L-ascorbic acid 2-[3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethy-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-6yl-hydrogen phosphate] potassium salt (EPC-K1) is a novel phosphate diester derivative of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and a-tocopherol (vitaminE),whoseantioxidantpropertieshavebeenshown to lower markers of systemic inflammation as demonstrated by Shingu et al. in a recently published article in the Journal of Surgical Research [1]. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments exhibited lower levels of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS),which are normally elevated during periods of ischemic-reperfusion injuries when mice were pretreated with EPC-K1 [1]. This result agrees with several other studies that examined the effects free radical-mediated organ damage [2e18]. Knowledge of the importance of the free radical-mediated response,which is seen in cellular death associatedwith ischemic-reperfusion injuries, dates back to the 1980s [2]. Since then, a number of studies have explored the role of free radical species in several organ systems [3e12].Detrimental effects of free radicals in skeletal muscle [3e5], myocardium [6e9], and the central nervous system (CNS) [10e12] have been well documented. In all of these tissues, the administration of EPC-K1 reduced free radical-induced injuries during periods of ischemia-reperfusion. While the precise mechanism by which EPC-K1 exerts its antiinflammatory effects remains to be elucidated, part of the answer can be attributed to the chemical structure. As a derivative of vitamins C and E, EPC-K1 possesses both a hydrophilic and hydrophobic chain, rendering it soluble in both water and lipid [13]. This dual solubility enables it to react effectively by limiting various harmful effectors, including hydroxyl, alkyl, and lipid radicals [13e16]. The ability to reduce multiple types of free radicals provides insight intohowEPC-K1 is effective in limiting systemic inflammation and injury, not just organ-specific inflammation [3e12]. Cardiac cells, for example, have a tendency to producemorehydroxyl radicals as they mainly function in oxygen-rich environments. That is in stark contrast to the CNS, which consists largely of lipids and is, therefore, easily damaged by lipid radicals and peroxidation [14]. In view of these unique characteristics, EPC-K1 showcases high potential to be an effective therapeutic agent in the context of ischemia-reperfusion injuries. Wide applicability to multiple organs offers antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and cell-protective defense against free radical-mediated cellular damage. In spite of this prospect, research on EPC-K1 peaked in the mid-1990s, with diminishing interest now shown in Western countries.