and Without HIV in the United States, 2001–2019  2001–2019年美国HIV阳性与阴性人群肝细胞癌生存预后对比 Jennifer K McGee-Avila and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1222–e1231, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag137 46 Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events With Dolutegravir Versus Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Therapy: Emulated Target Trials Using Routine, De-identified Data From South Africa  多替拉韦方案对比依非韦伦方案抗逆转录病毒治疗重大心血管不良事件风险：基于南非匿名常规医疗数据的模拟目标试验 Jienchi Dorward and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1232–e1241, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag155 47 Patterns of HIV-1 Viral Load Suppression and Drug Resistance During the Dolutegravir Transition: A Population-based Longitudinal Study  全面切换多替拉韦治疗期间HIV-1病毒载量抑制水平与耐药突变特征：一项人群纵向研究 Michael A Martin and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1242–e1251, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag161 48 Renal and Cardiovascular Complications Following Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in People With and Without HIV: Data From the Cohort Study on Morbidity and HIV in Sweden (COSMOHS) Between 2010 and 2024  合并2型糖尿病的HIV感染者与非感染者肾脏及心血管并发症：瑞典HIV发病队列研究（COSMOHS）2010–2024数据 Isabela Killander Möller and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1252–e1261, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag261 49 Progression Risk in Cancer Patients with HIV Compared with Cancer Patients Without HIV  HIV阳性肿瘤患者相较于阴性患者的疾病进展风险 Derek Schneider and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1262–e1265, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag170 Infections in Older Adults（老年人群感染） 50 Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Among Older Adults With an Acute Respiratory Infection: A Prospective Study in Six European Countries  急性呼吸道感染老年患者呼吸道合胞病毒疾病负担：欧洲六国前瞻性研究 Manel Terns Riera and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1266–e1276, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag146 51 Health-related Quality of Life in European Older Adults with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Over Three Respiratory Syncytial Virus Seasons  连续三个流行季欧洲老年呼吸道合胞病毒感染者健康相关生活质量调查 Manel Terns Riera and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1277–e1288, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag147 52 The Renaissance of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Diagnosis: How Understanding Burden Can Inform Clinical Practice and Demonstrate the Benefit of Vaccines  呼吸道合胞病毒诊断技术革新：明晰疾病负担指导临床实践、印证疫苗获益价值 Angela R Branche Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1289–e1291, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag148 Mycobacterial Infections（分枝杆菌感染） 53 Hidden in Success: Gendered Patterns of Suboptimal Care Engagement Among Tuberculosis Patients Who“Successfully” Completed Treatment in South Africa  治愈背后的隐忧：南非“治疗成功”结核患者就医依从性的性别差异 Andrew Medina-Marino and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1292–e1301, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf714 54 Prevalence and Predictors of Tuberculosis in Adults and Adolescents With Sputum Trace Ultra Results in 2 High-Burden Clinical Settings  两大高结核负担临床中心痰Xpert Ultra微量阳性成人及青少年结核患病率与预测因素 Caitlin Visek and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1302–e1310, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag019 55 “Trace-MTB” on Sputum Xpert Ultra: New Evidence for Interpretation in High-burden Settings  痰Xpert Ultra“微量结核分枝杆菌”阳性：高结核负担地区判读新证据 Bianca Sossen and Neil Martinson Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1311–e1312, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag018 56 Diagnostic Accuracy of Molecular Testing on Saliva and Oral Swabs for Pulmonary Tuberculosis  唾液与口腔拭子分子检测对肺结核的诊断效能 Deninson Alejandro Vargas and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1313–e1321, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag055 57 Documenting Environmentally Acquired Mycobacterium intracellulare subsp. chimaera Pulmonary Disease Soon After Bronchiectasis Onset  支气管扩张发病后短期内确诊环境源性奇美拉胞内分枝杆菌肺病病例报道 Jennifer R Honda and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1322–e1325, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag015 58 We Are Underprepared for Bedaquiline Resistance: A Call for Clinical and Programmatic Readiness  我国对贝达喹啉耐药危机应对准备不足：呼吁完善临床与公共卫生防控体系 Gail Brenda Cross and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1326–e1332, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag008 Respiratory Infections（呼吸道感染） 59 Long-term Clinical Outcomes After Hospitalization for Acute Respiratory Illness Due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus  呼吸道合胞病毒急性呼吸道感染住院患者远期临床结局 David Singer and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1333–e1344, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf710 60 Microbial Detection in Community-Acquired Pleural Space Infections Using the BIOFIRE Joint Infection Panel and Individual Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays  采用BIOFIRE关节感染试剂盒与单重PCR检测社区获得性胸腔感染病原体 Portia Mira and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1345–e1352, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag050 61 Diagnostic Performance of New Commercial Interferon-Gamma Release Assays for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis  新型商业化γ干扰素释放试验诊断结核分枝杆菌感染的效能：更新系统综述与荟萃分析 Lika Apriani and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1353–e1364, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag102 Viral Infections（病毒感染） 62 Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Norovirus Infections in Early Life; the PREVAIL Cohort, 2017–2020  婴幼儿诺如病毒显性与隐性感染：PREVAIL队列2017–2020年数据 Julia M Baker and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1365–e1374, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag033 63 Age-Specific Risk of Herpes Zoster in Adults Aged ≥18 Years With Comorbid Conditions—A Retrospective Cohort Study in the United States  ≥18岁合并基础疾病成人带状疱疹分年龄发病风险：美国回顾性队列研究 Rachel A Cohen and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1375–e1383, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag095 64 Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Encephalitis: A Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study  1型单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎：一项基于人群的前瞻性队列研究 Lærke Storgaard Duerlund and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1384–e1392, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag136 Photo Quiz（影像问答） 65 Multifocal Cutaneous Abscesses  多发皮肤脓肿病例 Shrruthi Velavan and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1393–e1396, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag074 Correspondence（读者来信） 66 New French Guidelines on Subcutaneous Antibiotic Therapy: A Response to Di Bella et al.  法国皮下注射抗生素新版指南发布——回应Di Bella等人研究 Emmanuel Forestier and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1397–e1398, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag088 67 Time to Appropriate Therapy and Antimicrobial Resistance-Attributable Mortality  抗菌药物及时给药时长与耐药相关死亡风险 Tatsuhiko Nanri and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Page e1398, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag087 68 Is Time to Appropriate Therapy a Mediator of Mortality Associated With Antimicrobial Resistance?  抗菌药物及时给药时长是否介导耐药相关死亡风险？ Kevin A Brown and Nick Daneman Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1398–e1399, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag090 69 Request for Additional Details on the COPAT Trial  恳请补充COPAT试验详细研究数据 Brad Spellberg and Bassam Ghanem Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Page e1399, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag100 70 Additional Details on the COPAT Trial  COPAT试验补充研究细节回复 Joy J Juskowich and Arif R Sarwari Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1399–e1401, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag103 71 Zinc: An Oft-forgotten Component in the Management of Diarrhea  锌剂：腹泻治疗中常被忽视的关键药物 Indi Trehan Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Page e1401, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag111 72 I Zinc, Therefore I Am: Context is Key  锌剂不可或缺：临床应用需结合具体场景 Andi L Shane and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1401–e1402, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag112 73 When IS900 Positivity is not the Tie-Breaker: Interpreting Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Signals Across Crohn's Disease and Intestinal Tuberculosis in a Tuberculosis-Endemic Setting  IS900阳性结果不可作为鉴别金标准：结核高发区克罗恩病与肠结核中副结核分枝杆菌判读要点 Yuanli Yang Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1402–e1403, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag127 74 MAP Detection: Identifying a Pathogenic Driver Rather Than a Diagnostic Marker  副结核分枝杆菌检测：识别致病驱动因素而非单纯诊断标志物 Sudheer Kumar Vuyyuru and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1403–e1405, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag128 75 Composite End Points, Minor Anomalies, and Missed Work-Ups: Making 12-Month Infant “Unfavorable Outcomes” Interpretable After BDLLfx/BDLCfz in Pregnancy  复合终点、轻微异常与漏诊评估：解读孕期BDLLfx/BDLCfz方案暴露婴儿12个月不良结局 Yuanli Yang Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1405–e1406, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag142 76 Responding Appropriately to Safety Signals in Infants Exposed to the 6-month BDLLfx/BDLCfz Regimen In Utero  妥善处置宫内暴露6个月BDLLfx/BDLCfz方案婴儿的安全预警信号 Marian Loveday and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1406–e1407, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag143