Cretostimogene Grenadenorepvec

Despite major gains with immunotherapy, many tumors remain non-responsive because of poor antigen release and a suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) directly lyses cancer cells and secondarily inflames the TME via immunogenic cell death and type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling. Here we present primary clinical and preclinical evidence on (i) mechanisms that govern OV selectivity and immune priming, (ii) genetic engineering strategies linked to clinical signals, and (iii) translational lessons across species, with emphasis on companion-animal oncology as a bridge to human trials. We highlight trials where OVs prime checkpoint response (e.g., DNX-2401→pembrolizumab in recurrent glioblastoma) and where vector design (e.g., TK-deleted vaccinia, CG0070) or payloads (e.g., IFNβ, NIS) drive measurable benefit. We conclude with actionable priorities, patient selection by IFN-pathway competence, receptor-tropism panels, and rational OV-ICI sequencing, to accelerate durable responses.

Bladder cancer is a common malignancy in the elderly, with approximately 75% of cases diagnosed as non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC).Although transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TURBT)is the standard initial treatment, recurrence rates remain high, and intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin(BCG)instillation has long been used as an adjuvant therapy.However, about 30% of patients develop BCG-unresponsive disease despite adequate BCG administration.Radical cystectomy is recommended in such cases, but its invasiveness and impact on quality of life(QOL)often make it impractical in real-world settings.Thus, the development of novel bladder-preserving treatments is urgently needed.In recent years, diverse approaches including immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICI), gene therapy, drug delivery systems(DDS), and oncolytic virus-based therapies have been actively investigated, with numerous clinical trials ongoing worldwide.Importantly, pembrolizumab, nadofaragene firadenovec, and N-803 in combination with BCG have received FDA approval, representing major advances in the management of BCG-unresponsive NMIBC.In addition, promising agents such as TAR-200, cretostimogene grenadenorepvec, and detalimogene voraplasmid are under clinical evaluation.These advances indicate the potential for novel strategies that enable bladder preservation while achieving tumor control.Future challenges include validation of long-term outcomes, establishment of evidence through randomized controlled trials, and regulatory approval and reimbursement in Japan.Expansion of therapeutic options is expected to improve both prognosis and QOL in this high-risk population.