MDCO-216

Apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) is a fundamental mediator of recovery from acute kidney injury (AKI) in mice, but its role in AKI in dogs is unknown.

To detect and quantify AIM in serum and urine from both healthy dogs and dogs with AKI, and to determine if AIM is higher in dogs with AKI compared to healthy controls.

Eight dogs with International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) Grade II–V AKI and 10 healthy adult dogs.

Retrospective case–control study. Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS) based targeted proteomics was used to quantify AIM. AIM peak areas were compared between the AKI and healthy cohorts and correlated with selected markers of renal function.

AIM was able to be quantified in the urine of 5/8 dogs with AKI and 1/10 healthy dogs. AIM was quantified in the serum of all dogs, and there was no difference in peak area between the two groups (AKI: median, 67 840 (range, 9797‐98 725); control: median, 79 072 (range, 46 400‐160 330); p = 0.274). In dogs with AKI, AIM was not correlated with serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium concentrations, urine specific gravity, or IRIS AKI grade.

AIM was predominantly detected in the urine of dogs with AKI and not in the urine of healthy dogs.

Micro/nanocontainers, as smart carriers of corrosion inhibitors, capable of intelligently detecting corroded areas and dispensing inhibitors precisely for targeted corrosion control. Here, pH-responsive chitosan-grafted-β-cyclodextrin (CS-g-β-CD) microspheres (CgCM) loaded with various corrosion inhibitors are prepared via an emulsification cross-linking method. By FT-IR and ¹H NMR characterizations, the successful loading of corrosion inhibitor BTA into β-CD is achieved, with the obtained BTA@β-CD being further grafted on the CS chain by degree 28.8 %. The prepared CgCM possess a size range from 15 to 20 μm, and a surface zeta potential range from positive in acidic solution (33.7 mV at pH = 3) to negative in alkaline solution (-20.4 mV at pH = 10). In addition to loading BTA into β-CD, three compound agents (AIM, AMIM-Cl, and 3-SAMA) are selected to be loaded into the crosslinking gaps of the CgCM, with the loading ratios of BTA, AIM, AMIM-Cl, and 3-SAMA determined to be 31.59 %, 13.85 %, 16.93 %, and 19.30 %, respectively. When subjected to acidic stimulation, the CgCM undergo swelling and dissociation, leading to the responsive release of the four loaded inhibitors into the solution, for which the accumulative release ratios (48 h, pH = 3) are determined to be 93 %, 86 %, 84 %, and 81 %, respectively. Weight loss and electrochemical evaluations firmly establish that these CgCM, laden with inhibitors, are adept at forming dense protective barriers on steel surfaces, achieving a corrosion inhibition efficiency exceeding 90 %. Corrosion morphology, surface elemental distribution, and binding status reveal a compact compounding protective layer formation on the steel/solution interface, by a physicochemical synergistic adsorption pattern. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations reinforce the findings, revealing that all three CgCM systems exhibit targeted, stimulus-responsive release capabilities, coupled with robust adsorption strengths and remarkable corrosion resistance characteristics.