BACKGROUND:Osteosarcoma (OS), a prevalent bone tumor, remains an aggressive malignancy with limited targeted options. Neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM1) has been implicated in the progression of several tumors. Licochalcone B, a compound extracted from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, has shown antitumor effects on cancers. However, the role of NCAM1 and the therapeutic efficacy of Licochalcone B via regulating NCAM1 in OS remains unclear.
PURPOSE:To elucidate the oncogenic properties of NCAM1 and evaluate Licochalcone B as a therapeutic agent targeting NCAM1 in OS.
METHODS:Bulk and single-cell RNA-seq clinical cohorts were integrated to profile the transcriptional characteristics and clinical significance of NCAM1 in OS. To gain insights into the pro-tumorigenic effect of NCAM1 and the therapeutic potential of Licochalcone B via binding NCAM1, in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed.
RESULTS:Elevated NCAM1 expression in OS presented an independent value for predicting poor patient survival. NCAM1 overexpression accelerated cell proliferation, migration, invasion and tumor growth, which were attenuated by Licochalcone B. Additionally, Licochalcone B facilitated oxidative stress-related ferroptosis which was partially rescued by NCAM1 overexpression. Notably, NCAM1 expression in malignant cells shaped an immunosuppressive spectrum in OS cells and was related to an exhausted CD8⁺ T-cell landscape, which was disrupted by Licochalcone B via the restoration of ferroptosis. Mechanistically, Licochalcone B repressed the phosphorylation of ERK5 and NF-κB P65 proteins via downregulating NCAM1 expression.
CONCLUSION:Licochalcone B exerts its antitumor effects in OS by targeting NCAM1, which may serve as a promising therapeutic agent for improving patient outcomes.