更新于：2024-05-01

PTGDS

前列腺素-H2 D-异构酶

更新于：2024-05-01

基本信息

别名

Beta-trace protein、Cerebrin-28、Glutathione-independent PGD synthase

+ [14]

简介

Catalyzes the conversion of PGH2 to PGD2, a prostaglandin involved in smooth muscle contraction/relaxation and a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation (PubMed:20667974). Involved in a variety of CNS functions, such as sedation, NREM sleep and PGE2-induced allodynia, and may have an anti-apoptotic role in oligodendrocytes. Binds small non-substrate lipophilic molecules, including biliverdin, bilirubin, retinal, retinoic acid and thyroid hormone, and may act as a scavenger for harmful hydrophobic molecules and as a secretory retinoid and thyroid hormone transporter. Possibly involved in development and maintenance of the blood-brain, blood-retina, blood-aqueous humor and blood-testis barrier. It is likely to play important roles in both maturation and maintenance of the central nervous system and male reproductive system (PubMed:20667974, PubMed:9475419). Involved in PLA2G3-dependent maturation of mast cells. PLA2G3 is secreted by immature mast cells and acts on nearby fibroblasts upstream to PTDGS to synthesize PGD2, which in turn promotes mast cell maturation and degranulation via PTGDR (By similarity).

关联

项与 PTGDS 相关的药物

Pizuglanstat

靶点

PTGDS

作用机制

PTGDS抑制剂

在研机构

Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. [+1]

原研机构

Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

在研适应症

杜氏肌营养不良症

非在研适应症-

最高研发阶段临床3期

首次获批国家/地区-

首次获批日期1800-01-20

AT-56

靶点

PTGDS

作用机制

PTGDS抑制剂

在研机构

山东大学

原研机构

山东大学

在研适应症

外周T细胞淋巴瘤

非在研适应症-

最高研发阶段临床前

首次获批国家/地区-

首次获批日期1800-01-20

KMN-010034

靶点

PTGDS

作用机制

PTGDS抑制剂

在研机构-

原研机构

Cayman Chemical Co., Inc.

在研适应症-

非在研适应症-

最高研发阶段无进展

首次获批国家/地区-

首次获批日期1800-01-20

项与 PTGDS 相关的临床试验

JPRN-jRCT2071230028 / Recruiting临床1期

A phase 1 open-label study evaluating the effects of food on TAS-205 in healthy volunteers

开始日期2023-07-20

申办/合作机构-

NCT04825431 / Completed临床1期

A Phase 1 Open-label Study Evaluating the Pharmacokinetics and Mass Balance of [14C] TAS-205 in Healthy Volunteers

To evaluate the pharmacokinetics, mass balance recovery, metabolite profile and metabolite identification of [14C]TAS-205 following oral single doses.

开始日期2021-03-22

申办/合作机构

Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

JPRN-jRCT2041200055 / Recruiting临床3期

A phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind and open-label, extension study of TAS-205 in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy - REACH-DMD

开始日期2020-12-22

申办/合作机构-

100 项与 PTGDS 相关的临床结果

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100 项与 PTGDS 相关的转化医学

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0 项与 PTGDS 相关的专利（医药）

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824

项与 PTGDS 相关的文献（医药）

2024-01-30·BMC genomics

A novel diabetic foot ulcer diagnostic model: identification and analysis of genes related to glutamine metabolism and immune infiltration.

Article

作者: Hongshuo Shi ; Xin Yuan ; Xiao Yang ; Renyan Huang ; Weijing Fan ; Guobin Liu

BACKGROUND:

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most common and severe complications of diabetes, with vascular changes, neuropathy, and infections being the primary pathological mechanisms. Glutamine (Gln) metabolism has been found to play a crucial role in diabetes complications. This study aims to identify and validate potential Gln metabolism biomarkers associated with DFU through bioinformatics and machine learning analysis.

METHODS:

We downloaded two microarray datasets related to DFU patients from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, namely GSE134431, GSE68183, and GSE80178. From the GSE134431 dataset, we obtained differentially expressed Gln-metabolism related genes (deGlnMRGs) between DFU and normal controls. We analyzed the correlation between deGlnMRGs and immune cell infiltration status. We also explored the relationship between GlnMRGs molecular clusters and immune cell infiltration status. Notably, WGCNA to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) within specific clusters. Additionally, we conducted GSVA to annotate enriched genes. Subsequently, we constructed and screened the best machine learning model. Finally, we validated the predictions' accuracy using a nomogram, calibration curves, decision curve analysis (DCA), and the GSE134431, GSE68183, and GSE80178 dataset.

RESULTS:

In both the DFU and normal control groups, we confirmed the presence of deGlnMRGs and an activated immune response. From the GSE134431 dataset, we obtained 20 deGlnMRGs, including CTPS1, NAGS, SLC7A11, GGT1, GCLM, RIMKLA, ARG2, ASL, ASNS, ASNSD1, PPAT, GLS2, GLUD1, MECP2, ASS1, PRODH, CTPS2, ALDH5A1, DGLUCY, and SLC25A12. Furthermore, two clusters were identified in DFU. Immune infiltration analysis indicated the presence of immune heterogeneity in these two clusters. Additionally, we established a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model based on 5 genes (R3HCC1, ZNF562, MFN1, DRAM1, and PTGDS), which exhibited excellent performance on the external validation datasetGSE134431, GSE68183, and GSE80178 (AUC = 0.929).

CONCLUSION:

This study has identified five Gln metabolism genes associated with DFU, revealing potential novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for DFU. Additionally, the infiltration of immune-inflammatory cells plays a crucial role in the progression of DFU.

2024-01-15·Heliyon

The tertiary lymphoid structure-related signature identified PTGDS in regulating PD-L1 and promoting the proliferation and migration of glioblastoma.

Article

作者: Wantao Wu ; He Li ; Zeyu Wang ; Ziyu Dai ; Xisong Liang ; Peng Luo ; Kun Liu ; Hao Zhang ; Nan Zhang ; Shuyu Li ; Chi Zhang

Background:

Tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) is a unique organ that carries out tumor cell elimination at tumor sites. It is continuously stimulated by inflammatory tumor signals and has been found to augment immunotherapy response. However, the detailed mechanisms behind it still need to be defined.

Methods:

To explore and grasp the whole picture of TLS from a pan-cancer view, we collected nine TLS-related genes from previous studies. We performed a comprehensive analysis of 9637 samples across 33 tumor types accessed from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. EdU, Transwell, and flow cytometry were performed on the feature gene PTGDS in U251 cells. The regulatory role of PTGDS on PD-L1 expression and macrophage polarization was verified.

Results:

Alteration analysis showed that mutations of TLS-related genes were widespread and relatively high. Clustering analysis based on the expression of these nine genes obtained two distinct clusters, with high EIF1AY and PTGDS in cluster 2 and better overall survival in cluster 1. To distinguish the two clusters, we utilized six machine learning algorithms and filtrated EIF1AY, PTGDS, SKAP1, and RBP5 as the characteristic genes, among which the former two genes were proved to be hazardous. PTGDS was found to regulate PD-L1 expression and also promoted the proliferation and migration of U251 cells. The knockdown of PTGDS could reduce the migration of macrophages and inhibit the polarization of macrophages into M2-phenotype. In addition, we established a TLS score to demonstrate patients' TLS activity. The low TLS-score group overlapped with cluster 1 and displayed a better prognosis. Besides, the low TLS-score group was related to better immunotherapy responses. The HE staining of histopathological sections confirmed that the low TLS-score group exhibited higher infiltration of immune cells.

Conclusion:

This study reveals broad molecular, tumorigenic, and immunogenic signatures for further functional and therapeutic studies of tertiary lymphoid structure. The TLS score we established effectively predicted immunotherapy response and patients' survival. Its future application and combination await more research.

2024-01-01·Experimental eye research

Induction of human ESC-derived and adult primary multipotent limbal stem cells into retinal pigment epithelial cells and corneal stromal stem cells.

Article

作者: Juan Yang ; Meiyu Tian ; Jinyang Li ; Yu Chen ; Shichao Lin ; Xiaoyin Ma ; Wei Chen ; Ling Hou

Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)- and human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) therapies are promising alternatives for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases caused by RPE degeneration. The generation of autologous RPE cells from human adult donors, which has the advantage of avoiding immune rejection and teratoma formation, is an alternative cell resource to gain mechanistic insight into and test potential therapies for RPE degenerative diseases. Here, we found that limbal stem cells (LSCs) from hESCs and adult primary human limbus have the potential to produce RPE cells and corneal stromal stem cells (CSSCs). We showed that hESC-LSC-derived RPE cells (LSC-RPE) expressed RPE markers, had a phagocytic function, and synthesized tropical factors. Furthermore, during differentiation from LSCs to RPE cells, cells became pigmented, accompanied by a decrease in the level of LSC marker KRT15 and an increase in the level of RPE marker MITF. The Wnt signaling pathway plays a role in LSC-RPE fate transition, promotes MITF expression in the nucleus, and encourages RPE fate transition. In addition, we also showed that primary LSCs (pLSCs) from adult human limbus similar to hESC-LSC could generate RPE cells, which was supported by the co-expression of LSC and RPE cell markers (KRT15/OTX2, KRT15/MITF), suggesting the transition from pLSC to RPE cells, and typical polygonal morphology, melanization, RPE cell marker genes expression (TYR, RPE65), tight junction formation by ZO-1 expression, and the most crucial phagocytotic function. On the other hand, both hESC-LSCs and pLSCs also differentiated into CSSCs (LSC-CSSCs) that expressed stem cell markers (PAX6, NESTIN), presented MSC features, including surface marker expression and trilineage differentiation capability, like those in human CSSCs. Furthermore, the capability of pLSC-CSSC to differentiate into cells expressing keratocyte marker genes (ALDH3A1, PTGDS, PDK4) indicated the potential to induce keratocytes. These results suggest that the adult pLSC is an alternative cell resource, and its application provides a novel potential therapeutic avenue for preventing RPE dysfunction-related retinal degenerative diseases and corneal scarring.

项与 PTGDS 相关的新闻（医药）

2023-11-28

·生物谷

Cell | 张二荃实验室揭示睡眠不足导致炎症反应的生理机制

对绝大多数动物而言，睡眠不可或缺，人类一生要花费约1/3的时间用于睡眠，而睡眠不足会导致多种健康问题，引发炎症或慢性免疫系统疾病1,2。动物实验表明，长时间睡眠剥夺会导致其个体死亡3-5。然而，哺乳动物的睡眠如何调控免疫系统，睡眠不足又如何带来负面的健康影响，其机制尚未厘清。2023年11月27日，北京生命科学研究所/清华大学生物医学交叉研究院张二荃实验室在Cell上在线发表了题为Prolonged sleep deprivation induces a cytokine storm-like syndrome in mammals的研究论文。该研究发现小鼠长时间睡眠剥夺将导致严重细胞因子风暴，并且揭示了睡眠剥夺导致外周免疫反应的神经分子机制——脑源PGD2/DP1信号通路。在此研究课题中，张二荃实验室研究人员首创了一套适用于小鼠的定名为“Curling Prevention by Water”(CPW)的睡眠剥夺系统(图1)，通过脑电图/肌电图(EEG/EMG)记录实验组小鼠和对照组小鼠的睡眠/觉醒情况，确认该系统可以持续剥夺小鼠95%以上的睡眠。该系统相较于传统的实验动物转杆睡眠剥夺系统(Stand Alone Sleep Deprivation，SASD)，可以在不引入更多环境刺激和保证实验通量的基础上极大提高睡眠剥夺效率，从而帮助研究人员可以观察到长时间睡眠剥夺后对哺乳动物带来的生理后果。图1Curling Prevention by Water睡眠剥夺系统哈佛医学院的Rogulja实验室于2020年在Cell上发表以果蝇为研究对象，研究睡眠剥夺对动物产生的生理后果。他们发现睡眠剥夺的果蝇在肠道中积累了大量活性氧(ROS)，从而显著缩短了睡眠剥夺果蝇的寿命4。尽管他们也在睡眠剥夺的小鼠中发现，其肠道ROS含量相较于对照组小鼠显著上升，但并未发现睡眠剥夺会导致小鼠死亡，因而高等的如哺乳动物中是否存在类似的现象、其可能的作用机制仍不明确。本实验中，张二荃实验室研究人员发现小鼠肠道ROS的积累与小鼠在睡眠剥夺后免疫反应强度相关，这说明了ROS产生在免疫激活反应的下游，而非上游；更重要的是，为小鼠提供N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)和硫辛酸(lipoic acid)等抗氧化剂4 并不能缓解小鼠睡眠剥夺致死的现象，这些都说明不能把果蝇睡眠剥夺致死的机制简单地推广到小鼠：虽然哺乳动物中长时间完全地睡眠剥夺也会致死，但致死原因与肠道ROS积累无关(既非充分也非必要条件)。研究人员应用CPW系统对小鼠进行长时间睡眠剥夺时发现，对小鼠进行4天连续睡眠剥夺后，高达70%以上小鼠会死于严重的多器官衰竭。在睡眠剥夺过程中，小鼠血液中的促炎性的细胞因子(如IL-6和IL-17A)和趋化因子(如CXCL1和CXCL2)迅速积累，并将中性粒细胞从骨髓招募到循环系统中，从而导致小鼠出现中性粒细胞增多症。随着促炎性的细胞因子与趋化因子的持续性积累，小鼠出现由细胞因子风暴诱发的多器官功能障碍综合征(multiple organ dysregulation syndrome，MODS)，最终导致小鼠的死亡。睡眠不足导致的炎症反应，一般都会被解释为免疫力下降，进而招致的外界细菌或病毒感染。但为了厘清到底是免疫能力减弱，还是反过来的免疫反应过强导致的个体死亡，研究人员做了以下实验：一是在睡眠剥夺过程中，为小鼠提供抗细胞因子风暴药物能够缓和睡眠剥夺导致的免疫反应并延长小鼠的存活时间。二是将野生型小鼠替换为免疫缺陷品系(M-NSG)小鼠。如果是因为免疫力弱而由外界病原体感染导致死亡的话，M-NSG小鼠预期应该会更快地死亡。但事实上，对这种小鼠进行长达一周的睡眠剥夺都不会有个体死亡。以上实验说明了不睡觉导致的死亡真正原因是免疫系统的过度激活(这与引发人体新冠重症的“细胞因子风暴”类似)。除此之外，为了研究睡眠剥夺如何调控免疫反应，研究人员首先探究睡眠剥夺如何影响大脑神经系统的功能。研究人员发现睡眠剥夺导致的免疫反应并非通过大脑向外周的直接神经投射进行调控，而是通过大脑产生的特定分子释放到外周循环系统进而诱发的。睡眠剥夺后，小鼠的血脑屏障的主动外排(active efflux)活动持续显著增强。血脑屏障的主动外排活动由ABC转运受体介导，而这其中，通过药物和抑制ABCC家族转运受体能够缓和睡眠剥夺小鼠体内的免疫反应并且延长睡眠剥夺小鼠的存活时间。因而，研究人员推断睡眠剥夺导致的免疫反应由ABCC转运受体的某种底物介导；在睡眠剥夺过程中，随着血脑屏障主动外排活动从大脑转运到外周，进而引起免疫反应。应用北京大学李毓龙实验室最新开发的GRAB(GPCR activation-based)探针，研究人员发现，睡眠剥夺后PGD2(前列腺素D2)在大脑内积累显著增加。同时，研究人员还应用UPLC-MS质谱检测到循环系统中PGD2相对稳定的代谢物Tetranor-PGDM含量也显著增加。为进一步验证PGD2在睡眠剥夺后的转运情况，研究人员使用3H标记的PGD2进行了小鼠活体血脑屏障主动外排指数BEI(BBB Efflux Index)检测，发现睡眠剥夺后PGD2转运到外周循环系统的速度明显提高。研究人员使用遗传学手段验证PGD2在睡眠剥夺导致的免疫反应中发挥的核心作用：分别对脑内PGD2合成酶(包括全身敲除的Ptgds-/-、和应用脑内嵌合基因敲除技术6 获得的PtgdsBKO)，以及将由脑内PGD2 efflux出来的特异性转运受体Abcc4-/-小鼠，进行睡眠剥夺，发现这些遗传突变鼠都能够显著降低诱发的炎症反应和延长小鼠存活时间。最后，研究人员发现静脉注射PGD2受体(DP1)激动剂能够诱发正常小鼠出现与睡眠剥夺小鼠类似的中性粒细胞增多症；同时，在睡眠剥夺过程中，如果为小鼠提供DP1拮抗剂，则能显著缓和小鼠因睡眠剥夺导致的炎症反应。这些结果也印证了睡眠剥夺导致的免疫激活反应依赖于从脑源的PGD2到外周器官DP1的信号通路(图二)。该研究不仅为解释和解决睡眠不足导致的健康问题奠定了基础，而且有助于深入理解睡眠如何与其他生物学过程相互作用，从而进一步阐释睡眠的功能与意义。图2 睡眠剥夺导致细胞因子风暴的通路模型原文链接：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2023.10.025本文仅用于学术分享，转载请注明出处。若有侵权，请联系微信：bioonSir 删除或修改！

临床研究