Abstract: Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f.(TWHF) is a traditional Chinese medicine with multiple pharmacol. activities, yet its therapeutic effects on type I hypersensitivity has not been clarified.This study investigated the treatment and potential mechanisms of TWHF and its major bioactive component Triptolide (TPL) on type I allergy.The treatment mechanism was predicted by network pharmacol.Tripterygium wilfordii Polycoride Tablet (TWPT) and TPL were selected as therapeutic agents for type I allergy in RBL-2H3 cell and in PCA and PSA models.25 mol. targets were screened, and IL4, IL2, PIK3CG and CXCR4 that have a strong correlation with TWHF anti-type I allergy.Furthermore, TWHF may regulate type I allergy via Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, PI3K-Akt and calcium signaling pathway.The results in vitro experiments showed that TWHF can dose-dependently reduce the release of β-hex and histamine induced by IgE, based on cell morphol., intracellular Ca2+ concentration, cell apoptosis rate and TNF-α release, TWHF was found to significantly inhibit RBL-2H3 cell degranulation, and TWPT was more effective than TPL in treating type I allergy.Results in vivo indicated that TWHF can dose-dependently inhibit plasma dye exudation and tissue edema in ears, backs and paws in PCA and PSA models.In addition, we also discovered that TWHF could regulate Th1/Th2 balance in PSA model in vivo.In conclusion, TWHF has the potential to be utilized as a medication to treat type I allergy.This work provides new perspectives on the pharmacol. mechanism of TWHF.Graphical Abstract: