编者按:在近日举行的2025年ASCO大会上,伦敦大学泌尿生殖系癌症教授、巴特癌症中心主任Thomas Powles教授的一项III期NIAGARA研究入选了口头报告(摘要号4503),探讨了度伐利尤单抗联合新辅助化疗(NAC)及根治性膀胱切除术(RC)治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌(MlBC)患者的无病生存期(DFS)结局;同时,ASCO大会也公布了EV-302临床试验中达到深度缓解患者的探索性分析。《肿瘤瞭望-泌尿时讯》特邀Thomas Powles教授,就NIAGARA试验以及EV-302试验的试验结果和临床意义进行深入交流,以期为临床医生提供见解与指导。研究者说01《肿瘤瞭望-泌尿时讯》NIAGARA III期试验结果公布,哪些数据支持度伐利尤单抗成为MIBC围手术期治疗的新标准?相较于传统新辅助化疗,该方案的优势体现在哪些方面?Thomas Powles 教授伦敦大学泌尿生殖系癌症教授、巴特癌症中心主任NIAGARA研究是一项随机、开放标签、多中心的III期临床试验,汇报了围手术期度伐利尤单抗联合新辅助化疗(NAC)及根治性膀胱切除术(RC)治疗符合顺铂方案的MlBC患者的DFS结局。该研究共纳入1063例患者,按1:1的比例随机分为治疗组(n=533)和对照组(n=530),其中165例患者的肿瘤分化程度不同或存在其他组织学亚型。结果显示,在接受RC的患者中,与对照组相比,治疗组的生存期得到延长,OS的改善达到了25%,pCR率提高了10%(42% vs 33%);在行RC且术后进行基线检查的患者中,治疗组患者的疾病复发或死亡风险比对照组低31%(DFS HR:0.69;95% CI:0.51 - 0.93;P=0.014);对照组在不同亚组中均观察到了DFS获益,包括分化程度不同/其他组织学亚型的患者(HR:0.45;95% CI:0.19 - 0.99)。与对照组相比,治疗组患者在pCR组(HR:0.58;95% CI:0.33 - 1.00)和非pCR组(HR:0.82;95%CI:0.64 - 1.05)中均获得了更大的DFS获益。值得注意的是,该研究并未增加与化疗安全性相关的毒性,也未出现新的安全信号。该研究是首个MIBC患者总生存期得到改善的围手术期试验。基于该研究结果,FDA于2025年3月28日批准度伐利尤单抗联合吉西他滨和顺铂作为新辅助治疗,随后以单药作为RC后的辅助治疗,用于治疗MIBC成人患者。因此,对于适合顺铂治疗的MIBC患者,应将其视为标准治疗方案。Prof. Thomas Powles:Firstly, thank you for asking me here. The NIAGARA study is a randomized phase 3 study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and cystectomy plus or minus perioperative durvalumab before and after cystectomy. It's a randomized phase 3 study of a thousand patients, it's a large trial, and it showed a improvement in overall survival by 25%. It showed a reduction in the risk of event-free survival with a hazard ratio of 0.68. It showed a 10% higher pathological complete response rate. It also showed no increase in the toxicity associated with surgical safety and no new safety signals. And because it's the first perioperative trial with an overall survival signal, it has level 1A evidence. It's been approved by the FDA, and it's supported by a plethora of guidelines. And therefore should be considered for cisplatin-eligible muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients as standard of care.So the advantages against standard chemotherapy is simple. Patients are living longer. There's improved overall survival.A 25% improvement in survival.Also, we know there was no increased complications from a surgical perspective, and we also know the pathological complete response rate is 10% higher.So there's lots of data to support this as a standard of care.02《肿瘤瞭望-泌尿时讯》NIAGARA研究结果表明该方案的不良反应与既往经验一致,其免疫相关事件(如甲状腺功能减退、肺炎)发生率如何?对于接受新辅助化疗联合免疫治疗的患者,术前安全性监测需要进行哪些特殊管理措施?Thomas Powles 教授伦敦大学泌尿生殖系癌症教授、巴特癌症中心主任免疫相关不良事件(irAE)是免疫治疗的重要并发症。单独来看,肺炎、糖尿病、心脏毒性、神经毒性等较为罕见。但综合起来,大约有10%的患者可能出现显著的irAE。需要将这一情况与化疗和手术的毒性进行对比,化疗和手术各有其自身的毒性。我和我的同事们认为,化疗的毒性至少与度伐利尤单抗联合方案相当,甚至可能更强。手术的毒性也不容小觑。在新辅助化疗联合免疫疗法的治疗方案中,度伐利尤单抗可能是相对容易管理的部分。在新辅助治疗阶段,除了化疗之外,我认为并不需要额外增加太多监测措施。而在化疗期间,我们原本就是每三周随访患者一次,术前也会综合评估。从手术评估的角度来看,这种治疗方案并未带来特定的手术相关毒性。但我需要强调的是,如果患者在围手术期因免疫治疗出现irAE,我会停止免疫治疗,优先确保手术安全进行。例如,如果患者因irAE在第2周期就开始使用糖皮质激素治疗,我们可能会决定不再给予第3周期的免疫治疗,但可以在辅助治疗阶段重新开始免疫治疗。总之,确保患者安全接受手术是最重要的。Prof. Thomas Powles:Immune-related adverse events are an important complication of immune checkpoint inhibition. What we know is individually, pneumonitis, diabetes, cardiac toxicity, neurotoxicity, together they're quite rare. But when you pull them all together, it probably comes to about 10% of patients get significant immune-related adverse events. When you that needs to be put in context that chemotherapy's got its own toxicity, surgery has its own toxicity. So in my opinion, and actually of my colleagues, the chemotherapy is at least if not more toxic than the durvalumab. The surgery is also challenging. The durvalumab is probably the easiest part of the triplet. So I think there isn't that much additional monitoring in the neoadjuvant period above chemotherapy. We see patients every three weeks on chemotherapy anyway. We see them before surgery. The surgical assessment, there are no specific surgical toxicities associated with this. But what I would say is if patients are getting into trouble with immunotherapy, with immune-related adverse events in this perioperative period, I wouldn't continue the immunotherapy. I would get the surgery done safely. So that's an important message, we said this in the trial. If patients are on steroids because of immune-related adverse events from cycle 2, you might say we're not going to give cycle 3 immunotherapy. You can restart it in the adjuvant period. But getting to that operation safely is very important.03《肿瘤瞭望-泌尿时讯》不仅是免疫治疗,EV等ADC药物也显著改善了晚期UC患者治疗结局,进入多个国家临床实践。今年ASCO大会也公布了EV-302深度缓解的探索性分析。这为临床带来哪些启示?Thomas Powles 教授伦敦大学泌尿生殖系癌症教授、巴特癌症中心主任维恩妥尤单抗联合帕博利珠单抗(EV+P)有望取代以铂类为基础的化疗方案,成为局部晚期或转移性尿路上皮癌(la/mUC)的标准一线治疗方案。在这一领域,我的中国同道,北京大学肿瘤医院的郭军教授主导的RC48-C017研究,深入探讨了特瑞普利单抗(T)联合维迪西妥单抗(DV)新辅助治疗序贯特瑞普利单抗辅助治疗HER2表达的MIBC患者的疗效与安全性。该试验取得了显著的阳性结果,令我们倍感振奋。我认为,尿路上皮癌领域的治疗格局正在经历重大变革。目前,EV+P方案处于领先地位,特瑞普利单抗联合维迪西妥单抗紧随其后,而以铂类为基础的化疗方案将被逐步替代。当前已有EV+P新辅助治疗的相关试验,希望未来会有DV+P新辅助治疗开展的大规模随机试验。我们正处在一个充满希望和机遇的时期,不断探索和推进这一领域的治疗进展。此次ASCO会议,Shilpa Gupta教授汇报了EV-302试验的探索性分析结果(摘要号:4502)。数据显示,EV+P治疗后有30.4%的患者实现了已确诊完全缓解(cCR),且持久性良好,75%的患者在两年后仍维持缓解状态。在我刚进入尿路上皮癌研究领域时,患者的中位总生存期仅有一年,如今不仅有75%的患者可以维持两年缓解,而且已经开始能够治愈转移性膀胱癌患者,并且有望在围手术期设置中实现同样目标。中国在这其中发挥的作用同样重要。例如,盛锡楠教授在ASCO大会上的口头报告中汇报了一项中国自主研发的新型Ncetin-4 ADC(9MW2821)联合特瑞普利单抗用于la/mUC一线治疗的1b/2期研究,该联合方案治疗下确认的客观缓解率(cORR)达到了80.0%,疾病控制率达到了92.5%,中位无进展生存期(PFS)达到了12.5个月。这些临床数据与国际上同类免疫联合ADC的数据相当。总之,尿路上皮癌治疗领域正迎来变革,越来越多的治疗方案有望超越传统的化疗。在这个进程中,中国发挥着极其重要的作用,为全球尿路上皮癌治疗的进步做出了显著贡献。Prof. Thomas Powles:So, infortumab vedotin and pembrolizumab is the standard of care for metastatic urothelial cancer.There's a press release from China with my fabulous colleagues from from Beijing, who have the DV-Toripalimab randomized phase 3. And we know from a press release, that's positive. We're very excited. Professor Guo, we're very excited about seeing that data.I think this is a transformation going on in this disease.EV-Pembrol is leading that at the moment. DV-Toripalimab will also take part in that. We'll stop using platinum chemotherapy in advanced disease. And we also have now trials in the neoadjuvant space with EV-Pembrol. And I hope to see trials with DV, big randomized trials in this space also. It's a very exciting time. In the data presented here by Shilpa Gupta at ASCO, we saw those complete responses with EV-Pembrol, those 30% of complete responses. We showed really great durability. 75% of patients maintaining their response at two years. We have to remember when I started doing urothelial cancer, median overall survival was only one year. We now have 30% of the patients, 75% maybe at two years without without progression. We're beginning to cure bladder cancer in metastatic. We'll do the same in the perioperative setting. China's playing a really important role with that. I also saw that Xinan Shen, he presented his data here today, beautifully as well. And what he showed was a new, I'd call it MW9, a new nectin-4 ADC, and his nectin-4 ADC showed response rates of 81% with with Toripalimab.That looks the same from the distance as EV-Pembrol.There are a number of regimens which will beat chemotherapy in the space.There's going to be a transformation in the disease. China's playing an incredibly important role in that journey.04《肿瘤瞭望-泌尿时讯》但在中国,EV获批用于治疗la/mUC的时间并不长。关于EV联合帕博利珠单抗的治疗方案,您能提供哪些见解或最佳实践?哪些患者适合在初期接受EV治疗,以及如何控制不良反应?Thomas Powles 教授伦敦大学泌尿生殖系癌症教授、巴特癌症中心主任目前,在全球范围内,EV + P治疗方案是被广泛认可并采用的标准治疗方案。在现阶段,尚未有任何数据能够在疗效方面与之相媲美。我们满心期待未来能够有更多的随机临床试验结果揭晓,同时,也确实有一些其他的药物正在这一领域积极探索。但就目前而言,EV + P联合治疗方案在中位PFS、中位OS方面均显著获益。更为关键的是,该联合治疗方案实现长期持久的完全缓解,彻底改变了这一疾病的治疗格局。此外,我们在今年的ASCO会议上认识到了该方案的毒性问题。该方案通常会持续使用两年,我们对于免疫相关毒性的管理也已经积累了一定的经验。但ADC药物维恩妥尤单抗与早期皮肤毒性有关,这种皮肤毒性一般会在治疗的前3个周期内出现,这就要求我们根据患者的具体情况进行剂量调整或者中断治疗。此外,该药物还与逐渐积累的周围神经病变相关,一旦出现这种情况,往往需要暂停治疗,切勿强行继续治疗,否则只会徒增患者的痛苦。如果处理不当,情况会变得相当棘手,所以,我们必须给予高度重视。此外,在治疗周期上,也并不固定。个人认为一年以上的治疗时间比较理想,但也不排除部分患者仍然需要长时间的持续治疗,而另外一部分患者则可能因为神经病变等不良反应不得不停止治疗。这确实需要一定的技巧和经验,而我们作为医疗专业人士,需要不断积累经验。Prof. Thomas Powles:EV-Pembrol as it currently stands is the global standard of care. There's no data out there that rivals it as it currently stands. We await other randomized trials in the future, and there are other drugs which have exploring this space. But as it currently stands, EV-Pembrol is associated with hazard ratios of less than 0.5 for OS and PFS in the initial analysis.The durability data shows durable complete responses. It's a transformative regimen, but we also learnt at the meeting at ASCO 2025 that toxicity requires careful assessment. Pembrolizumab is given for two years and is relatively straightforward to give in the knowledge about giving treating immune-related toxicity. Enfortumab vedotin, enfortumab vedotin is associated with early skin toxicity in the first three cycles, and dose reductions and interruptions are required. It also is associated with an accumulating peripheral neuropathy, and that again requires treatment breaks. Don't treat through the neuropathy. It's quite difficult if you do that. So that's really important. There's no right number of cycles. My feeling is that at least a year of therapy is ideal. Two years feels long, five years much too long. But I think for individual patients, some go on for as long as that. Others have to stop early because of the neuropathy. And there's a real skill, but that's what we do for a living. There's a real skill in giving these drugs. I don't think guidelines, like riding a bike, you have to practice it, but once you have the hang of it, I think it's much easier to give. I think it's much easier to give than chemotherapy.研究简介英文标题:Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) who received perioperative durvalumab (D) in NIAGARA中文标题:接受围手术期度伐利尤单抗(D)治疗的肌层浸润性膀胱癌(MIBC)患者的循环肿瘤 DNA(ctDNA)——NIAGARA试验摘要号:4503研究背景在适用顺铂方案的肌层浸润性膀胱癌(MIBC)患者中开展的III期NIAGARA试验(NCT03732677)中,与新辅助化疗(NAC)相比,NAC联合围手术期度伐利尤单抗在无事件生存期(EFS)和总生存期方面均显示出具有临床意义的显著改善,病理完全缓解率(pCR)提高10%,安全性可控且不影响手术可行性。本文报告了NIAGARA 试验中ctDNA的预设探索性分析及其与临床结局的关联。研究方法NIAGARA试验纳入了适用顺铂方案的MIBC (cT2-T4aN0/1M0) 患者,计划接受根治性膀胱切除术 (RC)。患者按 1:1 随机分组,分别接受新辅助化疗 (D)(1500 mg 静脉注射,每3周1次)联合新辅助化疗(NAC)(顺铂 + 吉西他滨,静脉注射,每 3 周 1 次)治疗 4 周期后行 RC,之后接受辅助化疗 (D) 单药治疗(1500 mg 静脉注射,每 4 周 1 次),疗程8个周期(D 组),或仅接受 NAC 后行 RC(对照 [C] 组)。双重主要终点为 pCR 和 EFS,无病生存期(DFS)为次要终点。采用Signatera 个性化肿瘤信息分子残留病 (MRD)检测系统对血浆ctDNA 进行评估。在基线(筛选或新辅助治疗 C1D1,n = 460)、新辅助治疗后RC前(RC 前,n = 422)以及辅助治疗期的 C1D1(RC 后,n = 345)时评估ctDNA。研究结果共1063例患者,其中包含462例生物标志物可评估人群(D 组 237 例;C 组 225 例)。患者特征与意向治疗(ITT)人群相似。总体而言,基线 ctDNA 阳性率为 57%(260/460),新辅助治疗后 RC 前降至 22%(94/422)。从基线到 RC 前的 ctDNA 清除率在D组为41%,C组为31%。RC前ctDNA 阳性患者的非 pCR 率为 97%(86/89)。RC 后总体 ctDNA 阳性率为 9%(31/345)。无论基线 ctDNA 阳性或阴性,D 组较 C 组均显示 EFS 获益(见表);基于 RC 后 ctDNA 状态,围手术期D治疗在 DFS 方面也呈现类似获益趋势(见表)。研究结论在该探索性分析中,RC 前 ctDNA 阳性与非 pCR 相关。D 组患者从基线到 RC 前 ctDNA 清除率更高,表明 D 联合 NAC 疗法优于单纯 NAC 疗法。围手术期 D 治疗为基线 ctDNA 阳性和阴性患者均带来 EFS 获益,基于 RC 后 ctDNA 状态的 DFS 分析也观察到相似趋势。这些结果进一步支持围手术期度伐利尤单抗方案用于MIBC患者。Thomas Powles 教授伦敦大学泌尿生殖系癌症教授、巴特癌症中心主任Thomas Powles教授是伦敦大学泌尿生殖系统肿瘤教授和巴茨癌症研究所负责人。他在泌尿系统癌症生物标志物和新药策略的开发方面发挥了重要作用,特别是肾细胞癌的一线免疫/靶向治疗组合、膀胱癌的免疫检查点抑制剂单独或联合用药等。Thomas Powles教授领导了多项临床试验(包括21项随机试验)和转化肿瘤学研究项目,这些项目均刊登在主要期刊上。Powles教授现任《肿瘤学年鉴》(Annals of Oncology)主编、ESMO理事会成员以及EAU肾癌指南的成员。目前的工作重点是早期膀胱癌和肾癌的新型辅助/新辅助疗法,以及术后复发风险患者的识别。(来源:《肿瘤瞭望-泌尿时讯》编辑部)声 明凡署名原创的文章版权属《肿瘤瞭望》所有,欢迎分享、转载。本文仅供医疗卫生专业人士了解最新医药资讯参考使用,不代表本平台观点。该等信息不能以任何方式取代专业的医疗指导,也不应被视为诊疗建议,如果该信息被用于资讯以外的目的,本站及作者不承担相关责任。