Fifteen iridoid glycosides were isolated from Buddleja lindeyana, including 8 previously undescribed aucubin derivatives (buddlejaridoids A-H: 1-8), and 7 known ones (9-15). Structurally, compounds 2-7 are acylated by acetyloxy and cinnamic acid derivatives, compounds 7 and 13, 9 and 10, 11 and 12 are three pairs of trans and cis cinnamoyl aucubinglycoside esters. Compounds 1-3 and 14 were proven to have excellent antioxidant activity by ABTS, FRAP and DPPH free radical scavenging assays, compounds 3, 14 and 15 exhibited potent inhibitory activity against MAO-B with IC50 value of 12.73 ± 0.30, 16.02 ± 0.37 and 22.99 ± 0.25 μM, respectively, and the binding between MAO-B and the compounds were analyzed by molecular docking study. On a H2O2 induced PC12 oxidative damage model, compounds 1-3, 8, 14 and 15 showed great neuroprotective activity. The neuroprotective effects of the active compound 3 was further confirmed by detecting its efficacy on ROS scavenging, anti-apoptosis and anti-necrosis using appropriate fluorescent probe. Additionally, compounds 10, 14 and 15 exhibited potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.