BACKGROUND:First-line triplet therapy may expand clinical benefit for advanced clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The phase Ib/II KEYMAKER-U03 substudy 03A (NCT04626479) investigated novel pembrolizumab (pembro)-based regimens in this setting.
PATIENTS AND METHODS:Participants with advanced ccRCC and no prior systemic therapy were randomized 2 : 1 to quavonlimab (qmab)/pembro plus lenvatinib (lenva), favezelimab (fave)/pembro plus lenva, pembro plus lenva plus belzutifan (bel), and vibostolimab (vibo)/pembro plus bel or a concurrent reference treatment (pembro plus lenva). A safety lead-in of ∼10 participants occurred for all investigative treatments before randomization. Primary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR) per RECIST v1.1 by blinded independent central review in all randomized participants (excluding safety lead-in), and safety in all treated participants. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).
RESULTS:As of 31 March 2025, 393 participants were enrolled. Median follow-up for randomized participants across the five cohorts ranged between 16 and 39 months. The ORR was 80.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 68.6% to 89.6%] with pembro plus lenva, 71.3% (95% CI 60.0% to 80.8%) with qmab/pembro plus lenva, 62.7% (95% CI 48.1% to 75.9%) with fave/pembro plus lenva, 77.5% (95% CI 66.8% to 86.1%) with pembro plus lenva plus bel, and 42.5% (95% CI 31.5% to 54.1%) with vibo/pembro plus bel. Median PFS was 26.3 months (95% CI 15.3-39.8 months) with pembro plus lenva, 18.0 months (95% CI 11.6-34.3 months) with qmab/pembro plus lenva, 26.0 months (95% CI 8.2-31.8 months) with fave/pembro plus lenva, 31.8 months [95% CI 26.3 months-not reached (NR)] with pembro plus lenva plus bel, and 15.2 months (95% CI 12.4 months-NR) with vibo/pembro plus bel. Median OS was not reached in any arm. Grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 71.0% (44/62) of participants treated with pembro plus lenva, 73.3% (66/90) with qmab/pembro plus lenva, 86.9% (53/61) with fave/pembro plus lenva, 70.0% (63/90) with pembro plus lenva plus bel, and 68.9% (62/90) with vibo/pembro plus bel.
CONCLUSIONS:Observed efficacy and safety of pembro plus lenva were confirmatory of prior observations for this combination. ORR was similar to reference for pembro plus lenva plus bel and qmab/pembro plus lenva, but not the other investigative arms. Further investigation of pembro plus lenva plus bel and qmab/pembro plus lenva versus pembro plus lenva is ongoing in the phase III LITESPARK-012 study.