A Phase Ib, Open Label, Multicenter Study to Determine the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of PARPi 2X-121 Monotherapy and the MTD of Dovitinib in Combination With 2X-121 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors

This is a Phase Ib, two-part, multi-center study. In Part 1, the study will evaluate the safety and tolerability, antitumor activity, pharmacokinetics, and determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 2X-121 monotherapy (at BID regimen) in patients with advanced solid tumors. In Part 2, the study will evaluate safety and tolerability, antitumor activity, pharmacokinetics and determine the MTD of dovitinib when given in combination with the MTD of 2X-121 determined in Part 1.

开始日期2023-02-20

申办/合作机构

Allarity Therapeutics, Inc.

[+1]

NCT03878849 / Recruiting临床2期

Phase II, Prospective Open Label, Single Arm Study to Investigate Anti-tumor Effect and Tolerability of 2X-121 in Patients With Advanced Ovarian Cancer Selected by the 2X-121 DRP®

This study is to be performed as an open label, multicenter, single arm study of 2X-121 to evaluate anti-tumor efficacy of 2X-121 as single agent therapy in a 28-days cycle in advanced ovarian cancer patients. 2X-121 will be supplied for oral administration once daily as 600 mg (3 x 200 mg) capsules in a 28 days cycle. Patients with predicted high likelihood of responding to the drug (2X-121) using drug response prediction (DRP®), will be included in the study.

开始日期2019-04-15

申办/合作机构

Allarity Therapeutics, Inc.

[+2]

NCT03562832 / Active, not recruiting临床2期

Phase II, Open Label Clinical Study to Investigate Anti-tumour Effect and Tolerability of the PARP Inhibitor 2X-121 in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer Selected by the 2X-121 DRP

2X-121 is a small molecule targeted inhibitor of Poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), a key enzyme involved in DNA damage repair in cancer cells. The PARP inhibitor demonstrated clinical activity in a prior Phase 1 study in a number of solid tumors. 2X-121 has a novel dual-inhibitory action against both PARP 1/2 and Tankyrase 1/2. The molecule is also active in P-glycoprotein expressing cells, suggesting it may overcome some of the PARP inhibitor resistance.
The Phase 2 study is using 2x-121 DRP® biomarker in metastatic breast cancer patients to identify patients likely to respond to and benefit from treatment with 2X-121.

开始日期2018-06-20

申办/合作机构

Allarity Therapeutics, Inc.

[+2]

100 项与 2X-121 相关的临床结果

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100 项与 2X-121 相关的转化医学

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100 项与 2X-121 相关的专利（医药）

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项与 2X-121 相关的文献（医药）

2022-04-27·European journal of medicinal chemistry1区 · 医学

Rational design, synthesis and biological evaluation of dual PARP-1/2 and TNKS1/2 inhibitors for cancer therapy.

1区 · 医学

Article

作者: Yizhu Xu ; Huanhuan Wu ; Lei Huang ; Bingxin Zhai ; Xiaofei Li ; Shuaiqi Xu ; Xingxin Wu ; Qihua Zhu ; Qiang Xu

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitors are the first and most successful drugs designed to exploit the concept of synthetic lethality (SL) between PARP-1 and BRCA1/2, which provides a novel strategy for tumor treatment. However, narrowed indications and resistance to PARP-1 inhibitors have hampered their further clinical application. Inducing "BRCAness" by targeting other targets, which will directly or indirectly disturb the homologous recombination (HR) repair pathway of double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs), is a promising strategy for expanding the clinical application of PARP-1 inhibitors and overcoming resistance to these inhibitors. Tankyrase1/2 (TNKS1/2) are involved in the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair pathway by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. TNKS1/2 can also induce a "BRCAness" phenotype by regulating Wnt signaling, which increases the sensitivity of tumor cells with BRCA proficiency to PARP-1 inhibitors. These results suggest that cotargeting PARP1/2 and TNKS1/2 not only exerts a synergistic effect in the treatment of tumors but also provides a novel strategy for expanding the clinical application of PARP-1 inhibitors and overcoming resistance to PARP-1 inhibitors. Therefore, a series of dual PARP-1/2 and TNKS1/2 inhibitors were rationally designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their pharmacological properties. Among these candidates, compound I-9 showed excellent inhibitory activity as it inhibited PARP-1/2 and TNKS1/2 with IC₅₀ values of 0.25 nM, 1.2 nM, 13.5 nM and 4.15 nM, respectively. I-9 exhibited favorable synergistic antitumor efficacy in both BRCA-mutant and BRCA-wild-type cancer lines. Moreover, I-9 exerted prominent dose-dependent antitumor activity in an HCT116 cell-derived xenograft model and was significantly more efficacious than olaparib and E7449. Overall, the present study indicated that I-9, a dual PARP-1/2 and TNKS1/2 inhibitor, is a novel and promising agent for cancer therapy.

2022-01-01·PloS one

Stenoparib, an inhibitor of cellular poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), blocks in vitro replication of SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Article

作者: Katherine E Zarn ; Sierra A Jaramillo ; Anthony R Zapata ; Nathan E Stone ; Ashley N Jones ; Haley E Nunnally ; Erik W Settles ; Ken Ng ; Paul S Keim ; Steen Knudsen ; Patricia M Nuijten ; Aloys S L Tijsma ; Christopher T French

We recently published a preliminary assessment of the activity of a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, stenoparib, also known as 2X-121, which inhibits viral replication by affecting pathways of the host. Here we show that stenoparib effectively inhibits a SARS-CoV-2 wild type (BavPat1/2020) strain and four additional variant strains; alpha (B.1.1.7), beta (B.1.351), delta (B.1.617.2) and gamma (P.1) in vitro, with 50% effective concentration (EC50) estimates of 4.1 μM, 8.5 μM, 24.1 μM, 8.2 μM and 13.6 μM, respectively. A separate experiment focusing on a combination of 10 μM stenoparib and 0.5 μM remdesivir, an antiviral drug, resulted in over 80% inhibition of the alpha variant, which is substantially greater than the effect achieved with either drug alone, suggesting at least additive effects from combining the different mechanisms of activity of stenoparib and remdesivir.

2021-01-19·mBio1区 · 生物学

Stenoparib, an Inhibitor of Cellular Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase, Blocks Replication of the SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-NL63 Human Coronaviruses In Vitro.

1区 · 生物学

ArticleOA

作者: Nathan E Stone ; Sierra A Jaramillo ; Ashley N Jones ; Adam J Vazquez ; Madison Martz ; Lora M Versluis ; Marlee O Raniere ; Haley E Nunnally ; Katherine E Zarn ; Roxanne Nottingham ; Ken R Ng ; Jason W Sahl ; David M Wagner ; Steen Knudsen ; Erik W Settles ; Paul Keim ; Christopher T French

By late 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), had caused tens of millions of infections and over 1 million deaths worldwide. A protective vaccine and more effective therapeutics are urgently needed. We evaluated a new poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, stenoparib, that recently advanced to phase II clinical trials for treatment of ovarian cancer, for activity against human respiratory coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, in vitro Stenoparib exhibits dose-dependent suppression of SARS-CoV-2 multiplication and spread in Vero E6 monkey kidney and Calu-3 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Stenoparib was also strongly inhibitory to the human seasonal respiratory coronavirus HCoV-NL63. Compared to remdesivir, which inhibits viral replication downstream of cell entry, stenoparib impedes entry and postentry processes, as determined by time-of-addition (TOA) experiments. Moreover, a 10 μM dosage of stenoparib-below the approximated 25.5 μM half-maximally effective concentration (EC₅₀)-combined with 0.5 μM remdesivir suppressed coronavirus growth by more than 90%, indicating a potentially synergistic effect for this drug combination. Stenoparib as a stand-alone or as part of combinatorial therapy with remdesivir should be a valuable addition to the arsenal against COVID-19.IMPORTANCE New therapeutics are urgently needed in the fight against COVID-19. Repurposing drugs that are either already approved for human use or are in advanced stages of the approval process can facilitate more rapid advances toward this goal. The PARP inhibitor stenoparib may be such a drug, as it is currently in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of ovarian cancer and its safety and dosage in humans have already been established. Our results indicate that stenoparib possesses strong antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses in vitro. This activity appears to be based on multiple modes of action, where both pre-entry and postentry viral replication processes are impeded. This may provide a therapeutic advantage over many current options that have a narrower target range. Moreover, our results suggest that stenoparib and remdesivir in combination may be especially potent against coronavirus infection.

项与 2X-121 相关的新闻（医药）

2024-03-25

·BioSpace

Allarity Therapeutics Receives Extension from Nasdaq Hearings Panel to Regain Compliance with Listing Rules 5550(a)(2) and 5550(b)(1)

Boston (March 25, 2024) — Allarity Therapeutics, Inc. (“Allarity” or the “Company”) (NASDAQ: ALLR), a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company dedicated to developing personalized cancer treatments, today announced that the Company has been granted a formal extension until April 24, 2024 to regain compliance under Nasdaq Listing Rules 5550(a)(2) (the “Bid Price Rule”) and 5550(b)(1) (the “Equity Rule”) or any of the alternative requirements in Listing Rule 5550(b). The granting of the extension follows a proactive effort by the Company to address compliance deficiencies and the presentation of a strategic plan to the Nasdaq Hearings Panel on February 1, 2024. The plan contained both immediate and sustained measures aimed at ensuring compliance with both the Bid Price Rule and the Equity Rule. To ensure compliance with the rules of The Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) by April 24, 2024, or sooner, the Company is working towards achieving a stockholders' equity of at least $2.5 million and a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share or more for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days. The plan presented encompasses a series of decisive steps, including a comprehensive review and reduction of operating costs, the potential conversion of existing liabilities, and the pursuit of additional capital through separate sources of short-term and longer-term strategic financing. This multifaceted plan is currently being implemented and not only aims to meet Nasdaq’s immediate compliance requirements but also to strengthen the Company’s general financial position and operational efficiency. Interim CEO Thomas Jensen stated, “We interpret this as Nasdaq's recognition of our efforts and confidence in our ability to execute this plan effectively. We are determined to attempt to fulfill these compliance measures promptly, reaffirming our responsibility to our shareholders to keep advancing the company towards our goal of developing novel personalized cancer treatments.” Nasdaq's extension notice has no immediate effect on the listing or trading of Allarity’s Common Stock, which will continue to trade on Nasdaq under the symbol "ALLR." About the Drug Response Predictor – DRP® Companion Diagnostic Allarity uses its drug-specific DRP® to select those patients who, by the expression signature of their cancer, are found to have a high likelihood of benefiting from a specific drug. By screening patients before treatment, and only treating those patients with a sufficiently high, drug-specific DRP score, the therapeutic benefit rate may be significantly increased. The DRP method builds on the comparison of sensitive vs. resistant human cancer cell lines, including transcriptomic information from cell lines combined with clinical tumor biology filters and prior clinical trial outcomes. DRP is based on messenger RNA expression profiles from patient biopsies. The DRP® platform has proven its ability to provide a statistically significant prediction of the clinical outcome from drug treatment in cancer patients in 37 out of 47 clinical studies that were examined (both retrospective and prospective). The DRP platform, which can be used in all cancer types and is patented for more than 70 anti-cancer drugs, has been extensively published in the peer-reviewed literature. About Allarity Therapeutics Allarity Therapeutics, Inc. (NASDAQ: ALLR) is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company dedicated to developing personalized cancer treatments. The Company is focused on development of stenoparib, a novel PARP/Tankyrase inhibitor for advanced ovarian cancer patients, using its DRP® companion diagnostic for patient selection in the ongoing phase 2 clinical trial, NCT03878849. Allarity is headquartered in the U.S., with a research facility in Denmark, and is committed to addressing significant unmet medical needs in cancer treatment. For more information, visit Follow Allarity on Social Media LinkedIn: X: Forward-Looking Statements This press release contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements provide the Company’s current expectations or forecasts of future events. The words “anticipates,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intends,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predicts,” “project,” “should,” “would” and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements relating to regaining compliance with Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements, the timing and effect thereof as well as potentially effecting a reverse stock split to increase the per-share price, reducing operating expenses, converting debt and raising additional capital and the effectiveness of the Company’s DRP® companion diagnostics platform in predicting whether a particular patient is likely to respond to a specific drug. Any forward-looking statements in this press release are based on management’s current expectations of future events and are subject to multiple risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially and adversely from those set forth in or implied by such forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the risk that the Company is not able to effect a reverse stock split, reduce operating expenses, convert debt and raise additional capital. For a discussion of other risks and uncertainties, and other important factors, any of which could cause our actual results to differ from those contained in the forward-looking statements, see the section entitled “Risk Factors” in our Form S-1 registration statement filed on October 30, 2023, as amended and our Form 10-K annual report on the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), available at the SEC’s website at and as well as discussions of potential risks, uncertainties and other important factors in the Company’s subsequent filings with the SEC. All information in this press release is as of the date of the release, and the Company undertakes no duty to update this information unless required by law. ### Company Contact: investorrelations@allarity.com Media Contact: Thomas Pedersen Carrotize PR & Communications +45 6062 9390 tsp@carrotize.com Attachment Allarity Therapeutics - Nasdaq Grants Extension

临床2期

2024-03-09

·精准药物

【综述】合成致死研发进展

——诺华“合成致死”新靶点创新产品进展——2024年1月26日，CDE官网公示，诺华在研创新产品HRO761获得临床试验默示许可，拟开发治疗晚期不可切除或转移性MSI-H/dMMR型实体瘤。截图来源：CDE官网HRO761为WRN抑制剂。Werner综合征RecQ解旋酶（WRN）是近年来发现的“合成致死”新靶点，对MSI-H肿瘤具有“合成致死”作用，是该赛道的潜力创新产品。但纵观诺华近年来在创新药品领域，进展多遭受坎坷。布局风险性极大的“合成致死”赛道，又是新靶点，着实风险和机遇并存。我们来回顾下该赛道目前的研究进展情况。——合成致死里程碑产品PARPi适应证撤销——PARP抑制剂（PARPi）是首款根据合成致死原理研发的抗癌药，自2014年奥拉帕利问世以来，全球已上市六款PARP抑制剂，分别是奥拉帕利、鲁卡帕尼、尼拉帕利、他拉唑帕利、氟唑帕利和帕米帕利。深刻改变了卵巢癌治疗格局，同时，也先后获得乳腺癌、胰腺癌和前列腺癌的适应症。逐步引起国际制药巨头纷纷押注合成致死赛道。但随着FDA近期对PARPi适应症的撤销，又为合成致死赛道蒙上了阴影。PARP抑制剂（PARPi）的问世，深刻改变了既往治疗手段有限的卵巢癌的治疗格局，但是，随着相应临床试验随访时间的延长，临床数据显示卵巢癌患者使用鲁卡帕尼、奥拉帕利和尼拉帕利的死亡风险有所增加，所以在2022年FDA接连撤回奥拉帕利和鲁卡帕尼末线治疗卵巢癌的适应症以及尼拉帕利末线治疗卵巢癌、输卵管癌或原发性腹膜癌的适应症。让外界对于以PARPi为代表的合成致死赛道前景充满担忧。既往时刻，诸多国际制药巨头已经纷纷押注合成致死赛道，未来是否真的如预期中的一路坦途呢？——合成致死赛道频繁BD——2022年3月22日，Volastra Therapeutics宣布，与百时美施贵宝达成研发合作，利用Volastra基于探索染色体不稳定性（chromosomal instability, CIN）的药物发现平台，发现与染色体不稳定性相关的合成致死药物靶点。合成致死是一种已经得到验证的靶点发现策略，它通过探索肿瘤细胞的弱点，在杀死肿瘤细胞的同时避免伤害健康细胞。根据合作协议，Volastra将负责针对未公开的靶点进行一系列研发活动，直至选定开发候选疗法。百时美施贵宝将负责后续开发、监管和商业化活动。Volastra将获得3000万美元的前期付款，并有资格获得高达11亿美元的里程碑付款。2022年6月1日，RepareTherapeutics宣布，与罗氏制药集团就拆monsertib（RP-3500）的开发和商业化达成全球许可和合作协议。Repare将收到1.25亿美元的预付款，并有资格获得高达12亿美元的潜在开发、监管、商业和销售里程碑，以及全球净产品销售的特许权使用费。Camonsertib是一种选择性ATR（共济失调毛细血管扩张突变基因Rad3相关激酶）口服小分子抑制剂，用于治疗具有特定合成致死基因组改变的肿瘤，包括 ATM（共济失调-毛细血管扩张突变）基因。让大众的视线再次聚焦到合成致死赛道上。在具体回顾基本概念前，我们先讲解下ATR抑制剂的作用机制。——ATR抑制剂作用机制——内源性（DNA双链断裂）和外源性（紫外线辐射和化学毒性等）的因素，引起细胞DNA的损伤，为了维持基因组的完整性，细胞进化出DNA损伤应答机制DDR（DNAdamageresponse）可以检测DNA损伤并修复，与细胞周期的检查点相互作用以控制细胞增殖。DDR的核心激酶是3种结构独特的丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶成分的中枢调控因子：共济失调性毛细血管扩张突变蛋白（ATM）、Rad3相关蛋白ATR、DNA依赖性蛋白激酶(DNA-PK)。ATM和DNA-PK主要在双链断裂修复中被激活；而ATR主要在单链断裂修复中被激活。DNA损伤累积并阻碍DNA复制的过程就会发生RS，在RS下，DNA链的损伤可导致复制减慢或停止，如果损坏未修复可能会崩溃，导致细胞死亡，ATR在协调RS中起着至关重要的作用。复制蛋白A（RPA）在损伤位点与单链DNA结合，所得复合物结合可引发ATR募集到DNA损伤位点。当ATR被复制蛋白A（RPA）激活后，会磷酸化CHK1，后者又磷酸化CDC25A，最终通过抑制周期蛋白依赖性激酶（CDK）的活性介导G2～M期和S期检测点的活化，来减少RS并触发适当的DNA修复途径。而ATR抑制剂可以干扰DNA修复，这样癌细胞的DNA就有可能产生一堆错误而且得不到修复，然后凋亡。正常细胞有很多蛋白质负责DNA修复（比如MMR相关的就有4个，MSH2、MSH6、MLH1、PMS2；此外，BRCA以及POLE等蛋白），单独阻断ATR，并不会对DNA修复有影响。综上可知，ATR抑制剂也属于合成致死理论的明日之星。——合成致死理论——合成致死（Synthetic lethality）理论由来已久，通俗来讲，指两个非致死基因同时失活将导致细胞死亡的现象。概念最早可以追溯到1992年，美国科学家卡尔文在果蝇的研究中发现，具有pd和 Pdr双基因突变的果蝇不能存活，而这其中任何一个基因单独突变都不会导致果蝇死亡。1946年，西奥多·多布赞斯基正式提出“合成致死“概念，用来描述这种不同基因之间的互补性致死作用。科学家们很容易将果蝇中发现的这种现像与肿瘤治疗理论相结合，如果发现肿瘤细胞中存在特定基因A失活，那么用药物抑制它的合成致死搭档基因B，使两者都失活，而健康的体细胞因为有正常的基因A，能够保证正常的生理功能的表达，不会受到药物的伤害，从而只特异性的杀死该类肿瘤细胞。基于合成致死原理的肿瘤治疗原理很简单，但难点相信大家也能想得到。没有技术的突破，你很难找到合适的成对存在的合成致死基因。犹如好的逗哏必须得有好的捧哏才能合演一场成功的相声。突破在于PARP与BRCA这对黄金搭档的世纪相遇，促进了PARP抑制剂的成功商业化上市，并在卵巢癌领域获得巨大成功，由此开启了基于“合成致死”理论进行药物开发的热潮。最成功的产品当然是PARP抑制剂。——PARP抑制剂——PARP（聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶）在DNA单链碱基切除、修复过程中发挥着关键作用。BRCA是重要的抑癌基因与肿瘤易感基因，包括BRCA1及BRCA2。BRCA基因突变会导致基因组不稳定性显著增加，从而显著提高女性罹患乳腺癌、卵巢癌以及其他癌症（胰腺癌、子宫内膜癌、腹膜癌及宫颈癌等）的风险。在人体内，BRCA可与PARP共同作用于同源重组（HR）修复通路，这种双保险组合，可以有效保证体内DNA复制的正确性。但部分癌细胞，BRCA基因会突变，此时，人类如若开发出能够抑制PARP的药物，通过抑制肿瘤细胞DNA损伤修复、促进肿瘤细胞发生凋亡，从而可增强放疗以及烷化剂和铂类药物化疗的疗效。特别是对于携带BRCA突变的肿瘤细胞，理论上对PARP抑制剂的敏感度会更高。 BRCA和PARP的合成致死示意图目前，已经有四种PARP抑制剂在中国获批上市，分别是奥拉帕利、尼拉帕利、氟唑帕利以及帕米帕利，将这几款PARPi在卵巢癌领域获得FDA和NMPA批准的适应症总结如下：来源：NMPA、FDA、各公司官网（未更新最新追踪结果）——开发PARP抑制剂新策略——随着临床上PARPi不断涌现，耐药现象同样限制了PARPi的进一步运用。PARPi的耐药性的主要原因是BRCA1/2突变癌细胞HR修复活性的恢复。详细地说，BRCA1/2中的继发突变与原始突变导致的链终止子/移码的废除有关，导致全长 BRCA1/2 开放阅读框的恢复。因此，活性BRCA1/BRCA2蛋白表达被恢复，从而重新启动功能齐全的HR途径。除了BRCA1/2中其他突变介导的耐药性外，还提出了BRCA1启动子甲基化的减少/丧失，从而恢复了BRCA1的表达而导致对PARPi的耐药性。为了克服耐药性，一方面进一步对PARP抑制剂进行修饰开发以发现下一代PARP抑制剂，另一方面采取联合用药，如2023年3月，强生旗下杨森（Janssen）公司则宣布向FDA递交了将PARP抑制剂尼拉帕利和醋酸阿比特龙（abiraterone acetate）以双效片剂（DAT）形式的新药申请（NDA），联合强的松（prednisone）共同用于治疗BRCA阳性的转移性去势抵抗性前列腺癌（mCRPC）患者，或者双靶点抑制剂，如进入临床II期的Stenoparib，同时抑制PARP1/2和TNKS1/2，还有很多临床前在研的靶向PARP和其它靶点如HDAC、TOPO、BRD4、PI3K、HSP90、AChE和PD-L1等的抑制剂。与此同时也在开展其它靶向PARP新策略，如PARP的PROTAC和PARP抑制剂的前药。除了在PARPi升级改造下苦功夫以外，也期望能够在其他的靶点上，如WEE1和TP53，重塑PARPi的辉煌。——WEE1与TP53——PRMT5/MAT2A抑制剂、WEE1抑制剂，都是潜在的合成致死赛道的黑马，本文主要介绍尚在临床早期的WEE1抑制剂的相关知识。与 WEE1 形成合成致死基因搭档的，则是大名鼎鼎的抑癌基因 TP53。 TP53 与 WEE1合成致死效应 TP53 是人类非常重要的抑癌基因，在正常细胞中低表达，在恶性肿瘤中高表达。TP53 基因翻译的 P53 蛋白是细胞生长、增殖和损伤修复的重要调节因子。细胞的 DNA 受损时，P53 蛋白阻止细胞增殖而停止于 G1/S 期，把损伤修复好后才能进入 G2 期，如不能修复则促进细胞凋亡。在所有恶性肿瘤中，50% 以上会出现该基因的突变，从而导致大多数恶性肿瘤细胞于 G1/S 期检查点存在修复缺陷，复制出错的细胞就会轻松通过 G1 关卡，进入到 G2 期。 WEE1在 G2/M 检查点中作用的示意图目前，直接针对抑癌基因 TP53 的药物研发，比直接针对原癌基因，如 EGFR、ALK 的靶向药物研发要艰难的多。现在针对抑癌基因的药物研发，更多的是在信号通路的上下游想办法，找相应的药物靶点，进行抑制。而 WEE1 就是合理的与 TP53 相搭配的合成致死靶点。WEE1 是 DNA 损伤修复（DDR）通路相关的一个重要激酶。WEE1 激酶能磷酸化细胞分裂周期基因 (cell division cycle，CDC2)，下调其活性，进而可以调控细胞 G 2 到 M 期的转变并调节细胞有丝分裂。它在染色体浓缩延迟和组蛋白合成中也起到关键作用，与 TP53基因突变存在一定的合成致死效应。 ——WEE1抑制剂在研项目汇总—— PARPi和WEE1抑制剂与化疗的增敏探索目前，临床有多款 WEE1 抑制剂在研，且各种 WEE1 抑制剂与 DNA 损伤 (化疗或放射治疗) 相结合的联合治疗方式已取得了很多进展，如进展最快的 Adavosertib（AZD1775），已在全球布局50余项临床试验，多为联合用药方案。基于此，WEE1 逐渐成为肿瘤治疗中的一个重要靶点。来源：医药魔方巧合的是，与 PARPi 在卵巢癌领域所获得的巨大成就相比，作为临床进展最快的 WEE1抑制剂—Adavosertib，在妇瘤领域中的浆液性子宫癌（USC）中也有着不俗的表现。 USC非化疗药物数据对比普通化疗对USC疗效较差，近年来，Her-2靶向治疗，抗血管生成药，酪氨酸激酶抑制剂与免疫检查点抑制剂的结合，以及我们今天所介绍的WEE1细胞周期调节剂，在USC领域取得了不错的ORR和PFS数据。然而 Adavosertib 单药或联合用药均出现频率较高的不良事件，主要为腹泻、呕吐等胃肠道相关及贫血等血液方面不良事件, 对于Adavosertib 进一步的拓展蒙上了阴影。国内一众企业，在“合成致死“肿瘤治疗领域，多聚焦于已经商业化运作成功的PARPi的研发，鲜有突破创新者。不过值得一提的是，专注于”合成致死“作用机制药物研发的英派药业，是国内该领域鲜有的突破创新者，利用自主研发的 DNA损伤修复通路平台，开始探索PARP、WEE1等合成致死靶点的药物研发。在研产品包括PARP抑制剂（IMP4297）、WEE1抑制剂（IMP7068）、Hedgehog通路抑制剂（IMP5471）等。此次施贵宝重金布局合成致死领域，会更加吸引大众视野。——PRMT5与MTAP的初识探索——有企业全力押注PARPi的研发，自然也有企业想弯道超车，基于PARPi的成功，能否寻找到堪比PARP/BRCA的下一对“合成致死“黄金搭档呢？答案是有的， PRMT5/MTAP正是这种潜在的组合。PRMT5在基因表达、剪接和DDR中的作用模型PRMT（蛋白质精氨酸甲基转移酶）能够使多种蛋白甲基化，并在基因表达、剪接和DNA损伤修复等生物学过程中发挥重要作用。目前，已发现了11种PRMT家族的成员，主要的研究热点集中在PEMT5上。 MTAP（methylthioadenosine phosphorylase，甲硫腺苷磷酸化酶）常与体内常见的抑癌基因CDKN2A发生共缺失现象，这种共缺失现象在肿瘤中的比例可达9%~15%。 PRMT5和MTAP是合成致死组合2016年的两篇背靠背《Science》文章首次报道了抑制PRMT5在MTAP缺失肿瘤中的合成致死效应。另外，有研究证明，MTAP缺失的癌细胞对蛋氨酸腺苷转移酶2A（MAT2A）也敏感。因此，PRMT5抑制剂和MAT2A抑制剂有望成为治疗MTAP缺失肿瘤的新一代靶向药物。在研PRMT5/MAT2A抑制剂项目汇总目前，有多款PRMT5/MAT2A抑制剂正在临床试验中，其中不乏GSK、辉瑞等大药企的身影，也有Agios这类新兴生物制药公司。让我们期待在肿瘤靶向药物治疗领域，“合成致死“理论能够再下一城。声明：发表/转载本文仅仅是出于传播信息的需要，并不意味着代表本公众号观点或证实其内容的真实性。据此内容作出的任何判断，后果自负。若有侵权，告知必删！长按关注本公众号粉丝群/投稿/授权/广告等请联系公众号助手觉得本文好看，请点这里↓

引进/卖出申请上市

2024-02-02

·FierceBiotech

Amid CEO turmoil, Allarity loses rights to Novartis cancer drug over missed payments

With dovitinib snatched back from Allarity’s pipeline, it’s unclear whether this is the end of the road for the multi-kinase inhibitor. Already reeling from the controversial termination of its CEO, Allarity Therapeutics has now been told that Novartis is rescinding the rights to a troubled cancer drug after the biotech failed to keep up with its payments. Allarity, under its previous Oncology Venture moniker, licensed the rights to the small molecule multi-kinase inhibitor dovitinib from Novartis back in 2018. But Allarity revealed in an SEC filing yesterday that the Big Pharma had written to the biotech a week ago “indicating their decision to terminate the agreement based on material breach for lack of financial payment.” Novartis had once touted dovitinib as a highly promising kidney cancer drug based on the strength of mid-phase data. But by the time Allarity got interested, the candidate had shown itself unable to outperform Bayer’s Nexavar in a phase 3 trial of metastatic renal cell cancer patients previously failed by anti-angiogenic therapies. Allarity was willing to give the drug a second chance. It licensed the asset in return for an undisclosed package of upfront and milestone payments, hoping to prove dovitinib’s worth by using its DRP biomarker platform to better select tumor patients who could benefit. By 2022, the company was forced to abandon plans to develop the drug as a monotherapy for a type of advanced kidney cancer after the FDA responded to Allarity’s application with a refusal to file letter. The biotech responded by refocusing its pipeline on combination therapies. As part of that retooled strategy, Allarity launched a phase 1b/2 study of stenoparib, a PARP inhibitor, in combination with dovitinib for second-line or later treatment of metastatic ovarian cancer. In the filing yesterday, Allarity said it remains “fully committed and primarily focused” on a phase 2 trial of stenoparib in ovarian cancer. The biotech reiterated that “encouraging results” were seen from the first five evaluable patients in December 2023 from that study. With dovitinib snatched back from Allarity’s pipeline, it’s unclear whether this is the end of the road for the multi-kinase inhibitor. Fierce Biotech has asked Novartis whether it has any plans to pick up development of the drug. The loss of the dovitinib license isn’t the only drama at Allarity. The company first revealed in December that CEO James Cullem was leaving the company. In yesterday’s filing, Allarity explained that Cullem had been fired “for ‘cause’ under his employment agreement,” although Cullem has apparently disputed this rationale. Allarity also attached Cullem’s letter resigning from the biotech’s board last week, in which the former CEO accused the company’s directors of “acts and omissions … that I consider directly injurious to the company, its shareholders and its creditors.” “We and our continuing members of the board disagree with the claims made by Mr. Cullem in the resignation email and take exception to Mr. Cullem’s characterizations of facts and his conclusions,” the company added in yesterday’s filling. Cullem had only been in the CEO role since June 2022, when he took over after Steve Carchedi stepped down to “pursue other opportunities.” Cullem has been replaced by co-founder and board member Thomas Jensen.

临床2期临床3期高管变更引进/卖出临床失败

100 项与 2X-121 相关的药物交易

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KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
-	-	-	DB16063

研发状态

适应症	最高研发状态	国家/地区	公司
乳腺癌	临床2期	丹麦更多	Allarity Therapeutics Europe ApS 更多
卵巢癌	临床2期	美国更多	Allarity Therapeutics, Inc. 更多
肾肿瘤	临床前	美国更多	Allarity Therapeutics A/S 更多
新型冠状病毒感染	临床前	美国更多	Allarity Therapeutics A/S 更多
肉瘤	临床前	美国更多	Allarity Therapeutics A/S 更多

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研究	分期	人群特征	评价人数	分组	结果	评价	发布日期


NCT01618136 (Pubmed \| Med J Aust)	临床1期	晚期恶性实体瘤	41	E7449	鏇獵窪築夢壓鬱襯獵願(鏇網獵鏇繭顧餘壓願簾) = fatigue, n = 4, 800 mg; anaphylaxis, n = 1, 600 mg 鬱壓鑰窪憲觸襯衊餘築 (製願範夢醖簾製製顧製 ) 更多	-	2020-06-11
NCT01618136 (ASCO2014)	临床1期	HR阳性/HER2低表达实体瘤 \| B细胞淋巴瘤	25	E7449	(夢襯醖願鏇餘餘製願鏇) = 獵築觸鏇範網構壓選鏇壓獵衊憲繭艱築艱蓋積 (積廠鏇鏇顧選鑰鏇艱蓋 ) 更多	-	2014-05-20