Levocarnitine propionate hydrochloride

The effects on the stress response, postanesthetic sedation, and altered behavior were evaluated following regional anesthesia and dental treatment in 40 dogs. Serum cortisol and blood glucose concentrations were measured following the administration of levobupivacaine (LBUP) 0.5% and dexmedetomidine (DEX) (0.5 µg/kg) or a placebo. The dogs were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 10 dogs each. All dogs received a regional nerve block using LBUP 0.5%. Group 1 (LBUP + DEX IV) also received DEX intravenously (IV); group 2 (LBUP + PLC IV) also received a placebo IV; group 3 (LBUP + DEX IO) also received DEX in one infraorbital (IO) block; and group 4 (LBUP + DEX IA) also received DEX in one inferior alveolar (IA) block. Serum cortisol and blood glucose concentrations were determined before the administration of oral blocks and at the end of the procedure. Sedation and behavior scores were assessed before premedication and hourly for 6 h after the end of anesthesia. Cortisol concentration did not change in any group at either evaluation time. The glucose concentration was higher ( P < .05) only in the LBUP + DEX IA group at the end of the procedure. The sedation score was higher until the end of the observation period only in the LBUP + DEX IV and LBUP + PLC IV groups. No change in behavior score was observed in any of the groups. The reduction of perioperative stress response in all groups was due to the use of LBUP and not DEX.

Objective. To study the properties of materials and select the most suitable one for appropriate device covering annulus fibrosus defect after lumbar discectomy. Material and methods. Prototype devices made of poly(L-)lactide, polycaprolactone (PLC) and copolymers of(L-)lactide and ε-caprolactone (LCL) without prior purification were used. Sponge materials were prepared using 1.4-dioxane without pretreatment. Physical and mechanical tests in compression were performed on Instron 5982 and Instron 5965 machines at a temperature of 37 °C in thermal chamber. Strain ranged from 0 to 80%, displacement rate — 50% of specimen height per a minute. Specimens were cylindrical in shape with a length of 10—15 mm and diameter of 8 mm. All experiments were performed in at least three repetitions. The ram lumbar spine was used as laboratory model. Results. Prototypes #2 made of PLC and LCL copolymers were the most perspective, but require partial or complete intraoperative removal of nucleus pulposus. Conclusion. For all devices, we estimated their physical and mechanical characteristics, namely modulus and compressive strength, and compared these values with mechanics of native annulus fibrosus. A method for implant delivery to annulus fibrosus defect site was proposed for the developed devices, and bench tests of devices were carried out on the lumbar spine of the ram. Polylactide and polycaprolactone prototype devices were the most perspective.