Fluphenazine Hydrochloride

Currently, there is concern about food products to which new psychoactive substances (NPS) have been added illegally. However, rapid, high-sensitivity, and high-throughput screening methods for such harmful substances have not been reported yet. In this study, a high-throughput non-targeted screening strategy was developed based on UHPLC-Q/Orbitrap. First, optimized pretreatment methods for typical high-risk matrices were established. Second, an accurate, efficient, and scalable high resolution mass spectrometry database containing 206 NPS and related compounds was constructed. The fragmentation pathways of three different types of fentanyl-related compounds were then systematically investigated to enhance compound identification. Additionally, a non-targeted screening strategy was developed using warning ions derived from 24 fentanyl-related compounds, streamlining the identification of NPS. This strategy was applied to 100 food samples with possible illegal additives and demonstrated its effectiveness. In summary, this study provides robust technical support for regulatory authorities in combating the illegal addition of food products.

This study compared rehospitalization and practice patterns among patients with schizophrenia in the United States prescribed oral antipsychotics (OAs), alone or with long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) at hospital discharge. Data came from a hospital-based payer database from December 2019-June 2021. At discharge, 23,336 (84 %) patients were prescribed OAs and 4293 (16 %) were prescribed LAIs±OAs (first-generation LAIs±OAs, 2990/4293 [70 %]; second-generation LAIs±OAs, 1303/4293 [30 %]). The most prescribed OA and LAI±OA were risperidone (26 %) and haloperidol (37 %), respectively. Significantly greater proportions of patients were rehospitalized within 30, 60, or 90 days after discharge with OAs (11 %, 15 %, and 18 %, respectively) vs LAIs±OAs (8 %, 12 %, and 15 %; numbers needed to treat [NNTs], 37, 35, and 38), and with first-generation (9 %, 13 %, 16 %) vs second-generation (7 %, 10 %, 13 %) LAIs (p < 0.05 for all). Significantly greater proportions prescribed LAIs dosed once every 2 weeks vs monthly were rehospitalized within 60 days (15 % vs 11 %, respectively; NNT 33) and 90 days (18 % vs 14 %; NNT 26) (p < 0.05 for all). Prescriptions were based on clinical characteristics at discharge; those prescribed LAIs±OAs may have had less favorable prognoses. However, these results suggest that prescribing second-generation LAIs±OAs with less frequent dosing at discharge may lower rehospitalization risk for patients with schizophrenia.