中国科学院上海药物研究所丁侃团队在权威期刊发表突破性研究,首次从藏药独一味(Lamiophlomis rotata)中分离出一种果胶样多糖LRP01B(分子量15.9 kDa),该多糖通过双重靶向作用显著抑制胰腺导管腺癌(PDAC)进展。结构解析显示LRP01B主链以1,4-α-GalpA和1,2-α-Rhap为主,侧链含阿拉伯糖和木糖。机制研究表明,LRP01B可同时结合TRAIL及其受体TRAIL-R1,通过诱导线粒体功能障碍和氧化应激促使胰腺癌细胞凋亡。在患者来源移植瘤模型中,LRP01B表现出显著抑瘤效果,其独特的双靶点作用机制为开发天然来源的抗胰腺癌药物提供了新策略,彰显了传统草药多糖在肿瘤治疗领域的巨大潜力。
研究背景
胰腺癌作为一种高度转移的恶性消化系统肿瘤,其中80%以上为胰腺导管腺癌(PDAC)。胰腺癌是预后最差的癌症之一,目前是男女癌症死亡的第六大原因,占全球癌症死亡人数的近5%。目前,手术切除是临床上唯一可能治愈胰腺导管腺癌(PDAC)的方法,但大多数患者由于诊断晚期而没有机会成为候选者。此外,由于肿瘤组织周围存在致密的纤维化组织,PDAC常对化疗药物表现出耐药性,一线和二线姑息治疗疗效有限。因此,迫切需要阐明PDAC的潜在发病机制和分子机制,以开发更有效的疗法。
活性氧(ROS)和线粒体功能障碍在胰腺癌的进展和治疗耐药性中起着关键作用。ROS积累过多会诱导氧化应激,导致DNA损伤和蛋白质氧化,导致基因组不稳定和肿瘤进展。线粒体功能障碍以线粒体DNA突变受损为特征,进一步加剧了ROS的产生,这是胰腺癌的标志。多糖是由糖苷键连接的长链单糖单元组成的大分子。多糖具有多种多样、有效的生物活性,如免疫调节激活、抗病毒、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、神经保护和缺血再灌注损伤保护等,在功能性食品和生物医药产品中得到了广泛的应用,近几十年来,已经鉴定出100多种多糖在体外和体内直接抑制肿瘤生长,而其他多糖则通过免疫调节机制表现出肿瘤抑制特性。与其他常见化合物相比,多糖对癌症具有低毒性的高效性,使其成为进一步研究抗肿瘤药物和开发新型抗肿瘤辅助药物的有吸引力的候选者。因此,研究多糖的抗肿瘤作用及其在治疗癌症中的潜在用途势在必行。
研究内容
在这项研究中,我们重点研究了独一味(Lamiophlomis rotata)多糖对PDAC的抗肿瘤活性。至此,我们首先从Lamiophlomis rotata中分离并纯化了一种名为LRP01B的均质多糖。然后通过单糖组成、分子量分布、甲基化分析和核磁共振(NMR)波谱等多种分析技术表征其化学结构。重要的是,我们的研究结果表明,LRP01B 在体外和体内对 PDAC 细胞的生长都表现出显著的抑制作用。进一步探讨了多糖的靶分子及其作用机制。
研究结果
Fig. 1. Flow chart of LRP01B polysaccharide preparation. (A) The extraction and purification routine of LRP01B; (B) HPGPC chromatography analysis of LRP01B.
Fig. 2. The one-dimensional NMR spectra of LRP01B and its main chain. 1H NMR spectra results of LRP01B (A) and LRP01B-IN2 (B). 13C NMR spectra results of LRP01B (C) and LRP01B-IN2 (D). (A: T-α-Araf, B: 1,5-α-Araf, C: T-β-Xylp, D: T-β-Galp, E: T-β-GalpA, F: 1,2-α-Rhap, G: 1,2,4-α-Rhap, H: 1,3,4-α-Rhap, I: 1,4-β-Glcp; J: 1,6-β-Galp; K: 1,4-α-GalpA; L: 1,3,4-α-GalpA).
Fig. 3. Two-dimensional NMR spectra of LRP01B and its main chain. (A, B) HSQC spectra of LRP01B and its main chain LRP01B-IN2. (C, D) 1Hsingle bond1H COSY spectra of LRP01B and LRP01B-IN2. (E, F) HMBC spectra of LRP01B and LRP01B-IN2. (A: T-α-Araf, B: 1,5-α-Araf, C: T-β-Xylp, D: T-β-Galp, E: T-β-GalpA, F: 1,2-α-Rhap, G: 1,2,4-α-Rhap, H: 1,3,4-α-Rhap, I: 1,4-β-Glcp; J: 1,6-β-Galp; K: 1,4-α-GalpA; L: 1,3,4-α-GalpA).
Fig. 4. The putative structure of LRP01B.
Fig. 5. LRP01B exhibits anti-PDAC effects in vitro and in vivo. (A) MTT assay of PDAC cell lines AsPC-1, BxPC-3, PANC-1 and SW1990, human pancreatic duct epithelial cell line HPDE6-C7 and human fetal hepatocyte cell line LO2 (n = 3). These cells were treated with LRP01B at 0, 3, 6, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 100 μM for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively. (B) Cell viability of PCs was detected by a ReadyProbes® Cell Viability Imaging Kit after the treatment with different concentrations of LRP01B for 48 h. The green fluorescence indicated dead cells, the blue fluorescence represented living cells. Scale bar = 20 μm. (C) Tumor photographs, tumor weights and tumor volumes of PDX mice. (n = 7). Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed Student's t-test. **** P < 0.0001.
Fig. 6. LRP01B induces PANC-1 and SW1990 cell apoptosis. (A) Hoechst 33342 staining of PANC-1 and SW1990 cells treated with different concentrations of LRP01B. The abnormal morphology of cell nuclei is indicated with white arrows. Scale bar = 50 μm. (B) PANC-1 and SW1990 cells were treated with different concentrations of LRP01B for 48 h, and cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry via dual staining with Annexin V-FITC and PI. (C) TUNEL staining of PANC-1 and SW1990 cells (red indicates apoptotic cells and blue indicates nuclei). Biological replicates, n = 3. Scale bar = 50 μm. Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed Student's t-test. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01.
Fig. 7. LRP01B causes mitochondrial dysfunction and increases oxidative stress in PDAC cells. (A) PDAC cells were treated with different concentrations of LRP01B for 48 h, and the mitochondria were stained with Mitotracker. Fluorescence images were photographed by a fluorescence microscope. (B, C) PANC-1 and SW1990 cells were treated with different concentrations of LRP01B for 48 h, and mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by a JC-1 fluorescent probe (red indicates JC-1 aggregate and green indicates JC-1 monomer). (D) The intensity of JC-1 fluorescence-positive cells was quantified. (E-I) PDAC cells were treated with 0, 10, 20 and 40 mM LRP01B for 48 h, and the ATP, H2O2, MDA, superoxide levels and total antioxidant capacity were measured by the indicated kits. Biological replicates, n = 3. Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed Student's t-test. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.0005, **** P < 0.0001. Scale bar = 50 μm.
Fig. 8. LRP01B activates the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis signaling pathway by targeting TRAIL in PDAC cells. (A, B) Western blotting analysis of Bax, Bcl-2, and cytochrome c (Cyto C) in mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions was conducted in PANC-1 and SW1990 cells. (C) Caspase 9 and caspase 3/7 activity in PDAC cells treated with LRP01B for 48 h were detected using a colorimetric kit. (D) The binding affinity among LRP01B, TRAIL, TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 was evaluated by TSA. (E) Western blotting analysis of TRAIL, TRAIL-R1, TRAIL-R2, caspase 3, cleaved-caspase 3 and caspase 9 in the administration of LRP01B (10, 20 μM) and TRAIL protein (10 ng/mL). (F) PDAC cells were treated with different concentrations of LRP01B for 48 h, and an immunofluorescence experiment was performed to show the cellular localization of TRAIL and TRAIL-R1. Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed Student's t-test. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.0005, **** P < 0.0001. Scale bar = 25 μm.
Fig. 9. LRP01B promotes mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in vivo. TUNEL and IHC analysis was conducted with PDX-derived tissues. In IHC, representative IHC images demonstrated the expression of Ki-67, cleaved caspase-3, p53, Bax and Bcl-2 in tumor sections. Arrows, IHC-positive PDAC cells. Scale bar = 100 μm.
结论
综上所述,本研究鉴定出一种从Lamiophlomis rotata中提取的新型均质果胶样多糖LRP01B。结构分析表明,LRP01B的主链主要由1,4-连接的α-半乳糖醛酸、1,2-连接的α-半乳糖苷和1,3-连接的α-半乳糖苷组成,侧链上存在阿拉伯糖和木糖。体外和体内生物活性测试表明,LRP01B 以剂量依赖的方式显著抑制了 PDAC 细胞和患者来源异种移植瘤的生长。在机制方面,LRP01B 通过招募 TRAIL 到 TRAIL-R1,从而激活 TRAIL/Caspase 家族介导的凋亡信号通路,诱导 PDAC 细胞的凋亡,并发挥抗胰腺癌的作用。上述数据表明,LRP01B具有开发为安全高效候选药物的潜力,可作为靶向TRAIL的潜在有效分子用于PDAC治疗。
原文链接:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.147227
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