Lead (Pb) poisoning is a critical concern for animal health worldwide because of its industrial and human activities.The current study examined alterations in clin., hematol., biochem., and oxidative stress biomarkers in goats exposed to high Pb concentrationsEighty-four male goats were randomly and clin. examined for changes in Pb levels relative to hematol. and biochem. findings.In parallel, oxidative stress biomarkers were measured in goats exposed to different Pb levels.Thirty-two male goats (38.1%) had elevated blood Pb levels, whereas fifty-two (61.9%) had low Pb levels.There was a substantial increase in white blood cell (WBC) count and total lipid (TL) and serum alk. phosphatase (ALP) levels in goats with high Pb levels compared to those with low Pb levels.In goats with elevated Pb levels, iron, magnesium, SOD, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) levels decreased.There was a weak neg. correlation between Pb levels and the goats′ body condition score (BCS), albumin, urea, and creatinine.Moderate neg. correlations were identified among Pb, Fe, and Mg.Total lipid and ALP levels showed a weak pos. correlation with Pb levels.A strong pos. association was found between cobalt and Pb levels.High Pb levels increased oxidative stress biomarkers, but not renal markers, and were linked to significant liver dysfunction.In conclusion, the current study confirmed the neg. impact of high Pb levels on the parameters associated with animal health and vitality.HIGHLIGHTSLead (Pb) poisoning is a growing problem in animal health worldwide owing to industrial and human activities.High Pb levels in goats induced hematol., biochem., and oxidative stress alterations.The neg. impact of high Pb levels is associated with impairment of animal health and vitality.