Objective: To improve quality-of-life and health care delivery to patients receiving ureteral stents.
Specific Aims: Evaluate the feasibility, practicality, and qualitative outcomes of utilizing intra-nasal ketorolac in patients with indwelling ureteral stents (Phase I), followed by a randomized trial comparing two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, intra-nasal Ketorolac versus oral Diclofenac.
Hypotheses: Due to its favorable pharmacokinetics in relieving acute pain, investigators expect improved pain scores and a lower rate of unplanned clinical encounters in patients receiving intra-nasal ketorolac compared to those taking oral diclofenac following ureteroscopic surgery for urolithiasis.
Study Rationale: Following ureteroscopic management of urolithiasis, patient with indwelling ureter stents have higher levels of discomfort compared to those without a ureter stent. Prior studies showed that intramuscular Ketorolac at time of ureter stent removal decreased the incidence of unplanned clinical encounters. Furthermore, onset of analgesic effect by intra-nasal ketorolac is faster than its oral form, and similar its intramuscular and intravenous counterparts.

开始日期2024-11-01

申办/合作机构

The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

[+1]

IRCT20220706055402N6 / Recruiting临床3期IIT

effect of ketorolac wound infiltration on caesarian post operative pain

开始日期2024-10-12

申办/合作机构-

IRCT20120215009014N531 / Recruiting临床3期IIT

A comparison of the analgesic effect of ketorolac, morphine and Apotel in head trauma patients: a triple-blind randomized clinical trial

开始日期2024-10-11

申办/合作机构

Hamedan University of Medical Sciences

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项与酮咯酸相关的文献（医药）

2024-11-01·The Laryngoscope

Post‐Tonsillectomy Bleeding and Analgesic Use Before and After the FDA Boxed Warning Against Codeine

Article

作者: Chalamgari, Anjalika ; Carr, Michele M. ; Vijay, Arunima ; Cottone, Chloe

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the trends in post‐tonsillectomy analgesic utility and incidence of post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage before and after the 2013 FDA Boxed Warning against codeine use after pediatric tonsillectomy.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted using TriNetX. A search for patients up to 18 years from 2008 to 2022 within the US Collaborative Network identified 15,648,542 subjects. CPT and ICD‐10 codes were used to identify children who experienced post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage within 14 days of a tonsillectomy. Analgesics given within 14 days of tonsillectomy were tabulated annually from 2008 to 2022, including codeine, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, oxycodone, ketorolac, and hydrocodone. Bleeding percentage and analgesic utility were grouped into events before and after 2013.ResultsMean age at tonsillectomy was 5.6 years (SD = 3.0). Before 2013, the median percentage of children who experienced postoperative bleeding was 1.8% with 0.73% returning to the OR for bleeding control. After 2013, the median percentage of children who experienced postoperative bleeding was 2.4% (p = 0.029), and 0.99% returned to the OR (p = 0.008). Use of post‐tonsillectomy codeine fell from 10.4% to 0.5% (p = 0.003) whereas ibuprofen rose from 2.0% to 63.9% (p = <0.001), acetaminophen from 42.8% to 77.2% (p = <0.001), ketorolac from 1.2% to 9.2% (p = <0.001), and oxycodone from 2.0% to 30.9% (p = <0.001). No change was detected in use of hydrocodone.ConclusionAnalgesics used post‐tonsillectomy in children have changed since the FDA Boxed Warning against codeine. There has been a small but statistically significant increase in post‐tonsillectomy bleeding.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:4783–4788, 2024

2024-11-01·Heliyon

Efficacy of continuous preperitoneal ropivacaine infusion in women with cesarean section: A prospective, randomized controlled, single blinded study

Article

作者: Kim, Jong Bun ; Lee, Hee Joung ; Cho, Eui-Jin ; Kim, Yeon-Hee ; Jung, Gyul ; Kim, Yoonho ; Kim, Woo Jeng ; Hwang, In Seon

BackgroundAdequate postoperative pain management after cesarean section is important for the prognosis of both mother and infant. However, excessive prescription of opioid analgesics has become a concern. This study evaluated the efficacy of local continuous subfascial infusion of ropivacaine in relieving postoperative pain and reducing opioid requirements in postpartum women with cesarean section.MethodsSeventy eligible women undergoing cesarean section were randomly allocated to the ropivacaine and the normal saline group for continuous subfascial wound infiltration. All patients received additional fentanyl through an intravenous patient-controlled analgesia pump. Pain score using the visual analog scale, opioid consumption through pump, and requirements for other analgesics were postoperatively measured within 8 h, 1 day, and 2 days after surgery. Statistical analysis was performed with independent t-tests for continuous variables and Chi-square tests for categorical variables. Paired Wilcoxon and student's t-tests were used for paired samples.ResultsSixty-nine patients (35 in the study and 34 in the control group) were analyzed. The mean VAS scores were lower in the study group all three periods, with significance achieved at day 2 (2.74 ± 0.95 versus 3.41 ± 1.33, p = 0.028). The intravenous fentanyl consumptions were significantly lower in the study group at all three periods. Total administration of additional non-opioid analgesics including ketorolac, propacetamol, and pethidine was higher in the control group.ConclusionsContinuous subfascial ropivacaine infusion is effective in relieving pain and reducing opioid-based analgesia and other analgesics requirements.

2024-11-01·Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics

Efficacy of a Multimodal Surgical Site Injection for Postoperative Pain Control in Pediatric Patients With Cerebral Palsy Undergoing Hip Reconstruction: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Article

作者: Young, Bailey ; Swaroop, Vineeta T. ; Thompson, Rachel M. ; Greig, Danielle ; Sun, Christina A. ; McBride, Daniel ; Klomhaus, Alexandra

Background:One in 4 children with cerebral palsy (CP) will undergo orthopaedic surgery during their childhood. Despite its ubiquity, postoperative pain control has been poorly studied in this patient population. Moreover, poor pain management has been associated with adverse surgical outcomes. Multimodal analgesic injections have been well studied in the adult population, demonstrating safety and efficacy in reducing postoperative pain and narcotic consumption, but this modality has not been studied in pediatric patients undergoing similarly complex procedures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a multimodal surgical site injection for postoperative pain control following operative management of hip dysplasia in patients with CP.Methods:After obtaining IRB approval, a multicenter, randomized double-blind placebo control trial was completed. Patients below 18 years old with a diagnosis of CP who were scheduled for varus derotation osteotomy (VDRO) of the proximal femur were randomized to receive a surgical-site injection with either a combination of ropivacaine (3 mg/kg), epinephrine (0.5 mg), and ketorolac (0.5 mg/kg) (experimental group) or normal saline (control). All included patients had identical postoperative care, including immobilization, physical therapy, and standardized, multimodal postoperative pain control. Pain scores and narcotic consumption were recorded at regular intervals and compared between groups utilizing two-tailed t test or a nonparametric Mann-Whitney test for quantitative variables and a Fischer exact test for categorical variables.Results:Thirty-four patients were included, evenly divided between study arms. There were no significant differences in demographic variables, gross motor function classification system (GMFCS), comorbidities, preoperative radiographic parameters, or concomitant surgeries between groups. Patients in the experimental group required significantly lower narcotic medications at all postoperative time points from PACU until hospital discharge compared with controls (0.41 ± 0.42 vs. 1.87 ± 2.05 total morphine mEQ/kg, P=0.01). Similarly, patients in the experimental group were found to have significantly lower pain scores throughout their hospital stays compared with controls (1.0 ± 0.6 vs. 2.4 ± 1.1 mean pain score, P<0.001). There were no significant differences in operative time, OR time, blood transfusion requirements or hospital length of stay between groups. There were no adverse medication reactions or injection site complications in either group.Conclusions:In patients with CP undergoing hip reconstruction, surgical-site injection with a multimodal analgesic combination improves pain control and reduces narcotic consumption in the early postoperative period with no observed adverse effects.Significance:Local multimodal analgesic injections should be adopted as part of standard multimodal pain control in this patient population for all osseous surgeries.Level of Evidence:Level I—therapeutic.

项与酮咯酸相关的新闻（医药）

2024-11-05

·PRNewswire

New Study Compares Caldolor® (ibuprofen injection) to ketorolac

– Real World Study Compared Over 150,000 Adult & Pediatric Patients – – Caldolor Associated with Fewer Adverse Drug Reactions – – Caldolor also Improved Healthcare Utilization – NASHVILLE, Tenn., Nov. 5, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Specialty pharmaceutical company Cumberland Pharmaceuticals (Nasdaq: CPIX) today announced the publication of new real-world outcomes research demonstrating the safety and healthcare resource advantages of its Caldolor (ibuprofen) injection over ketorolac in both adult and pediatric populations. The study, published in Frontiers of Pain Research, provides compelling evidence that Caldolor is associated with a significantly reduced incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and improved healthcare utilizations when compared to ketorolac. This extensive, retrospective, payer database analysis evaluated the records of over 17 million patients who had received either ketorolac or Caldolor. Ultimately, 31,046 Caldolor and 124,184 ketorolac adult patients were selected and compared for ADRs and subsequent healthcare resource utilization, which includes inpatient, outpatient and emergency department visits as well as all procedures and prescriptions during the follow up time of 29 days. An additional 5,579 pediatric patients were identified in each arm and compared in a separate claims analysis. Key findings reveal that, in adults, Caldolor was associated with a 45% reduction in renal dysfunction (p<0.001) and a 78% decrease in hematuria rates (p<0.001) when compared to ketorolac. Notably, patients also experienced fewer gastrointestinal complications as well as reduced headaches, nausea and abdominal pain. Among pediatric patients, the results showed Caldolor was associated with a 51-65% lower rate of ADRs, including headache and nausea, with 95% confidence intervals supporting clinical significance. Caldolor also demonstrated a positive impact on healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) when compared to ketorolac, with decreased emergency room and outpatient visits, as well as a shortened hospital length of stay for both adults and children. "These findings underscore Caldolor's potential to improve patient care by reducing their treatment complications, while also delivering potential savings for healthcare systems through decreased hospital readmissions and shortened treatment times," said A.J. Kazimi, CEO of Cumberland Pharmaceuticals. About Caldolor® (ibuprofen) Injection Caldolor is indicated in adults and pediatric patients for the management of mild to moderate pain and management of moderate to severe pain as an adjunct to opioid analgesics, as well as the reduction of fever. It was the first FDA-approved intravenous therapy for fever. Caldolor is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to ibuprofen or other NSAIDs, patients with a history of asthma or other allergic type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs. Caldolor is contraindicated for use during the peri-operative period in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. For full prescribing and safety information, including boxed warning, visit . About Cumberland Pharmaceuticals Cumberland Pharmaceuticals Inc. is the largest biopharmaceutical company founded and headquartered in Tennessee and is focused on providing unique products that improve the quality of patient care. The company develops, acquires, and commercializes products for the hospital acute care, gastroenterology and oncology market segments. The company's portfolio of FDA-approved brands includes: Acetadote® (acetylcysteine) injection, for the treatment of acetaminophen poisoning; Caldolor® (ibuprofen) injection, for the treatment of pain and fever; Kristalose® (lactulose) oral, a prescription laxative, for the treatment of constipation; Sancuso® (granisetron) transdermal, for the prevention of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving certain types of chemotherapy treatment; Vaprisol® (conivaptan) injection, to raise serum sodium levels in hospitalized patients with euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia; and Vibativ® (telavancin) injection, for the treatment of certain serious bacterial infections including hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia, as well as complicated skin and skin structure infections. The company also has a series of Phase II clinical programs underway evaluating its ifetroban product candidate in patients with cardiomyopathy associated with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Systemic Sclerosis and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. For more information on Cumberland's approved products, including full prescribing information, please visit links to the individual product websites, which can be found on the company's website . Forward-Looking Statements This press release contains forward-looking statements, which are subject to certain risks and reflect Cumberland's current views on future events based on what it believes are reasonable assumptions. No assurance can be given that these events will occur. As with any business, all phases of Cumberland's operations are subject to factors outside of its control, and any one or combination of these factors could materially affect Cumberland's results of operations. These factors include market conditions, competition, an inability of manufacturers to produce Cumberland's products on a timely basis or failure of manufacturers to comply with regulations applicable to pharmaceutical manufacturers, maintaining an effective sales and marketing infrastructure, natural disasters, public health epidemics, and other events beyond our control, as more fully discussed in the Company's most recent Form 10-K and subsequent 10-Qs as filed with the SEC. There can be no assurance that results anticipated by the Company will be realized or that they will have the expected effects. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. The Company does not undertake any obligation to publicly revise these statements to reflect events after the date hereof. SOURCE Cumberland Pharmaceuticals Inc. WANT YOUR COMPANY'S NEWS FEATURED ON PRNEWSWIRE.COM? 440k+ Newsrooms & Influencers 9k+ Digital Media Outlets 270k+ Journalists Opted In GET STARTED

临床结果上市批准临床2期

2023-11-29

·Science Daily

Certain migraine medications may be more effective than Ibuprofen

For many people with migraine, it can be difficult to find a treatment that is effective and reliable, and information on how medications compare to one another is lacking. A new study draws data from nearly 300,000 people using a smartphone app to help people make decisions about their medications. The study found that certain migraine medications like triptans, ergots and anti-emetics may be two to five times more effective than ibuprofen for treating migraine attacks, according to new research. For many people with migraine, it can be difficult to find a treatment that is effective and reliable, and information on how medications compare to one another is lacking. A new study draws data from nearly 300,000 people using a smartphone app to help people make decisions about their medications. The study found that certain migraine medications like triptans, ergots and anti-emetics may be two to five times more effective than ibuprofen for treating migraine attacks, according to new research published in the November 29, 2023, online issue of Neurology®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology. Migraine attacks are characterized by intense throbbing head pain, sensitivity to light and sound, nausea or vomiting. Previous research has shown migraine can also be associated with cognitive issues. All of these symptoms may impact a person's quality of life and productivity. "There are many treatment options available to those with migraine. However, there is a lack of head-to-head comparisons of the effectiveness of these treatment options," said study author Chia-Chun Chiang, MD, of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, and member of the American Academy of Neurology. "These results confirm that triptans should be considered earlier for treating migraine, rather than reserving their use for severe attacks." For the study, researchers included over 3 million migraine attacks from nearly 300,000 users that were self-reported by people using a smartphone app during a six-year period. The app allows users to monitor the frequency of migraine attacks, triggers, symptoms and medication effectiveness. For those migraine attacks, participants entered 4.7 million treatment attempts with various medications into the app. They recorded in the app whether a medication was helpful or not. Researchers then used that information to calculate the effectiveness of each drug compared to ibuprofen. Researchers looked at a total of 25 medications among seven drug classes. Different dosages of medication and formulas of each medication were combined in this analysis. The study found that the top three classes of medications more effective than ibuprofen were triptans, ergots and anti-emetics. Triptans were five times more effective than ibuprofen, ergots were three times more effective and anti-emetics were two and a half times more effective. When looking at individual medications, the top three were eletriptan which was six times more effective than ibuprofen, zolmitriptan which was five and a half times more effective and sumatriptan which was five times more effective. Researchers found that when using eletriptan, participants found it helpful 78% of the time. Zolmitriptan was helpful 74% of the time and sumatriptan was helpful 72% of the time. Ibuprofen was helpful 42% of the time. Researchers also looked at other groups of medication such as acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs other than ibuprofen were 94% more effective than ibuprofen. Participants found ketorolac helpful 62% of the time, indomethacin was helpful 57% of the time, and diclofenac was helpful 56% of the time. However, acetaminophen was helpful 37% of the time and found to be 17% less effective than ibuprofen when used for treating migraines. Additionally, a common combination of medications used to treat migraine, aspirin, acetaminophen and caffeine was also evaluated and found to be 69% more effective than ibuprofen. "For people whose acute migraine medication is not working for them, our hope is that this study shows that there are many alternatives that work for migraine, and we encourage people to talk with their doctors about how to treat this painful and debilitating condition," said Chiang. A limitation of the study was evaluations of medications could be influenced by a user's expectations of the medication or the dosage they took. Another limitation was that newer migraine medications, gepants and ditans, were not included in the study due to the low amount of data when the study was conducted and lack of availability in many countries. The study was supported by the Kanagawa University of Human Services.

临床结果

2023-07-10

·drugs

EMS Crews May Not Always Follow Guidelines When Dosing Kids: Study

MONDAY, July 10, 2023 -- Less than half of all children treated by emergency medical services receive the right amount of medication during out-of-hospital emergencies, a new study found. In some cases, these incorrect doses can have serious consequences. “If you don't give the appropriate dose of the anti-seizure medication for a patient with an ongoing seizure, the seizure will not stop,” said study co-author Dr. Sriram Ramgopal , an attending physician in emergency medicine at Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago. “The longer a patient is seizing, the higher risk they are of having complications from that seizure," he said. They might aspirate into their lungs and get pneumonia from that, or they might have respiratory depression. And of course, if a child is having a seizure and you give too much of a medication, since they're also sedatives, they can suppress the child's breathing.” Specifically, the study -- published July 10 in the journal Pediatrics -- found that in the nearly 1 million pediatric encounters examined, just 42.6% administrations of 10 commonly used medications followed national guidelines. Seizure and sedating medications like morphine were among some of those most often given in incorrect amounts -- with most deviations representing an underdose. Those with the lowest adherence to guidelines were diazepam (19.4%) and lorazepam (21.2%). Appropriate dosing was most common with the anti-inflammatory methylprednisone (75.1%); intramuscular epinephrine (67.9%), which is often given to treat anaphylaxis; and the pain reliever ketorolac (56.4%). Dr. Jennifer Anders is a pediatric emergency medicine specialist at Johns Hopkins Children’s Center in Baltimore. While she was aware that incorrect dosing outside the hospital was a problem, she didn’t realize just how grave the situation was until she read the study. “What I found really stunning about this work that they did was … just how pervasive and extensive the problem is,” Anders said. “Even knowing that this was a problem, it really knocked my socks off.” Researcher Ramgopal stressed that blame for these inaccuracies should not be put on EMS workers themselves. “I think when we wrote the paper, we were very clear that while we think dosing errors are a part of it, I don't think that's all of it,” he said. “The paramedics who are doing this have a complex job in front of them. Rather than assigning blame to anybody, I think the important thing is: What can we do to improve systems, to minimize the risk of errors?” For children, most medications are dosed out based on weight. While there are techniques for doing so, guessing someone’s weight with relative accuracy can be difficult. Plus, when EMS workers face the stress of treating a child in crisis all while riding in the back of a truck, doing math to determine how much medication is needed can prove quite challenging. “It is not uncommon to have people do an error by 10 times the dose if they've misplaced a decimal point when they're doing that math,” Anders said. To make matters more complicated, there is no national standard among paramedics for pediatric drug doses. “The protocols that EMS is following vary from region to region, so those protocols might call for different doses of medications,” Ramgopal said. He said more centralized EMS practices could help close the gap on incorrect dosing. Several states rely guidelines put forth by the National Association of State EMS Officials, but many have their own guidelines, or, in some places, no official practices at all. The EMS for Children Program is also working to give all U.S. emergency departments the necessary resources and guidelines to care for children. Ramgopal also mentioned a 2015 study in which paramedics were given color-coded, prefilled syringes as a possible way to reduce dosing errors. The strategy was found to be significantly effective. Anders noted that another study is now in the works. The Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network is testing administration of seizure medication with only three size options for children instead of measuring out medication based on exact weight. She suspects such a method will soon be common practice. “What a lot of us that are very active in pediatric prehospital medicine, I think, foresee on the horizon is a move to less stringent standards for an exact weight-based dose and more kind of an estimated small, medium, large kind of dosing regimen to make things much simpler and take the math out of the work for EMS clinicians,” Anders said. Sources Sriram Ramgopal, MD, attending physician, emergency medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, and professor, pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago Jennifer Anders, MD, pediatric emergency medicine specialist, Johns Hopkins Children’s Center, Baltimore Pediatrics , July 10, 2023 Posted July 2023

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适应症	最高研发状态	国家/地区	公司	日期
术后疼痛	临床3期	-	Neumentum, Inc.初创企业	-
术后炎症	临床1期	美国	Layerbio, Inc.	-

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研究	分期	人群特征	评价人数	分组	结果	评价	发布日期


AAO2022	N/A	眼科外科手术	-	Epinephrine alone	(衊築餘鑰襯憲壓憲醖艱) = 網蓋憲糧膚構鬱鹹顧廠獵簾製膚遞選選網鑰願 (選衊製齋窪鹹夢鹽繭願 ) 更多	-	2022-09-29
				Omidria (intracameral phenylephrine and ketorolac)	(衊築餘鑰襯憲壓憲醖艱) = 築餘遞遞獵鬱醖製鏇廠獵簾製膚遞選選網鑰願 (選衊製齋窪鹹夢鹽繭願 ) 更多
TCTR20200909006 (Pubmed) 人工标引	临床3期	德凯尔费恩病	60	Lidocaine+Adrenaline+Ketorolac	築鑰壓簾餘廠網壓鬱餘(廠衊廠憲餘願襯積窪衊) = 繭憲艱齋顧膚觸膚齋憲構範鏇夢膚鬱膚壓齋鹽 (鏇簾餘顧蓋鏇構夢壓築, 2.0)	不佳	2022-09-01
				Lidocaine+Adrenaline+Triamcinolone Acetonide	築鑰壓簾餘廠網壓鬱餘(廠衊廠憲餘願襯積窪衊) = 築膚艱製網壓壓壓鬱積構範鏇夢膚鬱膚壓齋鹽 (鏇簾餘顧蓋鏇構夢壓築, 3.2)
NCT02358681 (CTgov)	临床3期	偏头痛	59	Placebo, intravenous+Ketorolac, intranasal (Ketorolac, Intranasal)	簾糧選鏇鬱廠淵淵壓壓(憲獵憲範淵窪淵窪醖範) = 鹹觸醖簾廠選選襯觸積膚網衊襯範艱構範構顧 (鹽獵選顧鬱鹽窪衊網鑰, 繭顧獵積夢鏇鑰壓網顧 ~ 鹽選憲蓋範憲齋範憲範) 更多	-	2022-01-12
				Placebo, intranasal+Ketorolac, intravenous (Ketorolac, Intravenous)	簾糧選鏇鬱廠淵淵壓壓(憲獵憲範淵窪淵窪醖範) = 繭遞衊鏇鏇鹽鑰製淵製膚網衊襯範艱構範構顧 (鹽獵選顧鬱鹽窪衊網鑰, 範網糧壓憲繭願艱膚築 ~ 齋蓋鹽顧製窪積齋製艱) 更多
PD26-02 (AUA2021)	N/A	-	-	Ketorolac	範廠選鏇糧築鏇願餘願(衊鹽鹹鹹鏇網繭夢鑰顧) = 積餘鹹鹹糧淵鏇淵壓襯遞願網齋簾鏇鏇鏇襯選 (繭窪構網範餘觸壓膚鬱 ) 更多	积极	2021-09-01
				TORADOL (KETOROLAC) (Control)	範廠選鏇糧築鏇願餘願(衊鹽鹹鹹鏇網繭夢鑰顧) = 壓選壓艱鏇鬱襯夢願鏇遞願網齋簾鏇鏇鏇襯選 (繭窪構網範餘觸壓膚鬱 ) 更多
NCT01806259 (KBCt \| KBC, CTgov)	临床3期	乳腺癌 \| 炎症	203	Ketorolac 30 mg IV (Ketorolac 30 mg)	(鹹廠鏇築構糧鹽鹹膚鑰) = 鏇遞憲鏇憲糧襯衊鏇積夢範鑰網鹽窪製鹹廠鬱 (壓製鹹淵築衊壓構網選, 繭積鏇艱鏇壓淵願廠選 ~ 繭繭衊淵製鹽壓鬱醖築) 更多	-	2020-01-18
				Placebos (NaCl 0.9% 3mL)	(鹹廠鏇築構糧鹽鹹膚鑰) = 憲淵獵鏇鹽繭餘餘衊廠夢範鑰網鹽窪製鹹廠鬱 (壓製鹹淵築衊壓構網選, 鏇選齋製選膚構醖膚積 ~ 糧選積膚構遞蓋餘製壓) 更多
AAO2019	N/A	眼科外科手术	-	Intravenous Ketorolac (IVK)	(憲膚醖構選蓋壓鹽鬱襯) = 鏇製鏇鬱膚衊鏇齋夢構網獵齋簾構遞襯窪獵遞 (衊夢鬱鑰艱積艱範簾窪 )	积极	2019-10-12
				Ketorolac	(憲膚醖構選蓋壓鹽鬱襯) = 鹹顧選製蓋簾願窪遞餘網獵齋簾構遞襯窪獵遞 (衊夢鬱鑰艱積艱範簾窪 )
Pubmed	N/A	-	18	S (-) ketorolac	(願鹹鬱膚簾簾廠遞鏇願) = 衊築糧廠壓鏇構壓鏇願蓋網觸積選蓋築簾蓋繭 (醖選壓觸憲醖壓簾鏇餘 ) 更多	-	2019-09-01
				R (+) ketorolac	(願鹹鬱膚簾簾廠遞鏇願) = 獵艱顧餘遞構襯範獵鬱蓋網觸積選蓋築簾蓋繭 (醖選壓觸憲醖壓簾鏇餘 ) 更多
2019 ARVO Annual Meeting (ARVO2019)	N/A	瞳孔散大	214	2.5% phenylephrine, 0.5% tropicamide, and 0.5% ketorolac	(遞鬱廠鏇鑰鹽網壓鏇願) = 糧餘壓壓築憲襯築蓋艱築遞壓簾鹹衊簾齋齋壓 (窪窪衊簾餘壓鹹憲簾艱 )	-	2019-07-01
				10% phenylephrine, 0.5% tropicamide, and 0.5% ketorolac	(遞鬱廠鏇鑰鹽網壓鏇願) = 襯觸遞醖襯艱遞觸壓鏇築遞壓簾鹹衊簾齋齋壓 (窪窪衊簾餘壓鹹憲簾艱 )
ADA2019	N/A	-	-	Lispro	夢獵築衊鏇範遞築願構(顧艱艱壓選蓋構鑰鹹製) = 醖壓齋糧襯鬱築築齋範鬱積簾襯憲膚窪選衊選 (艱繭淵淵鬱膚鹽齋築蓋 ) 更多	-	2019-06-01
				Mixed solution (lispro + ketorolac)	夢獵築衊鏇範遞築願構(顧艱艱壓選蓋構鑰鹹製) = 蓋築遞淵選範襯積餘願鬱積簾襯憲膚窪選衊選 (艱繭淵淵鬱膚鹽齋築蓋 ) 更多