(22423 NIRVANA) A randomized, parallel-group treatment, Phase 2, double-blind pilot study to investigate the efficacy and safety of elinzanetant compared with placebo for treatment of sleep disturbances associated with menopause - 22423

开始日期2024-03-26

申办/合作机构

Bayer Consumer Care AG

[+1]

NCT06219902 / Completed临床1期

A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo- and Active-controlled, 4-period, Crossover Study to Investigate Effects of Elinzanetant on Simulated Driving Performance and Cognitive Function in Healthy Women

Researchers are looking for a better way to treat vasomotor symptoms (VMS), also known as hot flashes.
Hot flashes are intense and sudden feelings of heat along with sweating and reddening of the skin. These are common for women going through the menopause but can also occur in men. Such symptoms are called VMS and are caused by changes in sex hormone levels.
The study treatment, elinzanetant, is being tested for the treatment of VMS in both men and women. It works by blocking the activity of a substance called neurokinin, which is thought to play a role in starting hot flashes.
Elinzanetant may cause lasting effects like sleepiness and tiredness. Such effects may make driving unsafe.
The main purpose of this study is to learn how elinzanetant affects the ability to drive the next day in healthy women.
For this, researchers will study participants' ability to keep a stable position within their lane while driving on a straight road on a computer-based driving test (also known as a driving simulator).
In this study, participants will take 2 different doses of elinzanetant, another drug called zopiclone, and matching placebos to these drugs.
Zopiclone helps treat sleeping problems. A placebo looks like a study drug but does not have any medicine in it.
Participants will take elinzanetant, zopiclone, and their matching placebos by mouth.
This study will have 4 treatment periods with each period lasting 6 days. In each period, participants will receive one of the following treatments in an order assigned to them randomly (by chance):
dose A of elinzanetant and a zopiclone placebo
dose B of elinzanetant and a zopiclone placebo
zopiclone 7.5 milligrams (mg) and elinzanetant placebo
elinzanetant placebo and zopiclone placebo
Each participant will be in the study for around 15 weeks with up to 6 visits to the study site.
Participants will visit the study site:
once before the treatment starts, so the study doctors and their team can check on their health and confirm if the participant can join the study
once in each of the 4 treatment periods for a 6-day stay at the study site with a gap of 14 days between each period. During each stay, they will take the assigned treatment from Days 1 to 5 and the driving test on Days 2 and 6
once, 2 to 3 days after their last treatment so the study doctors and their team can check on their health
During the study, the doctors and their study team will:
check participants' health by performing tests such as blood and urine tests, and checking heart health using an electrocardiogram (ECG)
check the participants' ability to drive and their brain function and level of sleepiness using different tests including a driving simulator test
check the level of the study drugs in participants' blood
ask the participants questions about how they are feeling and what adverse events they are having.
An adverse event is any medical problem that a participant has during a study. Doctors keep track of all adverse events, irrespective of whether they think they are related to the study treatment or not.

开始日期2024-01-08

申办/合作机构

Bayer AG

100 项与 NK3 x NK1R 相关的临床结果

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100 项与 NK3 x NK1R 相关的转化医学

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0 项与 NK3 x NK1R 相关的专利（医药）

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项与 NK3 x NK1R 相关的文献（医药）

2024-05-02·Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy

Elinzanetant, a new combined neurokinin-1/-3 receptor antagonist for the treatment of postmenopausal vasomotor symptoms

Review

作者: Ott, Johannes ; Goldstein, Tal ; Hager, Marlene ; Fitz, Victoria

INTRODUCTIONIn many postmenopausal women, quality of life is decreased due to vasomotor symptoms. Efficient and well-tolerated non-hormonal treatment options are needed.AREAS COVEREDThe present review summarizes what is known about the etiology of postmenopausal vasomotor symptoms as a rationale for the mechanism of action of Elinzanetant, a new neurokinin (NK)-1/-3 receptor antagonist, as well as its efficacy and side effect profile.EXPERT OPINIONElinzanetant likely exerts an antagonistic effect on the NK-3 receptor in the preoptic thermoregulatory zone, but also an additional antagonistic effect on the NK-1 receptor possibly leading to a reduction in vasodilatation and heat-sensing neuro-activity. Elinzanetant's reported peak drug concentrations are reached within one hour and the terminal elimination half-life is approximately 15 hours. Two phase IIb clinical trials evaluated the safety profile and efficacy of several doses. There were no serious adverse events, which also included a lack of evidence of drug-related hepatotoxicity. Overall, Elinzanetant seems to be well-tolerated. In the SWITCH-1 study, the 120 mg/day and 160 mg/day regimen showed good efficacy for the treatment of vasomotor symptoms and led to significant improvements in quality of life. Thus, 120 mg oral Elinzanetant/day was used in phase III trials, whose results have not yet been published.

2023-08-30·Gene

Sequences analysis and pituitary actions of tachykinins in Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis).

Article

作者: Xie, Yunyi ; Zhou, Lingling ; Hu, Guangfu ; Shi, Xuetao ; Du, Hejun ; Shu, Tingting ; Yang, Jing ; Xiao, Kan

Tachykinins belong to a large, evolutionarily conserved family of brain/gut peptides that are involved in a variety of physiological functions in mammals, such as reproductive regulation. However, little information was available about tachykinins in ancient fish lineage. In the present study, we firstly identified three tachykinin genes (named tac1, tac3 and tac4) and three neurokinin receptors (named nk1r, nk2r and nk3r) from Chinese sturgeon brain and pituitary. Sequence analysis showed that tac1 encoded substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA), tac3 encoded neurokinin B (NKB) and NKB-related peptide (NKBRP), and tac4 encoded hemokin 1 (HK-1) and hemokin 2 (HK-2), respectively. The luciferase reporter assay results showed that NK1R preferentially selected asSP, NK2R preferentially selected asNKA, and NK3R preferentially selected asNKB. Tissue expression analysis showed that the three tac genes were highly detected in the telencephalon and hypothalamus, whereas nkr genes were widely expressed in peripheral tissues. Spatio-temporal expression analysis showed that all three tac genes were highly expressed in unknown sex individuals. Intraperitoneal injection experiments showed that both asSP and asNKB could stimulate luteinizing hormone (LH) release in Chinese sturgeon serum. At the transcriptional level, asSP and asNKB could significantly reduce pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone beta (fshβ) mRNA expression, but induce pituitary growth hormone (gh) mRNA expression. In addition, estradiol (E2) could stimulate tac3 mRNA expression in hypothalamus. Taken together, this study provided information on the tachykinin family in Chinese sturgeon and demonstrates that asNKB and asSP could be involved in reproductive and growth regulation in pituitary.

2023-06-30·Cell discovery

Structural insights into neurokinin 3 receptor activation by endogenous and analogue peptide agonists.

Article

作者: Ling, Shenglong ; Sun, Wenjing ; Luo, Yifan ; Yuan, Qingning ; Yang, Fan ; Xu, H Eric ; Yin, Wanchao ; Zhang, Huanhuan ; Shi, Pan ; Li, Zelin ; Wang, Yuanxia ; Tian, Changlin ; Liu, Dongsheng ; Lv, Pei

Neurokinin 3 receptor (NK3R) is a tachykinin receptor essential for the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The endogenous peptide agonist neurokinin B (NKB) preferentially activates NK3R, while substance P (SP) binds preferentially to NK1R. In addition, the SP analogue senktide more potently activates NK3R than NKB and SP. However, the mechanisms of preferential binding of peptide and NK3R activation remain elusive. Herein, we determined the cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the NK3R-G_q complex bound to NKB, SP and senktide. The three NK3R-G_q/peptide complexes utilize a class of noncanonical receptor activation mechanisms. Combining the structural analysis and functional assay illustrated that the consensus C-termini of the three peptide agonists share a conserved binding mode to NK3R, while the divergent N-termini of the peptides confer the preferential binding of the agonist to NK3R. In addition, the specific interactions between the N-terminus of senktide and the N-terminus and extracellular loops (ECL2 and ECL3) of NK3R lead to the improved activation displayed by senktide compared to SP and NKB. These findings pave the way to understand tachykinin receptor subtype selectivity and provide ideas to rationally develop drugs targeting NK3R.

项与 NK3 x NK1R 相关的新闻（医药）

2024-10-18

·药智网

更年期新疗法的「双雄大战」

根据联合国世界卫生组织估计，到2030年，全球更年期女性人口预计将增加到12亿，我国的更年期女性超过2.1亿。高达80%的更年期女性会经历VMS（Vasomotor symptoms，潮热），在末次月经后平均持续7至10年，其中三分之一的女性报告会出现非常频繁或严重的症状。 HRT（hormone replacement therapy，激素替代疗法）是目前批准用于治疗VMS的标准疗法。但是，有许多女性由于医疗禁忌症（如激素相关癌症）或疗法风险，不适合或拒绝接受激素治疗。新的创新疗法亟待出世。 01 激素敏感患者的标准疗法缺位 VMS症状会对睡眠、情绪、认知功能、社交互动、人际关系和工作表现产生极大的负面影响，导致疲劳、焦虑、抑郁等。从全球市场来看，根据Gandview的报告，2022年全球更年期市场规模为169亿美元，预计2023年至2030年的复合年增长率(CAGR)将达到5.33%，总额突破250亿美元。从国内市场来看，2020年我国更年期用药行业市场规模为107.7亿元，同比增长10.8%。2021年市场规模达到119.27亿元，同比增长12.5%。经机构预测，至2030年，市场规模预计突破300亿元。随着人口老龄化加剧，更年期药物市场规模将持续上涨。目前VMS治疗药物按时间线与作用机制主要可以分为3种，HRT药物、HRT替代药物、神经激肽受体拮抗剂。表1 VMS治疗药物分类数据来源：公开资料整理截至目前，HRT仍然是治疗VMS的金标准，但是HRT并非适合所有人。有些人可能有对HRT成分的过敏反应，或者存在患乳腺癌、子宫内膜癌、血栓形成等重大健康风险的情况下，不适合接受HRT。此外，HRT也存在一些风险，如卒中和血栓形成的风险增加。文献显示，HRT不适用于激素敏感的癌症，雌激素在理论上对表达雌激素受体(ER)和/或使用抗雌激素治疗的肿瘤构成危险。并且，一项研究显示更年期症状和疼痛会降低乳腺癌辅助内分泌治疗的依从性，从而导致多达50%的妇女死亡率可能上升20%。虽然出现一些替代HRT治疗的办法，包括SSRIS、加巴喷丁/普瑞巴林等。但由于药物设计之初并非用于VMS，这些通过拓展适应症而来的药物疗法通常不如HRT有效，而且往往受到副作用的限制。因此，目前还没有治疗激素敏感患者（如乳腺癌患者）的VMS标准疗法。 02 新疗法的「双雄大战」众所周知，哺乳动物的生殖功能主要受到下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴（HPG）的调控，性腺接收到来自上游的信号刺激后分泌相应性激素，且可以通过正负反馈对下丘脑与垂体进行调控。与HRT疗法的“缺啥补啥”不同，神经激肽受体拮抗剂着眼于从生殖控制途径的上游来治疗VMS。根据遗传证据表明，kisspeptin以及NKB（neurokininB，神经激肽B）及其受体NK3R对人类青春期和成年两性的生殖功能起着重要作用。这两种神经肽被证明在一组下丘脑神经元中部分共定位，且与Dy(opioid neuropeptide dynorphin，阿片类神经肽强啡肽)共定位，因此，这些神经元被称为“KNDy”神经元。大量研究探索它们在控制促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)中的作用，因此成为哺乳动物生殖的主要调节器。研究发现NKB在绝经后女性的下丘脑中过度表达，且介导与更年期雌激素缺乏相关的VMS。因此，NKB/NK3成了治疗VMS的潜力靶点。图1 NKB/NK3的作用机制图片来源：参考来源4 截至目前，商业化进度最快的是安斯泰来的Fezolinetant（非唑奈坦）与拜耳的Elinzanetant（依林奈坦）。安斯泰来的Fezolinetant是全球首款非激素类NK3R拮抗剂，分别在2023年5月和12月在美国和欧洲获批，商品名为Veozah®和Veoza®。此外，其在中国进行的III期MOONLIGHT3研究也取得了积极的关键结果。据Evaluate Pharma公司预测，到2028年，Fezolinetant的销售额将达到19亿美元，将成为安斯泰来的又一重磅炸弹药物。至此，安斯泰来开启了VMS治疗的新时代。 Elinzanetant紧跟其后，2024年10月9日，拜耳宣布美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）接受了Elinzanetant的新药申请。随后在2024年10月15日，拜耳已向欧洲药品管理局（EMA）提交了Elinzanetant的上市许可申请（MAA）。 Elinzanetant是首个双重神经激肽-1和3（NK-1和3）受体拮抗剂，与其他类似药物在发展中的不同之处在于它同时靶向NK1和NK3受体。目前，有证据支持NK3R和NK1R共同参与热调节的中枢调控。从三期临床结果做个简单对比，首先，无论是Fezolinetant还是Elinzanetant相较于安慰剂，都能显著降低VMS的发作频率。表2 Fezolinetant与Elinzanetant药效对比数据来源：参考来源4、6 但从降低数值上来看，似乎Elinzanetant略有提升，原因可能在于其同时靶向NK1和NK3受体，从而提升了其药效。因此，相信Elinzanetant上市之后将为拜耳带来惊喜，并对Fezolinetant造成冲击。对Fezolinetant而言，如何利用自己“first in class”的先发优势，快速“跑马圈地”才是正途。目前Fezolinetant已经涵盖了血管疾病、潮热、平滑肌瘤、多囊卵巢综合征、肾脏疾病等多种适应症。在VMS的开发方面，目前除了在美国、欧洲获得批准外，Fezolinetant还已经进入英国、加拿大和西班牙、中国的临床3期试验阶段。此外，2024年10月10日，安斯泰来宣布月底将在世界更年期大会期间对Fezolinetant进行四次口头报告和两次海报展示。竞速赛的枪声已经打响。除了进展最快的Fezolinetant、Elinzanetant外，数据统计，目前全球共有25款靶向NK3的药物，但大多数研究已终止或无进展，剩下处于正常开发状态的包括Sojournix的SJX-653、赛诺菲的奥沙奈坦、Biorbyt的SCH-206272，但进度缓慢。短期内，神经激肽受体拮抗剂这一创新疗法市场都将是Fezolinetant、Elinzanetant的双人舞台，之后谁将拿下“神经激肽受体拮抗剂药王”之称，我们拭目以待。参考来源： 1、Efficacy and safety of elinzanetant,a selective neurokinin-1,3 receptor antagonist for vasomotor symptoms:a dose-finding clinical trial(SWITCH-1).DOI:10.1097/GME.0000000000002138 2、Non-hormonal pharmacological interventions for managing vasomotor symptoms-how can we help:2024 landscape.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.09.013 3、《中国更年期用药行业市场前瞻与投资战略规划分析报告》，智研瞻产业研究院 4、Elinzanetant:a phase III therapy for postmenopausal patients with vasomotor symptoms.https://doi.org/10.1080/13543784.2024.2305122 5、Efficacy and Safety of Fezolinetant in Moderate to Severe Vasomotor Symptoms Associated With Menopause:A Phase 3 RCT.https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgad058 6、Elinzanetant for the Treatment of Vasomotor Symptoms Associated With Menopause OASIS 1 and 2 Randomized Clinical Trials.AMA.Published online August 22,2024.doi:10.1001/jama.2024.14618 声明：本内容仅用作医药行业信息传播，为作者独立观点，不代表药智网立场。如需转载，请务必注明文章作者和来源。对本文有异议或投诉，请联系maxuelian@yaozh.com。责任编辑 | 史蒂文转载开白 | 马老师 18996384680（同微信）商务合作 | 王存星 19922864877（同微信）阅读原文，是受欢迎的文章哦

临床结果临床研究

2024-09-13

·BioSpace

Astellas’ Hot Flash Drug Veozah Slapped With Another FDA Warning for Liver Injury

Astellas’ headquarters for the Americas iStock, JHVEPhoto One patient developed elevated liver blood tests after receiving Astellas Pharma’s non-hormonal small molecule blocker, leading the regulator to add a warning to the drug’s label. The FDA on Thursday added a warning to the label of Astellas Pharma ’s hot flash therapy Veozah (fezolinetant), alerting patients and prescribers to a newly documented risk of “rare but serious” liver injury. The new warning was prompted by a postmarketing review of a patient who was taking Veozah and subsequently saw spikes in liver blood test values. The patient also showed signs of liver injury after being treated for around 40 days, according to the regulator. Per Veozah’s updated label , prescribers should test their patients’ blood liver markers more frequently, including monthly screens for the first two months after initiating Veozah, followed by additional tests after three, six and nine months. Doctors and prescribers should also conduct hepatic testing before starting patients on Veozah. In case of signs that could indicate liver problems, patients should stop taking Veozah “immediately” and contact their healthcare professional, according to the FDA. Common symptoms of liver harm include fatigue, jaundice, nausea and vomiting, as well as unusual itching and light-colored stools. Despite being a hit to Veozah’s safety profile, Thursday’s label seems unlikely to substantially hurt Astellas. Jeffries analysts in a note to investors said that the new warning “strengthened Veozah’s label” and that while the additional testing requirements will put more burden on patients, they “may not have much impact on demand overall.” Administered orally, Veozah is a non-hormonal small molecule blocker of the NK3 receptor which plays a part in the signaling cascade that results in the release of specific hormones involved in the menstrual cycle. Veozah specifically acts on neurons in the brain’s thermoregulatory centers, allowing it to reduce the frequency and intensity of hot flashes and night sweats. The FDA approved Veozah in May 2023 for women in menopause. In December 2023, Astellas unveiled more Phase IIIb data for Veozah, touting statistically significant improvements in moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms in patients at 24 weeks compared with placebo. Veozah also reduced sleep disturbance in these patients. At the time, the pharma noted that these findings will help it with reimbursement negotiations in Europe. Bayer is also advancing a non-hormonal competitor to Veozah. Elinzanetant is a small molecule dual inhibitor of the NK1 and NK3 receptors, which the pharma is also positioning as a treatment for moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms in menopause. Bayer won rights to elinzanetant when it bought KaNDy Therapeutics in August 2020 for $425 million upfront . In May 2024, Bayer reported data from its pivotal Phase III OASIS 1 and OASIS 2 studies, demonstrating that elinzanetant significantly lowered the frequency of hot flashes, reduced sleep disturbances and improved menopause-related quality of life.

临床结果上市批准并购临床3期

2024-09-04

·CPHI制药在线

治疗更年期潮热，拜耳NK1/NK3受体拮抗剂elinzanetant向FDA递交上市申请

关注并星标CPHI制药在线近日，拜耳（Bayer）已向美国FDA提交了一份新药申请（NDA），寻求批准在研疗法elinzanetant用于治疗与更年期相关的中度至重度血管运动症状（VMS，也称为潮热）。如果获得批准，这将是第二种治疗热潮红的非激素药物。此次申请基于OASIS 1、2和3研究的积极结果，评估了elinzanetant与安慰剂的疗效和安全性。研究结果显示，elinzanetant(每日一次口服120毫克)显著降低了中重度VMS的频率和严重程度，并显示出良好的安全性，在elinzanetant组中，头痛和疲劳是最常见的治疗紧急不良事件(TEAE)。 Elinzanetant是第一个双重神经激肽-1，3（NK-1，3）受体拮抗剂，每天一次口服给药，它可通过调节下丘脑中的雌激素敏感神经元（KNDy神经元）来解决VMS问题。拜耳在2020年斥资约8.75亿美元（包括4.25亿美元前期付款和4.5亿美元里程碑付款）收购了KaNDy Therapeutics公司，囊获这款潜在“first-in-class”疗法。 NK3受体拮抗剂在更年期潮热市场潜力渐起血管舒缩症（VMS），即更年期绝经后妇女潮热和盗汗症状。更年期是女性生命中正常、自然的变化，通常发生在45岁到55岁之间，大约80%的更年期妇女会出现潮热，包括持续几分钟的出汗、潮红和发冷，其中约三分之一的女性长达十年都患有中度至重度血管舒缩症。血管舒缩症状给围绝经期女性的生活工作都带来严重困扰，但传统治疗方法仍有局限。目前缓解绝经相关VMS最常用的治疗方法为绝经激素治疗。然而，绝经激素治疗的使用禁忌症较多，具有治疗窗口期，研究证明还可能会增加乳腺癌、心血管疾病和血栓栓塞发生风险。神经激肽3受体（NK3R）参与大脑调节体温的机制。研究显示，针对NK3R的拮抗剂可以阻断神经激肽B（NKB）的信号通路，调控下视丘温度调节中心的神经活动，进而降低中重度停经血管舒缩症状的频率与严重程度。目前多家药企正在开发用于绝经期女性潮热的NK3受体拮抗剂，为不能或不愿接受激素疗法的患者提供新的治疗选择。据美国Female Founders Fund的研究数据显示，预计2025年全球将有11亿更年期女性，而更年期市场将达到6000亿美元的规模。在更年期管理中，有效的药物治疗是关键，更年期综合征对女性健康的影响日益显现，但同时该领域缺乏有效的药物，这就意味着该领域的市场潜力巨大。拜耳将是安斯泰来强劲对手，国内豪森金赛药业领衔现阶段仅有一款治疗VMS的NK3受体拮抗剂获批上市，即安斯泰来的小分子口服药物非唑奈坦片（fezolinetant，商品名Veozah）。其他在研的NK3受体拮抗剂除了拜耳的Elinzanetant（NDA）和赛诺菲的Osanetant（2期）外，Sojournix的SJX-653（2期）、第一三共的CS-003（2期）和Millendo的Pavinetant（2期）的临床试验目前都处于终止的状态。国内方面，豪森的HS-10384领跑国产赛道，已进入3期临床，金赛药业的GS1-144紧随其后，处于1期临床阶段。 Fezolinetant最早由比利时药企Ogeda开发，2017年安斯泰来以5亿欧元（约合5.34亿美元）的价格收购Ogeda获得这款药物。2023年5月，美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)已经批准Veozah (fezolinetant)用于治疗因绝经引起的中度至重度血管舒缩症状(VMS)，Veozah是首款获FDA批准用以治疗此类患者的神经激肽3（NK3）受体拮抗剂，也是FDA批准用于治疗因绝经引起的中度至重度血管舒缩症状(VMS)的首个非激素疗法。全球VMS市场潜力庞大且持续增长。据预测，2027年fezolinetant销量有望高达15亿美元，到 2029 年将达到 25 亿美元。目前Fezolinetant已经取得了先发优势，至于Fezolinetant能否快速抢占市场，这还要看后续真实世界的疗效以及营销手段。同时Fezolinetant还面临着Elinzanetant的追赶，若Elinzanetant成功上市，NK1/NK3双靶点受体拮抗剂是否优于单靶点NK3受体拮抗剂，到时免不了一番激烈竞争，疗效胜者为王。另外，目前开发NK3受体拮抗剂用于VMS的赛道尚不拥挤，但未来在仿制药和创新药的共同角逐下，竞争将逐渐激烈。国内在此布局的药企应抓住窗口期，早日将产品推向市场。参考来源： 1.Utian WH. Psychosocial and socioeconomic burden of vasomotor symptoms in menopause: a comprehensive review. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2005;3:47. 2.Kimball A Johnson and others, Efficacy and Safety of Fezolinetant in Moderate to Severe Vasomotor Symptoms Associated With Menopause: A Phase 3 RCT, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2023;, dgad058. 3.S. Lederman, F.D. Ottery, A. Cano, et al. Fezolinetant for treatment of moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause (SKYLIGHT 1): a phase 3 randomised controlled study, Lancet, 401 (2023) 1091-1102. 4.Simon, JA; Anderson, RA; Ballantyne, E, et al. (2023). Efficacy and safety of elinzanetant, a selective neurokinin-1,3 receptor antagonist for vasomotor symptoms: a dose-finding clinical trial (SWITCH-1). Menopause; 30 (3): 239–246. 26 5.Trower, M; Anderson, RA; Ballantyne, E, et al. (2020). Effects of NT-814, a dual neurokinin 1 and 3 receptor antagonist, on vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women: a placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Menopause; 27 (5): 498–505. END 【智药研习社直播预告】来源：CPHI制药在线声明：本文仅代表作者观点，并不代表制药在线立场。本网站内容仅出于传递更多信息之目的。如需转载，请务必注明文章来源和作者。投稿邮箱：Kelly.Xiao@imsinoexpo.com ▼更多制药资讯，请关注CPHI制药在线▼ 点击阅读原文，进入智药研习社~

并购临床结果临床研究申请上市细胞疗法