Delving into the Latest Updates on National Institute of Immunology with Synapse

This study was designed to support site preparation and to conduct a disease burden study for the planning and implementation of the phase III trials for the oral rotavirus vaccine 116E.

开始日期2009-07-01

申办/合作机构

Ministry of Science and Technology

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100 项与 National Institute of Immunology 相关的临床结果

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0 项与 National Institute of Immunology 相关的专利（医药）

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2025-12-31·Gut Microbes

Bacillus coagulans ameliorates inflammatory bone loss in post-menopausal osteoporosis via modulating the “Gut-Immune-Bone” axis

Article

作者: Sapra, Leena ; Saini, Chaman ; Srivastava, Rupesh K. ; Manhas, Vikrant ; Gupta, Sarika ; Garg, Bhavuk ; Mishra, Pradyumna K.

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease that leads to lower bone mineral density and intensifies the risk of unexpected fractures. Recently, our group reported that numerical defect in the frequencies of Bregs along with their compromised tendency to produce IL-10 cytokine further aggravates inflammatory bone loss in post-menopausal osteoporosis (PMO). Dysbiosis induced mucosal injury and leaky gut are the predominant contributors involved in the progression of inflammatory diseases including PMO. Furthermore, several evidence suggest that gut microbial composition plays a crucial role in the development and differentiation of Bregs. Nevertheless, the potential role of dysbiotic gut microbiota (GM) and Bregs under estrogen deficient PMO conditions has never been deciphered. Here, we evaluated the role of GM in the onset and progression of PMO along with its role in modulating the anti-osteoporotic potential of Bregs. We found that enhancement in the endotoxin producing bacteria and concomitant reduction in the short chain fatty acids producing bacteria, both under pre-clinical and clinical osteoporotic condition augment inflammatory bone loss. This suggests that dysbiosis of GM potentially exacerbates bone deterioration under estrogen deficient PMO conditions. Remarkably, supplementation of probiotic Bacillus coagulans significantly improved the bone mineral density, bone strength, and bone microarchitecture by modulating the anti-osteoclastogenic, immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory potential of Bregs. The present study delves deeper into the role of immune homeostasis ("Breg-Treg-Th17" cell axis) and GM profile in the pathophysiology of PMO. Altogether, findings of the present study open novel therapeutic avenues, suggesting restoration of GM composition as one of the viable therapeutic options in mitigating inflammatory bone loss under PMO conditions via modulating the "Gut-Immune-Bone" axis.

2025-07-01·Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics

Crystal structure of thymidine kinase from the multi-drug resistant col strain of Staphylococcus aureus

Article

作者: Pal, Ravi Kant ; Ashraf, Anam ; Hassan, Md Imtaiyaz

Thymidine kinase (TK) is a key enzyme in the salvage pathway of thymidine that produces thymidine monophosphate. TK enzyme activity is tightly coupled to the cell cycle, exhibiting marked fluctuations in expression and activity. We report the crystal structure of TK from the Staphylococcus aureus col strain (Sa-TK), which has emerged as a promising therapeutic target. The overall structure of Sa-TK closely resembles that of human TK. The lasso region in the structure shows an open conformation due to the absence of a natural substrate. The phosphate donor site is bound with sulfate ions from the crystallization conditions. The P-loop is visible, but the complete P-β hairpin cannot be traced due to the flexibility of this region. Sa-TK assembles as a tetramer with unique inter-subunit interactions involving salt bridges between charged residues. Glu136 and Arg184, as well as Arg154 and Glu102 from each of the subunits, have β-sheet interactions that form salt bridges. The catalytically active site residue Glu89 is conserved, which is essential for enzyme activity. Sa-TK lacks a longer C-terminal sequence involved in mitotic regulation through proteolytic degradation, a feature that is likely absent in Sa-TK. The crystal structure of Sa-TK offers detailed insights into its structural and functional properties, highlighting its conserved nature and emphasizing the challenge of developing selective inhibitors that do not affect host TK. This detailed structural information presents a valuable opportunity for the rational design of novel antibacterial agents specifically targeting Sa-TK, offering a promising avenue for combating S. aureus infections.

2025-06-01·Current Opinion in Pharmacology

Balancing genome integrity and carcinogenesis: Insights into DNA damage response, repair pathways, and cancer therapies

作者: Sharma, Sudha ; Dhar, Srijita ; Sengupta, Sagar

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