Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride

Researchers conducted a statewide survey of all patients on breathing machines in hospitals and long-term care facilities and found that a significant percentage of them harbored two pathogens known to be life-threatening in those with compromised immune systems. One pathogen, Acinetobacter baumannii, was identified in nearly 31 percent of all patients on ventilators to assist with their breathing; Candida auris was identified in nearly 7 percent of patients on ventilators, according to the study. University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMSOM) researchers conducted a statewide survey of all patients on breathing machines in hospitals and long-term care facilities and found that a significant percentage of them harbored two pathogens known to be life-threatening in those with compromised immune systems. One pathogen, Acinetobacter baumannii, was identified in nearly 31 percent of all patients on ventilators to assist with their breathing; Candida auris was identified in nearly 7 percent of patients on ventilators, according to the study which was published this week in the Journal of the American Medical Association. They conducted the study with colleagues at the Maryland Department of Health and presented their findings at this week's Infectious Disease Society of America annual meeting in Boston. "We found patients in long-term care facilities, like skilled nursing homes, were more likely to be colonized with these pathogens than those getting treated in hospitals," said study leader Anthony Harris, MD, MPH, Professor of Epidemiology & Public Health at UMSOM and infectious disease specialist at University of Maryland Medical Center. "We were the first in the nation to get a statewide survey of all ventilated patients, and I think it points to the stringency of the infection control programs in place in the state of Maryland and the excellent collaboration between the University of Maryland and the State Health Department." Both A. baumannii and C. auris have been highlighted by the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as emerging pathogens that present a global health threat. C. auris is a fungus that spreads within and among local healthcare facilities -- usually in those hospitalized and on breathing machines (ventilators). Older people with weakened immune systems are particularly susceptible to this infection, which resists treatment with common anti-fungal medications. A. baumannii, a bacteria, also poses a threat to these same types of patients and has become very resistant through the years to treatment with most antibiotics. To conduct the study, Dr. Harris and his colleagues obtained culture swabs from all 482 patients receiving mechanical ventilation in Maryland healthcare facilities between March and June of this year. All eligible healthcare facilities, 51 in total, participated in the survey. They identified A. baumannii from at least one patient in one-third of the acute care hospitals and from 94 percent of the long-term care facilities. They identified C. auris in nearly 5 percent of hospitalized patients and in 9 percent of patients in long-term care facilities. "Testing positive, however, does not mean that patients have symptoms or active infections that are potentially life-threatening," said study co-author J. Kristie Johnson, PhD, Professor of Pathology at UMSOM whose lab did the A. baumannii testing for the study. "But knowing which patients are colonized with these pathogens can help contain their spread to other patients." Over the course of 2022, state and local health departments around the country reported 2,377 clinical cases, according to the CDC, nearly five times the number infections in 2019, which was less than 500 cases. Maryland alone had 46 cases in 2022. While these infections don't normally pose much of health risk to hospital workers, they pose a significant risk of death in patients with weakened immune systems. Often the infections can be spread from patient to patient by health care workers carrying the germs on their hands, equipment or clothing. "There is a need for more health care facilities nationwide to be aware of the extent of the problem through surveillance testing," Dr. Harris said.Certain measures can be implemented to help reduce spread of these pathogens includingmore stringent use of disposable gloves and gowns between patients and the use of chlorhexidine bathing of the critically ill to disinfect their skin. "Emerging pathogens that are resistant to available therapeutics present a growing challenge in our country, especially with a projected increased growth in our aging population entering long term care facilities," said UMSOM Dean Mark Gladwin, MD, who is also Executive Vice President for Medical Affairs, UM Baltimore, and the John Z. and Akiko K. Bowers Distinguished Professor at UMSOM. "Nearly half of patients who contract C. auris infections die within 90 days, according to the CDC, and this pathogen is now found in nearly 50 states. This is why it is critical for these surveillance studies to be conducted nationwide, not just in Maryland." UMSOM faculty members Lisa Pineles, MA, Lyndsay O'Hara, PhD, Leigh Smith, MD, and Indira French, MS, were co-authors on this study. The study was funded by a grant from the CDC (1U54CK000450-01).

▲8月03-04日 2023CMC-China大会 · 限时免费报名中5月31日，国家药监局发布公告，硝唑氯已定洗剂（浓）由处方药转换为非处方药。相关药品上市许可持有人在2024年2月29日前，依据《药品注册管理办法》等有关规定，向省级药品监督管理部门提交修订说明书备案。根据《处方药与非处方药分类管理办法（试行）》（原国家药品监督管理局令第10号）的规定，经国家药品监督管理局组织论证和审核，甲硝唑氯已定洗剂（浓）由处方药转换为非处方药。品种名单及其非处方药说明书范本一并发布。 请相关药品上市许可持有人在2024年2月29日前，依据《药品注册管理办法》等有关规定，向省级药品监督管理部门提交修订说明书备案，并将说明书修订内容及时通知相关医疗机构、药品经营企业等单位。 非处方药说明书范本规定内容之外的说明书其他内容按原批准证明文件执行。药品标签涉及相关内容的，应当一并修订。药品上市许可持有人提交备案之日起生产的药品，不得继续使用原药品说明书。 特此公告。 附件：1.品种名单 2.非处方药说明书范本 国家药监局 2023年5月30日附件2非处方药说明书范本甲硝唑氯己定洗剂（浓）说明书请仔细阅读说明书并按说明使用或在药师指导下购买和使用[药品名称]通用名称: 甲硝唑氯己定洗剂(浓)商品名称：英文名称:汉语拼音:[成份]本品为复方制剂，每毫升含主要成份葡萄糖酸氯己定6毫克、甲硝唑1毫克。辅料为：[性状][作用类别]本品为妇科用药类非处方药药品。[适应症]用于细菌、滴虫、霉菌引起的各种阴道炎。[规格][用法用量]阴道冲洗。一次10毫升，一日2次，7-10日为一疗程。冲洗时，取10毫升药液，倒入50毫升灌洗器内，再加温开水或纯化水至灌洗器瓶颈处，拧上导管，摇匀。患者取仰卧位，垫高臀部，把导管轻轻插入阴道内约7-8厘米(公分)，然后慢慢将药液挤入阴道内，保留3-5分钟后排尽药液即可。[不良反应]可出现皮疹、瘙痒、外阴水肿、充血等过敏反应或烧灼感等局部刺激症状。[禁忌]1.对本品及所含成份过敏者禁用。2.妊娠期头三个月禁用。[注意事项]1.妊娠期头三个月禁用。妊娠三个月以上孕妇、哺乳期妇女及无性生活史的女性应在医师指导下使用。2.使用本品时应避开月经期。3.用药期间注意个人卫生，防止重复感染，使用避孕套或避免房事。4.本品仅供阴道给药，切忌口服。5.用药部位如有烧灼感、红肿等情况应停药，并将局部药物洗净，必要时向医师咨询。6.灌洗器用前用后必须洗净，并在清洁处保存。7.禁止与他人合用灌洗器，防止交叉感染。8.对本品过敏者禁用，过敏体质者慎用。9.本品性状发生改变时禁止使用。10.请将本品放在儿童不能接触的地方。11.如正在使用其他药品，使用本品前请咨询医师或药师。[药物相互作用]如与其他药物同时使用可能会发生药物相互作用，详情请咨询医师或药师。[药理作用]本品为抗菌药。氯己定亦称洗必泰，为广谱杀菌剂；甲硝唑亦称灭滴灵，具有抗厌氧菌、抗滴虫作用。[贮藏][包装][有效期][执行标准][批准文号][说明书修订日期][上市许可持有人]名 称： 注册地址：邮政编码：电话号码：传真号码：网 址：[生产企业] 企业名称： 生产地址：邮政编码：电话号码：传真号码：网 址：如有问题可与药品上市许可持有人联系。注：本说明书范本原则上不得删减，如原批准说明书的安全性内容较本范本内容更全面或更严格的，应保留原批准内容。