Abstract:The Aurora Kinase family (AKI) is composed of serine-threonine protein kinases
involved in the modulation of the cell cycle and mitosis. These kinases are required
for regulating the adherence of hereditary-related data. Members of this family can be categorized
into aurora kinase A (Ark-A), aurora kinase B (Ark-B), and aurora kinase C
(Ark-C), consisting of highly conserved threonine protein kinases. These kinases can modulate
cell processes such as spindle assembly, checkpoint pathway, and cytokinesis during
cell division. The main aim of this review is to explore recent updates on the oncogenic
signaling of aurora kinases in chemosensitive/chemoresistant cancers and to explore
the various medicinal chemistry approaches to target these kinases. We searched
Pubmed, Scopus, NLM, Pubchem, and Relemed to obtain information pertinent to the updated
signaling role of aurora kinases and medicinal chemistry approaches and discussed
the recently updated roles of each aurora kinases and their downstream signaling cascades
in the progression of several chemosensitive/chemoresistant cancers; subsequently,
we discussed the natural products (scoulerine, Corynoline, Hesperidin Jadomycin-B, fisetin),
and synthetic, medicinal chemistry molecules as aurora kinase inhibitors (AKIs). Several
natural products' efficacy was explained as AKIs in chemosensitization and chemoresistant
cancers. For instance, novel triazole molecules have been used against gastric cancer,
whereas cyanopyridines are used against colorectal cancer and trifluoroacetate derivatives
could be used for esophageal cancer. Furthermore, quinolone hydrazine derivatives
can be used to target breast cancer and cervical cancer. In contrast, the indole derivatives
can be preferred to target oral cancer whereas thiosemicarbazone-indole could be
used against prostate cancer, as reported in an earlier investigation against cancerous
cells. Moreover, these chemical derivatives can be examined as AKIs through preclinical
studies. In addition, the synthesis of novel AKIs through these medicinal chemistry substrates
in the laboratory using in silico and synthetic routes could be beneficial to develop
prospective novel AKIs to target chemoresistant cancers. This study is beneficial to oncologists,
chemists, and medicinal chemists to explore novel chemical moiety synthesis
to target specifically the peptide sequences of aurora kinases in several chemoresistant
cancer cell types.