Flucytosine

新生儿败血症抗生素治疗：变化趋势与未来方向 Genevieve PG Fung, Kam Lun E Hon, Alexander KC Leung Genevieve PG Fung1, Kam Lun E Hon1,2, Alexander KC Leung3 1Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, NT, Hong Kong; 2Department of Paediatrics, The CUHK Medical Centre (CUHKMC), NT, Hong Kong; 3Department of Pediatrics, The University of Calgary, The Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada 这份《新生儿脓毒血症抗生素治疗：变革趋势与未来指南——临床深度手册 (2026版)》旨在将 Fung、韩锦伦 (Hon KL) 等教授在 Drugs in Context 发布的最新科研动态，转化为临床医生可随时查阅的“实战蓝图”。韩锦伦教授在新生儿及儿科重症领域具有极高的国际影响力，这篇文章代表了目前亚太地区乃至国际上对新生儿脓毒血症最前沿的审视。 Fungal infections Invasive fungal infections are the third most common cause of LOS in VLBW neonates.⁵⁹,⁸³,⁸⁴ The incidence of invasive fungal infection in the NICU is 0.5–20%⁸⁵⁻⁸⁷ and is inversely correlated to birth weight, with the highest incidence of 5–20% in ELBW infants.⁸⁷ The mortality rate of invasive fungal infection in neonates is 20–40%. Preterm infants are especially vulnerable due to their immature immune system with immature skin and mucosal barriers, along with prolonged use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, which decreases commensal bacteria and allows candida colonization, and disruption of epithelial barriers due to insertion of central venous catheters, endotracheal tubes or urinary catheters. Other risk factors for invasive fungal infections include the use of glucocorticoids, histamine-2 receptor antagonists and intravenous lipid emulsions in total parenteral nutrition.⁸⁷ Common organisms causing invasive disease are Candida albicans, accounting for 60–75% of invasive candidial infections, and Candida parapsilosis (20–30%),⁸⁶,⁸⁷ followed by Candida tropicalis, Candida lusitaniae, Candida glabrata and Candida krusei, which together account for 5–10% of invasive candidial infections. Clinical features of invasive candidiasis can be non-specific. Infants may present with features suggestive of LOS, including apnoea, respiratory distress, haemodynamic instability and lethargy. The likelihood of invasive fungal infection is increased if these features are associated with hyperglycaemia and thrombocytopenia,⁸⁸⁻⁹⁰ and screening for fungal infection should be performed. Candidaemia can spread to involve multiple organ systems haematogenously or via septic emboli, most commonly in the kidneys (5–30%), heart (5–15%), central nervous system (5–64%), eyes (3–50%), bones, joints, skin and lungs⁹¹⁻⁹³. If invasive candidiasis is diagnosed, further investigations are needed to determine the extent of the disease. These include urine and cerebrospinal fluid cultures, echocardiogram to screen for vegetations and atrial thrombi, cranial ultrasound for ventriculitis or cerebral abscess, ultrasound kidneys and abdomen for fungal mass or abscess, and ophthalmological examination for chorioretinitis and endophthalmitis. Identification of the invasive organism is important for guiding antifungal treatment, as the susceptibility profiles of different Candida species may vary. C. albicans is usually sensitive to amphotericin B and fluconazole, C. glabrata and C. krusei are less susceptible to the azole antifungal agents (e.g. fluconazole), C. lusitaniae is generally resistant to amphotericin B, and there is emerging evidence showing that C. auris is often multidrug resistant.⁹⁴,⁹⁵ The occurrence of invasive non-Candida fungal infections in neonates is very rare but can cause significantmorbidity and mortality. These include aspergillosis, zygomycosis, Malassezia infection, trichosporonosis, Pichia sepsis, cryptococcosis, coccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis and dermatophytosis.⁸⁹,⁹³,⁹⁴ Medications used for treatment of invasive fungal infection in the NICU are shown in Table 2. The most widely used first-line treatment is amphotericin B from the polyene class of antifungal agents.⁹²,⁹³,⁹⁵ It exerts its effect by disruption of the integrity of the fungal cell membrane, causing cell death. Despite its efficacy, amphotericin B is associated with side-effects, including nephrotoxicity and infusion-related complications. Lipid-based preparations of amphotericin B, such as liposomal amphotericin B and amphotericin B lipid complex, are associated with a lower risk of toxicity. Another first-line antifungal agent is fluconazole from the azole drug class, which has a broad spectrum of activity and excellent oral bioavailability.⁹³,⁹⁵ Fluconazole is also used for fungal prophylaxis in high-risk neonates (see section later). Second-line antifungals include echinocandins (e.g. caspofungin and micafungin), which are used for invasive fungal infections resistant to amphotericin B and fluconazole. Flucytosine, a nucleoside analogue, is occasionally used in disseminated candidiasis.⁹³,⁹⁵ 关于  新生儿侵袭性真菌感染 (Invasive Fungal Infection, IFI)   的内容 一、中文精准翻译 (Professional Translation) 真菌感染 侵袭性真菌感染是极低出生体重儿（VLBW）晚发型脓毒血症（LOS）的第三大常见原因。NICU 中侵袭性真菌感染的发病率为 0.5%–20%，且与出生体重呈负相关，在超低出生体重儿（ELBW）中发病率最高，达 5%–20%。新生儿侵袭性真菌感染的病死率为 20%–40%。早产儿特别脆弱，原因在于其免疫系统不成熟，皮肤和黏膜屏障发育不全；加之长期使用广谱抗生素减少了共生菌，导致念珠菌定植；以及由于置入中心静脉导管、气管插管或尿管导致的上皮屏障破坏。其他风险因素包括使用糖皮质激素、H2 受体拮抗剂以及全肠外营养中的静脉脂肪乳剂。引起侵袭性疾病的常见病原体为白念珠菌（占侵袭性念珠菌感染的 60%–75%）和光滑念珠菌（20%–30%），其次是热带念珠菌、希木龙念珠菌、光滑念珠菌和库鲁斯念珠菌（合计占 5%–10%）。 侵袭性念珠菌病的临床特征可能不具有特异性。患儿可能表现出提示 LOS 的特征，包括呼吸暂停、呼吸窘迫、血液动力学不稳定和反应低下。如果这些特征伴有高血糖和血小板减少，则侵袭性真菌感染的可能性增加，应进行真菌感染筛查。念珠菌血症可通过血行播散或感染性栓子累及多个器官系统，最常见于肾脏（5%–30%）、心脏（5%–15%）、中枢神经系统（5%–64%）、眼睛（3%–50%）、骨骼、关节、皮肤和肺部。一旦诊断为侵袭性念珠菌病，需要进一步检查以确定疾病范围。这些检查包括：尿液和脑脊液培养；超声心动图（筛查赘生物和心房血栓）；头颅超声（检查脑室炎或脑脓肿）；肾脏及腹部超声（检查真菌球或脓肿）；以及眼科检查（检查脉络膜视网膜炎和眼内炎）。 鉴定侵袭性病原体对指导抗真菌治疗至关重要，因为不同念珠菌属的敏感谱可能不同。白念珠菌通常对两性霉素 B 和氟康唑敏感；光滑念珠菌和库鲁斯念珠菌对唑类药物（如氟康唑）敏感性较低；希木龙念珠菌通常对两性霉素 B 耐药；且有新证据表明耳念珠菌（C. auris）通常具有多重耐药性。 新生儿发生侵袭性非念珠菌真菌感染非常罕见，但可导致严重的病死率。这些包括曲霉菌病、接合菌病、马色拉菌感染等。 用于 NICU 侵袭性真菌感染治疗的药物如表 2 所示。最广泛使用的一线治疗是多烯类抗真菌药物两性霉素 B。尽管疗效确切，但两性霉素 B 伴有副作用，包括肾毒性。两性霉素 B 的脂质制剂毒性风险较低。另一类一线药物是氟康唑，具有广谱活性和极佳的口服生物利用度，也用于高危新生儿的预防。二线药物包括棘白菌素类（如卡泊芬净、米卡芬净）。 二、核心术语对照表 (Core Terminology) 英文术语 中文标准译名 临床笔记 Invasive Fungal Infection (IFI) 侵袭性真菌感染 具有高致死率的 NICU 临床挑战，多见于极低出生体重儿、长期使用广谱抗生素或免疫低下患儿，病情隐匿、进展快 Commensal bacteria 共生菌 人体正常定植的有益菌群，广谱抗生素长期使用会破坏其菌群平衡，降低机体抵抗力，增加侵袭性真菌感染的发病风险 Candida albicans 白念珠菌 侵袭性真菌感染最常见的致病真菌，易定植于黏膜、导管表面，可引发真菌血症、脏器感染 Hyperglycaemia 高血糖 真菌感染的重要临床预警信号，新生儿出现不明原因高血糖时，需警惕侵袭性真菌感染可能，及时完善相关检查 Thrombocytopenia 血小板减少 脓毒血症、侵袭性真菌感染的常见实验室表现，多为真菌毒素或炎症反应导致血小板破坏增加，可作为病情评估的辅助指标 Septic emboli 感染性栓子 真菌或细菌形成的栓子，可随血液循环扩散至全身脏器（如肺、脑、肾），导致播散性损害，加重病情 Amphotericin B 两性霉素 B 治疗侵袭性真菌感染的一线药物，抗菌谱广、疗效明确，但需重点关注其肾毒性，用药期间需监测肾功能 Echinocandins 棘白菌素类 抗真菌药物，如米卡芬净、卡泊芬净，抗菌效果强，肾毒性较两性霉素 B 低，常作为二线药物或耐药菌株的首选治疗 三、专业分析总结 (Clinical Analysis) 1. 风险因素的“叠加效应” 新生儿真菌感染并非偶然，而是多因素交织的结果。 物理屏障破坏：极早产儿的皮肤薄如蝉翼，加上 CVC/气管插管，为真菌入血打开了“城门”。 药物诱导：长期使用广谱抗生素（清除对手）和 H2 受体拮抗剂（改变胃肠酸碱度）为念珠菌定植创造了“温床”。 2. 预警信号：高血糖 + 血小板减少 这是本文极具临床实战价值的提醒。 临床逻辑：当一名 ELBW 儿在抗生素治疗过程中，突然出现无法解释的高血糖和进行性下降的血小板，即使血培养未出，也应高度怀疑侵袭性真菌感染并启动筛查。 3. 诊断后的“全系统排查束（Screening Bundle）” 文中强调，真菌血症一旦确诊，必须进行“地毯式”排查，因为念珠菌极易随血流“安家”： 核心排查清单： 眼睛：视网膜炎（可能致盲）。 心脏：心内膜赘生物（可能导致栓塞）。 肾脏：“真菌球”导致的梗阻。 大脑：脑脓肿。 4. 耐药性驱动的个体化用药 (Targeted Therapy) 不同菌株对药物的反应截然不同，临床不可“一刀切”： 菌株名称 治疗敏感性特点 临床对策 白念珠菌 对两性霉素 B 和氟康唑大多敏感，耐药率较低 治疗相对常规，可首选氟康唑（轻中度感染）或两性霉素 B（中重度感染），结合患儿胎龄、体重调整剂量，动态监测治疗效果 光滑 / 库鲁斯念珠菌 对氟康唑敏感性差，存在明显耐药倾向，部分菌株对氟康唑完全耐药 避免单独使用氟康唑，优先考虑两性霉素 B 或棘白菌素类药物（如米卡芬净），用药前尽量完善药敏试验，确保用药有效性 希木龙念珠菌 对两性霉素 B 天然耐药，对部分唑类药物也可能存在耐药 必须避开多烯类药物（如两性霉素 B），优先选用棘白菌素类药物，必要时联合其他敏感抗真菌药，严格遵循药敏结果用药 耳念珠菌 (C. auris) 多重耐药，对氟康唑、两性霉素 B 及部分棘白菌素类药物均可能耐药，耐药谱复杂 需根据药敏试验结果进行极严谨的个体化治疗，选择敏感药物，同时加强感染控制（如隔离、无菌操作），避免交叉感染 专家深度点评： “真菌感染是 NICU 医师的‘噩梦’，病死率高达 40%。它的隐蔽性在于早期症状与一般 LOS 无异，但其破坏力在于‘全方位播散’。文中提到的高血糖和血小板减少是极佳的雷达信号。记住：一旦确诊，必须‘查全家’（眼、心、肾、脑超声），且在药敏未出前，选药要避开菌株可能的天然耐药点。” Fungal prophylaxis in the NICU Numerous studies have demonstrated that the use of fluconazole prophylaxis is effective for the prevention of invasive candidiasis in NICUs with a high incidence of invasive candida disease.⁸⁸,⁹⁶ A Cochrane review on 15 eligible trials (n=1690 patients) found a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of invasive fungal infection in neonates receiving fungal prophylaxis compared to placebo or no drug (risk difference (RD) −0.09, 95% CI −0.12 to −0.06) but no difference in the risk of death prior to hospital discharge.⁹⁷ However, the incidence of invasive fungal infection was very high in the control groups of many of the included trials, and there were no results on long-term outcomes. Another meta-analysis in 2023 on eight eligible randomized controlled trials and 1635 participants showed that fluconazole prophylaxis decreased the risk of invasive candidiasis, with a relative risk (RR) of 0.37 (95% CI 0.21–0.65), as well as the risk of fungal colonization (RR 0.32, 95% CI 0.24–0.41) and in-hospital mortality (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.61–0.91).⁹⁸ Enteral or orally administered nystatin has been shown to be effective in reducing invasive candidiasis in preterm infants⁹⁷⁻¹⁰¹ but there was a paucity of data in infants <750 g. The majority of studies have demonstrated the safety of fluconazole prophylaxis and the lack of emergence of resistance. The Infectious Diseases Society of America guideline published in 2016 recommends the use of intravenous or oral fluconazole prophylaxis at a dose of 3–6mg/kg twice weekly for 6weeks in infants with birth weight <1000g who are admitted to NICUs with high rates (>10%) of invasive candidiasis.¹⁰² Oral nystatin, 100,000 units three times daily for 6weeks, is an alternative to fluconazole in neonates with birth weights <1500g in situations in which availability or resistance preclude the use of fluconazole.¹⁰¹ A recent review has recommended that, even in NICUs with low rates of invasive candidiasis, fluconazole prophylaxis can also be considered in high-risk ELBW infants with central venous catheters and receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics.¹⁰³ 综述中关于 NICU 真菌预防策略 (Fungal Prophylaxis)  的内容 一、中文精准翻译(Professional Translation) NICU 中的真菌预防 大量研究表明，在侵袭性念珠菌病发病率较高的NICU 中，使用氟康唑预防方案能有效预防侵袭性念珠菌病。一项纳入 15 项符合条件的试验（共 1690 名患者）的 Cochrane 系统评价发现，与安慰剂或不给药组相比，接受真菌预防的患儿侵袭性真菌感染的发病率显著下降（风险差异 RD -0.09，95% CI -0.12 至 -0.06），但在出院前死亡风险方面没有差异。然而，在许多纳入的试验中，对照组的侵袭性真菌感染发病率非常高，且缺乏长期预后的结果。2023 年另一项针对 8 项随机对照试验（1635 名参与者）的荟萃分析显示，氟康唑预防不仅降低了侵袭性念珠菌病的风险（相对风险 RR 0.37，95% CI 0.21–0.65），还降低了真菌定植风险（RR 0.32，95% CI 0.24–0.41）以及住院死亡率（RR 0.75，95% CI 0.61–0.91）。 经肠道或口服给予制霉菌素已被证明能有效减少早产儿的侵袭性念珠菌病，但针对体重<750g 婴儿的数据较少。大多数研究证明了氟康唑预防的安全性，且未发现耐药菌株的出现。 2016 年发布的美国感染性疾病学会（IDSA）指南建议，在侵袭性念珠菌病发病率较高（>10%）的 NICU 中，对出生体重 <1000g 的患儿使用静脉或口服氟康唑预防，剂量为 3–6 mg/kg，每周两次，持续 6 周。对于出生体重 <1500g 的新生儿，在无法获得氟康唑或存在耐药情况时，可选择口服制霉菌素（100,000 单位，每日三次，持续 6 周）作为替代方案。近期的一项综述建议，即使在真菌感染率较低的 NICU 中，对于留置中心静脉导管且接受广谱抗生素治疗的高风险超低出生体重儿（ELBW），也可以考虑使用氟康唑预防。 二、核心术语对照表(Core Terminology) 英文术语 中文标准译名 临床笔记 Fungal prophylaxis 真菌预防 旨在预防侵袭性感染，而非治疗 Fluconazole 氟康唑 预防的首选一线药物 Nystatin 制霉菌素 备选药物，主要减少肠道定植 Invasive candidiasis 侵袭性念珠菌病 诊断金标准为血/ 无菌体液培养阳性 Risk Difference (RD) 风险差异 统计学指标，反映预防的获益程度 Fungal colonization 真菌定植 侵袭性感染的前奏 IDSA 美国感染性疾病学会 指南权威来源 Twice weekly 每周两次 氟康唑预防的典型频率，减少副作用 三、专业分析总结(Clinical Analysis) 1. 循证医学证据的“再升级” 文中对比了两项重要的汇总研究，揭示了预防策略在临床价值上的认识演变： 早期的Cochrane 评价：确认能降低发病率，但未发现能降低死亡率。这曾导致一些中心对“常规预防”持观望态度。 2023 年最新荟萃分析：明确指出预防不仅降低了发病率，还显著降低了住院死亡率 (RR 0.75)。这一证据的更新直接增强了临床医生对高危儿实施预防的信心。 2. 预防指征的“门槛制”与“个体化” 文中提到了两个决策维度： 科室维度（10% 门槛）：如果科室 IFI 发病率 >10%，则建议对所有 <1000g 的患儿进行常规预防。 个体风险维度（突破门槛）：这是本文的亮点。即便在发病率低于10% 的科室，如果患儿同时具备 “ELBW + 中心静脉导管 + 广谱抗生素” 三大高危因素，也应启动预防。 3. 预防方案对比表 (Practical Guide) 药物名称 目标人群 推荐用法 临床特点 氟康唑 BW <1000 g (ELBW 婴儿) 3–6 mg/kg，每周 2 次 一线首选；安全性高；有静脉/ 口服两种给药途径。 制霉菌素 BW <1500 g (VLBW 婴儿) 10 万 U，每日 3 次 (TID) 仅肠道局部作用，几乎不吸收；适用于氟康唑耐药或无法获取时。 4. 临床思维导图：真菌预防的决策路径 思维导图关键说明 分层预防逻辑 高发病率科室（>10%）：对所有出生体重 < 1000g 的 ELBW 婴儿直接启动常规预防。 低发病率科室：仅对同时具备ELBW、留置 CVC、广谱抗生素三大高危因素的婴儿考虑预防。 药物选择与替代 一线：氟康唑3–6 mg/kg，每周 2 次，共 6 周，静脉 / 口服均可。 备选：制霉菌素10 万 U，每日 3 次，共 6 周，仅适用于 BW<1500g 且氟康唑受限的情况。 监测重点 肝功能：氟康唑潜在肝毒性。 真菌定植与耐药：避免诱导耐药念珠菌（如光滑念珠菌、克柔念珠菌）。 专家深度点评： “真菌预防是 NICU ‘以守代攻’ 的典型策略。文中特别强调了 2023 年的新证据——预防能切实降低死亡率。对于临床医生来说，最核心的转变是：不要死守‘10%’这个数字。对于那些集各种高危因素于一身的超早产儿，早期的氟康唑‘保护伞’是降低其死亡和神经发育障碍风险的关键举措。同时，每周两次（BIW） 的给药频率极大地降低了药物毒性和耐药压力，是目前公认的科学策略。” Antibiotic stewardship in the NICU Antibiotics are essential in managing neonatal sepsis and are amongst the most frequently prescribed medications in NICUs.¹⁰⁴⁻¹⁰⁶ As neonatal sepsis can be life-threatening, empirical broad-spectrum antibiotics are often initiated early. However, practices on de-escalation and treatment duration vary widely, with many NICUs lacking standardized guidelines. Schulman et al. reported a 40-fold variation in prescribing across 50,000 patients in 127 California NICUs.¹⁰⁵⁻¹⁰⁸ A multicentre study of four tertiary NICUs found 28% of courses and 24% of antibiotic days non-adherent to CDC criteria, with 32% of vancomycin and 43% of carbapenem days deemed inappropriate.¹⁰⁷⁻¹⁰⁹ A study in Canada between 2020 and 2023 revealed that inappropriate prescriptions occurred in 11.4–26.3% of cases. Inappropriate antibiotic use is associated with adverse outcomes in neonates. Prolonged therapy in preterm neonates is associated with increased risk of abnormal neuroimaging, high-grade retinopathy ofmedications in NICUs.¹⁰⁴⁻¹⁰⁶ As neonatal sepsis can be life-threatening, empirical broad-spectrum antibiotics are often initiated early. However, practices on de-escalation and treatment duration vary widely, with many NICUs lacking standardized guidelines. Schulman et al. reported a 40-fold variation in prescribing across 50,000 patients in 127 California NICUs.¹⁰⁵⁻¹⁰⁸ A multicentre study of four tertiary NICUs found 28% of courses and 24% of antibiotic days non-adherent to CDC criteria, with 32% of vancomycin and 43% of carbapenem days deemed inappropriate.¹⁰⁷⁻¹⁰⁹ A study in Canada between 2020 and 2023 revealed that inappropriate prescriptions occurred in 11.4–26.3% of cases. Inappropriate antibiotic use is associated with adverse outcomes in neonates. Prolonged therapy in preterm neonates is associated with increased risk of abnormal neuroimaging, high-grade retinopathy of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, mortality and neurodevelopmental delay.¹¹⁰⁻¹¹³ Excessive broad-spectrum use also drives resistance, including cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacter cloacae, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus.¹¹⁴⁻¹¹⁵ Over the past decade, the growing recognition of the adverse consequences of antibiotic overuse in the NICU has led to global efforts to strengthen antimicrobial stewardship. Antibiotic stewardship programmes have emphasized multidisciplinary collaboration between neonatologists, infectious disease specialists, microbiologists, pharmacists and nursing staff to design and implement protocols best suited for local epidemiology and resistance patterns.¹¹⁶,¹¹⁷ Core methods of antibiotic stewardship include the implementation of evidence-based guidelines, standardized empirical antibiotic regimens and prospective audits with feedback. Diagnostic methods like the sepsis risk calculators, rapid molecular assays and biomarkers will enable reliable assessment of infection risk and earlier pathogen identification.⁴¹,⁴²,¹¹⁸⁻¹²⁰ Therapeutic drug monitoring for antibiotics like aminoglycosides and vancomycin will ensure drug efficacy whilst minimizing toxicity.¹²¹ Moreover, implementation of central venous catheter care bundles, which incorporate strict hand hygiene, environmental decontamination, and standardized line maintenance protocols, has been associated with significant reductions in baseline sepsis rates.¹²² Quality improvement methods for antibiotic stewardship include Plan–Do–Study–Act cycles to iteratively refine protocols, mandatory documentation of antibiotic end dates to prevent prolonged courses, prospective audit and feedback to guide prescribers, continuous education sessions to reinforce best practices, and transparent reporting of prescribing trends to sustain culture change.¹²⁰,¹²³⁻¹²⁶ Outcomes from quality improvement initiatives have demonstrated significant reductions in antibiotic utilization rates without compromising patient safety. For example, in a large Chinese NICU, total antibiotic consumption fell from 791.1 to 466.3 days of therapy per 1000 patient-days, with discontinuation within 72 hours achieved in 47.5% of rule-out sepsis cases compared to 11.6% at baseline; importantly, the prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria declined from 67.2% to 48.9% following stewardship interventions.¹²³ Similar improvements have been reported in other studies. Paul et al. reported a Plan–Do–Study–Act cycle approach for antibiotic stewardship in a Level 4 NICU, which resulted in a reduction in overall antibiotic utilization from 343 to 270 days of therapy per 1000 patient-days and decreased vancomycin use from 42% to 12% of infants treated empirically, without adverse effects.¹²⁰ Juliano et al. implemented targeted antibiotic stewardship for culture-negative sepsis, which led to a decrease in median treatment duration from 7 to 5 days and a reduction of unnecessary antibiotic exposure by 27%.¹²⁴ These studies illustrate that antibiotic stewardship not only decreases unnecessary exposure to broad-spectrum agents but also contributes to preventing the emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms in NICUs. Antibiotic stewardship in NICUs is evolving towards greater precision and integration with new technologies. Future strategies include the use of rapid point-of-care diagnostics and machine learning algorithms to refine risk prediction and guide individualized therapy. Unification of stewardship practices and benchmarking across hospitals can be achieved by multicentre collaborations. There is increasing use of electronic prescribing systems with built-in stop dates, together with real-time surveillance dashboards to track resistance trends.¹²⁵ Long-term follow-up studies are needed to evaluate the impact of stewardship on microbiome development and neurodevelopmental outcomes and to guide the directions for future research. 这篇综述中最具践行价值的核心章节：NICU 中的抗生素管理程序 (Antibiotic Stewardship, ASP)。 这一部分通过详尽的全球数据和质量改进（QI）案例，阐明了为什么“少即是多”是现代新生儿感染管理的最高准则。 一、中文精准翻译(Professional Translation) NICU 中的抗生素管理 抗生素是治疗新生儿脓毒血症的核心，也是NICU 中处方量最大的药物之一。由于脓毒血症危及生命，临床通常早期启动经验性广谱抗生素治疗。然而，在降阶梯治疗和疗程控制方面的实践差异巨大，许多 NICU 缺乏标准化的指南。研究显示，加州 127 家 NICU 在 5 万名患者中的用药习惯存在 40 倍的差异。一项针对四家三级 NICU 的多中心研究发现，28% 的疗程和 24% 的用药天数不符合 CDC 标准，其中万古霉素 32% 和碳青霉烯类 43% 的用药天数被视为不当。 抗生素使用不当与新生儿的不良预后密切相关。早产儿疗程过长会增加神经影像学异常、重度早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）、支气管肺发育不良（BPD）、死亡和神经发育迟缓的风险。此外，过度使用广谱药物还会诱导耐药，包括耐头孢菌素的产气肠杆菌、耐碳青霉烯肠杆菌科细菌（CRE）和耐万古霉素肠球菌（VRE）。 过去十年，ASP 强调通过新生儿科医生、感染科医生、微生物学家、药剂师和护理人员的多学科协作，制定适合当地流行病学和耐药模式的方案。其核心方法包括：实施循证指南、标准化经验方案以及前瞻性审计与反馈。败血症风险计算器、快速分子检测和生物标志物等诊断手段可实现早期的病原鉴定。对氨基糖苷类和万古霉素进行治疗药物监测（TDM）可确保疗效并降低毒性。此外，实施包含严格手卫生和标准化维护的中心静脉导管集束化护理（CVC bundles）可显著降低基础发病率。 质量改进（QI）方法包括 PDSA 循环、强制记录停药日期、持续教育以及用药趋势的透明化报告。研究结果显示，这些干预在不影响安全的前提下显著降低了抗生素使用率。例如，中国一家大型 NICU 在实施管理后，总抗生素消耗量从 791.1 降至 466.3 DOT/1000 PD，多重耐药菌（MDR）流行率从 67.2% 降至 48.9%。在其他研究中，针对培养阴性脓毒血症的针对性管理使中位疗程从 7 天缩短至 5 天，减少了 27% 的不必要暴露。 NICU 的 ASP 正在向更精准和技术集成的方向发展。未来的策略包括使用快速床旁诊断（POCT）和机器学习算法来优化风险预测，并利用带有内置停药日期的电子处方系统和实时监测仪表盘来跟踪耐药趋势。 二、核心术语对照表(Core Terminology) 英文术语 中文标准译名 临床笔记 Days of therapy (DOT) 治疗天数 衡量抗生素消耗量的核心指标 1000 patient-days 1000 住院床日 统计抗生素使用强度的标准分母 De-escalation 降阶梯治疗 从广谱/ 强力抗生素切换为窄谱 / 针对性药物的治疗策略 Prospective audit and feedback 前瞻性审计与反馈 抗生素管理程序（ASP）的核心执行机制 PDSA cycle PDSA 循环 计划- 执行 - 检查 - 处理，临床质量改进的核心工具 Culture-negative sepsis 培养阴性脓毒血症 抗生素管理的最难点，易导致经验性抗生素过度使用 Non-adherent 不合规/ 不依从 未遵循指南或既定标准的抗生素处方行为 Machine learning algorithms 机器学习算法 未来NICU 精准管理趋势，用于预测感染风险、指导个体化治疗 三、专业分析总结(Clinical Analysis) 1. 揭秘“过度医疗”的代价：不只是耐药 器官发育损伤：文中罕见地将抗生素暴露与BPD（支气管肺发育不良） 和 ROP（视网膜病变） 关联起来。这提示我们：抗生素的毒性不只是肾毒性，还包括通过炎症反应和微生态干扰影响早产儿脆弱的器官发育。 神经发育负担：长期用药导致的神经影像学异常和远期发育迟缓（NDD），使得“为了保险多用两天药”的代价变得极其沉重。 2. 质量改进（QI）的“组合拳”策略 文章提炼了ASP 成功的关键在于制度化（Standardization）： 强制停药日(Mandatory stop dates)：通过系统硬性约束代替医生的“心理纠结”。 透明化报告(Transparent reporting)：通过科室间、医生间的数据公示，利用社交压力促进行为改变。 多学科团队(Multidisciplinary collaboration)：药剂师在 TDM 监测和微生物学家在快速报告上的支持，是临床医生敢于停药的底气。 3. 核心数据解析：ASP 的实战战果 我们可以通过文中引用的中国案例看干预效果： 指标 干预前 干预后 变化 总消耗量(DOT/1000 PD) 791.1 466.3 下降约41% MDR 流行率 67.2% 48.9% 下降约18% 72h 内停药率 (排除败血症) 11.6% 47.5% 提高约4 倍 4. 未来展望：从“经验”到“算法” [Image: Future of NICU Sepsis Management: AI + POCT] AI 介入：未来的败血症计算器将集成机器学习，实时抓取监护仪数据预测风险。 电子化闭环：电子处方系统将不仅是开药工具，更是实时监控耐药趋势的仪表盘（Dashboard）。 专家深度点评： “这一章节是整篇综述的灵魂。它向我们证明了：抗生素管理不是为了省钱，而是为了保命和保护发育。 临床主任应关注那‘40倍的差异’，通过 PDSA 循环将‘36-48小时法则’和‘强制停药制度’融入日常查房。当我们将抗生素消耗量降低 40% 的时候，我们带给孩子的不仅仅是更健康的肠道，更是更光明的神经发育前景。” Conclusion Effective management of neonatal sepsis in the NICU depends on timely diagnosis, appropriate antimicrobial selection and vigilant antibiotic stewardship. Empirical therapy for EOS and LOS should be started immediately after obtaining cultures and then adjusted according to culture results and antimicrobial resistance profiles. Clinicians should maintain a high level of suspicion for fungal infections in high-risk neonates and proactive prophylaxis may be considered. In addition to antimicrobial therapy, NICU care bundles and quality improvement programmes are very important for prevention of device-associated infections such as VAP and CRBSI. Antibiotic stewardship programmes can decrease antibiotic resistance and minimize the side-effects of prolonged broad-spectrum antibiotic use in neonates. By integrating evidence-based protocols with individualized care, we can improve neonatal outcomes whilst safeguarding the efficacy of existing antimicrobials. A multidisciplinary approach of balancing aggressive treatment with judicious antibiotic use is essential for combating neonatal sepsis. 这部分 “结论 (Conclusion)” 不仅是对全文的总结，更是对未来NICU 临床实践的行动指南。它强调了在“积极救治”与“保护微生态”之间寻求微妙平衡的艺术。 一、中文精准翻译(Professional Translation) 结论 NICU 新生儿脓毒血症的有效管理依赖于及时的诊断、恰当的抗微生物药物选择以及严谨的抗生素管理。对于早发型（EOS）和晚发型（LOS）脓毒血症，应在获取培养样本后立即启动经验性治疗，随后根据培养结果和抗菌药物药敏谱进行调整。临床医生应对高危新生儿的真菌感染保持高度警惕，并可考虑采取积极的预防措施。除抗感染药物治疗外，NICU 集束化护理（Care bundles）和质量改进项目对于预防呼吸机相关性肺炎（VAP）和导管相关性血流感染（CRBSI）等器械相关性感染至关重要。 抗生素管理程序（ASP）能够降低细菌耐药性，并最大限度地减少长期使用广谱抗生素对新生儿产生的副作用。通过将循证方案与个体化护理相结合，我们可以在改善新生儿预后的同时，保护现有抗微生物药物的疗效。采取多学科协作的方法，在积极治疗与审慎用药之间寻找平衡，是抗击新生儿脓毒血症的关键。 二、核心术语对照表(Core Terminology) 英文术语 中文标准译名 临床笔记 Vigilant stewardship 严谨/ 警惕的抗生素管理 强调管理并非被动执行，而是主动干预、持续监测的临床行为 Antimicrobial resistance profiles 抗菌药物药敏谱 依据培养结果制定的耐药特征报告，是抗生素降阶梯/ 调整方案的核心科学依据 Proactive prophylaxis 积极预防 特指针对ELBW 等高危新生儿的真菌预防策略，以降低侵袭性念珠菌病风险 Device-associated infections 器械相关性感染 包含呼吸机相关性肺炎（VAP）、导管相关血流感染（CRBSI）、导尿管相关尿路感染（CAUTI）等的总称 Evidence-based protocols 循证方案 基于指南与研究证据制定的临床路径，避免单纯经验主义用药 Safeguarding the efficacy 保护抗菌药物疗效 通过合理用药延缓耐药菌产生，防止抗生素过早进入“无药可用” 的困境 Judicious antibiotic use 审慎使用抗生素 核心为“精准、必要、适量” 的用药哲学，平衡抗感染疗效与长期耐药风险 三、专业分析总结(Clinical Analysis) 1. 临床管理的“金三角”模型 结论部分实际上为我们勾勒了一个稳定高效的管理模型： 2. “平衡”的艺术：Aggressive vs. Judicious 结论中提到了两个看似矛盾的词：Aggressive（积极/激进） 与 Judicious（审慎/明智）。 何时Aggressive？ 在诊断初期和高度怀疑感染时，必须“重拳出击”，立即给予广谱药物，绝不能拖延。 何时Judicious？ 在培养结果出来后（48小时后），必须“慎之又慎”，能停药的坚决停，能窄谱的绝不用广谱。 核心逻辑：这就是ASP 的精髓——快启动、准打击、早撤退。 3. 从“药”到“管”的思维跃迁 文章最后强调，预防VAP 和 CRBSI 的关键不是抗生素，而是 Care Bundles（集束化护理） 和 Quality Improvement（质量改进）。 这提示我们：如果一个科室的VAP 率居高不下，加用再强的抗生素也是治标不治本，真正的解决方案在手卫生、导管维护和及时拔管等管理流程中。 专家终极点评： “这篇综述的结论向所有 NICU 医生传递了一个明确的信号：抗生素是一把双刃剑。 我们用它来挽救生命，但如果使用不当，它也会摧毁孩子的肠道、大脑和我们的未来。2026 年的共识是，我们要利用最新的计算器、分子诊断和多学科智慧，实现 ‘治疗的极致化’与‘暴露的最小化’ 。这不仅是医学挑战，更是我们对每一条微小生命的终极承诺。” Contributions GPGF is the principal author. AKCL and KLEH are co-authors who contributed and helped with the drafting of this manuscript. All named authors meet the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) criteria for authorship for this article, take responsibility for the integrity of the work as a whole, and have given their approval for this version to be published. The authors decline the use of artificial intelligence, language models, machine learning, or similar technologies to create content or assist with writing or editing of the manuscript. Disclosure and potential conflicts of interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest relevant to this manuscript. AKCL and KLEH are associate editors of Drugs in Context. The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) Potential Conflicts of Interests form for the authors is available for download at: https://www.drugsincontext.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/dic.2025-5-4-COI.pdf Acknowledgements None. Funding declaration There was no funding associated with the preparation of this article. Copyright Copyright © 2026 Fung GPG, Hon KLE, Leung AKC. Published by Drugs in Context under Creative Commons License Deed CC BY NC ND 4.0, which allows anyone to copy, distribute, and transmit the article provided it is properly attributed in the manner specified below. No commercial use without permission. ### Correct attribution Copyright © 2026 Fung GPG, Hon KLE, Leung AKC. https://doi.org/10.7573/dic.2025-5-4. Published by Drugs in Context under Creative Commons License Deed CC BY NC ND 4.0. Article URL https://www.drugsincontext.com/antibiotic-treatment-for-neonatal-sepsis-changing-trends-and-future-directions Correspondence Kam Lun Hon, Department of Paediatrics, CUHK Medical Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR. Email: ehon@cuhkedu.hk Provenance Submitted; externally peer reviewed. Submitted 20 May 2025;  Accepted : 12 December 2025;  Published : 12 February 2026. Drugs in Context is published by BioExcel Publishing Ltd. Registered office: 6 Green Lane Business Park, 238 Green Lane, New Eltham, London, SE9 3TL, UK. BioExcel Publishing Limited is registered in England Number 10038393. VAT GB 252 7720 07. For all manuscript and submissions enquiries, contact the Editorial office editorial@drugsincontext.com For all permissions, rights, and reprints, contact David Hughes david.hughes@bioexcelpublishing.com 这是该学术论文结尾部分的中文精准翻译。这一部分虽然不涉及临床数据，但在学术严谨性、版权规范以及作者诚信声明方面至关重要。 作者贡献(Contributions) GPGF 是第一作者。AKCL 和 KLEH 是共同作者，参与了本稿件的起草。所有署名作者均符合国际医学期刊编辑委员会（ICMJE）关于本文作者身份的标准，对研究工作的整体完整性负责，并已批准本版本的发表。作者声明，拒绝使用人工智能、语言模型、机器学习或类似技术来创作内容或协助本稿件的撰写或编辑。 披露与潜在利益冲突(Disclosure and potential conflicts of interest) 作者声明，不存在与本稿件相关的利益冲突。AKCL 和 KLEH 是 Drugs in Context 杂志的副主编。作者提交给国际医学期刊编辑委员会（ICMJE）的“潜在利益冲突表格”可在以下网址下载：点击此处 致谢(Acknowledgements) 无。 资金声明(Funding declaration) 本文的准备工作未涉及任何相关资金支持。 版权(Copyright) 版权所有© 2026 Fung GPG, Hon KLE, Leung AKC。由 Drugs in Context 根据知识共享许可协议（Creative Commons License Deed CC BY NC ND 4.0）发布。该协议允许任何人在按照下述要求正确标注出处的前提下，对本文进行复制、传播和传输。未经许可不得用于商业用途。 正确引用标注(Correct attribution) 版权所有© 2026 Fung GPG, Hon KLE, Leung AKC。https://doi.org/10.7573/dic.2025-5-4。由 Drugs in Context 根据知识共享许可协议 CC BY NC ND 4.0 发布。 文章网址(Article URL) https://www.drugsincontext.com/antibiotic-treatment-for-neonatal-sepsis-changing-trends-and-future-directions 通讯作者(Correspondence) 韩锦伦(Kam Lun Hon)，香港特别行政区，新界沙田，香港中文大学，中大医院儿科。邮箱：ehon@cuhkedu.hk 稿件来源(Provenance) 投稿；经过外部同行评审。 关键日期(Submission Timeline) 投稿日期：2025年5月20日 接受日期：2025年12月12日 发表日期：2026年2月12日 出版信息(Publisher Info) Drugs in Context 由 BioExcel Publishing Ltd 出版。 注册地址：6 Green Lane Business Park, 238 Green Lane, New Eltham, London, SE9 3TL, UK. 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Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue 1 临床传染病学 82卷1期 https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/ ID Art Through the Ages（穿越时代的传染病学技艺） 1 Peasants' Revolt, 1381 1381年农民起义 Mary Grizzard and Michael Grizzard Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Page i, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf692 In the Literature（文献概览） 2 In the Literature 文献概览 Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages ii–iii, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf631 State-of-the-Art Review（最新技术综述） 3 State-of-the-Art Review: Diagnosis and Management of Acute and Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis 最新技术综述：急性和慢性细菌性前列腺炎的诊断与治疗 Prathit A Kulkarni and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf483 Clinical Dilemmas in Infectious Diseases（传染病临床难题） 4 “Insisting on Treatment” “坚持治疗” Kevin Andrew Smith and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 14–18, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf282 Voices of ID（传染病之声） 5 Martin Arrowsmith and Me 马丁·阿罗史密斯与我 Janet R Gilsdorf Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 19–20, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf277 Invited Commentary（特邀述评） 6 The 2025 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Nonoccupational HIV Postexposure Prophylaxis Guidelines: Updated Regimens and Remaining Questions 2025年美国疾病控制与预防中心非职业性艾滋病毒暴露后预防指南：更新方案及遗留问题 Lao-Tzu Allan-Blitz and Kenneth H Mayer Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 21–24, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf567 Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship（抗菌药物耐药性与管控） 7 Modeling the Impact and Cost of a Culture-Dependent Molecular Test for Antimicrobial Resistance in Resource-Limited Settings 资源有限环境下，基于培养的分子检测法对抗菌药物耐药性的影响和成本建模 Joshua M Chevalier and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 25–32, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf236 8 The Xpert MTB/RIF Cycle Threshold Value Predicts Mycobacterium tuberculosis Transmission to Close Contacts in a Brazilian Prospective Multicenter Cohort 巴西一项前瞻性多中心队列研究中Xpert MTB/RIF循环阈值可预测结核分枝杆菌在密切接触者中的传播 Leandro S Garcia and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 33–41, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad794 9 Beyond Diagnosis: Xpert Cycle Threshold Values as Predictors of Tuberculosis Transmission 超越诊断：Xpert循环阈值作为结核病传播的预测指标 Lauren Linde and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 42–43, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad791 10 First Report of Treatment-Emergent Resistance to Cefepime-Zidebactam in Pseudomonas aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌在头孢吡肟-齐德巴坦治疗中出现耐药性的首例报告 Ava J Dorazio and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 44–48, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf638 Clinical Practice and Policy（临床实践与政策） 11 Sputum and Tongue Swab Molecular Testing for the In-Home Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Unselected Household Contacts: A Cost and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis 痰液和舌拭子分子检测用于未筛选家庭接触者结核病居家诊断的成本及成本效益分析 Charl Bezuidenhout and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 49–57, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf389 12 You’ve Got a Friend in Me: Curbside Questions Infectious Diseases Clinicians Ask Infectious Diseases Pharmacists 我是你的朋友：传染病临床医生向传染病药剂师咨询的即兴问题 Matthew R Davis and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 58–61, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf250 13 Home Testing for Contagious Illness: Historical Context and Modern Caveats 传染性疾病居家检测：历史背景与现代注意事项 Abigail Zuger Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 62–66, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf623 Fungal Infections（真菌感染） 14 Evaluating the Use of Lower Dose Flucytosine for the Treatment of Cryptococcal Meningitis: A Clinical Trial 评估低剂量氟胞嘧啶治疗隐球菌性脑膜炎的临床试验 Morris K Rutakingirwa and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 67–74, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf432 15 Association Between Duration of Candidemia and Clinical and Healthcare Resource Utilization Outcomes Among Hospitalized Adult Patients With Candidemia Who Received Empiric Treatment With an Echinocandin Across United States Hospitals 美国各医院中接受棘白菌素经验性治疗的念珠菌血症成年住院患者中，念珠菌血症持续时间与临床和医疗资源利用结局之间的关联 Thomas P Lodise and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 75–85, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf472 16 Aspergillosis-Attributable Mortality in the United States: Analysis of Death Certificate Data 美国隐球菌病导致的死亡率分析：基于死亡证明数据 Thomas J Walsh and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 86–92, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf653 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 17 Outcomes of Critical Illness in People With Advanced HIV Disease: 30 Years of Binational Data 晚期艾滋病患者危重症结局：30年的双国数据 Bryan Tan and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 93–99, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf362 18 Phase 2 Trial of Long-Acting Cabotegravir and VRC07-523LS for Viral Suppression in Adults With HIV-1: ACTG A5357 长效卡博特韦和VRC07-523LS用于HIV-1感染成人病毒抑制的2期试验：ACTG A5357 Babafemi O Taiwo and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 100–108, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf375 19 Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Long-Acting Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine in a National Cohort of People With HIV-1: First Results From the ANRS-MIE CARLAPOP Study 全国HIV-1感染者队列中长效卡博特韦和利匹韦林的治疗药物监测：ANRS-MIE CARLAPOP研究的首批结果 Nadège Néant and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 109–118, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf385 20 Is Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Long-Acting Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine of Clinical Utility? 长效卡博特韦和利匹韦林的治疗药物监测是否具有临床实用性？ Catia Marzolini Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 119–121, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf386 21 Efficacy and Safety of Dual Therapy With Dolutegravir/Lamivudine in Treatment-naive Persons With CD4 Counts <200/mm3: 48-Week Results of the DOLCE Study 多替拉韦/拉米夫定双药治疗在CD4计数<200/mm³的初治患者中的疗效和安全性：DOLCE研究48周结果 Maria Ines Figueroa and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 122–131, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf415 22 DOLCE: Sweet Success for Dolutegravir/Lamivudine? DOLCE研究：多替拉韦/拉米夫定双药治疗是否取得完美成功？ Laura J Waters Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 132–133, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf416 Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology（感染控制与医院流行病学） 23 Real-Time Genomic Surveillance for Enhanced Healthcare Outbreak Detection and Control: Clinical and Economic Impact 实时基因组监测用于加强医疗保健机构疫情检测与控制：临床与经济影响 Alexander J Sundermann and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 134–141, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf216 24 Patient Perspectives Regarding Different Contact Precaution Policies for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Across Two Hospitals: Patients Are in Favor of Contact Precautions 两家医院患者对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌不同接触预防政策的态度：患者支持接触预防措施 Nicholas F Angelino and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 142–144, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf330 Photo Quiz（影像问答） 25 The Clue That Wriggled into View 蜿蜒入目的线索 Nitin Gupta and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 145–147, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf427 Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology（感染控制与医院流行病学） 26 Comparing Generative Artificial Intelligence vs Experts for Detection of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection 比较生成式人工智能与专家在导管相关尿路感染检测中的应用 Shatha Alshanqeeti and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 148–150, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf486 Sexually Transmitted Infections（性传播感染） 27 Viability of Chlamydia trachomatis in Different Anatomical Sites—a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis 不同解剖部位沙眼衣原体的存活能力——系统综述和荟萃分析 Arthur Wong and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 151–158, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae401 Photo Quiz（影像问答） 28 A 46-Year-Old With Persistent Altered Mental Status and Respiratory Failure 一例46岁患者持续出现意识状态改变伴呼吸衰竭 Ann F Yang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 159–161, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf439 Sexually Transmitted Infections（性传播感染） 29 Mpox in People With HIV: Predictors of Diagnosis, Outcomes, and Vaccine Effectiveness in a Multisite Cohort HIV感染者中的猴痘：多站点队列中诊断、预后和疫苗有效性的预测因素 Michalina Montaño and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 162–172, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae464 30 Development and Evaluation of a Novel Algorithm to Identify Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis Users at a Large Healthcare System in the Bronx, New York 开发和评估一种新型算法，用于识别纽约布朗克斯区一家大型医疗系统中多西环素暴露后预防用药者 Caroline E Mullis and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 173–176, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf109 31 Evidence-Informed Provision of Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis for Prevention of Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections 为预防细菌性性传播感染提供基于证据的多西环素暴露后预防用药 Julia C Dombrowski and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 177–184, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae527 Bacterial Infections（细菌性感染） 32 Long-term Mortality Trends Among Individuals With Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Individuals Diagnosed With Tuberculosis in Brazil 巴西结核病患者的长期死亡率趋势：一项针对巴西结核病诊断患者的回顾性队列研究 Sun Kim and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e1–e8, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf206 33 Clinical and Microbiological Characteristics of Meningococcal Eye Infections: Retrospective National Surveillance in England, 2010–2022 脑膜炎球菌眼部感染的临床和微生物学特征：2010 - 2022年英格兰全国回顾性监测 Stephen A Clark and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e9–e16, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf274 34 Does Piperacillin-Tazobactam Increase Mortality Risk Compared With Cefepime? Collider Bias and the Importance of Assumptions in Instrumental Variable Analyses 与头孢吡肟相比，哌拉西林-他唑巴坦是否会增加死亡率风险？工具变量分析中的混杂偏倚和假设的重要性 Fergus Hamilton and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e17–e23, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf317 COVID-19 / SARS COV-2（新冠肺炎/严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型） 35 Efficacy and Safety of Obeldesivir in High-Risk Nonhospitalized Patients With COVID-19 (BIRCH): A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study 奥贝德西韦在高危非住院COVID-19患者（BIRCH研究）中的疗效和安全性：一项3期、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照研究 Anca Streinu-Cercel and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e24–e32, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf406 36 Retreatment With Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Following Return of COVID-19 Symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 Positivity COVID-19症状复发且SARS-CoV-2检测呈阳性后使用奈玛特韦/利托那韦重新治疗 Wuyan Zhang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e33–e40, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf548 Emerging Infections(新兴感染) 37 “I Didn’t Know Him Before the Pandemic… Now He's on My Speed Dial”: Strengthening Collaboration Between Infectious Diseases Physicians and State and Local Public Health for Future Public Health Emergencies “疫情前我并不认识他……现在他已是我的快速拨号对象”：加强传染病医生与州和地方公共卫生部门在未来突发公共卫生事件中的合作 Diana Valencia and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e41–e46, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf179 38 Identification of and Response to Influenza A(H5) in Off-the-Shelf Raw Milk—Santa Clara County, California, November–December 2024 2024年11 - 12月加利福尼亚州圣克拉拉县在现成生牛奶中检出甲型流感（H5）病毒及应对措施 Alessandra Løchen and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e47–e48, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf420 39 The Indispensable Value of Small-Molecule Antivirals in Epidemic and Pandemic Preparedness 小分子抗病毒药物在流行病和大流行病防范中的不可或缺价值 Ruxandra Draghia-Akli and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e49–e55, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf476 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 40 Increasing HIV Testing During Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Evaluations in Urgent Care and Emergency Departments: A Large Health System Initiative 在紧急护理和急诊科进行淋病和衣原体检测时增加HIV检测：一项大型医疗系统倡议 Allan M Seibert and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e56–e67, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf434 41 Clinical Predictors and Incidence of Kaposi Sarcoma Among Males With HIV in the Treat-All Era in the United States and Canada 美国和加拿大“全员治疗”时代男性HIV感染者卡波西肉瘤的临床预测因素和发病率 Sally B Coburn and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e68–e77, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf446 42 Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors for Treatment-experienced Young Adults With Perinatal HIV in the US: Immunologic, Virologic, and Anthropometric Outcomes 美国接受过治疗的围产期感染HIV的年轻成人使用整合酶链转移抑制剂的免疫学、病毒学和人体测量学结果 Kunjal Patel and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e78–e88, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf538 43 Win Ratio Aligns With and Enhances Interpretation of REPRIEVE's Primary Findings Win比值与REPRIEVE研究的主要发现一致并增强了其解释性 Emma Davies Smith and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e89–e92, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf477 44 The Critical Importance of Clinical Use Case to Inform Point-of-Care Technology Development: A Case Study of HIV Nucleic Acid Assays in the United States 临床应用案例对于指导即时检测技术开发的重要性：以美国HIV核酸检测为例 Yukari C Manabe and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e93–e99, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf510 Mycobacterial Infections（分枝杆菌感染） 45 Body Mass Index and Incident Tuberculosis in Close Tuberculosis Contacts 结核密切接触者中体重指数与新发结核病的关系 María B Arriaga and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e100–e109, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf475 46 The Role of Youths in Within-Household Tuberculosis Transmission: A Household Contact Cohort Study 青年在家庭内结核病传播中的作用：一项家庭接触队列研究 Meredith B Brooks and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e110–e118, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf490 47 Cost-effectiveness of Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing for Tuberculosis Drug-resistance Testing as an Alternative to the Standard of Care in South Africa 南非以靶向下一代测序作为结核病耐药检测标准护理方案的替代方案的成本效益分析 Alexandra de Nooy and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e119–e125, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf495 48 Xpert MTB/RIF Cycle Threshold as a Marker of Tuberculosis (TB) Disease Severity: Implications for TB Treatment Stratification Xpert MTB/RIF循环阈值作为结核病（TB）疾病严重程度的标志物：对结核病治疗分层的启示 Daniel J Grint and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e126–e134, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf527 49 The Role of β-Lactam Antibiotics in Treating Mycobacterium abscessus: From Laboratory Insights to Clinical Applications and the Case for Clinical Trials β-内酰胺类抗生素在治疗脓肿分枝杆菌中的作用：从实验室见解到临床应用及开展临床试验的必要性 Khalid M Dousa and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e135–e145, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf547 Pediatric and Maternal Infectious Diseases（儿科与孕产妇传染病） 50 Efficacy, Immunogenicity, and Safety of an Investigational Maternal Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Protein–Based Vaccine 一种研究性孕产妇呼吸道合胞病毒融合前F蛋白疫苗的疗效、免疫原性和安全性 Peyman Banooni and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e146–e155, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf033 51 Hepatotoxicity Among People With HIV and Receiving Isoniazid Preventive Therapy in Pregnancy and Postpartum: The Role of Antiretroviral Regimen and Pharmacogenetics HIV感染者在孕期和产后接受异烟肼预防性治疗时的肝毒性：抗逆转录病毒治疗方案和药物基因组学的作用 Grace Montepiedra and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e156–e164, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf198 52 Transplacental Transfer of Lumefantrine, Mefloquine, and Piperaquine: A Comparison of Concentrations in Mothers, Neonates, and Cord Blood 青蒿素、甲氟喹和哌喹的胎盘转运：母亲、新生儿和脐带血中浓度的比较 Makoto Saito and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e165–e173, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf552 53 Why Did the Antimalarial Drug Cross the Placenta? 抗疟药为何要穿过胎盘？ Stephen J Rogerson and Holger W Unger Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e174–e175, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf553 Viral Infections（病毒性传染病） 54 Kinetics and Predictors of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Loss After Commencing Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)–Active Antiretroviral Therapy in the Setting of HIV and Chronic HBV Coinfection HIV和慢性乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）共感染患者开始使用HBV活性抗逆转录病毒治疗后乙型肝炎表面抗原消失的动力学和预测因素 Jennifer Audsley and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e176–e184, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf281 55 Secondary Pneumococcal Disease in Veterans With Viral Respiratory Infections 患有病毒性呼吸道感染退伍军人的继发性肺炎球菌病 Lauren A Powers and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e185–e190, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf285 Correspondence（读者来信） 56 Unveiling Latent Risk Patterns in Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteremia: A Deeper Look at Pathogen-Specific Mortality 揭示抗菌药物耐药性菌血症中的潜在风险模式：深入探究病原体特异性死亡率 Yuan-Ti Lee and Shiuan-Chih Chen Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Page e191, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf493 57 Resistance to Antibiotics With High Empiric Treatment Relevance Explains Attributable Mortality Across 110 Pathogen-antibiotic Combinations 对经验性治疗具有高度相关性的抗生素耐药性可解释110种病原体 - 抗生素组合的归因死亡率 Kevin A Brown and Nick Daneman Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e191–e192, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf494 58 Culture Clash: Dual-Pathogen Endocarditis and the Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Studies We Need 文化冲突：双病原体心内膜炎以及我们所需的宏基因组下一代测序研究 Carl Boodman and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e193–e195, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf518 59 Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing and Cardiovascular Infections: Promise and Pitfalls of Polymicrobial Detection 宏基因组下一代测序与心血管感染：多微生物检测的前景与陷阱 Sarwat Khalil and M Rizwan Sohail Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Page e196, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf519 60 It Is Time to Go Beyond the Association Between Colistin and Meropenem for Invasive Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infections 是时候超越多粘菌素和美罗培南联合治疗侵袭性碳青霉烯耐药鲍曼不动杆菌感染了 Alberto Enrico Maraolo and Giancarlo Ceccarelli Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e197–e198, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf533 61 Actually, It May be Time to Return to Colistin and Meropenem in Some Patients Infected With Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) 实际上，对于某些感染碳青霉烯耐药鲍曼不动杆菌（CRAB）的患者，或许是时候重新使用多粘菌素和美罗培南了 Jason M Pogue and Keith S Kaye Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e198–e199, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf534 62 COVID-19 and Bacterial Pneumonia: Protective Effect or Diagnostic Bias? COVID-19和细菌性肺炎：保护作用还是诊断偏差？ Duygu Aydın and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Page e200, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf539 63 Secondary Pneumococcal Disease in Veterans With Viral Respiratory Infections: A Follow Up 患有病毒性呼吸道感染退伍军人的继发性肺炎球菌病：后续研究 John C Hu and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e200–e201, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf540 64 Long-Acting Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine in Viremic People With HIV: Bumpy Road to Perfection 长效卡博特韦/利匹韦林用于病毒载量阳性的HIV感染者：通往完美的坎坷之路 Beatrice Barda and Marco Bongiovanni Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e201–e202, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf482 65 Beyond the Sequence: Operationalizing Whole-Genome Sequencing for Real-time Infection Control in Low- and Middle-Income-Country Healthcare Settings Healthcare Settings 超越序列：在中低收入国家医疗环境中实际应用全基因组测序进行实时感染控制 Schawanya Kaewpitoon Rattanapitoon and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e202–e203, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf535 66 Reassessing Adherence Trajectories in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Recovery Advantage and Hidden Biases 重新评估耐多药结核病的依从性轨迹：康复优势和隐藏偏差 Shiuan-Chih Chen and Chun-Chieh Chen Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e203–e204, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf536 67 Metagenomic Sequencing of Blood Culture Broth for Diagnosing Fastidious Endocarditis 血培养肉汤宏基因组测序用于诊断苛养性心内膜炎 Po-Hsiu Huang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e204–e205, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf554 Corrections（更正） 68 Correction to: Secondary Pneumococcal Disease in Veterans With Viral Respiratory Infections 《患有病毒性呼吸道感染退伍军人的继发性肺炎球菌病》更正 Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Page e206, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf572 69 Correction to: Treatment Outcomes With an Oral Short Course Regimen for Rifampicin-resistant Tuberculosis in a High HIV Prevalence, Programmatic Setting in South Africa 《南非高HIV流行率、项目化环境中口服短程利福平耐药结核病治疗方案的治疗结果》更正 Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Page e207, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf711 Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue Supplement_1 临床传染病学 82卷 增刊1期 https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/82/Supplement_1 SUPPLEMENT（增刊） Laboratory and Point-of-care Testing to Detect Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Review of the Available Evidence 实验室及即时检测技术用于检测沙眼衣原体和淋病奈瑟菌：现有证据综述 SUPPLEMENT ARTICLES（增刊论著） 1 Evidence Review for Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidance Development on the Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae 美国疾病控制与预防中心沙眼衣原体和淋病奈瑟菌检测指南制定证据综述 Amanda C Smith and Ellen N Kersh Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_1, 15 February 2026, Pages S1–S5, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf665 2 Narrative Review of Chlamydia trachomatis Culture, Viability Testing, and Sequencing Methods 沙眼衣原体培养、活性检测及测序方法的叙述性综述 Alana K Sterkel and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_1, 15 February 2026, Pages S6–S12, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf697 3 Culture and Identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: A Narrative Review of Current Laboratory Methods 淋病奈瑟菌培养与鉴定：当前实验室方法叙述性综述 Olusegun O Soge and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_1, 15 February 2026, Pages S13–S18, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf698 4 Review of the Performance of Laboratory-Based Molecular Diagnostics for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae 实验室分子诊断技术检测沙眼衣原体和淋病奈瑟菌的性能综述 Megan Crumpler and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_1, 15 February 2026, Pages S19–S35, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf696 5 Review of Methods for Detecting Antimicrobial Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae 淋病奈瑟菌抗菌药物耐药性检测方法综述 Kara K Mitchell and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_1, 15 February 2026, Pages S36–S42, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf706 6 Point-of-care Tests for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Review of the Literature 沙眼衣原体和淋病奈瑟菌即时检测技术文献综述 Yukari C Manabe and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_1, 15 February 2026, Pages S43–S51, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf699 Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue 2 临床传染病学 82卷 2期 https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/ ID Art Through the Ages（穿越时代的传染病技艺） 1 Interior of the Old Jersey Prison Ship in the Revolutionary War 美国革命战争中老泽西监狱船的内部景象 Mary Grizzard and Michael Grizzard Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Page i, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf693 In the Literature（本期精选） 2 In the Literature 本期精选 Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages ii–v, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag011 IDSA 2025 Collections Editorial（美国传染病学会2025年专题合集社论） 3 2025 Content Collections from the IDSA Journals IDSA期刊2025年内容合集 Roger Bedimo and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 185–186, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag041 State-of-the-Art Review（前沿综述） 4 State-of-the-Art Review: Chagas Disease—an Enduring Challenge 前沿综述：恰加斯病——一个持续存在的挑战 Nelson Iván Agudelo Higuita and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 187–205, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf654 IDSA Features（美国传染病学会特色内容） 5 Policy Recommendations to Support Equitable Access to Long-Acting Injectables for HIV Prevention and Treatment: A Policy Paper of the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the HIV Medicine Association 支持公平获取用于艾滋病毒预防和治疗的长效注射剂的政策建议：美国传染病学会与艾滋病毒医学协会的政策文件 Julia L Marcus and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 206–211, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae648 Voices of ID（传染病之声） 6 A “Terminal Infection” “绝症感染” Jennifer Furin Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 212–214, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf332 Invited Commentary（特邀评论） 7 A Rapid Test to Differentiate Viral From Bacterial Infections: Searching for the Holy Grail 区分病毒与细菌感染的快速检测：寻找“圣杯” Lao-Tzu Allan-Blitz and Jeffrey D Klausner Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 215–218, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf585 Bacterial Infections（细菌感染） 8 Nonoperative Versus Neurosurgical Treatment of Brain Abscess: An Emulated Trial Nested Within a Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort 脑脓肿的非手术治疗与神经外科治疗：一项基于全国人群队列的模拟试验 Emilie Marie Eriksen and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 219–227, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf304 9 What Is the Impact of Anti-Enterococcal Empirical Therapy on Survival of Patients With Enterococcal Bloodstream Infections? 抗肠球菌经验性治疗对肠球菌血流感染患者生存率的影响是什么？ Linda Bussini and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 228–237, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf323 10 Adjunctive Fosfomycin for the Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Pooled Post Hoc Analysis of Individual Participant Data From 2 Randomized Trials 辅助使用磷霉素治疗金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症：两项随机试验个体参与者数据的汇总事后分析 Francesc Escrihuela-Vidal and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 238–245, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf387 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 11 Kinetics of Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Resistance-associated Mutations in HIV-1 Proviral Cellular Reservoirs in Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor-experienced Persons 在接受过非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂治疗的HIV-1感染者中，非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂耐药相关突变在HIV-1前病毒细胞储存库中的动力学 Thomas Drumel and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 246–251, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf430 12 Impact of Different Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors on Body Mass Index Among People With HIV Who Newly Started Antiretroviral Therapy in Shenzhen, China: A Real-World Data Analysis 中国深圳新开始抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV感染者使用不同整合酶链转移抑制剂对体重指数的影响：一项现实数据分析 Lukun Zhang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 252–261, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf466 13 Consequences of Stopping Antiretroviral Treatment in a Persistently Seronegative Individual with HIV-1 HIV-1持续血清阴性个体停止抗逆转录病毒治疗的后果 Marc Wirden and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 262–264, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf422 14 Approaches to the Management of Virologic Failure on Dolutegravir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy in the 50 Countries With the Highest Adult HIV Prevalence 在成人HIV患病率最高的50个国家中，多替拉韦为基础的抗逆转录病毒治疗出现病毒学失败的治疗方法 Cameron T Nutt and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 265–273, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf444 Mycobacterial Infections（结核分枝杆菌感染） 15 Retrospective Cohort Analysis for Identification of Discordant Rifampicin-resistant Xpert MTB/RIF Assay Results in South Kivu, Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, a High Burden Tuberculosis Setting 刚果民主共和国东部南基伍这一结核病高负荷地区，识别利福平耐药不一致的Xpert MTB/RIF检测结果的回顾性队列分析 Bertin C Bisimwa and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 274–281, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf451 16 Prevention of Tuberculosis in Patients Treated With Biological Therapies: 20 Years' Experience in a Specialized Tuberculosis Clinic in a Low-prevalence Country 生物疗法治疗患者中结核病的预防：某低流行国家一个专科结核病诊所20年的经验 Sandra Pérez-Recio and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 282–290, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf491 17 Reducing Household Tuberculosis Transmission: A Pilot Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial 减少家庭内结核病传播：一项试点整群随机对照试验 Cinthya Ruiz-Tagle and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 291–298, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf526 18 (Un)masking Tuberculosis （揭开）结核病的“面具” Joseph N Burzynski and Neil W Schluger Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 299–300, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf528 19 Estimating the Accuracy and Additionality of TB-LAM to Diagnose TB in Children Without HIV (AccuLAM) 评估TB-LAM在无HIV儿童中诊断结核病的准确性和额外价值（AccuLAM） Lucía CarratalàCastro and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 301–303, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf525 Sexually Transmitted Infections（性传播感染） 20 Potential Impact of Doxycycline Post-exposure Prophylaxis Prescribing Strategies on Incidence of Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections 多西环素暴露后预防用药策略对细菌性性传播感染发病率的影响 Michael W Traeger and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 304–311, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad488 21 Filling in the Gaps: Updates on Doxycycline Prophylaxis for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections 填补空白：多西环素预防细菌性性传播感染的最新进展 Aniruddha Hazra and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 312–320, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae062 22 Reported Neurologic Manifestations Among Persons With Syphilis by Stage of Infection—12 States, 2019–2022 2019-2022年12个州按感染阶段划分的梅毒患者报告的神经系统表现 Sarah B Wondmeneh and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 321–325, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf015 Viral Infections（病毒性感染） 23 Investigating the Role of Cytomegalovirus as a Cause of Stillbirths and Child Deaths in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Through Postmortem Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling 通过死后微创组织采样，调查巨细胞病毒在低收入和中等收入国家死胎和儿童死亡原因中的作用 Sithembiso Velaphi and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 326–336, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf098 Photo Quiz（影像问答） 24 Bursting at the Seams “撑破” Maxwell Olenski and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 337–340, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf488 Viral Infections（病毒性感染） 25 Clinical and Epidemiological Investigation of Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Type 2 Outbreak in Pakistan During 2019–2021 2019-2021年巴基斯坦2型疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒疫情的临床和流行病学调查 Nayab Mehmood and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 341–351, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf151 26 Inactivated Polio Vaccine Must Be an Essential Part of Polio Eradication 灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗必须是根除脊髓灰质炎的重要组成部分 Konstantin Chumakov and Stanley A Plotkin Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 352–353, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf215 Photo Quiz（影像问答） 27 Intracranial Lesion in a Patient With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia 慢性髓性白血病患者颅内病变 Mohammed Shakeel Sillat and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 354–357, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf441 Viral Infections（病毒性感染） 28 Respiratory Syncytial Virus Co-Detection With Other Respiratory Viruses Is Not Significantly Associated With Worse Clinical Outcomes Among Children Aged <2 Years: New Vaccine Surveillance Network, 2016–2020 在<2岁的婴幼儿中，呼吸道合胞病毒与其他呼吸道病毒共同检测与临床预后恶化无显著关联：2016-2020年新疫苗监测网络数据 Justin Z Amarin and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 358–365, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf194 29 Transfer of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Specific T Cells in a Pediatric Patient Post-HSCT With Severe, Acyclovir-resistant HSV-1 Infection 一例异基因造血干细胞移植后严重、阿昔洛韦耐药的单纯疱疹病毒1型（HSV-1）感染患儿的HSV-1特异性T细胞的输注 Astrid Wintering and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 366–369, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf125 Clinical Trials（临床实验） 30 Interferon-α Nasal Spray Prophylaxis Reduces COVID-19 in Cancer Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial 干扰素-α鼻喷雾剂预防可降低癌症患者新冠病毒感染率：一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验 Michelle K Yong and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e208–e216, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf409 31 A Phase 3, Randomized Trial Investigating the Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of V116, an Adult-Specific Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine, in Pneumococcal Vaccine-Naïve Adults 18–64 Years of Age at Increased Risk of Pneumococcal Disease, STRIDE-8 一项3期随机试验，调查V116（一种成人特异性肺炎球菌结合疫苗）在未接种过肺炎球菌疫苗且患肺炎球菌疾病风险增加的18-64岁年龄段成人中的安全性、耐受性和免疫原性，STRIDE-8试验 Paul T Scott and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e217–e226, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf604 32 Effect of Direct-from-blood Bacterial Testing on Antibiotics Administration in Adults Presenting With Acute Infection: A Randomized Trial 直接从血液进行细菌检测对急性感染成年患者抗生素给药的影响：一项随机试验 David C Gaston and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e227–e235, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf677 33 The Tantalizing Pursuit for a Perfect Diagnostic Test: Balancing Innovation With Stewardship 对完美诊断检测的诱人追求：平衡创新与管理 K C Coffey and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e236–e238, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf674 Global Health and Neglected Tropical Diseases（全球健康与被忽视的热带病） 34 Diagnostic Accuracy of Tuberculosis Screening Tests in a Prospective Multinational Cohort: Chest Radiography With Computer-Aided Detection, Xpert Tuberculosis Host Response, and C-Reactive Protein 在一项前瞻性多国队列研究中，结核病筛查试验的诊断准确性：计算机辅助检测的胸部X光片、Xpert结核宿主反应检测和C反应蛋白 Rebecca Crowder and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e239–e247, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae549 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 35 Risk Assessment in a Global CVD Prevention Cohort of People With HIV by PCE, PREVENT, and SCORE2 通过PCE、PREVENT和SCORE2对全球心血管疾病预防队列中艾滋病毒感染者进行风险评估 Steven K Grinspoon and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e248–e257, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf542 36 REPRIEVE Analysis of New Cardiovascular Risk Calculators in HIV: Underpredicting Risk Means Preventing Fewer Heart Attacks HIV新心血管风险计算器的REPRIEVE分析：低估风险意味着预防的心脏病发作更少 Matthew S Durstenfeld Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e258–e261, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf543 37 Comparable Inflammatory and Metabolic Outcomes After Switching to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide Versus Continuing Dolutegravir/Lamivudine in Virologically Suppressed Adults With HIV (INSTINCT/GESIDA10918 Study) 在病毒学抑制的HIV感染成人中，转换为比克替拉韦/恩曲他滨/丙酚替诺福韦与继续使用多替拉韦/拉米夫定后的炎症和代谢结局相当（INSTINCT/GESIDA10918研究） Sergio Serrano-Villar and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e262–e274, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf565 38 Tenofovir Alafenamide and Body Weight: Have We Finally Tipped the Scale? 丙酚替诺福韦与体重：我们最终是否打破了平衡？ John R Koethe Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e275–e277, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf566 39 Long-Term Clinical, Immunologic, and Viral Reservoir Outcomes in Children Treated With VRC01LS and 10-1074 Monoclonal Antibodies in the Tatelo Study 在Tatelo研究中，接受VRC01LS和10-1074单克隆抗体治疗的儿童的长期临床、免疫学和病毒储存库结局 Gbolahan Ajibola and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e278–e285, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf568 40 Trends in Persons Prescribed HIV Postexposure Prophylaxis in the United States, 2015–2023 2015-2023年美国开具HIV暴露后预防处方的患者趋势 John N Le and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e286–e295, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf581 Immunocompromised Hosts（免疫功能低下宿主） 41 Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Neutropenic Enterocolitis in Onco-Hematological Patients According to Chemotherapy Regimen 根据化疗方案分析肿瘤血液学患者中性粒细胞减少性肠结肠炎的流行病学、危险因素和预后 Anne-Sophie Brunel and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e296–e307, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf134 42 An Analysis of Cytomegalovirus-Specific Cell-Mediated Immunity in a Phase 3, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Letermovir Prophylaxis in Cytomegalovirus-Seropositive Recipients of an Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant 在一项3期随机、安慰剂对照试验中，分析来特莫韦预防对巨细胞病毒血清阳性异基因造血细胞移植受者巨细胞病毒特异性细胞介导免疫的影响 Genovefa A Papanicolaou and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e308–e315, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf646 43 Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-Specific Cell-Mediated Immunity for Prediction of Postprophylaxis CMV Disease in a Phase 3 Trial of Letermovir Versus Valganciclovir Prophylaxis in Donor CMV-Seropositive/Recipient CMV-Seronegative Kidney Transplant Recipients 在供体巨细胞病毒血清阳性/受体巨细胞病毒血清阴性的肾移植受者中，来特莫韦与缬更昔洛韦预防的3期试验中，巨细胞病毒（CMV）特异性细胞介导免疫对预防后CMV疾病的预测作用 Ajit P Limaye and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e316–e324, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf632 44 The Role of Cytomegalovirus-Specific Cellular Immunity in Transplant Recipients with Letermovir Prophylaxis: To be Determined 来特莫韦预防移植受者中巨细胞病毒特异性细胞免疫的作用：有待确定 Yoichiro Natori and Martina Sester Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e325–e327, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf633 45 IL12RB1 Deficiency Appearing in North America: Expanding the Clinical Phenotypes 北美出现的IL12RB1缺陷：拓展临床表型 Chen Wang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e328–e331, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf637 Vaccines（疫苗） 46 A Phase IV, Open-label, Single-Arm, Multicentric Clinical Trial for Evaluation of Human Papillomavirus 9vHPV Vaccine Immunogenicity in Men Who Have Sex With Men With HIV: GeSIDA Study 10 017 一项评估人乳头瘤病毒9vHPV疫苗在感染HIV的男男性行为者中免疫原性的IV期、开放标签、单臂、多中心临床试验：GeSIDA 10 017研究 Raquel Ron and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e332–e342, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf435 47 Immunogenicity and Safety of the COVID-19 Messenger RNA Vaccine Coadministered With Influenza and 23-valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccines 与流感疫苗和23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗同时接种的COVID-19信使核糖核酸疫苗的免疫原性和安全性 Omid Rezahosseini and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e343–e351, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf455 48 Intestinal Mucosal Immune Responses to Novel Oral Poliovirus Vaccine Type 2 in Healthy Newborns 健康新生儿对新型2型口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗的肠道黏膜免疫反应 Audrey Godin and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e352–e360, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf484 49 Estimated Vaccine Effectiveness for Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Related Acute Respiratory Illness in Older Adults: Findings From the First Postlicensure Season 老年人呼吸道合胞病毒相关急性呼吸道疾病的估计疫苗有效性：首个上市后季节的研究结果 Sara Y Tartof and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e361–e370, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf496 Sexually Transmitted Infections（性传播感染） 50 Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Association Between Mycoplasma genitalium and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) 生殖支原体与盆腔炎性疾病（PID）关联的系统综述和荟萃分析 Kay Htaik and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e371–e379, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae295 51 Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI)/HIV Testing, STIs, and HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Men Who Have Sex With Men and Women in the United States, 2019–2022 2019-2022年美国男男性行为者以及男男性行为者和女性性行为者中性传播感染（STI）/HIV检测、性传播感染和HIV暴露前预防用药情况 Guoyu Tao and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e380–e386, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae314 52 Cabotegravir Maintains Protective Efficacy in the Setting of Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Secondary Analysis of HPTN 083 卡博特韦在细菌性性传播感染情况下维持保护效力：HPTN 083的二次分析 Meredith E Clement and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e387–e395, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae572 Viral Infections（病毒性感染） 53 Comprehensive Analysis of Cardiovascular Events and Risk Factors in Patients Hospitalized With Respiratory Syncytial Virus 对因呼吸道合胞病毒感染住院患者的心血管事件和危险因素的综合分析 Paulina Sudnik and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e396–e403, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf310 54 In Critical Condition: The Urgent Need to Support Mpox Therapeutic and Diagnostic Pipelines 处于危急状况：迫切需要支持猴痘治疗和诊断管线 Carmen Perez Casas and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e404–e408, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf529 Correspondence（读者来信） 55 Caution in Interpreting INSTIs and Weight in Observational Studies 在观察性研究中解读整合酶抑制剂与体重关系时需谨慎 Esteban Martínez Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Page e409, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf569 56 Weight Trajectories With Integrase Inhibitors: Unaddressed Insights and Limitations in a Chinese Cohort 整合酶抑制剂与体重变化轨迹：中国队列中未解决的见解和局限性 Yuan-Ti Lee and Shiuan-Chih Chen Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e409–e410, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf570 57 Real-World Evidence as a Complement to Randomized Trials in Interpreting Weight Gain on Modern INSTI Regimens 现实证据作为随机试验的补充，用于解读现代整合酶抑制剂方案导致的体重增加 Xinsheng Wu and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e410–e411, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf571 58 C-reactive Protein in TB Meningitis: Signal, Surrogate, or Saboteur? 结核性脑膜炎中的C反应蛋白：信号、替代指标还是破坏因素？ Patrick K Moonan and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e411–e412, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf575 59 C-Reactive Protein in Tuberculous Meningitis: A Viable Biomarker for Individualized Care 结核性脑膜炎中的C反应蛋白：个体化护理的可行生物标志物 Lillian Tugume and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e412–e413, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf576 60 The Win Ratio Should Be Complemented by Other Win Statistics to Provide a Comprehensive Picture of Relative and Absolute Treatment Effects: The Case Study of the REPRIEVE Trial 胜利比率应与其他胜利统计数据相结合，以全面呈现相对和绝对治疗效果：REPRIEVE试验案例研究 Melissa J Hardy and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e413–e414, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf587 61 Small Effects, Big Impact: Multiple Win Measures Aid Interpretation, But Do Not Forget the Bigger Picture 效应虽小，影响重大：多种胜利衡量指标有助于解读，但不要忘记整体情况 Emma Davies Smith and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e414–e416, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf588 62 Does Oral Antibiotic Switching Therapy Show Similar Efficacy to Intravenous Administration for Treating Infective Endocarditis? 口服抗生素转换疗法治疗感染性心内膜炎的疗效是否与静脉给药相似？ Jun Suzuki and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e416–e417, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf598 63 Toward a Wider Use of Oral Antibiotic Switch in Infective Endocarditis 朝着更广泛地使用感染性心内膜炎口服抗生素转换疗法迈进 Romane Pouy and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e417–e418, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf599 64 Operationalizing Sepsis Definitions With Artificial Intelligence: Toward Smarter Antibiotic Use 利用人工智能实现败血症定义的落地应用：迈向更明智的抗生素使用 James S Ford and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e418–e419, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf601 65 Balancing Innovation in Artificial Intelligence With Practical Sepsis Definitions 平衡人工智能创新与实用的败血症定义 Chanu Rhee and Michael Klompas Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e419–e420, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf602 66 Precision Prevention of Tuberculosis in Biologic Therapy: Lessons Beyond Screening Strategies 生物疗法中结核病的精准预防：筛查策略之外的启示 Shiuan-Chih Chen and Yuan-Ti Lee Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e420–e421, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf559 67 Recalibrating COVID-19 Booster Policy: Lessons From Hybrid Immunity and Global Equity Gaps 重新调整COVID-19加强针政策：从混合免疫和全球公平差距中吸取教训 Nathkapach K Rattanapitoon and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e421–e422, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf605 Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue 3 临床传染病学 82卷 3期 https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/ ID Art Through the Ages（穿越时代的传染病技艺） 1 Dracunculiasis, 1674 1674年的麦地那龙线虫病 Mary Grizzard and Michael Grizzard Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Page i, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag089 In the Literature（文献聚焦） 2 In the Literature 文献聚焦 Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages ii–iv, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag012 State-of-the-Art Review（前沿综述） 3 State-of-the-Art Review: Managing Vulvovaginal Candidiasis 前沿综述：外阴阴道念珠菌病的治疗 Riina Rautemaa-Richardson and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 371–382, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf673 Ethics Rounds（伦理探讨） 4 CARB Your Enthusiasm: An Ethics-Informed Analysis for Clinicians of the US National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria 谨慎对待抗生素：基于伦理学分析美国国家抗耐药菌行动计划对临床医生的启示 Hunter Jackson Smith and Chelsea Modlin Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 383–388, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf478 Voices of ID（传染病之声） 5 Mothers 母亲们 Maria Koshy Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 389–390, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf338 Bacterial Infections（细菌性感染） 6 The Impact of Synergistic Therapy Between Colistin and Meropenem on Outcomes of People With Pneumonia or Bloodstream Infection Due to Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens 多粘菌素与美罗培南联合治疗对碳青霉烯类耐药革兰氏阴性菌所致肺炎或血行感染患者预后的影响 Mariya Huralska and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 391–398, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf398 7 We Cannot Overcome the Mediocrity of Colistin 我们无法忽视多粘菌素的平庸疗效 Jason C Gallagher Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 399–401, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf592 8 Comparing Clinical, Microbiological, and Genetic Definitions of Relapse in Patients With Subsequent Episodes of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bone and Joint Infection 比较耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌骨关节感染后续发作患者复发在临床、微生物学和遗传学上的定义 Kevin Bouiller and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 402–410, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf448 9 Non-Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase Attributes of the Newer β-lactam/β-lactamase Inhibitors, Part 2: Burkholderia cepacia Complex, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Acinetobacter baumannii 新型β-内酰胺/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂对非肺炎克雷伯菌碳青霉烯酶的抗菌特性，第二部分：洋葱伯克霍尔德菌复合群、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌 Andrew J Fratoni and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 411–419, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf403 Clinical Trials（临床试验） 10 Continuation Versus Temporary Interruption of Immunomodulatory Agents During Infections in Patients With Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases: A Randomized Controlled Trial 炎症性风湿性疾病患者感染期间继续使用与暂时停用免疫调节剂的随机对照试验 Merel A A Opdam and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 420–426, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf442 11 Effectiveness of Nebulized Bronchodilator-Enhanced Sputum Induction in Thai Patients With Presumed Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial (NeB-TB Trial) 泰国疑似肺结核患者中雾化支气管扩张剂增强痰诱导的有效性：一项随机对照试验（NeB-TB试验） Pichanon Mingchay and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 427–435, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf580 12 Bone Biopsy not Superior to Ulcer Bed Biopsy–guided Antibacterial Therapy on Remission of Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial 在指导用于缓解糖尿病足骨髓炎的抗菌治疗方面骨活检并不优于溃疡床活检：一项随机对照试验 Rimke S Lagrand and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 436–442, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf684 13 Do We Need a Bone Biopsy for Managing Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis? 我们是否需要对糖尿病足骨髓炎进行骨活检？ Eric M Senneville and Benjamin A Lipsky Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 443–445, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf685 Critical Care and Sepsis（重症监护与败血症） 14 Contamination of Blood Cultures Drawn From Arterial Catheters Versus Venipuncture or Venous Catheters in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis 危重患者从动脉导管与静脉穿刺或静脉导管采集血培养的污染情况：一项系统综述和荟萃分析 Takatoshi Koroki and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 446–452, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf260 15 Reassessing Procalcitonin-Guided Antibiotic Therapy in Critically Ill Patients With Sepsis: Lessons From the ADAPT-Sepsis Trial 重新评估降钙素原指导的败血症危重患者抗生素治疗：来自ADAPT-败血症试验的启示 Simran Gupta and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 453–458, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf336 Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology（传染病控制与医院流行病学） 16 Effectiveness and Safety of Methods to Prevent Bloodstream and Other Infections and Noninfectious Complications Associated With Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 预防经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管相关血行感染及其他感染和非感染性并发症的方法的有效性和安全性：一项系统综述和荟萃分析 Andreea Dobrescu and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 459–472, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf063 17 Using Generative Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare-Associated Infection Surveillance 利用生成式人工智能进行医院感染监测 Daniel J Morgan and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 473–479, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf619 18 Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Healthcare-Associated Infection Surveillance: Bridging Precision, Partnership, Practice, and People 人工智能与医院感染监测的未来：融合精准、合作、实践与人文 Mamdooh Alzyood Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 480–483, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf620 Infections in Older Adults（老年传染病学） 19 Evaluation of Influenza Antiviral Prophylaxis for Long-term Care Residents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 长期护理机构居民流感抗病毒预防的效果评价：一项系统综述和荟萃分析 Ryan Hanula and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 484–493, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf101 20 Implementation of Diagnostic Stewardship to Improve Urinary Tract Infection Antibiotic Use Across 3 Medical Centers 在三家医疗中心实施诊断管理以改善尿路感染抗生素的使用 Kimberly C Claeys and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 494–500, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf411 Pediatric and Maternal Infectious Diseases（儿科与孕产妇传染病） 21 Adverse Events of First-Line Therapy for Pediatric Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 儿童结核病一线治疗的不良反应：一项系统综述和荟萃分析 Michael Prodanuk and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 501–512, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf152 22 The Impact of Pregnancy on Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes: An Analysis of Brazilian National Surveillance Data 2016–2022 妊娠对结核病治疗效果的影响：基于2016-2022年巴西国家监测数据的分析 Silvia S Chiang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 513–521, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf233 Photo Quiz（影像问答） 23 Persistent Fever and Back Pain After Liver Transplantation 肝移植后持续发热和背痛 Toshiyuki Kishida and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 522–525, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf489 Pediatric and Maternal Infectious Diseases（儿科与孕产妇传染病） 24 Stool Processing Methods for Xpert Ultra Testing in Childhood Tuberculosis: A Prospective, Multicountry Accuracy Study 儿童结核病Xpert Ultra检测的粪便处理方法：一项前瞻性、多国准确性研究 Devan Jaganath and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 526–534, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf289 Photo Quiz（影像问答） 25 A Bloom Beneath the Skin 皮下绽放之花 Yi Rong Chew and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 535–538, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf550 Vector-Borne Diseases（虫媒传染病） 26 Trends in Anaplasmosis Over the Past Decade: A Review of Clinical Features, Laboratory Data, and Outcomes 过去十年无形体病趋势：临床特征、实验室数据和预后回顾 Silpita Katragadda and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 539–547, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf171 27 Completion of Paired Serological Testing Algorithms for Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis and Ehrlichiosis, North Carolina: 2017–2020 斑点热立克次体病和埃里希体病配对血清学检测算法的完成情况，北卡罗来纳州：2017-2020年 Huipeng Liao and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 548–555, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf176 COVID-19/SARS-COV-2（新冠肺炎/严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型） 28 Effect of Metformin on the Risk of Post-COVID-19 Condition Among Individuals With Overweight or Obese: A Population-based Retrospective Cohort Study 二甲双胍对超重或肥胖人群患新冠后综合征风险的影响：一项基于人群的回顾性队列研究 Ubonphan Chaichana and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e423–e432, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf429 29 Preventing Long COVID With Metformin 使用二甲双胍预防新冠长期症状 Carolyn T Bramante and David R Boulware Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e433–e435, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf700 30 Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination and Prior Infections to Reduce Long COVID Risk During the Pre-Omicron and Omicron Periods COVID-19疫苗接种和既往感染在奥密克戎变异株出现前及奥密克戎时期降低新冠长期症状风险的有效性 Sara Carazo and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e436–e445, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf549 31 International Collaboration to Develop and Harmonize Drug Interaction Guidance for Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir During COVID-19: Lessons Learned for Future Pandemic Preparedness 国际合作制定并统一新冠期间奈玛特韦/利托那韦药物相互作用指南：为未来大流行准备汲取的经验教训 Safia Kuriakose and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e446–e454, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf606 Endovascular Infections（血管内感染） 32 Antifungal Therapy in Candida Infective Endocarditis: A Comparison of Echinocandins and Other Treatment Regimens in a Nationwide Cohort Study 念珠菌感染性心内膜炎的抗真菌治疗：一项全国队列研究中棘白菌素与其他治疗方案比较 Siri Kurland and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e455–e461, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf312 33 Should We Extend the Use of Oral Antibiotics in Infective Endocarditis? The ENDO-ORAL Study 我们是否应延长感染性心内膜炎口服抗生素的使用？ENDO-ORAL研究 Benoit Rallet and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e462–e470, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf452 34 Rethinking the Routine: Are Repeat Blood Cultures Necessary After Completion of Infective Endocarditis Treatment? 重新思考常规做法：感染性心内膜炎治疗完成后是否需要重复血培养？ Jean Regina and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e471–e474, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf617 35 Posttreatment Blood Cultures in Patients With Infective Endocarditis: Valuable, Inconsequential, or Worse? 感染性心内膜炎患者治疗后的血培养：有价值、无关紧要还是有害？ Daniel C DeSimone and Larry M Baddour Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e475–e476, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf618 Fungal Infections（真菌感染） 36 Fungal Meningitis in US Patients Who Received Epidural Anesthesia in Matamoros, Mexico 在墨西哥马塔莫罗斯接受硬膜外麻醉的美国患者中的真菌性脑膜炎 Dallas J Smith and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e477–e484, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf399 37 Empirical Antifungal Treatment of Critically ⅢPatients With Influenza-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Propensity Score Weighted Observational Study 流感相关急性呼吸窘迫综合征危重患者的经验性抗真菌治疗：一项倾向评分加权观察性研究 Stefan Hatzl and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e485–e493, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf507 38 Is Empirical Antifungal Therapy the Next Path Forward in Patients With Influenza-Associated ARDS? 经验性抗真菌治疗是否是流感相关急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者的下一步治疗方向？ Florian Reizine and Jean-Pierre Gangneux Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e494–e496, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf508 39 Valley Fever in Central California: Diagnosis is Not the Finish Line, the Real Gap is Longitudinal Care 加利福尼亚州中部山谷热：诊断并非终点，真正的差距在于纵向护理 Geetha Sivasubramanian Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e497–e502, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf728 Hepatitis（肝炎） 40 The Hepatitis C Cascade of Care for Opioid Agonist Therapy Recipients in Australia 澳大利亚接受阿片类激动剂治疗者的丙型肝炎治疗流程 Samara Griffin and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e503–e510, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf352 41 Trends in Hepatitis C Virus Infection Prevalence Among People With HIV in Spain Over 2 Decades (2002–2023) 西班牙20多年来（2002-2023年）HIV感染者中丙型肝炎病毒感染流行率的趋势 Juan Berenguer and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e511–e520, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf407 42 Gaps in the Hepatitis C Prenatal and Postpartum Care Cascade: Rationale for Treatment in Pregnancy 丙型肝炎围产期和产后治疗流程中的差距：孕期治疗的理由 Andrew B Mendlowitz and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e521–e533, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf578 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 43 Combined Use of Ibalizumab and Lenacapavir for the Treatment of Multidrug-resistant HIV-1: A Case Series 艾巴利珠单抗和来那卡帕韦联合治疗多重耐药HIV-1：病例系列研究 Charlotte Rolle and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e534–e540, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf597 44 New Strategies for a Vexing Problem: Injectables to the Rescue for People With Multidrug-Resistant HIV 棘手问题的新策略：注射剂助力多重耐药HIV感染者 William R Short and Onyema E Ogbuagu Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e541–e543, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf600 45 The Bounce-back Effect: What Happens After Cessation of Low-dose Semaglutide in People With HIV 反弹效应：HIV感染者停用低剂量司美格鲁肽后会发生什么 Kristine M Erlandson and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e544–e548, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf652 46 Infections After Kidney Transplantation From Donors With HIV to Recipients With HIV HIV阳性供体肾脏移植给HIV阳性受者后的感染情况 Elizabeth C Arant and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e549–e557, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf656 47 Infections After Kidney Transplantation from Donors with HIV to Recipients with HIV: Insights, Prevention, and the Path Forward HIV阳性供体肾脏移植给HIV阳性受者后的感染情况：见解、预防和未来方向 Abhay Dhand and Stephanie M Pouch Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e558–e560, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf657 Respiratory Infections（呼吸道传染病） 48 Multimorbidity Profiles and Severe In-Hospital Outcomes in Adults With Respiratory Syncytial Virus 成人呼吸道合胞病毒感染的多病共存情况及严重院内结局 Kevin C Ma and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e561–e570, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf405 49 Characterizing Treatment Adherence Trajectories in the endTB Multisite Cohort of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients: An Application of Group-Based Trajectory Modeling 在endTB多站点耐药结核病患者队列中描述治疗依从性轨迹：基于组别的轨迹建模应用 Stephanie Law and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e571–e579, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf467 50 Severity of Clinical Presentation and Outcomes in Hospitalized Adult People With Influenza by Type and Subtype, United States—2017–2020 2017 - 2020年美国按流感类型和亚型划分的住院成人流感患者临床表现严重程度及预后 Seana Cleary and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e580–e588, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf545 51 Reported Tuberculosis Symptoms: An Inadequate Classifier of Disease State 报告的结核病症状：疾病状态分类的不足指标 Nicky McCreesh and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e589–e594, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf611 Sexually Transmitted Infections（性传播感染） 52 Effectiveness of Updated 2023–2024 (Monovalent XBB.1.5) COVID-19 Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB and BA.2.86/JN.1 Lineage Hospitalization and a Comparison of Clinical Severity—IVY Network, 26 Hospitals, 18 October 2023–9 March 2024 2023 - 2024年更新版（单价XBB.1.5）新冠疫苗对SARS-CoV-2奥密克戎XBB和BA.2.86/JN.1谱系住院的有效性及临床严重程度比较——IVY网络，26家医院，2023年10月18日 - 2024年3月9日 Kevin C Ma and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e595–e603, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae405 53 High Prevalence of Haemophilus ducreyi Among Patients With Suspected Primary syphilis in Malawi, 2019–2022 2019 - 2022年马拉维疑似原发性梅毒患者中杜克雷嗜血杆菌的高流行率 Mitch M Matoga and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e604–e611, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf114 54 Characteristics Associated With Disseminated Gonococcal Infections vs Uncomplicated Gonorrhea: A California Case-control Study, 2021–2022 与播散性淋球菌感染（而非单纯性淋病）相关的特征：2021 - 2022年加利福尼亚病例对照研究 Kelly A Johnson and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e612–e615, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf311 Viral Infections（病毒性感染） 55 Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection Progression to Disease Among Men Who Have Sex With Men 男男性行为者肛门人乳头瘤病毒感染进展为疾病的情况 Joel M Palefsky and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e616–e625, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf584 Correspondence（读者来信） 56 Cardiac Complications of Mycoplasma pneumoniae: Overlooked Confounders, Biomarkers, and Host-Driven Shifts 肺炎支原体感染的心脏并发症：被忽视的混杂因素、生物标志物及宿主驱动的变化 Shiuan-Chih Chen and Ming-Cheng Lin Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e626–e627, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf609 57 Mycoplasma pneumoniae–Associated Cardiac Complications Revisited 重新审视肺炎支原体相关心脏并发症 Daniel Grupel and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e627–e628, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf610 58 Screening for Anal Cancer Is Associated With Real Harms and Questionable Benefits 肛门癌筛查存在实际危害且益处存疑 Chris Kenyon Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Page e628, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf613 59 Anal Cancer Screening: A Balanced Approach is Necessary 肛门癌筛查：需采取平衡的方法 Hayden S Andrews and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e628–e629, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf614 60 Collateral Benefits and Methodological Limits of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immunization for Infant Otitis Media and Antibiotic Use 呼吸道合胞病毒免疫接种对婴儿中耳炎和抗生素使用的附带益处及方法学局限 Tsai Ling Ting and Kai-Lun Sheu Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e629–e630, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf640 61 Interpretation of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immunization Impact on Pediatric Acute Otitis Media: Key Considerations 解读呼吸道合胞病毒免疫接种对儿童急性中耳炎的影响：关键考量因素 Inès Fafi and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e630–e631, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf641 62 A Possible Increase in Penicillin-Resistant Strains of Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体青霉素耐药菌株可能增加 Jun Suzuki and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e631–e632, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf643 63 Surveillance of Resistance-Associated Mutations in Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体耐药相关突变的监测 Kai-Hsiang Chen and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e632–e633, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf645 64 Does Empirical Antifungal Therapy Reduce IAPA in Influenza-Associated ARDS? Methodological Concerns on Diagnosis, Surveillance, and Clinical Heterogeneity 经验性抗真菌治疗能否减少流感相关急性呼吸窘迫综合征（IAPA）的发生？诊断、监测和临床异质性方面的方法学问题 Ming Xue and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e633–e634, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf661 65 Empirical Antifungal Therapy and IAPA in Influenza-Associated ARDS: Insights from Real-World Data 流感相关急性呼吸窘迫综合征中的经验性抗真菌治疗和IAPA：来自现实数据的见解 Stefan Hatzl and Robert Krause Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Page e634, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf664