CD32B

Results of a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study of inhaled Leukine® in non-hospitalized patients at risk for severe COVID-19 LEXINGTON, Mass., Dec. 20, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Partner Therapeutics, Inc. (PTx) announced today that Open Forum Infectious Diseases recently published the results from the SCOPE study (doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofad500.351).1 These data were also presented at IDWeek 2023. The study was a prospective, multicenter study of 600 non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients randomized to receive either inhaled Leukine® (sargramostim; yeast-derived, glycosylated recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [rhu GM-CSF]) or placebo. SCOPE included patients diagnosed with symptomatic mild/moderate COVID-19 who were at high risk for progression to severe disease. Of the 600 patients, 93 were vaccinated. Inhaled sargramostim, administered daily for five days, was well tolerated, no cytokine changes were observed, and adverse events were generally similar across both arms. The primary study endpoint was to determine if inhaled sargramostim could prevent progression to more severe disease as determined by any emergency room visit, hospitalization, or death by day 28. No difference was found in the primary endpoint between treatment arms. However, the sargramostim arm had a greater reduction in overall symptom score (a secondary endpoint) than the placebo arm. Results of prior studies of sargramostim in patients hospitalized with COVID-192,3 showed inhaled sargramostim plus standard of care led to greater improvement in P(A–a)O2, a measure of oxygenation, compared to standard of care alone. Exploratory analyses of a biomarker cohort (n=101, containing both vaccinated and unvaccinated patients) revealed potential immunomodulatory effects of sargramostim. Humoral and cellular immune signatures adjust to a multiplying SARS-CoV-2 viral load during the progression from mild to severe COVID-19.4,5 SCOPE investigators observed that treatment with inhaled sargramostim enhanced SARS-CoV-2 viral load clearance, modulated the humoral kinetics and magnitude against SAS-CoV-2 antigens, and suggested enhanced IgG4 expression and FcGR2B binding.2 The effect of sargramostim on humoral immune response was more pronounced in patients who have received a COVID-19 vaccination. The translational data from this study show modulation of humoral immunity with sargramostim treatment. Ila Joshi, Ph.D., Director of Biology, Pre-Clinical and Translational Research and Development at PTx observed, "The exploratory results from the biomarker cohort provide evidence of the potential for sargramostim to act as a virus-agnostic, host-directed immunomodulator. The combined effect of sargramostim and a COVID-19 vaccination observed on the humoral response, humoral kinetics, and viral load highlight a synergistic immune response against virus-specific antigens." This effort was funded by the Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense (JPEO-CBRND) under project agreement MCDC2006-012. Included references to commercial products do not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Defense Department or the JPEO-CBRND. Leukine® is not approved to treat COVID-19. ABOUT IDWEEK IDWeek is the joint annual meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, the HIV Medicine Association, the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists. IDWeek 2023 was held October 11-15, 2023, in Boston. ABOUT Leukine® Leukine® (sargramostim) is a glycosylated recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhu GM-CSF) produced by recombinant DNA technology in yeast. Leukine® is indicated: To shorten time to neutrophil recovery and to reduce the incidence of severe and life-threatening infections and infections resulting in death following induction chemotherapy in adult patients 55 years and older with acute myeloid leukemia. For the mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells into peripheral blood for collection by leukapheresis and autologous transplantation in adult patients. For the acceleration of myeloid reconstitution following autologous bone marrow or peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation in adult and pediatric patients two years of age and older. For the acceleration of myeloid reconstitution following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in adult and pediatric patients two years of age and older. For treatment of delayed neutrophil recovery or graft failure after autologous or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in adult and pediatric patients two years of age and older. To increase survival in adult and pediatric patients from birth to 17 years of age acutely exposed to myelosuppressive doses of radiation (Hematopoietic Syndrome of Acute Radiation Syndrome). Important Safety Information for Leukine® (sargramostim) Contraindications Do not administer Leukine® to patients with a history of serious allergic reaction, including anaphylaxis, to human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, sargramostim, yeast-derived products, or any other component of Leukine®. Warnings and Precautions Serious hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylactic reactions, have been reported with Leukine®. If a serious allergic or anaphylactic reaction occurs, immediately discontinue Leukine® therapy, and institute medical management. Discontinue Leukine® permanently for patients with serious allergic reactions. Leukine® can cause infusion-related reactions that may be characterized by respiratory distress, hypoxia, flushing, hypotension, syncope, and/or tachycardia. Observe closely during infusion, particularly in patients with preexisting lung disease; dose adjustment or discontinuation may be needed. Leukine® should not be administered simultaneously with or within 24 hours preceding cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiotherapy or within 24 hours following chemotherapy. Edema, capillary leak syndrome, and pleural or pericardial effusions have been reported in patients after Leukine® administration. Leukine® should be used with caution in patients with preexisting fluid retention, pulmonary infiltrates, or congestive heart failure. Such patients should be monitored. Supraventricular arrhythmia has been reported in uncontrolled studies during Leukine® administration, particularly in patients with a history of cardiac arrhythmia. Use Leukine® with caution in patients with preexisting cardiac disease. If absolute neutrophil count > 20,000 cells/mm3 or if white blood cell counts > 50,000/mm3, Leukine® administration should be interrupted, or the dose reduced by half. Monitor complete blood counts with differential twice per week. Discontinue Leukine® therapy if tumor progression, particularly in myeloid malignancies, is detected during Leukine® treatment. Treatment with Leukine® may induce neutralizing anti-drug antibodies. Use Leukine® for the shortest duration needed. Avoid administration of solutions containing benzyl alcohol (including Leukine® for injection reconstituted with Bacteriostatic Water for Injection, USP [0.9 % benzyl alcohol]) to neonates and low birth weight infants. Drug Interactions Avoid the concomitant use of Leukine® and products that induce myeloproliferation. Monitor for clinical and laboratory signs of excess myeloproliferative effects. Adverse Reactions Adverse events occurring in >10% of patients receiving Leukine® in controlled clinical trials and reported at a higher frequency than in placebo patients are: In recipients of autologous bone marrow transplantation–asthenia, malaise, diarrhea, rash, peripheral edema, urinary tract disorder. In recipients of allogeneic blood and marrow transplant–abdominal pain, chills, chest pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, hematemesis, dysphagia, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, pruritus, bone pain, arthralgia, eye hemorrhage, hypertension, tachycardia, bilirubinemia, hyperglycemia, increased creatinine, hypomagnesemia, edema, pharyngitis, epistaxis, dyspnea, insomnia, anxiety, high glucose, low albumin. In patients with acute myeloid leukemia–fever, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, skin reactions, metabolic laboratory abnormalities, edema. ABOUT PARTNER THERAPEUTICS Partner Therapeutics, Inc., an integrated biotechnology company, focuses on development and commercialization of late-stage therapeutics to improve health outcomes in treatment of cancer and other serious diseases. The company believes in delivering products and supporting medical teams with the purpose of achieving superior outcomes for patients and their families. Visit . ABOUT THE JPEO-CBRND The Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense (JPEO-CBRND) mission is to provide an integrated layered chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear defense capabilities to the Joint Force across combined Joint All-Domain Operations. JPEO-CBRND's goal is to enable the Joint Force to fight and win unencumbered by a CBRN environment. To learn more about JPEO-CBRND, visit: , or follow JPEO-CBRND on social media @JPEOCBRND. References: 1 Joshi I, Garner F, Roychowdhury DF, et al. Inhaled Sargramostim (rhu GM-CSF) Leads to Enhanced SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Specific Immune Response and Viral Clearance: Results of the Biomarker Cohort of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2b Trial in Non-Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19. Open Forum Infectious Diseases. 2023;10(Supplement 2). doi:10.1093/ofid/ofad500.351 2 Paine R, Chasse R, Halstead ES, et al. Inhaled Sargramostim (Recombinant Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor) for COVID-19-Associated Acute Hypoxemia: Results of the Phase 2, Randomized, Open-Label Trial (iLeukPulm) [published online ahead of print, 2022 Dec 2]. Mil Med. 2022;188(7-8):e2629-e2638. doi:10.1093/milmed/usac362 3 Bosteels C, Van Damme KFA, De Leeuw E, et al. Loss of GM–CSF–Dependent Instruction of Alveolar Macrophages in COVID–19 Provides a Rationale for Inhaled GM–CSF Treatment. Cell Rep Med. 2022:100833. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100833 4 Galipeau Y, Greig M, Liu G, Driedger M, Langlois MA. Humoral Responses and Serological Assays in SARS-CoV-2 Infections. Front Immunol. 2020;11:610688. Published 2020 Dec 18. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.610688 5 Zhou X, Ye Q. Cellular Immune Response to COVID-19 and Potential Immune Modulators. Front Immunol. 2021;12:646333. Published 2021 Apr 30. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.646333 SOURCE Partner Therapeutics, Inc.

12月12日晚，演员周海媚工作室发布讣告称：周海媚因病医治无效，于2023年12月11日离世。据相关资料：周海媚此前长期受红斑狼疮困扰。红斑狼疮也被很多人称为“不死的癌症”。因为这种疾病目前无法根治，但正规科学治疗，病情可以得到控制。狼疮有多常见？据美国狼疮基金会（Lupus Foundation of America）估计，全世界至少500万人患有某种形式的狼疮，且每年新增病例高达 16,000 例。据《中国系统性红斑狼疮发展报告2020》显示：我国系统性系统性红斑狼疮患者超100万人，总数位居全球第一，发病率位居第二。SLE已成为国内常见的自身免疫性疾病之一。虽然狼疮是一种广泛传播的疾病，但对该疾病的认识远远落后。据LFA调研，63%的受访美国人从未听说过狼疮，或者对这种疾病及其症状知之甚少或一无所知。狼疮有哪些症状？狼疮是一种慢性疾病，会引起全身炎症，影响皮肤、关节和肾脏、心脏和大脑等多个器官，几乎所有的系统都可能受累。系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）是最常见的狼疮类型。图源ACR官网(侵删）患者可能会出现哪些常见症状呢？最明显的症状就是面颊出现“蝶形红斑”，根据病情轻重，具体到不同器官受损，可能表现不同：红斑狼疮常见症状全身症状：发烧、乏力、厌食、体重下降等关节、肌肉疼痛皮疹、雷诺现象、光过敏、脱发、口腔溃疡眼睛干涩、腺体肿胀胸痛、胸闷、心慌、呼吸急促头痛、精神异常、癫痫贫血、血栓肢体水肿、泡沫尿等（图源：百度健康医典）哪些是SLE的高发人群？美国狼疮基金会（简称LFA）指出，百分之九十 (90%) 的狼疮患者是女性。大多数狼疮患者在 15-44 岁之间发病，其中适婚年龄的女性的病例数为男性的九倍。具体病因尚不明确，目前认为可能与激素、环境因子，及遗传有关。该基金会资助的一项研究发现，总体而言，狼疮是 5-64 岁女性死亡的 20 大主要原因之一。在黑人和西班牙裔女性中，排除三种常见的外伤死亡原因后，狼疮在 15-24 岁年龄组中排名第 5 位，在 25-34 岁年龄组中排名第 6 位，在 35-44 岁年龄组中排名第 8-9 位。SLE能治愈吗？狼疮是一种毁灭性的、改变生活的疾病，目前无法治愈, 但通过正规科学治疗，病情可以得到控制。美国风湿病学会（ACR）资料显示，治疗目标是抑制过度活跃的免疫系统，最终达到疾病缓解（remission）并防止永久性器官损伤。SLE的治疗主要以药物治疗为基础，包括激素药物治疗、抗疟药物治疗、免疫抑制剂、生物制剂等。 图源：《2020中国系统性红斑狼疮诊疗指南》SLE治疗领域有哪些靶向性生物药？靶向药物目前已经有两款用于治疗 SLE 的生物药于中国获批上市，包括葛兰素史克的贝利尤单抗 （Belimumab）和荣昌生物的泰它西普，给更多的SLE患者带来了新的希望。1.GSK-贝利尤单抗 （Belimumab）贝利尤单抗是首个作用于B淋巴细胞刺激因子(BLyS)的抑制剂，它是一种重组的完全人源化IgG2λ单克隆抗体，可与可溶性BLyS高亲和力结合并抑制其活性。根据药物研究数据显示，该药能够实现持续的疾病控制、有助于稳定长期症状、改善患者的长期预后。美国风湿病学会2022年会上发表的一项新研究发现，无论患者是否同时患有系统性红斑狼疮（SLE 或狼疮），B 细胞抑制剂贝利尤单抗都能显著改善皮肤红斑狼疮。该药于 2011 年获美国 FDA 批准上市，于 2019 年获中国药监局批准上市，用于正在接受标准治疗的活动性、自身抗体阳性的 SLE 成人患者。2.荣昌生物-泰它西普泰它西普于 2021年3月9日获中国药监局批准上市，该药为我国自主研发的创新药，与常规治疗联合，适用于在常规治疗基础上仍具有高疾病活动的活动性、自身抗体阳性的系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）成年患者。此外，目前在研的SLE靶向药物有2023年4月10日，药明巨诺宣布瑞基奥仑赛注射液 (简称relmacel) 用于治疗中重度难治性系统性红斑狼疮 (SLE) 的新药临床试验申请(IND) 已获得中国国家药品监督管理局 (NMPA) 的默示许可2023年2月Provention Bio和中美华东递交HDM3002的临床试验申请获得受理，并于4月26日获得NMPA批准开展HDM3002对狼疮疗效的Ⅱa期临床试验（PREVAIL-2）。HDM3002（PRV-3279）是一种靶向B细胞表面CD32B和CD79B的人源化双抗，具有治疗B细胞介导的自身免疫性疾病和预防或降低生物治疗的免疫原性的潜力。2023年9月研发日上，BMS 更新了细胞疗法管线，加大在自身免疫疾病领域的研发投入，首款产品 CD19 NEX T 已进入临床研发阶段。2023 年 11 月 27 日，亘喜生物 的 FasTCAR-T GC012F 治疗难治性系统性红斑狼疮的 1/2 期新药临床试验（IND）申请获美国 FDA 批准。GC012F 是 CD19/BCMA 双靶 CAR-T，既能够杀伤表达 CD19 的 B 细胞，也能 够杀伤表达 BCMA 的浆细胞，而浆细胞是抗体产生的主要来源，因此有望在治疗自免疾病中取得更好的效果。CAR-T为SLE带来治愈曙光糖皮质激素为代表的传统药物，在治疗系统性红斑狼疮存在某些明显的副作用。相比之下，靶向性的生物药能够高特异性结合靶点，减少副作用发生，一定程度上提升了疗效和安全性。但靶向药对肿瘤控制的机制是“抑制”，而非“消除”。不可否认的是，目前尚无疗法能够根治SLE。但近几年一些临床研究显示，CD19靶向的CAR-T细胞疗法对系统性红斑狼疮患者产生了良好的治疗效果，这为系统性红斑狼疮患者带来了治愈的曙光。2022年9月，Georg Schett 团队在《Nature Medicine》上发文报道了 5 例难治性 SLE 患者接受 CD19 CAR-T 治疗的疗效数据，经过CAR-T细胞治疗后，所有患者病情得到改善，在长达17个月的随访中未出现复发，并且均实现了无药物缓解。ASH 2023 年会上更新的数据再次证明了CAR-T 疗法治疗自身免疫疾病安全性良好。2023 美国风湿病学会年会 ACR 的一项新研究表明 , CAR-T 细胞疗法可以持续抑制难治性狼疮中的自身抗体，同时保持对疫苗的强劲反应。据《2023年医药行业专题报告：CAR~T为系统性红斑狼疮带来治愈曙光》资料显示，CAR-T 疗法是基因工程化的自体 T 细胞，此前已广泛应用于 B 细胞肿瘤治疗，有望完全缓解 SLE 疾病。CAR-T 有望安全高效达到一次性治愈，从而使患者摆脱药物治疗，恢复正常生活，具有很高的临床和社会价值。“狼疮”本土化诊治，让患者“多幸福生活60年”2022发布的《中国系统性红斑狼疮蓝皮书》，涵盖了国际临床数据的支持、中国的临床研究结果以及中成药对系统性红斑狼疮的疗效，是更适合中国人的本土化方案。报告指出，我国84.13%的患者正在使用激素治疗。据国家皮肤与免疫疾病临床医学研究中心办公室主任、北京协和医院风湿免疫科副主任李梦涛介绍，分层治疗是一种有效的方法，根据患者的病情使用不同的激素剂量，还可以在控制住病情的情况下，由医生来决定逐渐减少激素用药到最小，乃至停用。“目前，国内外风湿免疫疾病的基础、临床、转化研究都取得了丰硕成果，生物制剂等靶向药物的问世给SLE患者减少激素用量、实现器官保护带来了可能，‘让患者多幸福生活60年’是我们不懈努力的目标。”参考资料【1】参考美国风湿病学会（American College of Rheumatology，ACR）、美国狼疮基金会（Lupus Foundation of America，LFA）、国家药品监督管理局（CDE）、各公司官网等【2】参考《中国系统性红斑狼疮蓝皮书》等公开资料。细胞系产品查询投稿丨商务合作转载丨加交流群往期推荐恒瑞医药生物药管线全梳理中生制药企业梳理石药集团生物药技术平台及管线梳理国内ADC热门靶点竞争格局一览点击下方“药研网”，关注更多精彩内容

关注并星标CPHI制药在线   近日，华东医药全资子公司中美华东从美国Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals公司引入的注射用利纳西普（暂定）在国内的上市申请获CDE受理。利纳西普是基于再生元细胞因子捕捉网（Trap）技术开发的一种皮下注射用重组二聚体融合蛋白，可阻断白细胞介素-1α（IL-1α）和白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）的信号传导，已被FDA批准用于治疗冷吡啉相关的周期性综合征（CAPS）（2008.02）、IL-1受体拮抗剂缺乏症（DIRA）（2020.12）和复发性心包炎（2021.12），商品名为Arcalyst。       随着新适应症的获批，Arcalyst市场潜力不断被挖掘。据悉，今年前三季度该药销售额达1.62亿美元，预计今年全年销售额将达到2.2-2.3亿美元。       围绕Arcalyst，药企间先后达成多项交易。2017年，Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals从再生元获得Arcalyst的许可。2022年，华东医药从Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals获得Arcalyst在中国、韩国、澳大利亚、新西兰、印度等24个亚太国家和地区（不含日本）的开发、注册及商业化授权。       在国内，Arcalyst于2018年11月被CDE纳入第一批《临床急需境外新药名单》，2023年1月被CDE纳入优先审评名单，用于治疗成人和12岁及以上青少年冷吡啉相关周期性综合征（CAPS），包括家族性寒冷型自身炎症综合征（FCAS）、Muckle-Wells综合征（MWS）。       冷吡啉相关周期性综合征治疗进展       冷吡啉相关周期性综合征（CAPS），又称为冷炎素相关周期性综合征，是一组罕见的遗传性自身炎症性疾病，由Nlrp3基因过度激活引起。CAPS多于婴幼儿期发病，主要表现为反复发热、受冷后荨麻疹样皮疹、关节痛，伴有急性期反应物升高。据公开资料，CAPS全球发病率为百万分之一到十万分之一，其中美国发病率为1~2/100万，法国发病率为1/36万。       由于Nlrp3基因突变会导致gain of function，从而过度活化炎症小体，导致免疫细胞中细胞因子IL-1b持续且不受控制地分泌表达，引发CAPS等自身炎症性疾病。目前获批治疗CAPS的药物主要是IL-1受体拮抗剂，如阿那白滞素(Anakinra，Kineret)、利纳西普和卡那单抗(canakinumab，商品名Ilaris)。       其中阿那白滞素是一种重组、非糖基化形式的人IL-1受体拮抗剂，已被批准用于治疗CAPS、类风湿关节炎（RA）、IL-1受体拮抗剂缺乏症、COVID-19和家族性地中海热（FMF）等。今年10月，该药在国内被批准用于治疗成人、青少年、儿童和8个月及以上婴幼儿患者的家族性地中海热。       卡那单抗是一种人源化抗IL-1β单克隆抗体，已被批准用于治疗CAPS、家族性地中海热、活动性系统性青少年特发性关节炎、痛风发作等。       此外，目前全球还有多款药物被开发用于治疗CAPS，如Inflazome的Inzomelid、Ventyx Biosciences 的VTX2735。其中Inzomelid是一款口服强效、选择性NLRP3炎性小体抑制剂，2020年7月被FDA授予治疗CAPS的孤儿药资格认定。已完成研究结果显示，Inzomelid在健康受试者中具有良好的安全性、耐受性和药代动力学。       VTX2735是一种口服、选择性和外周限制性（不通过血脑屏障）NLRP3抑制剂，拟开发用于治疗全身性炎症性疾病。细胞试验证明VTX2735具有NLRP3抑制作用，在动物模型中具有体内药效学活性，并且在多个临床前物种中具有高口服生物利用度。       华东医药深耕自免领域       除了利纳西普，华东医药还在自免疾病领域布局多款产品，如HDM3002（PRV-3279）、HDM3001（QX001S）、Zoryve®乳膏（0.3%）、Wynzora®。       HDM3002（PRV-3279）是一款靶向CD32b和CD79b的人源化双特异性抗体，通过同时结合CD32B和CD79B受体，触发对B细胞功能和自身抗体产生的抑制，从而在不引起B细胞耗竭的情况下调节B细胞。研究发现，PRV-3279具有治疗B细胞介导的自身免疫性疾病和预防或降低生物治疗的免疫原性的潜力。       已完成的1期试验结果显示，PRV-3279具有良好的耐受性。在最后一次给药后8周，免疫球蛋白M（IgM）水平仍低于正常水平，这证明PRV-3279对B细胞功能的持久抑制作用。       PRV-3279由Provention Bio开发，2021年2月华东医药获得该药治疗系统性红斑狼疮、预防或降低基因治疗的免疫原性两个适应症在中国大陆、中国香港、中国澳门和中国台湾地区的独家临床开发及商业化权益。       HDM3001（QX001S）是华东医药与荃信生物合作开发的乌司奴单抗生物类似物。乌司奴单抗是强生研发的一款选择性IL-12/IL-23抑制剂，已被NMPA批准用于治疗成人斑块状银屑病、儿童斑块状银屑病及克罗恩病。今年8月，HDM3001治疗成年中重度斑块状银屑病的上市许可申请获CDE受理。       Zoryve®乳膏(罗氟司特乳膏)是第一个且唯一一个获批治疗斑块型银屑病的局部磷酸二酯酶4(PDE4)抑制剂，可以快速清除银屑病斑块并减少身体所有受影响区域的瘙痒。2023年8月，华东医药与Arcutis Biotherapeutics签署产品独家许可协议，获得罗氟司特乳膏和泡沫剂在大中华区和东南亚的独家开发、注册、生产及商业化授权。       Wynzora®是一种基于乳膏的钙泊三醇和二丙酸倍他米松的固定剂量组合产品，2020年7月被FDA批准作为每日一次的外用疗法，用于≥18岁成人治疗斑块型银屑病。2023年8月，华东医药与MC2 Therapeutics 签署战略合作协议，获得Wynzora®乳膏在大中华区（中国大陆、中国香港、中国澳门和中国台湾）的独家开发和商业化权益。       自免疾病市场潜力巨大，是国内外药企积极布局的热门领域。华东医药是自免疾病领域布局的隐形大牛，除了自主研发，还积极从外部引进，期待华东医药自免领域产品可以早日变现。       提交制药行业采购需求，好礼等你来拿来源：CPHI制药在线声明：本文仅代表作者观点，并不代表制药在线立场。本网站内容仅出于传递更多信息之目的。如需转载，请务必注明文章来源和作者。投稿邮箱：Kelly.Xiao@imsinoexpo.com▼更多制药资讯，请关注CPHI制药在线▼点击阅读原文，进入智药研习社~