Pitolisant Hydrochloride

PLYMOUTH MEETING, Pa.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Jun. 5, 2025-- Harmony Biosciences Holdings, Inc. (Nasdaq: HRMY), today announced a settlement agreement with Lupin Limited, resolving the patent infringement litigation related to Lupin’s Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) for a generic version of WAKIX® (pitolisant hydrochloride). As part of the agreement, litigation in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware will be dismissed, and Lupin will receive a license to launch its generic product no earlier than January 2030 (or July 2030 with pediatric exclusivity), or earlier under certain circumstances. Harmony had asserted multiple patents covering its WAKIX® (pitolisant HCl) product, the first and only non-scheduled FDA-approved treatment for excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) or cataplexy in adults with narcolepsy and for the treatment of EDS in pediatric patients 6 years of age and older with narcolepsy. This settlement reinforces the validity and strength of Harmony’s intellectual property portfolio, which continues to protect its innovations in sleep/wake therapeutics. Harmony is currently advancing next-generation formulations of pitolisant with utility patents filed with potential exclusivity to 2044, designed to address ongoing unmet medical needs in patients living with narcolepsy and other central disorders of hypersomnolence. Further underscoring Harmony’s patent strength, on July 31, 2024, the U.S. Patent Office Patent Trial and Appeal Board declined, for the second time, to institute an Ex Parte Reexamination of Harmony’s exclusively licensed polymorph patent for pitolisant hydrochloride. The Board’s decision affirms the validity and enforceability of Harmony’s patent estate. Harmony remains committed to vigorously defending its intellectual property and will continue litigating its consolidated patent infringement case against several other companies that have filed ANDAs seeking approval for generic versions of WAKIX® (pitolisant hydrochloride). About WAKIX® (pitolisant) Tablets WAKIX, a first-in-class medication, is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) or cataplexy in adult patients with narcolepsy and for the treatment of EDS in pediatric patients 6 years of age and older with narcolepsy. It was granted orphan drug designation for the treatment of narcolepsy in 2010, and breakthrough therapy designation for the treatment of cataplexy in 2018. WAKIX is a selective histamine 3 (H₃) receptor antagonist/inverse agonist. The mechanism of action of WAKIX is unclear; however, its efficacy could be mediated through its activity at H₃ receptors, thereby increasing the synthesis and release of histamine, a wake promoting neurotransmitter. WAKIX was designed and developed by Bioprojet (France). Harmony has an exclusive license from Bioprojet to develop, manufacture and commercialize pitolisant in the United States. Indications and Usage WAKIX is indicated for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) or cataplexy in adult patients with narcolepsy and for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in pediatric patients 6 years of age and older with narcolepsy. Important Safety Information Contraindications WAKIX is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to pitolisant or any component of the formulation. Anaphylaxis has been reported. WAKIX is also contraindicated in patients with severe hepatic impairment. Warnings and Precautions WAKIX prolongs the QT interval; avoid use of WAKIX in patients with known QT prolongation or in combination with other drugs known to prolong the QT interval. Avoid use in patients with a history of cardiac arrhythmias, as well as other circumstances that may increase the risk of the occurrence of torsade de pointes or sudden death, including symptomatic bradycardia, hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia, and the presence of congenital prolongation of the QT interval. The risk of QT prolongation may be greater in patients with hepatic or renal impairment due to higher concentrations of pitolisant; monitor these patients for increased QTc. Dosage modification is recommended in patients with moderate hepatic impairment and moderate or severe renal impairment. WAKIX is contraindicated in patients with severe hepatic impairment and not recommended in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Adverse Reactions In the placebo-controlled clinical trials conducted in patients with narcolepsy with or without cataplexy, the most common adverse reactions (≥5% and at least twice placebo) for WAKIX were insomnia (6%), nausea (6%), and anxiety (5%). Other adverse reactions that occurred at ≥2% and more frequently than in patients treated with placebo included headache, upper respiratory tract infection, musculoskeletal pain, heart rate increased, hallucinations, irritability, abdominal pain, sleep disturbance, decreased appetite, cataplexy, dry mouth, and rash. In the placebo-controlled phase of the clinical trial conducted in pediatric patients 6 years and older with narcolepsy with or without cataplexy, the most common adverse reactions (≥5% and greater than placebo) for WAKIX were headache (19%) and insomnia (7%). The overall adverse reaction profile of WAKIX in the pediatric clinical trial was similar to that seen in the adult clinical trial program. Drug Interactions Concomitant administration of WAKIX with strong CYP2D6 inhibitors increases pitolisant exposure by 2.2-fold. Reduce the dose of WAKIX by half. Concomitant use of WAKIX with strong CYP3A4 inducers decreases exposure of pitolisant by 50%. Dosage adjustments may be required. H1 receptor antagonists that cross the blood-brain barrier may reduce the effectiveness of WAKIX. Patients should avoid centrally acting H1 receptor antagonists. WAKIX is a borderline/weak inducer of CYP3A4. WAKIX may reduce the effectiveness of sensitive CYP3A4 substrates, including hormonal contraceptives. Patients using hormonal contraception should be advised to use an alternative non-hormonal contraceptive method during treatment with WAKIX and for at least 21 days after discontinuing treatment. Use in Specific Populations There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women who are exposed to WAKIX during pregnancy. Patients should be encouraged to enroll in the WAKIX pregnancy registry if they become pregnant. To enroll or obtain information from the registry, patients can call 1-800-833-7460. The safety and effectiveness of WAKIX have not been established for treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness in pediatric patients less than 6 years of age with narcolepsy. The safety and effectiveness of WAKIX have not been established for treatment of cataplexy in pediatric patients with narcolepsy. WAKIX is extensively metabolized by the liver. WAKIX is contraindicated in patients with severe hepatic impairment. Dosage adjustment is required in patients with moderate hepatic impairment. WAKIX is not recommended in patients with end-stage renal disease. Dosage adjustment of WAKIX is recommended in patients with eGFR <60 mL/minute/1.73 m2. Dosage reduction is recommended in patients known to be poor CYP2D6 metabolizers; these patients have higher concentrations of WAKIX than normal CYP2D6 metabolizers. Please see the Full Prescribing Information for WAKIX for more information. To report suspected adverse reactions, contact Harmony Biosciences at 1-800-833-7460 or the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. About Harmony Biosciences Harmony Biosciences is a pharmaceutical company dedicated to developing and commercializing innovative therapies for patients with rare neurological diseases who have unmet medical needs. Driven by novel science, visionary thinking, and a commitment to those who feel overlooked, Harmony Biosciences is nurturing a future full of therapeutic possibilities that may enable patients with rare neurological diseases to truly thrive. Established by Paragon Biosciences, LLC, in 2017 and headquartered in Plymouth Meeting, Pa., we believe that when empathy and innovation meet, a better future can begin; a vision evident in the therapeutic innovations we advance, the culture we cultivate, and the community programs we foster. For more information, please visit www.harmonybiosciences.com. Forward-Looking Statements This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements contained in this press release that do not relate to matters of historical fact should be considered forward-looking statements, including statements regarding our full year 2025 net product revenue, expectations for the growth and value of WAKIX, plans to submit an sNDA for pitolisant in idiopathic hypersomnia; our future results of operations and financial position, business strategy, products, prospective products, product approvals, the plans and objectives of management for future operations and future results of anticipated products. These statements are neither promises nor guarantees, but involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, the following: our commercialization efforts and strategy for WAKIX; the rate and degree of market acceptance and clinical utility of pitolisant in additional indications, if approved, and any other product candidates we may develop or acquire, if approved, including ZYN002 and EPX-100; our research and development plans, including our plans to explore the therapeutic potential of pitolisant in additional indications; our ongoing and planned clinical trials; our ability to expand the scope of our license agreements with Bioprojet Société Civile de Recherche (“Bioprojet”); the availability of favorable insurance coverage and reimbursement for WAKIX; the timing of, and our ability to obtain, regulatory approvals for pitolisant for other indications as well as any other product candidates; our estimates regarding expenses, future revenue, capital requirements and additional financing needs; our ability to identify, acquire and integrate additional products or product candidates with significant commercial potential that are consistent with our commercial objectives; our commercialization, marketing and manufacturing capabilities and strategy; significant competition in our industry; our intellectual property position; loss or retirement of key members of management; failure to successfully execute our growth strategy, including any delays in our planned future growth; our failure to maintain effective internal controls; the impact of government laws and regulations; volatility and fluctuations in the price of our common stock; the significant costs and required management time as a result of operating as a public company; the fact that the price of Harmony's common stock may be volatile and fluctuate substantially; statements related to our intended share repurchases and repurchase timeframe; and macroeconomic effects and changes in market conditions, including the impact of tariffs, inflation and the risk of recession. These and other important factors discussed under the caption "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on February 25, 2025, and our other filings with the SEC could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated by the forward-looking statements made in this press release. Any such forward-looking statements represent management's estimates as of the date of this press release. While we may elect to update such forward-looking statements at some point in the future, we disclaim any obligation to do so, even if subsequent events cause our views to change. View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20250605623408/en/ Harmony Biosciences Investor Contact: Brennan Doyle 484-539-9700 bdoyle@harmonybiosciences.com Harmony Biosciences Media Contact: Cate McCanless 202-641-6086 cmccanless@harmonybiosciences.com Source: Harmony Biosciences Holdings, Inc.

MOUNTAIN VIEW, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Alto Neuroscience, Inc. (“Alto”) (NYSE: ANRO) a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the development of novel precision medicines for neuropsychiatric disorders, today reported financial results for the first quarter ended March 31, 2025, and highlighted recent progress across its pipeline of clinical-stage product candidates. “In the first quarter of 2025 we took important steps to deliver on our clinical and corporate objectives,” said Amit Etkin, M.D., Ph.D., founder and chief executive officer of Alto Neuroscience. “We have continued to execute across each of our four ongoing clinical trials, and in addition we have advanced our biomarker platform to further support our precision psychiatry approach. We believe the recent presentation of our EEG-based placebo response biomarker and dopamine-related biomarkers highlight our leadership position in targeted neuropsychiatric drug development. We look forward to exploring opportunities to maximize the therapeutic impact of our platform to address the high unmet needs of patients. With a strong balance sheet expected to support several key clinical milestones in the coming years, we believe we are well positioned to redefine how neuropsychiatric conditions are treated.” Pipeline Highlights ALTO-100: Enrollment ongoing in Phase 2b bipolar depression trial; data expected in the second half of 2026. ALTO-100, a first-in-class, oral small molecule believed to work through enhancing neuroplasticity, is in development for the treatment of bipolar depression (BPD) in patients characterized by a cognitive biomarker. Enrollment in the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 2b trial remains ongoing with topline data expected in the second half of 2026. The Company expects to enroll approximately 200 patients with BPD. Patients will be evaluated over a six-week treatment period and the primary endpoint is the change from baseline on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) in the patient population characterized by a cognitive biomarker. In the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company completed the Phase 2b trial evaluating ALTO-100 as a treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). The clinically meaningful signal in the adjunctive subgroup and evidence of biomarker enrichment in the compliant subset of patients supports the ongoing Phase 2b trial of ALTO-100 as an adjunctive treatment in BPD. The Company presented additional analyses of the ALTO-100 MDD Phase 2b trial at the Society of Biological Psychiatry (SOBP) Annual Meeting highlighting the utilization of an EEG-based biomarker to account for potential placebo responders. As presented , these results build on the Company’s successful identification and prospective replication of an EEG-based biomarker for placebo response in MDD. The analysis prospectively demonstrated that weighting patient outcomes based on an EEG marker for placebo response resulted in a larger treatment response. These data demonstrate the applications of this biomarker to potentially enable more precise identification of high placebo responders and improve detection of treatment response in a clinical trial. The Company expects to employ this biomarker in the ongoing ALTO-100 BPD trial. The analysis prospectively demonstrated that weighting patient outcomes based on an EEG marker for placebo response resulted in a larger treatment response. These data demonstrate the applications of this biomarker to potentially enable more precise identification of high placebo responders and improve detection of treatment response in a clinical trial. The Company expects to employ this biomarker in the ongoing ALTO-100 BPD trial. ALTO-300: Enrollment ongoing in Phase 2b adjunctive major depressive disorder trial; data expected in mid-2026. ALTO-300, also known as agomelatine, is an oral, small molecule designed to act as a melatonin agonist and 5-HT2C antagonist, and is being developed at 25mg as an adjunctive treatment in the United States for patients with MDD, characterized by an EEG biomarker. Agomelatine is an approved antidepressant medication in Europe and Australia, at both 25mg and 50mg, but has not been approved in the United States. In comparison to the 50mg dose of agomelatine, the 25mg dose has been shown to have equivalent antidepressant efficacy and has not been associated with reversible, low liver enzyme elevations observed with the 50mg dose. Topline data from the double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized Phase 2b trial is expected in mid-2026. The Company expects to enroll approximately 200 biomarker positive patients for the final analysis sample. The final analysis sample is based on the favorable outcome from the interim analysis announced in February 2025, which resulted in a recommendation to continue the study and increase the biomarker positive sample by approximately 50 subjects. While the trial includes both biomarker positive and biomarker negative patients, the primary analysis will be conducted in the biomarker positive subgroup. In the ongoing Phase 2b trial, patients who have had an inadequate response to their current antidepressant are randomized to receive either 25mg of ALTO-300 or placebo over a six-week treatment period. The study medication is being taken in addition to a patient’s background antidepressant. The primary outcome is the change from baseline in MADRS score in patients with the EEG biomarker. Across the Company’s clinical trials, and in clinical practice, agomelatine has demonstrated a favorable safety and tolerability profile. The most common adverse event observed in the Phase 2a trial of ALTO-300 was headache. Additionally, the Phase 2a and Phase 2b trials have involved monitoring for elevated liver enzymes (≥ 3 times the upper limit of normal), with the Phase 2b trial including a stopping rule for elevated liver enzymes, as measured by liver function tests (LFT). No LFT elevations ≥ 3 times the upper limit of normal were observed in the Company’s 239-patient completed Phase 2a trial, and no patients have been stopped in the ongoing Phase 2b trial due to liver enzyme elevation. Across three large, United States-based clinical trials in MDD, the 25mg dose of agomelatine (being developed by the Company as ALTO-300) has not led to liver enzyme elevation, exhibiting rates similar to placebo. Evidence from meta-analyses and real-world clinical care reinforces the consistent safety of the 25mg dose and suggests that higher doses of agomelatine do not result in greater efficacy. The Company believes these data support development of the 25mg dose to optimize clinical efficacy while balancing safety and tolerability. Across three large, United States-based clinical trials in MDD, the 25mg dose of agomelatine (being developed by the Company as ALTO-300) has not led to liver enzyme elevation, exhibiting rates similar to placebo. Evidence from meta-analyses and real-world clinical care reinforces the consistent safety of the 25mg dose and suggests that higher doses of agomelatine do not result in greater efficacy. The Company believes these data support development of the 25mg dose to optimize clinical efficacy while balancing safety and tolerability. The Company presented new data at SOBP highlighting the mechanistic link between ALTO-300 and the machine learning-derived, EEG biomarker, used to identify patients who are more likely to respond to treatment. Increasing 5-HT2C activity or directly depleting dopamine —both the opposite mechanistic effect of ALTO-300—resulted in greater EEG irregularity, consistent with a biomarker positive profile. ALTO-203: Enrollment completed in Phase 2 proof-of-concept MDD trial; data expected in the second quarter of 2025. ALTO-203, a novel, oral small molecule designed to uniquely act as a histamine H3 inverse agonist, is being developed for the treatment of MDD associated with increased levels of anhedonia. In February, the Company completed enrollment in the 69-patient Phase 2 proof-of-concept (POC) trial in MDD patients with higher levels of anhedonia and expects to report topline data in the second quarter of 2025. The trial is the first evaluation of ALTO-203 in a patient population and consists of two sequential, double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment periods to evaluate two different dose levels of ALTO-203 as a monotherapy. In the first period, patients receive two single-doses of ALTO-203 (high-dose and low-dose), and placebo in a randomized, three-way crossover design, and the outcome measures are designed to evaluate pharmacodynamic effects. An acute change in positive emotion is assessed by the alertness and mood components of the Bond-Lader Visual Analog Scale (BL-VAS), an established scale of subjective emotion. The trial is designed to broadly explore the effects of ALTO-203 and is not powered to detect statistical significance on clinical depression outcome scales (e.g., MADRS). In the second period, patients receive high-or low-dose ALTO-203 or placebo once-daily over a 28-day treatment period to further explore the safety and pharmacokinetics of ALTO-203. Pharmacodynamic effects on cognition, EEG, and wearable measures will be evaluated to characterize the profile of ALTO-203 and guide next steps in development. In the first period, patients receive two single-doses of ALTO-203 (high-dose and low-dose), and placebo in a randomized, three-way crossover design, and the outcome measures are designed to evaluate pharmacodynamic effects. An acute change in positive emotion is assessed by the alertness and mood components of the Bond-Lader Visual Analog Scale (BL-VAS), an established scale of subjective emotion. The trial is designed to broadly explore the effects of ALTO-203 and is not powered to detect statistical significance on clinical depression outcome scales (e.g., MADRS). In the second period, patients receive high-or low-dose ALTO-203 or placebo once-daily over a 28-day treatment period to further explore the safety and pharmacokinetics of ALTO-203. Pharmacodynamic effects on cognition, EEG, and wearable measures will be evaluated to characterize the profile of ALTO-203 and guide next steps in development. The Company presented new preclinical data at SOBP demonstrating the distinct behavioral effects of ALTO-203, which may be driven by enhanced function and control of dopamine in the reward system. ALTO-203 effectively reversed anhedonia-like behavior induced by dopamine depletion and demonstrated a significantly higher sucrose preference. Pitolisant, the only FDA approved H3R inverse agonist, showed no significant effect at any dose. ALTO-101: Enrollment is ongoing in Phase 2 proof-of-concept CIAS trial; data expected in the second half of 2025. ALTO-101, a brain-penetrant PDE4 inhibitor designed as a novel transdermal formulation, is being developed for the treatment of Cognitive Impairment Associated with Schizophrenia (CIAS). The novel formulation is designed to retain the desired brain effects shown with the oral formulation while avoiding the tolerability challenges and adverse effects known to be associated with PDE4 inhibitors. Enrollment remains ongoing in the Phase 2 POC trial in CIAS, with topline data expected in the second half of 2025. The Phase 2 POC trial consists of a dose-escalating treatment with ALTO-101 and is designed to enroll approximately 70 adult participants with schizophrenia between the ages of 21 and 55. The primary outcome in the study is the effect of ALTO-101 on theta band activity, the EEG measure shown to be most clearly associated with CIAS in replicated analyses of large schizophrenia datasets. Objective cognitive performance is also evaluated. A poster was presented at the Annual Congress of the Schizophrenia International Research Society (SIRS), demonstrating ALTO-101 significantly enhanced theta responses in humans. Additionally, the Company presented new preclinical data at SOBP, exhibiting increased theta response in a preclinical rescue study with ALTO-101. The Company believes these data underscore the robustness of theta response as a translational biomarker for CIAS and the potential pro-cognitive drug effect. Upcoming Milestones and Events Near-Term Expected Milestones 2Q 2025 — ALTO-203 Phase 2 POC MDD trial topline data 2H 2025 — ALTO-101 Phase 2 POC CIAS trial topline data Mid-2026 — ALTO-300 Phase 2b MDD trial topline data 2H 2026 — ALTO-100 Phase 2b BPD trial topline data Upcoming Conferences The Company is expected to present at the following upcoming conferences: American Society of Clinical Psychopharmacology (ASCP) Annual Meeting: May 27-30, 2025 Jefferies Healthcare Conference: June 3-5, 2025 H.C. Wainwright 6 th Annual Neuro Perspectives Hybrid Conference: June 16-17, 2025 Biotechnology Innovation Organization (BIO) International Convention: June 16-19, 2025 American Society of Clinical Psychopharmacology (ASCP) Annual Meeting: May 27-30, 2025 Jefferies Healthcare Conference: June 3-5, 2025 H.C. Wainwright 6 th Annual Neuro Perspectives Hybrid Conference: June 16-17, 2025 Biotechnology Innovation Organization (BIO) International Convention: June 16-19, 2025 First Quarter 2025 Financial Highlights Cash Position: As of March 31, 2025 the Company had cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash of approximately $161.3 million, compared to approximately $168.7 million in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as of December 31, 2024. The Company expects its cash balance to support planned operations into 2028. R&D Expenses: Research and development expenses for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 were $10.0 million, as compared to $10.0 million for the same period in 2024. G&A Expenses: General and administrative expenses for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 were $5.7 million, as compared to $4.4 million for the same period in 2024. The increase was primarily attributable to costs associated with higher headcount to support expanded clinical development efforts, growing operational requirements, and costs associated with operating as a public company. $0.3 million of the increase is related to non-cash, stock-based compensation. Net Loss: The Company incurred a net loss of $15.2 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, as compared to $13.4 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2024. About Alto Neuroscience Alto Neuroscience is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company with a mission to redefine psychiatry by leveraging neurobiology to develop personalized and highly effective treatment options. Alto’s Precision Psychiatry Platform™ measures brain biomarkers by analyzing EEG activity, neurocognitive assessments, wearable data, and other factors to better identify which patients are more likely to respond to Alto product candidates. Alto’s clinical-stage pipeline includes novel drug candidates in bipolar depression, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and other mental health conditions. For more information, visit www.altoneuroscience.com or follow Alto on X. Forward-Looking Statements This press release may contain forward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements may be identified by words such as “aims,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “forecasts,” “goal,” “intends,” “look forward,” “may,” “plans,” “possible,” “potential,” “seeks,” “will” and variations of these words or similar expressions that are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. Forward-looking statements in this press release include, but are not limited to, statements regarding Alto’s expectations with regard to the potential benefits, activity, effectiveness and safety of its product candidates and Precision Psychiatry Platform (“Platform”); Alto’s expectations with regard to the design and results of its research and development programs and clinical trials, including the timing of enrollment and the timing and availability of data from such trials; Alto’s clinical and regulatory development plans for its product candidates, including the timing or likelihood of regulatory filings and approvals for its product candidates; Alto’s business strategy, financial position and the sufficiency of its financial resources to fund its operations through expected milestones; and other statements that are not historical fact. Actual results or events could differ materially from the plans, intentions and expectations disclosed in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including: uncertainties inherent in the initiation, progress and completion of clinical trials and clinical development of Alto’s product candidates; the risk that Alto may not realize the intended benefits of its Platform; availability and timing of results from clinical trials; whether initial or interim results from a clinical trial will be predictive of the final results of the trial or the results of future trials; the risk that clinical trials may have unsatisfactory outcomes; the risk that Alto’s projections regarding its financial position and expected cash runway are inaccurate or that its conduct of its business requires more cash than anticipated; and other important factors, any of which could cause Alto’s actual results to differ from those contained in the forward-looking statements, which are described in greater detail in Alto's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as well as in other filings Alto may make with the SEC in the future. Any forward-looking statements contained in this press release speak only as of the date hereof, and Alto expressly disclaims any obligation to update any forward-looking statements contained herein, whether because of any new information, future events, changed circumstances or otherwise, except as required by law. Availability of Information on Alto’s Website Alto routinely uses its investor relations website to post presentations to investors and other important information, including information that may be material. Accordingly, Alto encourages investors and others interested in Alto to review the information it makes public on its investor relations website. ALTO NEUROSCIENCE, INC. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (in thousands, except per share amounts) (unaudited) Three months ended March 31, 2025 2024 Operating expenses: Research and development $ 9,974 $ 9,952 General and administrative 5,702 4,434 Total operating expenses 15,676 14,386 Loss from operations (15,676 ) (14,386 ) Other income (expense): Interest income 1,827 1,558 Interest expense (598 ) (346 ) Loss on debt extinguishment (681 ) — Other, net (41 ) (243 ) Total other income, net 507 969 Net loss $ (15,169 ) $ (13,417 ) Other comprehensive income (loss): Change in fair value attributable to instrument specific credit risk 134 — Foreign currency translation (19 ) (5 ) Total other comprehensive income (loss) $ 115 $ (5 ) Comprehensive loss $ (15,054 ) $ (13,422 ) Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted $ (0.56 ) $ (0.76 ) Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, basic and diluted 27,049 17,600 ALTO NEUROSCIENCE, INC. Selected Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet Data (in thousands) (unaudited) March 31, December 31, 2025 2024 Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash $ 161,254 $ 168,729 Total assets 171,915 177,542 Total liabilities 32,819 26,082 Accumulated deficit (153,565 ) (138,396 )