Exploring the pharmacist's intervention for precluding the factors effecting medication adherence in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD) following GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lungs diseases) guidelines in Pakistan

开始日期2022-06-01

申办/合作机构

Quaid-i-Azam University

ACTRN12622000996763 / CompletedN/AIIT

Pharmacist-led Intervention for Disease and Risk Management in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease

开始日期2022-01-03

申办/合作机构

Quaid-i-Azam University

100 项与 Quaid-i-Azam University 相关的临床结果

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0 项与 Quaid-i-Azam University 相关的专利（医药）

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19,216

项与 Quaid-i-Azam University 相关的文献（医药）

2024-12-31·Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice

Frequency, management and impact of adverse events on treatment outcomes in patients with multidrug resistant tuberculosis in Balochistan, Pakistan

Article

作者: Rafique, Sara ; Waheed, Hira ; Ahmad, Nafees ; Khan, Amjad ; Atif, Muhammad ; Khan, Shereen ; Wahid, Abdul ; Khan, Asad

BackgroundEarly detection, monitoring, and managing adverse events (AEs) are crucial in optimising treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients.ObjectivesTo investigate the incidence, factors, management, and impact of AEs on treatment outcomes in MDR-TB patients.MethodsThis study reviewed the medical records of 275 MDR-TB patients at Fatimah Jinnah Institute of Chest Diseases in Quetta, Pakistan. Patient information was collected using a designed data collection form. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests examined the difference in AEs occurrences based on patients' characteristics. Multiple binary logistic regression identified factors associated with unsuccessful outcomes, with statistical significance set at a p-value < 0.05.ResultsAlmost all patients (99.6%) experienced at-least one AE (median = 4/patient, interquartile range:3-6). The most common were GI disturbance (95.3%), arthralgia (80.4%), body pain and headache (61.8%), ototoxicity (61.4%), psychiatric disturbance (44%), hypokalaemia (40.4%), dermatological reactions (26.2%) and hypothyroidism (21.5%). AEs led to treatment modification in 7.3% patients. Educated patients, those with a history of TB treatment, previous use and resistance to any second-line drug had significantly higher number of AEs. A total of 64.0% were declared cured, 3.6% completed treatment, 19.6% died and 12.7.9% were lost to follow-up. Patients' age of 41-60(OR = 9.225) and >60 years(OR = 23.481), baseline body weight of 31-60 kg(OR = 0.180), urban residence(OR = 0.296), and experiencing ototoxicity (OR = 0.258) and hypothyroidism (OR = 0.136) were significantly associated with unsuccessful treatment outcomes.ConclusionAEs were highly prevalent but did not negatively impact treatment outcomes. Patients at higher risk of developing AEs and unsuccessful outcomes should receive special attention for its early management.

2024-12-31·Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice

A systematic review of the economic burden of diabetes mellitus: contrasting perspectives from high and low middle-income countries

Review

作者: Abdullah, Muhammad ; Malik, Tooba ; Babar, Zaheer-Ud-Din ; Yaseen, Fatima ; Kalam, Muhammad Nasir ; Ong, Siew Chin ; Butt, Muhammad Daoud ; Rafiq, Azra ; Sajjad, Ahsan

IntroductionDiabetes increases preventative sickness and costs healthcare and productivity. Type 2 diabetes and macrovascular disease consequences cause most diabetes-related costs. Type 2 diabetes greatly costs healthcare institutions, reducing economic productivity and efficiency. This cost of illness (COI) analysis examines the direct and indirect costs of treating and managing type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodologyAccording to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Medline Plus, and CENTRAL were searched for relevant articles on type 1 and type 2 diabetes illness costs. The inquiry returned 873 2011-2023 academic articles. The study included 42 papers after an abstract evaluation of 547 papers.ResultsMost articles originated in Asia and Europe, primarily on type 2 diabetes. The annual cost per patient ranged from USD87 to USD9,581. Prevalence-based cost estimates ranged from less than USD470 to more than USD3475, whereas annual pharmaceutical prices ranged from USD40 to more than USD450, with insulin exhibiting the greatest disparity. Care for complications was generally costly, although costs varied significantly by country and problem type.DiscussionThis study revealed substantial heterogeneity in diabetes treatment costs; some could be reduced by improving data collection, analysis, and reporting procedures. Diabetes is an expensive disease to treat in low- and middle-income countries, and attaining Universal Health Coverage should be a priority for the global health community.

2024-12-31·Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects

Influence of fatty acid composition on process optimization and characteristics assessment of biodiesel produced from waste animal fat

作者: Mohanam, Anand ; Srinivasan, Gokul Raghavendra ; Chandra Sekharan, Sreekanth ; Balakrishnan, Deepanraj ; Jambulingam, Ranjitha ; Shankar, Vijayalakshmi ; Munir, Mamoona

This present study focus on the process optimization and characteristic assessment of waste animal fat (WAF) biodiesel based on the influence of fatty acids characterized in it.WAFs were rendered from leather fleshing (s.c. fat, 85.64%) and slaughterhouse (i.m. fat, 8.46%) wastes using dry rendering technique, wherein the maximum renderable fat content was found to be 75.77% and 5.89%, resp.Et esters of oleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid were characterized as dominant fatty acid esters (FAEs) in WAF biodiesel.Optimized transesterification on waste fats using ethanol and synthesized D-valine amido Et Me imidazolium chloride ([D-Vemim]Cl) as novel ionic liquid (IL) catalyst yielded 97.36% of biodiesel.High molar ratio (WAF to ethanol:6) and reaction temperature (75°C) were accounted by the long-chain fatty acids in triglyceride mols. and their higher degree of saturation, resp., meanwhile, [D-Vemim]Cl exhibited high conversion yield beyond 10% and was effective up to 10 cycles.Similarly, biodiesel properties were evaluated as per ASTM D6751 standards, were found to be in acceptable range, and were deeply influenced by carbon chain length and degree of unsaturation in FAE mols.Also, the presence of long-chain saturated FAEs along with fuel bound oxygen induced superior combustion characteristics and controlled emission concentrationsHowever, slight reduction in engine performance was due to high viscosity and reduced calorific value of biodiesel which was reflected from its FAE mols.

项与 Quaid-i-Azam University 相关的新闻（医药）

2021-06-03

·E药经理人

CAR-T临床再现死亡事件！由吉利德、平安创投等所投公司试验遭停

2012年，一个名叫Emily Whitehead小女孩成为全球第一个接受CAR-T细胞疗法的人。如今，Emily已痊愈9年。而曾经给Emily进行治疗的是Carl June博士团队。 Carl June是美国免疫学家，也是宾夕法尼亚大学佩雷尔医学院教授。他被誉为“CAR-T细胞疗法先驱”人物，也曾被《时代周刊》评为“2018年全球最具影响力的100人”之一。 2015年，Carl June参与创办了一家细胞疗法公司Tmunity Therapeutics。在明星科学创始人光环加持之下，Tmunity在3年时间内迅速完成超2.2亿美元的融资，其投资方包括礼来亚洲基金、吉利德和中国的平安创投等公司。与CAR-T细胞疗法领域的部分公司相同，Tmunity也正在攻克实体瘤领域。不过，其最近的进展却遭受了阻碍。 01 进军实体瘤受挫 6月3日，据外媒Endpoints报道，因2名患者死亡，Tmunity针对前列腺癌的CAR-T细胞疗法CART-PSMA-TGFβRDN试验被迫终止。在发生2起死亡事件后，Tmunity首先主动暂停了试验，随后FDA对该试验暂停进行了强制执行。导致2例患者直接死亡的原因是免疫效应细胞相关的神经毒性综合征 (ICANS)或巨噬细胞激活综合征（MAS），这些也是CAR-T细胞疗法治疗过程中常见的不良反应。之前在探索CAR-T细胞疗法对血液瘤治疗过程中，最令研究人员头疼的是细胞因子释放综合征（CRS），因为这种副作用在严重情况下可导致患者死亡。随着对CAR设计的改进，CRS在很大程度上得到了控制。如今，CAR-T细胞疗法在攻克实体瘤过程中，ICANS和MAS又成了研究人员最头疼的事。 “ 我们在实体瘤中看到的细胞因子图谱与血液瘤中的完全不同。这很复杂、很细分，涉及不同的细胞因子。从整个图谱来看，患者在接受CAR-T细胞疗法后体内的细胞因子升高然后延续5-10天后，患者大脑中的内皮受体被激活，血脑屏障开始被分解，脑中出现大规模炎症反应，从而导致了ICANS。因此，我们有2名患者死亡。在发生第一个事件时，我们尝试着继续，但现在显然看到了第二个事件，因此我们停止了该试验并在积极寻求解决办法。”Tmunity的总裁兼首席执行官Azam 博士在接受采访时说道。 Azam曾是诺华细胞和基因治疗部门的负责人，并是医药执行委员会的成员。他曾带领诺华渡过早期CAR-T细胞疗法研发的艰难时刻。 Carl June补充说：“ 我认为最重要的是，我们发现了CAR-T细胞疗法在治疗白血病、骨髓瘤等血液瘤与胰腺癌、前列腺癌等实体瘤的过程中产生的毒性不同。这种毒性最可怕的地方是会引起大脑中的神经毒性，这在治疗血液瘤的过程中并没有看到。 ” 02 认为有法可解对于ICANS或MAS引起患者死亡的情况，Carl和Azam认为这个问题是有解决方案的。 “我们之前没有特别重视ICANS和MAS，直到它引起了致命问题，我们才意识到。” Carl June 说道。“它是由巨噬细胞和T细胞之间的不平衡相互交叉引起的，并且在某种程度上细胞因子确实相当高，从而导致了致命的情况。我们还在对此进行进一步的分析。但同样重要的是，我们认为我们会有解决方案，因为我们已经为此努力了4年半。我们会像2012年找到托珠单抗可以治疗CRS一样找到克服ICANS的办法。” 在治疗血液瘤过程中，IL‐6受体拮抗剂被证明可快速解决CAR-T诱导的CRS，且已被美国FDA批准用于治疗严重CRS。2020年10月，罗氏的托珠单抗注射液（商品名：雅美罗）在中国获得国家药监局批准，用于治疗CAR-T细胞疗法引起的重度或危及生命的CRS。但在治疗实体瘤的试验中， Carl June说托珠单抗并没有起作用，主要原因之一是托珠单抗不能很好地进入大脑。不过，Carl June认为解决方案依然是用药物进行治疗干预。此次事件并没有影响Tmunity在CAR-T细胞疗法治疗实体瘤的信心，Azam认为等到他们找到了解决方案会继续开发更安全、更友好的CAR-T细胞疗法，这也是他们追求的长期目标。 Azam在推特上写道：“生物技术的研发过程是一段艰难的旅程，但正是从这些挑战中我们获得学习经验并变得更强大。” 而Tmunity也得到了董事会的支持，他们认为CAR-T在实体瘤中的突破将会带来比血液瘤更大的回报。 Tmunity表示也将在此次试验的基础上，设计2.0版本的CAR-T细胞，从而更好地克服安全性问题。参考：https://endpts.com/exclusive-carl-junes-tmunity-encounters-a-lethal-roadblock-as-2-patient-deaths-derail-lead-trial-raise-red-flag-forcing-a-rethink-of-car-t-for-solid-tumors/

免疫疗法细胞疗法抗体基因疗法

100 项与 Quaid-i-Azam University 相关的药物交易

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100 项与 Quaid-i-Azam University 相关的转化医学

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