The purpose of this study is to characterize the immune response to the FDA-approved mRNA-based RSV vaccine in adults ≥60 years of age, using a systems biology approach. The study aims to generate high-resolution immunologic and systems biology data following vaccination to identify early biomarkers of response and gain mechanistic insight into host immunity.

开始日期2025-10-13

申办/合作机构

Emory University

[+1]

NCT07117487

/ Completed临床3期

A Phase 3 Open-label Study to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of Revaccination With mRNA-1345 at Least 12 Months Following a Primary Dose of a Licensed Protein Subunit RSV Vaccine in Adult Participants ≥60 Years of Age

The purpose of this study is to evaluate safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of mRNA-1345 in participants who have been previously vaccinated with either Arexvy or Abrysvo at least 12 months prior to enrollment, are medically stable and aged ≥60 years.

开始日期2025-08-05

申办/合作机构

ModernaTX, Inc.

NCT06143046

/ Active, not recruiting临床2期

A Phase 2, Randomized, Observer-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Escalation Study to Evaluate the Reactogenicity, Safety, and Immunogenicity of mRNA-1345, an mRNA Vaccine Targeting Respiratory Syncytial Virus, in Pregnant Women, and Safety and Immunogenicity in Infants Born to Vaccinated Mothers

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the reactogenicity, safety, and immunogenicity of an investigational respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine, mRNA-1345, in pregnant women, and safety and immunogenicity in infants born to vaccinated mothers.

开始日期2023-11-15

申办/合作机构

ModernaTX, Inc.

100 项与 Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine(Moderna) 相关的临床结果

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100 项与 Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine(Moderna) 相关的转化医学

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100 项与 Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine(Moderna) 相关的专利（医药）

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项与 Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine(Moderna) 相关的文献（医药）

2026-12-01·Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

Coadministration of mRNA-1345 RSV vaccine with high-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine in adults aged 65 and older: An observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized, phase 3 trial.

Article

作者: Fogarty, Charles ; Rushton, Lee ; Comstock, Emily ; Caso, Jorge ; Vu, Jack ; Sinha, Ambrish ; Ma, Chong ; Cao, Xin ; Chen, HuiLing ; Priddy, Frances

Coadministration of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and seasonal influenza vaccines can increase vaccination uptake. mRNA-1345 (mRESVIA, Moderna, Inc.) is indicated in multiple countries for prevention of RSV-lower respiratory tract disease in adults. This randomized, observer-blind, phase 3 study evaluated safety, tolerability, immunogenicity, and inferred efficacy of mRNA-1345 when coadministered with quadrivalent influenza vaccine-high dose (QIV-HD). Adults ≥65 y (n = 1900) were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive both vaccines coadministered at day 1 or sequentially, 21 d apart. Noninferiority of six co-primary immunogenicity endpoints was assessed up to 21 d post vaccination, comparing coadministered versus sequential vaccination. Immunogenicity was measured by serum-neutralizing antibody responses and seroresponse rates for RSV or seroconversion rate for influenza. Reactogenicity was mild/moderate and there were no safety concerns, related serious adverse events, or deaths. Noninferiority of immune responses against influenza A (H1N1, H3N2) and B (Austria, Phuket) was demonstrated, with geometric mean ratios (GMRs; coadministration vs sequential vaccination) of anti-hemagglutinin titers ranging from 0.868-0.948. All lower bounds of the corresponding 95% CI were >0.667, consistent with the commonly accepted noninferiority margin of 1.5 (i.e. 0.667 = 1/1.5). Noninferiority against RSV-A and RSV-B based on GMR was not demonstrated; GMRs (95% CI) of neutralizing antibody were 0.625 (0.570-0.686) and 0.638 (0.584-0.697) for RSV-A and RSV-B, respectively, with the lower bound of 95% CI < 0.667 for RSV-A and B. Coadminstration is estimated to maintain the efficacy of mRNA-1345 against RSV-lower respiratory tract disease based on a correlate of protection model. These results support coadministration of mRNA-1345 with QIV-HD.Clinical trials registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06060457.

2026-05-20·CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Interim Findings From a Phase 3 Trial of mRNA-1345

Article

作者: Wolfe, Cameron R ; Kabbani, Dima ; Mannan, Anisha ; Burns, Fiona ; McGrath, Shannon ; Priddy, Frances ; Lan, Lan ; Herc, Erica ; She, Fahua ; Mayer, Erick F ; Kumar, Deepali ; Kapoor, Archana ; Falsey, Ann R

Abstract:

Background:

Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at increased risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease due to chronic immunosuppression.

Methods:

In this ongoing, open-label, phase 3 trial, adults ≥18 years with a history of liver, kidney, or lung transplant received 2 doses of mRNA-1345 RSV vaccine (50 µg) 56 days apart. Primary endpoints were tolerability, safety, and RSV-A/RSV-B neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses on Day 85; secondary endpoints included immunogenicity on Days 29 and 181. Cell-mediated immunity was an exploratory endpoint assessed in a subset of participants.

Results:

146/150 participants (median: age, 57 years; time since transplant, 4.7 years) received both doses. Reactogenicity was mild to moderate and transient. No vaccine-related discontinuations, deaths, adverse events of special interest (AESIs), or events of transplant rejection were reported within 28 days after any dose. One dose was immunogenic across all SOT types, with 4.9- and 3.4-fold increases in RSV-A/RSV-B nAb GMTs by Day 29, respectively. A second dose resulted in modest additional increases over baseline (RSV-A, 7.1-fold; RSV-B, 5.2-fold). Added benefit of the second dose was more apparent in participants with kidney and lung transplant, <2 years post-transplant, and on mycophenolate. Responses remained above baseline through Day 181. Polyfunctional CD4⁺ T-cell responses were robust and sustained; CD8⁺ responses were also observed.

Conclusions:

mRNA-1345 was well tolerated and immunogenic in SOT recipients. A single dose induced nAb responses across subgroups, with potential additional benefit from a second dose in specific groups. Durable antibody and cellular responses support mRNA-1345 as a preventive strategy for RSV in this vulnerable population.

Clinical Trials Registration:

NCT06067230.

2026-05-01·MOLECULAR THERAPY

Highly efficient and durable Th1-biased protective immunity from a novel mRNA vaccine against RSV via AI-assisted antigen screening

Article

作者: Yu, Fei ; Li, Jing ; Zhang, Man ; Song, Gengshen ; Zhou, Yuting ; Dong, Kai ; Chai, Xin ; Liu, Fang ; Wang, Wang

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of severe respiratory illness, imposing a significant burden on global health and society. Here, we report a novel mRNA vaccine that can offer potent and enduring protection against RSV. We designed various vaccines based on mRNA that encoded the RSV prefusion F protein and established an AI screening model for the prediction of expression and immunogenicity of the RSV F protein variants. An optimized candidate sequence was obtained from an empirical structural design pool through AI-assisted screening and a comprehensive trial screening process in terms of in vitro conformational stability and in vivo neutralizing antibody levels. The resulting mRNA was delivered via YK-009 lipid nanoparticles, which demonstrated robust delivery efficiency. This candidate vaccine (RSV-mF03) produced a more stable prefusion F protein and elicited durable neutralizing antibody titers over 10 times higher than those induced by mRNA-1345 (mRESVIA). Notably, our vaccine provided complete protection against RSV challenge, with no evidence of vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the production of a potent RSV vaccine candidate and the feasibility of integrating AI into RSV vaccine development.

433

项与 Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine(Moderna) 相关的新闻（医药）

2026-06-01

·药学进展

独家原创 | 脂质纳米粒在先进治疗药品中的应用进展

“ 点击蓝字关注我们黄芳华国家药品监督管理局药品审评中心药理毒理学部，主任药师，博士。长期从事化药、生物制品和中药的药理毒理专业审评工作，大力促进和提高药物非临床安全性、有效性研究和评价的科学性、规范性。参与药品注册法规和配套文件的起草制定。负责起草了多项非临床研究技术指导原则（包括单次给药毒性、遗传毒性、生殖毒性、依赖性、儿科用药、纳米药物、脂质体药物、干细胞产品、AAV载体基因治疗产品等）。为ICH S11的专家组（EWG）专家，并负责ICH S11、S5、S2等在中国的翻译转化。作为课题实施者完成了3项中国药品监管科学研究行动计划重点项目（纳米药物、中药药效学研究等）。以第一或通信作者在核心期刊发表论文60余篇。秦叔逵复旦大学药学院教授（二级），博士生导师。曾任复旦大学药学院科研副院长、智能化递药教育部重点实验室副主任、药学研究所常务副所长。教育部新世纪优秀人才、上海市曙光学者、上海优秀学术带头人。Acta Pharm Sin B执行副主编，Pharmaceutics栏目主编，Chin Chem Lett，J Drug Deliv Sci Tech副主编；AAPS PharmSciTech，Int J Pharm，Pharm Res及《药学学报》《药学进展》等期刊编委。主持国家和上海市项目数十项；从事30余种药物制剂的研发工作，代表性产品包括转化糖电解质注射液（田力）与盐酸氨酮戊酸散（艾拉）。发表论文300余篇，其中SCI论文200余篇。连续入选“全球2%顶尖科学家”年度与生涯榜单。申请与获得中国发明专利数十项。主要研究方向为纳米给药系统、口服给药系统、药物新剂型与新技术。主要学术贡献包括：基于“聚集导致淬灭”效应，建立了纳米粒体内实时荧光检测专有技术平台；推动离子液体技术广泛应用于药物递送与皮肤健康领域；基于脂质体系显著促进了难溶性药物的口服吸收脂质纳米粒在先进治疗药品中的应用进展 PPS 付淑军1#，朱含2，3#，陆惠平2，龚婧如2，卢懿3，吴伟2，3*，黄芳华1** （1. 国家药品监督管理局药品审评中心，北京 100022；2.复旦大学附属浦东医院药剂科，上海 201399；3.复旦大学药学院智能化递药教育部重点实验室，上海 201203) [摘要] 脂质纳米粒（lipid nanoparticle，LNP）作为一种新兴的药物递送系统，在先进疗法中展现出广阔的应用潜力。近年来，LNP在基因治疗、细胞治疗和疫苗等领域取得显著进展，尤其是在mRNA疫苗中的应用，为应对新型冠状病毒感染提供了有效的解决方案。综述LNP的组成、制备方法、作用机制及其在先进治疗药品中的应用，重点分析已上市的LNP产品及其临床应用情况，并总结国内外主要监管机构对LNP产品的相关监管要求，以期为该类药物的研究与评价提供参考。先进治疗药品 (advanced therapy medicinal products,ATMPs) 已成为全球药物研发领域的战略高地，全球药品监管机构持续推进 ATMPs 的研发。2025 年 6 月，国家药品监督管理局 (NMPA) 药品审评中心 (CDE) 发布《先进治疗药品的范围、归类和释义 (征求意见稿)》, 为促进 ATMPs 的分级分类科学监管，推动该类药品研发申报及审评审批，首次明确了 ATMPs 的范围与释义、具体归类以及类别划分的总体原则与科学逻辑 [1]。美国食品药品监督管理局 (FDA) 也先后发布 3 份指南，为细胞与基因治疗 (CGT) 产品开发、再生医学疗法的加速审批以及药品上市后安全性与有效性数据收集提供指导 [2-4]。尽管如此，其临床转化仍面临诸多挑战，其中，如何克服体内复杂的生物屏障，实现核酸和蛋白质等活性成分的高效、靶向递送，已成为制约其成药性的关键瓶颈。脂质纳米粒 (lipid nanoparticle,LNP) 作为新一代高效、非病毒递送系统，凭借其独特的组成设计与作用机制，成功突破了生物大分子药物递送瓶颈，已成为核酸药物、蛋白药物等研发与转化的核心支撑技术，亦是 ATMPs 中备受关注的新型递送系统 [5-8]。LNP 技术的发展源于几代科学家历经近 60 年的持续积累，实现了从基础研究到临床转化：自 1965 年多聚阳离子二乙氨乙基 (DEAE) 葡聚糖被发现以来，到 2018 年首个小干扰 RNA (siRNA) 药物获批上市，标志着 LNP 技术正式实现临床转化；2020 年以来，基于 LNP 的新型冠状病毒感染 mRNA 疫苗的成功研发与大规模应用，不仅验证了 LNP 在应对重大突发公共卫生事件中的重要价值，也进一步推动了 LNP 技术的快速发展与全球广泛关注 [9]。本文系统梳理 LNP 的组成、制备方法、作用机制及其在先进治疗药品中的应用，重点分析已上市的 LNP 产品及其临床应用情况，并总结国内外主要监管机构对 LNP 产品的相关监管要求，以期为该类药物的研究与评价提供参考。 1 脂质纳米粒递送系统 1.1 脂质纳米粒的组成与制备 LNP 是由脂质分子自组装形成的纳米级球形颗粒，具有独特的核 - 壳结构，直径通常为 20~200nm。经典的 LNP 通常由以下 4 种关键组分构成：1）可电离脂质（ionizable lipids）是 LNP 的主要成分，占脂质总量的 40%~50%，由具有带正电荷的亲水性胺基头部与长链疏水性脂质尾部组成，其酸解离常数（pKa）决定了 LNP 的电离行为和表面电荷特征。该特性赋予可电离脂质两大核心功能：一是酸性条件下质子化带正电，可与带负电的核酸药物通过静电相互作用形成稳定的复合物，实现药物的高效包封，包封率可达 90% 以上 [10]；二是生理中性条件下呈电中性，大幅降低了脂质与血浆蛋白的非特异性结合，减少了网状内皮系统的清除，同时降低了因正电荷引起的细胞毒性与体内炎症反应 [11]。此外，可电离脂质的质子化特性也是实现内体逃逸的关键，即 “质子海绵效应” 的核心基础 [12]。可电离脂质可分为单胺基脂质与多胺基脂质。目前 FDA 批准用于 RNA 递送的代表性可电离阳离子脂质如 DLin-MC3-DMA（MC3）、SM-102 和 ALC0315 均为单胺基脂质。2）磷脂（lipids）是 LNP 自组装和内涵体逃逸的辅助脂质，是构成 LNP 结构骨架的组分，占脂质总量的 5%～10%[13]。常用的磷脂包括二硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱（1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine，DSPC）和 1,2 - 二油酰 sn - 甘油 - 3 - 磷脂酰乙醇胺（1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoethanolamine，DOPE）等。3）胆固醇（cholesterol）作为关键的结构调节剂，占脂质总量的 30%～45%，通过调节脂质双分子层的堆积密度与膜流动性，增强 LNP 的机械强度。此外，胆固醇能特异性结合血浆中的载脂蛋白 E（apolipoprotein，ApoE），介导 LNP 通过低密度脂蛋白受体（low density lipoprotein receptor，LDLR）途径被肝细胞摄取，这不仅影响细胞摄取效率，也是决定 LNP 在体内器官分布的关键因素。4）聚乙二醇化脂质（PEG-lipids）是 LNP 的表面修饰组分，通过形成水化层产生空间位阻，可有效抑制血浆调理素的吸附，赋予 LNP “隐形” 特性，从而逃逸单核 - 巨噬细胞系统的免疫清除，延长 LNP 在体循环中的半衰期，并维持制剂的胶体稳定性。 LNP 的关键质量属性（critical quality attribute，CQA）具有独特性，如粒径、电荷和表面特性等。LNP 通常呈现出具有电子致密实心核特征的超微结构（见图 1），其体内药代动力学行为与胞内递送效率高度依赖于各脂质组分的理化性质与协同效应。 LNP 制备工艺的稳健性与可扩展性是实现其临床转化与商业化生产的决定性因素。现代 LNP 制备技术的核心理论基础是控制性纳米沉淀原理，即通过将溶解有脂质组分的有机相与含有核酸载荷的酸性水相进行受控混合，利用溶剂极性剧变诱导脂质分子达到过饱和状态，进而通过疏水效应与静电相互作用驱动超分子自组装。目前，微流控技术（microfluidics）是常用的 LNP 制备工艺。微流控芯片利用微米级通道内的层流或混沌对流，实现毫秒级的两相混合，可生产出粒径均一、分布狭窄的 LNP 产品。凭借这种精密控制能力，微流控技术能制备出具有高度单分散性和优异批间一致性的 LNP，同时满足从实验室研发到药品生产质量管理规范（good manufacturing practice，GMP）商业化生产的线性放大需求。该技术可提升 LNP 的均一性和包封效率，有效降低批次间差异性。混合速率是决定 LNP 结构的关键工艺参数。在快速混合（微流控）条件下，LNP 通过 “动力学捕获” 机制形成电子致密的实心结构；在慢速混合条件下，脂质分子自组装过程更易趋向形成囊泡状结构。LNP 自组装过程完成后，下游纯化工艺通常采用切向流超滤技术进行渗滤处理，以去除残留的有机溶剂，并将分散介质置换为生理 pH 缓冲液，以满足后续应用需求。 1.2 脂质纳米粒的作用机制 LNP 递送系统的体内过程是一个多步骤、受多重微环境调控的复杂过程，其核心过程主要包括：体外高效包封、体内稳定循环、靶向识别与细胞内吞、内体逃逸及药物释放与效应发挥，各步骤紧密衔接、协同作用，最终实现药物的高效靶向递送 [9-10]。LNP 的作用机制与其化学组成成分、核 - 壳结构密切相关，各组分在递送的不同步骤发挥不同作用，构成完整协同的递送体系 [14]。其中，内体逃逸是 LNP 实现细胞内高效递送的关键步骤，也是区别于其他非病毒递送载体的核心机制 [12]。图 2 以 LNP 介导的 mRNA 为例，展示其体内递送全过程及内体逃逸分子机制。 1.3 脂质纳米粒的优势与局限性目前先进药物递送载体主要包括脂质体、LNP、病毒载体、细胞载体等。尽管病毒递送系统（如腺相关病毒载体等）在基因治疗产品中应用广泛并取得显著进展，但其有限的装载能力、较强的免疫原性和生产相关问题等阻碍了其研发进展。相较之下，作为非病毒递送载体的 LNP，凭借其独特的组成设计、作用机制与结构特征，在递送效率、重复给药、研究设计、生产工艺等方面均展现出潜在优势，具体如下。1）递送效率与内涵体逃逸机制：LNP 通过空间位阻效应可有效屏蔽核酸酶降解，并突破内涵体逃逸，确保药物能够进入细胞质发挥作用。可电离脂质具备独特的 pKa 可调控性。在内体酸性环境中可电离脂质被质子化，与内体膜的阴离子脂质发生相互作用，促使脂质形成非层状（六角形 HII 相）结构，导致膜破裂并释放核酸有效载荷进入细胞质 [5]。这一基于物理化学相变的逃逸机制，是 COVID-19 mRNA 疫苗 Comirnaty 实现高效抗原表达的分子基础。2）优异的生物相容性：LNP 由具备生物降解性的脂质与内源性代谢物（如胆固醇、磷脂）组装而成，相较于阳离子聚合物或无机纳米材料，具有更宽的安全治疗窗口。经优化的脂质组分可通过机体正常代谢通路快速清除，使剂量限制性毒性（dose-limiting toxicity，DLT）与适应性免疫应答风险降低 [15]。3）组织靶向性：传统 LNP 主要依赖吸附血浆 ApoE 蛋白实现肝脏靶向，而选择性器官靶向（selective organ targeting，SORT）技术通过在配方中引入补充性 SORT 分子，调控 LNP 表面的蛋白冠组成，从而在不改变外观形态的前提下，实现对肺、脾乃至基因编辑难以触达的肝外组织的精准递送 [16]。此外，通过表面偶联配体实现主动靶向策略，可显著提升其在肿瘤微环境中的蓄积与摄取。4）载药范围及应用场景：LNP 具有广谱的适用性，可高效递送核酸药物 [siRNA、mRNA、miRNA、反义寡核苷酸（antisense oligonucleotides，ASO）等]、小分子化合物及蛋白多肽类药物，其载药范围较病毒载体及部分传统非病毒载体更广 [15,17]。5）化学、制造和控制（chemistry，manufacturing and controls，CMC）：通过精确控制流体动力学参数（如总流速、流速比），可在大规模生产中保持 LNP 关键质量属性（如粒径、多分散系数、包封率）的一致性，满足 GMP 对复杂制剂的严格质控要求 [18]。值得注意的是，LNP 递送系统目前确实处于快速发展阶段，当然也存在诸多局限性，而制约了其临床应用拓展，主要包括：1）靶向性局限，非肝脏组织递送效率低；2）免疫原性风险，影响重复给药的安全性与有效性；3）稳定性挑战，对储存与运输条件要求严格；4）质量控制难度大，LNP 的关键质量属性尚未完全标准化；5）长期安全性数据不足，LNP 在体内的蓄积风险仍需进一步验证。 2 脂质纳米粒药物研究进展近年来，LNP 技术在核酸药物递送领域取得显著进展，逐步实现从实验室概念验证到全球大规模临床应用。目前全球已有 4 款基于 LNP 递送系统的药物成功获批上市（见表 1），涵盖 siRNA 药物、mRNA 疫苗等多种类型，在罕见病、感染性疾病等治疗领域实现临床应用，验证了 LNP 作为核酸递送载体的临床成药性与安全性。同时，全球范围内尚有百余个 LNP 类在研药物处于不同临床试验阶段，研发领域涵盖肿瘤、代谢性疾病、神经退行性疾病等多个方向；当前研发趋势聚焦于非肝脏靶向递送、新型脂质材料开发、免疫原性降低等方面。 2.1.1 BNT162b2BNT162b2（商品名：Comirnaty®）是由 Pfizer/BioNTech 公司开发的 COVID-19 mRNA 疫苗，于 2020 年 12 月首次获得美国 FDA 紧急使用授权（emergency use authorization，EUA），并于 2021 年 8 月获得完全的生物制品许可申请（biologics license application，BLA）。BNT162b2 采用含有可电离脂质（ALC-0315）的脂质纳米粒，通过基于微流控原理放大的撞击射流混合技术，实现对核酸的高效包载。BNT162b2 负载的核苷修饰信使核糖核酸（nucleoside-modified messenger RNA，modRNA）经过序列优化，特异性编码带有双脯氨酸突变（S-2P）的融合前稳定构象全长刺突糖蛋白。LNP 可保护 mod 免受胞外核酸酶降解，并通过胞质递送诱导强效的 Th1 偏向性 T 细胞应答及中和抗体产生，同时激活体液免疫与细胞免疫 [19]。临床试验共纳入 43548 名受试者，BNT162b2 在接种两剂后对 COVID-19 的保护效力高达 95%，且在不同年龄、性别及种族亚组中均表现出一致的安全性。Comirnaty® 作为首个获批上市的以 LNP 为递送系统的 mRNA 疫苗，其 CQA 控制、生产工艺以及非临床与临床研究，为后续该类药物的研发提供了重要参考。 2.2.2 mRNA-1273mRNA-1273（商品名：Spikevax®）是由 Moderna 公司开发的另一款基于 LNP 递送系统的 mRNA 疫苗，于 2020 年 12 月获得美国 FDA 的 EUA，并于 2022 年 2 月获得完全的 BLA 批准。该产品采用 SM-102 可电离脂质构建 LNP 载体系统。在一项纳入 30420 名受试者的关键性 Ⅲ 期临床试验中，mRNA-1273 疫苗在完成第 2 剂接种 14d 后，COVID-19 的预防有效率为 93.2%，对重症 COVID-19 的保护效力高达 98.2%[20]。FDA 审评综述资料显示，本品临床研究中考察了从早期剂量探索（Ⅰ 期）至大规模确证性研究（Ⅲ 期）的完整证据链闭环；CMC 研究中，高度关注基于 SM-102 可电离脂质的 LN 自组装工艺的稳健性，并对其 CQAs（如包封率、粒径分布、特定降解杂质等）进行系统评估，为 LNP 复杂制剂工业化生产及质量控制提供参考。 2.2.3 patisiranPatisiran（商品名：Onpattro®）是由 Alnylam 公司开发的美国 FDA 于 2018 年 8 月批准上市的首个 siRNA 药物，用于治疗遗传性转甲状腺素蛋白淀粉样变性（hereditary transthyretin mediated amyloidosis，hATTR）相关的多发性神经病变。Patisiran 采用经临床验证的第 1 代可电离脂质 DLin-MC3-DMA（MC3）构建 LNP 载体，实现对 siRNA 的有效包载。Patisiran 利用 LNP 在血液循环中可吸附内源性 ApoE 的特性，通过与肝细胞表面 LDLR 结合而被内吞进入肝细胞，实现特异性靶向递送，进而在胞质内介导转甲状腺素蛋白（transthyretin，TTR）mRNA 的转录后基因沉默，从而克服了此前 siRNA 难以成药的瓶颈。Ⅲ 期临床试验 APOLLO 研究（n=225）结果显示，patisiran 在改善神经病变损伤评分（mNIS+7）和生活质量评分（Norfolk QoL-DN）方面均显著优于安慰剂 [21]。 2.2.4 mRNA-1345mRNA-1345（商品名：mRESVIA）是由 Moderna 公司研发的美国 FDA 于 2024 年批准上市的全球首款呼吸道合胞病毒（respiratory syncytial virus，RSV）mRNA 疫苗，采用 LNP 递送系统，用于预防 60 岁及以上老年人 RSV 感染。mRNA-1345 采用与 mRNA-1273 相同的 LNP 配方，其可电离脂质为 SM-102，给药途径为肌肉注射。mRNA-1345 编码 RSV 融合蛋白（F 蛋白）的预融合构象，该构象可诱导机体产生高效价的中和抗体。临床试验 CONCERTO 研究结果显示，mRNA-1345 对 60 岁及以上老年人 RSV 感染的保护率可达 83.7%，对严重 RSV 感染的保护率可达 94.1%，且安全性良好，不良反应主要为轻至中度局部反应与全身反应。RSV 是导致老年人与婴幼儿严重呼吸道感染的重要病原体，此前全球尚无获批的 RSV 疫苗，mRNA-1345 的上市不仅填补了这一临床空白，也进一步验证了 LNP 递送 mRNA 疫苗技术在其他感染性疾病中的临床应用潜力，推动了 mRNA 疫苗在流感、带状疱疹、巨细胞病毒等感染性疾病中的研发进程[22]。 2.3 在研脂质纳米粒药物在已上市药物的成功推动下，全球 LNP 类在研药物的研发呈现快速增长、领域拓展、技术优化的趋势，研发企业以 BioNTech、Moderna、Alnylam、赛诺菲、罗氏等国际药企为主，国内药企如石药集团、恒瑞医药、瑞博生物等也在积极布局。LNP 在研药物的治疗领域已从最初的罕见病、感染性疾病，逐步向肿瘤、代谢性疾病（主要包括高胆固醇血症、糖尿病、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎等）及神经退行性疾病等领域拓展，逐渐覆盖更多未满足的临床需求。其中，肿瘤是目前 LNP 在研药物研发最活跃的领域，以 siRNA 和 miRNA 类抗肿瘤药物为主，研发重点聚焦于与免疫检查点抑制剂、化疗、放疗等联合使用，以期提升抗肿瘤治疗效果。神经退行性疾病则是 LNP 在研药物研发的新兴领域，主要针对阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病等疾病，其研发难点与重点在于突破血脑屏障，实现药物向中枢神经系统的高效、靶向递送，目前该领域处于早期临床研究阶段。研究显示，截至 2025 年 10 月，全球在研 LNP 产品临床试验管线已超 500 项（其中肿瘤领域占比最高）[23]，其中 mRNA-LNP 300 余个，siRNA-LNP 150 余个，LNP - 成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列（clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats，CRISPR）基因编辑产品 20~30 个，体内嵌合抗原受体 T 细胞（chimeric antigen recepter T cell，CAR-T）20 余个，LNP 的应用已从 COVID-19 疫苗平台快速拓展至肿瘤疫苗、基因编辑、siRNA 沉默致癌基因、体内 CAR-T 等方向，正逐步成为下一代肿瘤等重大疾病精准治疗的核心递送技术。目前处于临床研发阶段的基于 LNP 递送系统的部分先进治疗产品见表 2。目前已上市 LNP 类药物的主要给药途径为静脉注射与肌肉注射，而在研药物的给药途径正逐步向多样化、局部化方向发展，以提升局部递送效率、降低全身性不良反应、提高患者依从性 [24]，主要给药途径包括吸入给药、皮下注射、瘤内注射、鞘内注射、颅内注射等。口服给药是 LNP 领域研发的难点与热点，通过对 LNP 载体进行表面修饰，提高其在胃肠道中的稳定性，避免被胃酸与消化酶降解，实现核酸药物的口服有效递送，目前仍处于基础研发阶段 [25]。体内嵌合抗原受体 T 细胞（in vivo CAR-T）技术作为细胞治疗领域的新兴策略，利用 LNP 将 CAR mRNA 靶向递送至体内 T 淋巴细胞或自然杀伤（natural killer，NK）细胞，原位生成 CAR-T 细胞，该技术无清淋预处理、制备周期短、成本相对较低，正日益受到关注 [26]。例如 Myeloid Therapeutics 公司的在研品种 MT-302（靶向 TROP2）和 MT-303（靶向 GPC3），利用髓系细胞嗜性 LNP 递送 CAR mRNA，已进入 Ⅰ 期临床试验阶段，初步研究结果显示具有一定的抗肿瘤作用。 3 监管机构相关要求 LNP 递送系统药物的快速研发与临床转化，对全球药品监管体系提出了新的挑战与要求。L 作为复杂的纳米药物，且多与核酸药物等结合，其监管评价既涉及递送载体，也涉及荷载成分本身。目前全球主要国家及地区的药品监管 [（如 FDA、欧洲药品管理局（European Medicines Agency，EMA）、NMPA、日本药品医疗器械综合管理机构（Pharmaceuticals and Medical Device Agency，PMDA 等）] 均未发布专门针对 LNP 药物的指导原则，尚未形成统一的监管要求，而是在一般药物监管要求的基础上，根据 LNP 及其荷载成分的具体特点，进行监管和审评。如 FDA、EMA 及 PMDA，针对 mRNA 疫苗、寡核苷酸类药物等发布了技术指导原则 [27-29]，NMPA 亦发布了部分专项指南，如《新型冠状病毒预防用 mRNA 疫苗药学研究技术指导原则（试行）》《核酸类药物质量控制指导原则》等（见表 3）。LNP 是纳米药物的一种重要载体，纳米技术的最新进展也推动了 LNP 的研发。此前，为规范和指导纳米药物研究与评价，在 NMPA 的部署下，CDE 于 2021 年 8 月发布了纳米药物质量控制、非临床药代动力学、安全性评价研究 3 项指导原则 [30-32]，建立了纳米药物药学和非临床评价的技术要求。然而基于 2019—2021 年开展纳米药物监管研究时该类药物尚处于早期开发阶段，因此该 3 项指导原则适用范围并未涵盖 LNP 药物。尽管如此，该 3 项指导原则所提出的纳米药物总体研究思路可作为参考，尤其需基于纳米药物特殊的纳米尺度效应和纳米结构效应等理化特性而带来的特殊生物学特性，进行针对性的研究和表征，并遵循具体问题具体分析的原则。 4 结语与展望 LNP 作为新一代非病毒药物递送系统，凭借其独特的组成设计、高效的递送机制及良好的生物相容性，成功突破了生物大分子药物的递送瓶颈，成为核酸药物等 ATMPs 主要递送系统，在递送效率、重复给药能力、可放大性、易制性等方面显示出潜在优势。然而，目前 LNP 技术仍存在靶向性局限、免疫原性风险、稳定性挑战、质量控制标准化不足、模型构建难度大等诸多问题。同时，全球主要国家 / 地区对 LNP 药物的监管框架仍在不断建立与完善，以应对这类药物面临的复杂挑战。目前人工智能（artificial intelligence，AI）的迅速发展，加速了 LNP 的合理设计和优化，为提升其治疗效果和转化潜力创造了新机遇，如通过构建和训练深度学习模型，研究人员可预测多种脂质结构的 mRNA 递送能力，从而筛选出具有优异性能的新脂质结构 [33]。“抗体捕获型” LNP 平台利用基因工程改造的 Fc 特异性纳米抗体（TP1107）为 “分子魔术贴”，能在 LNP 表面以最优取向锚定未经任何化学修饰的抗体，实现一步法、高通量的靶向 mRNA 递送 [34]。基于 mRNA-4157 在黑色素瘤辅助治疗中的有效性 [35] 及胰腺癌新抗原疫苗诱导长效 T 细胞应答的突破性进展 [36]，未来研发可聚焦于构建模块化 LNP 递送系统。为突破单一疗法的耐药瓶颈，可开发多负载共递送系统，通过在同一 LNP 递送系统中实现 mRNA 与免疫检查点抑制剂、siRNA 或基因编辑工具的共包载，利用多通路协同机制重塑免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境（tumor micro environment，TME），克服肿瘤异质性，从而提升临床疗效 [37]。未来，随着新型可降解、低免疫原性、高组织靶向性的新型脂质材料研发，主动靶向、智能靶向技术的创新，制备工艺的规模化升级，LNP 递送系统有望克服现有局限，实现靶向精准化、功能多样化、给药便捷化的跨越，向多功能协同递送、联合治疗方向发展 [38]。同时，LNP 的临床应用将更加关注特殊人群，包括老年人、儿童、孕妇、肝肾功能不全患者、肿瘤患者等，通过剂量优化、配方定制、给药方案调整，实现个体化治疗，为未满足的临床需求提供全新解决方案。结合我国 LNP 技术的发展现状与本土化需求，考虑到 LNP 药物的特殊性及前沿性，在药物研发过程中，鼓励申请人就试验策略、设计、结果分析等与审评机构沟通交流，以推动国内 LNP 药物的高质量研发与产业发展，为更多患者能够尽早获得安全、有效的药物治疗作出贡献。参考文献： [1] 国家药品监督管理局药品审评中心。先进治疗药品的范围、归类和释义 (征求意见稿)[EB/OL]. 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[29] European Medicines Agency. Guideline on quality, non-clinical and clinical requirements for investigational advanced therapy medicinal products in clinical trials[EB/OL]. (2025-01-20)[2025-12-10]. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/scientific-guideline/guideline-quality-non-clinical-clinical-requirements-investigational-advanced-therapy-medicinal-products-clinical-trials_en.pdf. [30] 国家药品监督管理局药品审评中心。纳米药物质量控制研究技术指导原则 (试行)[EB/OL]. (2021-08-26) [2025-12-10]. https://www.cde.org.cn/main/att/download/932f7130ed4b4b075e54ab15e8d3ada2. [31] 国家药品监督管理局药品审评中心。纳米药物非临床药代动力学研究技术指导原则 (试行)[EB/OL]. (2021-08-26) [2025-12-10]. https://www.cde.org.cn/main/att/download/3e8bf40b628a998a1f254ab265e179ce. [32] 国家药品监督管理局药品审评中心。纳米药物非临床安全性研究技术指导原则 (试行)[EB/OL]. (2021-08-26) [2025-12-10]. https://www.cde.org.cn/main/att/download/bc8d3fbe4848edae1c48a84a145650e5. [33] Witten J, Raji I, Manan R S, et al. Artificial intelligence-guided design of lipid nanoparticles for pulmonary gene therapy[J]. Nat Biotechnol, 2025, 43(11): 1790-1799. [34] Chen M, Yuen D, McLeod V M, et al. A versatile antibody capture system drives specific in vivo delivery of mRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles[J]. Nat Nanotechnol, 2025, 20(9): 1273-1284. [35] Weber J S, Carlino M S, Khattak A, et al. Individualised neoantigen therapy mRNA-4157 (V940) plus pembrolizumab versus pembrolizumab monotherapy in resected melanoma (KEYNOTE-942): a randomised, phase 2b study[J]. Lancet, 2024, 403(10427): 632-644. [36] Rojas L A, Sethna Z, Soares K C, et al. Personalized RNA neoantigen vaccines stimulate T cells in pancreatic cancer[J]. Nature, 2023, 618(7963): 144-150. [37] Fernandes S, Cassani M, Cavalieri F, et al. Emerging strategies for immunotherapy of solid tumors using lipid-based nanoparticles[J]. Adv Sci (Weinh), 2024, 11(8): e2305769. [38] Yu M Z, Wang N N, Zhu J Q, et al. The clinical expansion and challenges of mRNA vaccines[J]. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol, 2023, 15(5): e1894. 本文引文格式：付淑军,朱含,陆惠平,等.脂质纳米粒在先进治疗药品中的应用进展[J].药学进展,2026,50(2):115-124.DOI:10.20053/j.issn1001-5094.202601060027. 美编排版：金霆辉感谢您阅读《药学进展》微信平台原创好文，也欢迎各位读者转载、引用。本文选自《药学进展》2026年第 2 期。《药学进展》杂志由教育部主管、中国药科大学主办，中国科技核心期刊（中国科技论文统计源期刊）。刊物以反映药学科研领域的新方法、新成果、新进展、新趋势为宗旨，以综述、评述、行业发展报告为特色，以药学学科进展、技术进展、新药研发各环节技术信息为重点，是一本专注于医药科技前沿与产业动态的专业媒体。《药学进展》注重内容策划、加强组稿约稿、深度挖掘、分析药学信息资源、在药学学科进展、科研思路方法、靶点机制探讨、新药研发报告、临床用药分析、国际医药前沿等方面初具特色；特别是医药信息内容以科学前沿与国家战略需求相合，更加突出前瞻性、权威性、时效性、新颖性、系统性、实战性。根据最新统计数据，刊物篇均下载率连续三年蝉联我国医药期刊榜首，复合影响因子1.311，具有较高的影响力。《药学进展》编委会由国家重大专项化学药总师陈凯先院士担任主编，编委由新药研发技术链政府监管部门、高校科研院所、制药企业、临床医院、CRO、金融资本及知识产权相关机构近两百位极具影响力的专家组成。联系《药学进展》↓↓↓ 编辑部官网：pps.cpu.edu.cn；邮箱：yxjz@163.com；电话：025-83271227。欢迎投稿、订阅！往期推荐聚焦“第七届药学前沿学术论坛暨《药学进展》编委会会议” 聚力前沿赛道，共启学术新程：第七届药学前沿学术论坛在南京隆重启幕承学术匠心，启时代新章：《药学进展》第七届编委会、第三届青年编委会成立大会在宁召开聚焦“兴药为民·2023生物医药创新融合发展大会”“兴药为民·2023生物医药创新融合发展大会”盛大启幕！院士专家齐聚杭城，绘就生物医药前沿赛道新蓝图“兴药强刊”青年学者论坛暨《药学进展》第二届青年编委会议成功召开“兴药为民·2023生物医药创新融合发展大会”路演专场圆满收官！校企合作新旅程已启航我知道你在看哟

2026-05-31

·北京医学感染与传染研究

临床传染病学 82卷1-5期、增刊1-2、4期

Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue 1 临床传染病学 82卷1期 https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/ ID Art Through the Ages（穿越时代的传染病学技艺） 1 Peasants' Revolt, 1381 1381年农民起义 Mary Grizzard and Michael Grizzard Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Page i, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf692 In the Literature（文献概览） 2 In the Literature 文献概览 Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages ii–iii, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf631 State-of-the-Art Review（最新技术综述） 3 State-of-the-Art Review: Diagnosis and Management of Acute and Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis 最新技术综述：急性和慢性细菌性前列腺炎的诊断与治疗 Prathit A Kulkarni and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf483 Clinical Dilemmas in Infectious Diseases（传染病临床难题） 4 “Insisting on Treatment” “坚持治疗” Kevin Andrew Smith and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 14–18, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf282 Voices of ID（传染病之声） 5 Martin Arrowsmith and Me 马丁·阿罗史密斯与我 Janet R Gilsdorf Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 19–20, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf277 Invited Commentary（特邀述评） 6 The 2025 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Nonoccupational HIV Postexposure Prophylaxis Guidelines: Updated Regimens and Remaining Questions 2025年美国疾病控制与预防中心非职业性艾滋病毒暴露后预防指南：更新方案及遗留问题 Lao-Tzu Allan-Blitz and Kenneth H Mayer Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 21–24, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf567 Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship（抗菌药物耐药性与管控） 7 Modeling the Impact and Cost of a Culture-Dependent Molecular Test for Antimicrobial Resistance in Resource-Limited Settings 资源有限环境下，基于培养的分子检测法对抗菌药物耐药性的影响和成本建模 Joshua M Chevalier and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 25–32, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf236 8 The Xpert MTB/RIF Cycle Threshold Value Predicts Mycobacterium tuberculosis Transmission to Close Contacts in a Brazilian Prospective Multicenter Cohort 巴西一项前瞻性多中心队列研究中Xpert MTB/RIF循环阈值可预测结核分枝杆菌在密切接触者中的传播 Leandro S Garcia and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 33–41, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad794 9 Beyond Diagnosis: Xpert Cycle Threshold Values as Predictors of Tuberculosis Transmission 超越诊断：Xpert循环阈值作为结核病传播的预测指标 Lauren Linde and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 42–43, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad791 10 First Report of Treatment-Emergent Resistance to Cefepime-Zidebactam in Pseudomonas aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌在头孢吡肟-齐德巴坦治疗中出现耐药性的首例报告 Ava J Dorazio and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 44–48, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf638 Clinical Practice and Policy（临床实践与政策） 11 Sputum and Tongue Swab Molecular Testing for the In-Home Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Unselected Household Contacts: A Cost and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis 痰液和舌拭子分子检测用于未筛选家庭接触者结核病居家诊断的成本及成本效益分析 Charl Bezuidenhout and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 49–57, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf389 12 You’ve Got a Friend in Me: Curbside Questions Infectious Diseases Clinicians Ask Infectious Diseases Pharmacists 我是你的朋友：传染病临床医生向传染病药剂师咨询的即兴问题 Matthew R Davis and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 58–61, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf250 13 Home Testing for Contagious Illness: Historical Context and Modern Caveats 传染性疾病居家检测：历史背景与现代注意事项 Abigail Zuger Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 62–66, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf623 Fungal Infections（真菌感染） 14 Evaluating the Use of Lower Dose Flucytosine for the Treatment of Cryptococcal Meningitis: A Clinical Trial 评估低剂量氟胞嘧啶治疗隐球菌性脑膜炎的临床试验 Morris K Rutakingirwa and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 67–74, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf432 15 Association Between Duration of Candidemia and Clinical and Healthcare Resource Utilization Outcomes Among Hospitalized Adult Patients With Candidemia Who Received Empiric Treatment With an Echinocandin Across United States Hospitals 美国各医院中接受棘白菌素经验性治疗的念珠菌血症成年住院患者中，念珠菌血症持续时间与临床和医疗资源利用结局之间的关联 Thomas P Lodise and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 75–85, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf472 16 Aspergillosis-Attributable Mortality in the United States: Analysis of Death Certificate Data 美国隐球菌病导致的死亡率分析：基于死亡证明数据 Thomas J Walsh and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 86–92, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf653 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 17 Outcomes of Critical Illness in People With Advanced HIV Disease: 30 Years of Binational Data 晚期艾滋病患者危重症结局：30年的双国数据 Bryan Tan and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 93–99, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf362 18 Phase 2 Trial of Long-Acting Cabotegravir and VRC07-523LS for Viral Suppression in Adults With HIV-1: ACTG A5357 长效卡博特韦和VRC07-523LS用于HIV-1感染成人病毒抑制的2期试验：ACTG A5357 Babafemi O Taiwo and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 100–108, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf375 19 Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Long-Acting Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine in a National Cohort of People With HIV-1: First Results From the ANRS-MIE CARLAPOP Study 全国HIV-1感染者队列中长效卡博特韦和利匹韦林的治疗药物监测：ANRS-MIE CARLAPOP研究的首批结果 Nadège Néant and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 109–118, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf385 20 Is Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Long-Acting Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine of Clinical Utility? 长效卡博特韦和利匹韦林的治疗药物监测是否具有临床实用性？ Catia Marzolini Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 119–121, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf386 21 Efficacy and Safety of Dual Therapy With Dolutegravir/Lamivudine in Treatment-naive Persons With CD4 Counts <200/mm3: 48-Week Results of the DOLCE Study 多替拉韦/拉米夫定双药治疗在CD4计数<200/mm³的初治患者中的疗效和安全性：DOLCE研究48周结果 Maria Ines Figueroa and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 122–131, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf415 22 DOLCE: Sweet Success for Dolutegravir/Lamivudine? DOLCE研究：多替拉韦/拉米夫定双药治疗是否取得完美成功？ Laura J Waters Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 132–133, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf416 Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology（感染控制与医院流行病学） 23 Real-Time Genomic Surveillance for Enhanced Healthcare Outbreak Detection and Control: Clinical and Economic Impact 实时基因组监测用于加强医疗保健机构疫情检测与控制：临床与经济影响 Alexander J Sundermann and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 134–141, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf216 24 Patient Perspectives Regarding Different Contact Precaution Policies for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Across Two Hospitals: Patients Are in Favor of Contact Precautions 两家医院患者对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌不同接触预防政策的态度：患者支持接触预防措施 Nicholas F Angelino and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 142–144, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf330 Photo Quiz（影像问答） 25 The Clue That Wriggled into View 蜿蜒入目的线索 Nitin Gupta and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 145–147, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf427 Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology（感染控制与医院流行病学） 26 Comparing Generative Artificial Intelligence vs Experts for Detection of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection 比较生成式人工智能与专家在导管相关尿路感染检测中的应用 Shatha Alshanqeeti and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 148–150, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf486 Sexually Transmitted Infections（性传播感染） 27 Viability of Chlamydia trachomatis in Different Anatomical Sites—a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis 不同解剖部位沙眼衣原体的存活能力——系统综述和荟萃分析 Arthur Wong and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 151–158, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae401 Photo Quiz（影像问答） 28 A 46-Year-Old With Persistent Altered Mental Status and Respiratory Failure 一例46岁患者持续出现意识状态改变伴呼吸衰竭 Ann F Yang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 159–161, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf439 Sexually Transmitted Infections（性传播感染） 29 Mpox in People With HIV: Predictors of Diagnosis, Outcomes, and Vaccine Effectiveness in a Multisite Cohort HIV感染者中的猴痘：多站点队列中诊断、预后和疫苗有效性的预测因素 Michalina Montaño and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 162–172, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae464 30 Development and Evaluation of a Novel Algorithm to Identify Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis Users at a Large Healthcare System in the Bronx, New York 开发和评估一种新型算法，用于识别纽约布朗克斯区一家大型医疗系统中多西环素暴露后预防用药者 Caroline E Mullis and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 173–176, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf109 31 Evidence-Informed Provision of Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis for Prevention of Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections 为预防细菌性性传播感染提供基于证据的多西环素暴露后预防用药 Julia C Dombrowski and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 177–184, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae527 Bacterial Infections（细菌性感染） 32 Long-term Mortality Trends Among Individuals With Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Individuals Diagnosed With Tuberculosis in Brazil 巴西结核病患者的长期死亡率趋势：一项针对巴西结核病诊断患者的回顾性队列研究 Sun Kim and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e1–e8, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf206 33 Clinical and Microbiological Characteristics of Meningococcal Eye Infections: Retrospective National Surveillance in England, 2010–2022 脑膜炎球菌眼部感染的临床和微生物学特征：2010 - 2022年英格兰全国回顾性监测 Stephen A Clark and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e9–e16, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf274 34 Does Piperacillin-Tazobactam Increase Mortality Risk Compared With Cefepime? Collider Bias and the Importance of Assumptions in Instrumental Variable Analyses 与头孢吡肟相比，哌拉西林-他唑巴坦是否会增加死亡率风险？工具变量分析中的混杂偏倚和假设的重要性 Fergus Hamilton and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e17–e23, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf317 COVID-19 / SARS COV-2（新冠肺炎/严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型） 35 Efficacy and Safety of Obeldesivir in High-Risk Nonhospitalized Patients With COVID-19 (BIRCH): A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study 奥贝德西韦在高危非住院COVID-19患者（BIRCH研究）中的疗效和安全性：一项3期、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照研究 Anca Streinu-Cercel and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e24–e32, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf406 36 Retreatment With Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Following Return of COVID-19 Symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 Positivity COVID-19症状复发且SARS-CoV-2检测呈阳性后使用奈玛特韦/利托那韦重新治疗 Wuyan Zhang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e33–e40, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf548 Emerging Infections(新兴感染) 37 “I Didn’t Know Him Before the Pandemic… Now He's on My Speed Dial”: Strengthening Collaboration Between Infectious Diseases Physicians and State and Local Public Health for Future Public Health Emergencies “疫情前我并不认识他……现在他已是我的快速拨号对象”：加强传染病医生与州和地方公共卫生部门在未来突发公共卫生事件中的合作 Diana Valencia and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e41–e46, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf179 38 Identification of and Response to Influenza A(H5) in Off-the-Shelf Raw Milk—Santa Clara County, California, November–December 2024 2024年11 - 12月加利福尼亚州圣克拉拉县在现成生牛奶中检出甲型流感（H5）病毒及应对措施 Alessandra Løchen and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e47–e48, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf420 39 The Indispensable Value of Small-Molecule Antivirals in Epidemic and Pandemic Preparedness 小分子抗病毒药物在流行病和大流行病防范中的不可或缺价值 Ruxandra Draghia-Akli and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e49–e55, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf476 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 40 Increasing HIV Testing During Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Evaluations in Urgent Care and Emergency Departments: A Large Health System Initiative 在紧急护理和急诊科进行淋病和衣原体检测时增加HIV检测：一项大型医疗系统倡议 Allan M Seibert and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e56–e67, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf434 41 Clinical Predictors and Incidence of Kaposi Sarcoma Among Males With HIV in the Treat-All Era in the United States and Canada 美国和加拿大“全员治疗”时代男性HIV感染者卡波西肉瘤的临床预测因素和发病率 Sally B Coburn and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e68–e77, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf446 42 Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors for Treatment-experienced Young Adults With Perinatal HIV in the US: Immunologic, Virologic, and Anthropometric Outcomes 美国接受过治疗的围产期感染HIV的年轻成人使用整合酶链转移抑制剂的免疫学、病毒学和人体测量学结果 Kunjal Patel and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e78–e88, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf538 43 Win Ratio Aligns With and Enhances Interpretation of REPRIEVE's Primary Findings Win比值与REPRIEVE研究的主要发现一致并增强了其解释性 Emma Davies Smith and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e89–e92, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf477 44 The Critical Importance of Clinical Use Case to Inform Point-of-Care Technology Development: A Case Study of HIV Nucleic Acid Assays in the United States 临床应用案例对于指导即时检测技术开发的重要性：以美国HIV核酸检测为例 Yukari C Manabe and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e93–e99, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf510 Mycobacterial Infections（分枝杆菌感染） 45 Body Mass Index and Incident Tuberculosis in Close Tuberculosis Contacts 结核密切接触者中体重指数与新发结核病的关系 María B Arriaga and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e100–e109, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf475 46 The Role of Youths in Within-Household Tuberculosis Transmission: A Household Contact Cohort Study 青年在家庭内结核病传播中的作用：一项家庭接触队列研究 Meredith B Brooks and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e110–e118, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf490 47 Cost-effectiveness of Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing for Tuberculosis Drug-resistance Testing as an Alternative to the Standard of Care in South Africa 南非以靶向下一代测序作为结核病耐药检测标准护理方案的替代方案的成本效益分析 Alexandra de Nooy and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e119–e125, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf495 48 Xpert MTB/RIF Cycle Threshold as a Marker of Tuberculosis (TB) Disease Severity: Implications for TB Treatment Stratification Xpert MTB/RIF循环阈值作为结核病（TB）疾病严重程度的标志物：对结核病治疗分层的启示 Daniel J Grint and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e126–e134, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf527 49 The Role of β-Lactam Antibiotics in Treating Mycobacterium abscessus: From Laboratory Insights to Clinical Applications and the Case for Clinical Trials β-内酰胺类抗生素在治疗脓肿分枝杆菌中的作用：从实验室见解到临床应用及开展临床试验的必要性 Khalid M Dousa and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e135–e145, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf547 Pediatric and Maternal Infectious Diseases（儿科与孕产妇传染病） 50 Efficacy, Immunogenicity, and Safety of an Investigational Maternal Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Protein–Based Vaccine 一种研究性孕产妇呼吸道合胞病毒融合前F蛋白疫苗的疗效、免疫原性和安全性 Peyman Banooni and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e146–e155, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf033 51 Hepatotoxicity Among People With HIV and Receiving Isoniazid Preventive Therapy in Pregnancy and Postpartum: The Role of Antiretroviral Regimen and Pharmacogenetics HIV感染者在孕期和产后接受异烟肼预防性治疗时的肝毒性：抗逆转录病毒治疗方案和药物基因组学的作用 Grace Montepiedra and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e156–e164, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf198 52 Transplacental Transfer of Lumefantrine, Mefloquine, and Piperaquine: A Comparison of Concentrations in Mothers, Neonates, and Cord Blood 青蒿素、甲氟喹和哌喹的胎盘转运：母亲、新生儿和脐带血中浓度的比较 Makoto Saito and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e165–e173, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf552 53 Why Did the Antimalarial Drug Cross the Placenta? 抗疟药为何要穿过胎盘？ Stephen J Rogerson and Holger W Unger Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e174–e175, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf553 Viral Infections（病毒性传染病） 54 Kinetics and Predictors of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Loss After Commencing Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)–Active Antiretroviral Therapy in the Setting of HIV and Chronic HBV Coinfection HIV和慢性乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）共感染患者开始使用HBV活性抗逆转录病毒治疗后乙型肝炎表面抗原消失的动力学和预测因素 Jennifer Audsley and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e176–e184, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf281 55 Secondary Pneumococcal Disease in Veterans With Viral Respiratory Infections 患有病毒性呼吸道感染退伍军人的继发性肺炎球菌病 Lauren A Powers and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e185–e190, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf285 Correspondence（读者来信） 56 Unveiling Latent Risk Patterns in Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteremia: A Deeper Look at Pathogen-Specific Mortality 揭示抗菌药物耐药性菌血症中的潜在风险模式：深入探究病原体特异性死亡率 Yuan-Ti Lee and Shiuan-Chih Chen Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Page e191, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf493 57 Resistance to Antibiotics With High Empiric Treatment Relevance Explains Attributable Mortality Across 110 Pathogen-antibiotic Combinations 对经验性治疗具有高度相关性的抗生素耐药性可解释110种病原体 - 抗生素组合的归因死亡率 Kevin A Brown and Nick Daneman Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e191–e192, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf494 58 Culture Clash: Dual-Pathogen Endocarditis and the Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Studies We Need 文化冲突：双病原体心内膜炎以及我们所需的宏基因组下一代测序研究 Carl Boodman and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e193–e195, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf518 59 Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing and Cardiovascular Infections: Promise and Pitfalls of Polymicrobial Detection 宏基因组下一代测序与心血管感染：多微生物检测的前景与陷阱 Sarwat Khalil and M Rizwan Sohail Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Page e196, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf519 60 It Is Time to Go Beyond the Association Between Colistin and Meropenem for Invasive Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infections 是时候超越多粘菌素和美罗培南联合治疗侵袭性碳青霉烯耐药鲍曼不动杆菌感染了 Alberto Enrico Maraolo and Giancarlo Ceccarelli Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e197–e198, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf533 61 Actually, It May be Time to Return to Colistin and Meropenem in Some Patients Infected With Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) 实际上，对于某些感染碳青霉烯耐药鲍曼不动杆菌（CRAB）的患者，或许是时候重新使用多粘菌素和美罗培南了 Jason M Pogue and Keith S Kaye Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e198–e199, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf534 62 COVID-19 and Bacterial Pneumonia: Protective Effect or Diagnostic Bias? COVID-19和细菌性肺炎：保护作用还是诊断偏差？ Duygu Aydın and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Page e200, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf539 63 Secondary Pneumococcal Disease in Veterans With Viral Respiratory Infections: A Follow Up 患有病毒性呼吸道感染退伍军人的继发性肺炎球菌病：后续研究 John C Hu and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e200–e201, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf540 64 Long-Acting Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine in Viremic People With HIV: Bumpy Road to Perfection 长效卡博特韦/利匹韦林用于病毒载量阳性的HIV感染者：通往完美的坎坷之路 Beatrice Barda and Marco Bongiovanni Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e201–e202, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf482 65 Beyond the Sequence: Operationalizing Whole-Genome Sequencing for Real-time Infection Control in Low- and Middle-Income-Country Healthcare Settings Healthcare Settings 超越序列：在中低收入国家医疗环境中实际应用全基因组测序进行实时感染控制 Schawanya Kaewpitoon Rattanapitoon and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e202–e203, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf535 66 Reassessing Adherence Trajectories in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Recovery Advantage and Hidden Biases 重新评估耐多药结核病的依从性轨迹：康复优势和隐藏偏差 Shiuan-Chih Chen and Chun-Chieh Chen Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e203–e204, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf536 67 Metagenomic Sequencing of Blood Culture Broth for Diagnosing Fastidious Endocarditis 血培养肉汤宏基因组测序用于诊断苛养性心内膜炎 Po-Hsiu Huang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e204–e205, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf554 Corrections（更正） 68 Correction to: Secondary Pneumococcal Disease in Veterans With Viral Respiratory Infections 《患有病毒性呼吸道感染退伍军人的继发性肺炎球菌病》更正 Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Page e206, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf572 69 Correction to: Treatment Outcomes With an Oral Short Course Regimen for Rifampicin-resistant Tuberculosis in a High HIV Prevalence, Programmatic Setting in South Africa 《南非高HIV流行率、项目化环境中口服短程利福平耐药结核病治疗方案的治疗结果》更正 Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Page e207, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf711 Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue Supplement_1 临床传染病学 82卷增刊1期 https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/82/Supplement_1 SUPPLEMENT（增刊） Laboratory and Point-of-care Testing to Detect Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Review of the Available Evidence 实验室及即时检测技术用于检测沙眼衣原体和淋病奈瑟菌：现有证据综述 SUPPLEMENT ARTICLES（增刊论著） 1 Evidence Review for Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidance Development on the Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae 美国疾病控制与预防中心沙眼衣原体和淋病奈瑟菌检测指南制定证据综述 Amanda C Smith and Ellen N Kersh Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_1, 15 February 2026, Pages S1–S5, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf665 2 Narrative Review of Chlamydia trachomatis Culture, Viability Testing, and Sequencing Methods 沙眼衣原体培养、活性检测及测序方法的叙述性综述 Alana K Sterkel and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_1, 15 February 2026, Pages S6–S12, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf697 3 Culture and Identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: A Narrative Review of Current Laboratory Methods 淋病奈瑟菌培养与鉴定：当前实验室方法叙述性综述 Olusegun O Soge and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_1, 15 February 2026, Pages S13–S18, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf698 4 Review of the Performance of Laboratory-Based Molecular Diagnostics for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae 实验室分子诊断技术检测沙眼衣原体和淋病奈瑟菌的性能综述 Megan Crumpler and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_1, 15 February 2026, Pages S19–S35, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf696 5 Review of Methods for Detecting Antimicrobial Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae 淋病奈瑟菌抗菌药物耐药性检测方法综述 Kara K Mitchell and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_1, 15 February 2026, Pages S36–S42, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf706 6 Point-of-care Tests for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Review of the Literature 沙眼衣原体和淋病奈瑟菌即时检测技术文献综述 Yukari C Manabe and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_1, 15 February 2026, Pages S43–S51, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf699 Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue 2 临床传染病学 82卷 2期 https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/ ID Art Through the Ages（穿越时代的传染病技艺） 1 Interior of the Old Jersey Prison Ship in the Revolutionary War 美国革命战争中老泽西监狱船的内部景象 Mary Grizzard and Michael Grizzard Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Page i, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf693 In the Literature（本期精选） 2 In the Literature 本期精选 Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages ii–v, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag011 IDSA 2025 Collections Editorial（美国传染病学会2025年专题合集社论） 3 2025 Content Collections from the IDSA Journals IDSA期刊2025年内容合集 Roger Bedimo and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 185–186, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag041 State-of-the-Art Review（前沿综述） 4 State-of-the-Art Review: Chagas Disease—an Enduring Challenge 前沿综述：恰加斯病——一个持续存在的挑战 Nelson Iván Agudelo Higuita and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 187–205, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf654 IDSA Features（美国传染病学会特色内容） 5 Policy Recommendations to Support Equitable Access to Long-Acting Injectables for HIV Prevention and Treatment: A Policy Paper of the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the HIV Medicine Association 支持公平获取用于艾滋病毒预防和治疗的长效注射剂的政策建议：美国传染病学会与艾滋病毒医学协会的政策文件 Julia L Marcus and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 206–211, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae648 Voices of ID（传染病之声） 6 A “Terminal Infection” “绝症感染” Jennifer Furin Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 212–214, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf332 Invited Commentary（特邀评论） 7 A Rapid Test to Differentiate Viral From Bacterial Infections: Searching for the Holy Grail 区分病毒与细菌感染的快速检测：寻找“圣杯” Lao-Tzu Allan-Blitz and Jeffrey D Klausner Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 215–218, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf585 Bacterial Infections（细菌感染） 8 Nonoperative Versus Neurosurgical Treatment of Brain Abscess: An Emulated Trial Nested Within a Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort 脑脓肿的非手术治疗与神经外科治疗：一项基于全国人群队列的模拟试验 Emilie Marie Eriksen and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 219–227, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf304 9 What Is the Impact of Anti-Enterococcal Empirical Therapy on Survival of Patients With Enterococcal Bloodstream Infections? 抗肠球菌经验性治疗对肠球菌血流感染患者生存率的影响是什么？ Linda Bussini and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 228–237, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf323 10 Adjunctive Fosfomycin for the Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Pooled Post Hoc Analysis of Individual Participant Data From 2 Randomized Trials 辅助使用磷霉素治疗金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症：两项随机试验个体参与者数据的汇总事后分析 Francesc Escrihuela-Vidal and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 238–245, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf387 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 11 Kinetics of Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Resistance-associated Mutations in HIV-1 Proviral Cellular Reservoirs in Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor-experienced Persons 在接受过非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂治疗的HIV-1感染者中，非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂耐药相关突变在HIV-1前病毒细胞储存库中的动力学 Thomas Drumel and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 246–251, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf430 12 Impact of Different Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors on Body Mass Index Among People With HIV Who Newly Started Antiretroviral Therapy in Shenzhen, China: A Real-World Data Analysis 中国深圳新开始抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV感染者使用不同整合酶链转移抑制剂对体重指数的影响：一项现实数据分析 Lukun Zhang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 252–261, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf466 13 Consequences of Stopping Antiretroviral Treatment in a Persistently Seronegative Individual with HIV-1 HIV-1持续血清阴性个体停止抗逆转录病毒治疗的后果 Marc Wirden and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 262–264, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf422 14 Approaches to the Management of Virologic Failure on Dolutegravir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy in the 50 Countries With the Highest Adult HIV Prevalence 在成人HIV患病率最高的50个国家中，多替拉韦为基础的抗逆转录病毒治疗出现病毒学失败的治疗方法 Cameron T Nutt and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 265–273, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf444 Mycobacterial Infections（结核分枝杆菌感染） 15 Retrospective Cohort Analysis for Identification of Discordant Rifampicin-resistant Xpert MTB/RIF Assay Results in South Kivu, Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, a High Burden Tuberculosis Setting 刚果民主共和国东部南基伍这一结核病高负荷地区，识别利福平耐药不一致的Xpert MTB/RIF检测结果的回顾性队列分析 Bertin C Bisimwa and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 274–281, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf451 16 Prevention of Tuberculosis in Patients Treated With Biological Therapies: 20 Years' Experience in a Specialized Tuberculosis Clinic in a Low-prevalence Country 生物疗法治疗患者中结核病的预防：某低流行国家一个专科结核病诊所20年的经验 Sandra Pérez-Recio and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 282–290, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf491 17 Reducing Household Tuberculosis Transmission: A Pilot Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial 减少家庭内结核病传播：一项试点整群随机对照试验 Cinthya Ruiz-Tagle and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 291–298, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf526 18 (Un)masking Tuberculosis （揭开）结核病的“面具” Joseph N Burzynski and Neil W Schluger Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 299–300, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf528 19 Estimating the Accuracy and Additionality of TB-LAM to Diagnose TB in Children Without HIV (AccuLAM) 评估TB-LAM在无HIV儿童中诊断结核病的准确性和额外价值（AccuLAM） Lucía CarratalàCastro and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 301–303, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf525 Sexually Transmitted Infections（性传播感染） 20 Potential Impact of Doxycycline Post-exposure Prophylaxis Prescribing Strategies on Incidence of Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections 多西环素暴露后预防用药策略对细菌性性传播感染发病率的影响 Michael W Traeger and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 304–311, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad488 21 Filling in the Gaps: Updates on Doxycycline Prophylaxis for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections 填补空白：多西环素预防细菌性性传播感染的最新进展 Aniruddha Hazra and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 312–320, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae062 22 Reported Neurologic Manifestations Among Persons With Syphilis by Stage of Infection—12 States, 2019–2022 2019-2022年12个州按感染阶段划分的梅毒患者报告的神经系统表现 Sarah B Wondmeneh and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 321–325, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf015 Viral Infections（病毒性感染） 23 Investigating the Role of Cytomegalovirus as a Cause of Stillbirths and Child Deaths in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Through Postmortem Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling 通过死后微创组织采样，调查巨细胞病毒在低收入和中等收入国家死胎和儿童死亡原因中的作用 Sithembiso Velaphi and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 326–336, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf098 Photo Quiz（影像问答） 24 Bursting at the Seams “撑破” Maxwell Olenski and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 337–340, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf488 Viral Infections（病毒性感染） 25 Clinical and Epidemiological Investigation of Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Type 2 Outbreak in Pakistan During 2019–2021 2019-2021年巴基斯坦2型疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒疫情的临床和流行病学调查 Nayab Mehmood and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 341–351, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf151 26 Inactivated Polio Vaccine Must Be an Essential Part of Polio Eradication 灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗必须是根除脊髓灰质炎的重要组成部分 Konstantin Chumakov and Stanley A Plotkin Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 352–353, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf215 Photo Quiz（影像问答） 27 Intracranial Lesion in a Patient With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia 慢性髓性白血病患者颅内病变 Mohammed Shakeel Sillat and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 354–357, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf441 Viral Infections（病毒性感染） 28 Respiratory Syncytial Virus Co-Detection With Other Respiratory Viruses Is Not Significantly Associated With Worse Clinical Outcomes Among Children Aged <2 Years: New Vaccine Surveillance Network, 2016–2020 在<2岁的婴幼儿中，呼吸道合胞病毒与其他呼吸道病毒共同检测与临床预后恶化无显著关联：2016-2020年新疫苗监测网络数据 Justin Z Amarin and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 358–365, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf194 29 Transfer of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Specific T Cells in a Pediatric Patient Post-HSCT With Severe, Acyclovir-resistant HSV-1 Infection 一例异基因造血干细胞移植后严重、阿昔洛韦耐药的单纯疱疹病毒1型（HSV-1）感染患儿的HSV-1特异性T细胞的输注 Astrid Wintering and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 366–369, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf125 Clinical Trials（临床实验） 30 Interferon-α Nasal Spray Prophylaxis Reduces COVID-19 in Cancer Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial 干扰素-α鼻喷雾剂预防可降低癌症患者新冠病毒感染率：一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验 Michelle K Yong and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e208–e216, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf409 31 A Phase 3, Randomized Trial Investigating the Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of V116, an Adult-Specific Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine, in Pneumococcal Vaccine-Naïve Adults 18–64 Years of Age at Increased Risk of Pneumococcal Disease, STRIDE-8 一项3期随机试验，调查V116（一种成人特异性肺炎球菌结合疫苗）在未接种过肺炎球菌疫苗且患肺炎球菌疾病风险增加的18-64岁年龄段成人中的安全性、耐受性和免疫原性，STRIDE-8试验 Paul T Scott and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e217–e226, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf604 32 Effect of Direct-from-blood Bacterial Testing on Antibiotics Administration in Adults Presenting With Acute Infection: A Randomized Trial 直接从血液进行细菌检测对急性感染成年患者抗生素给药的影响：一项随机试验 David C Gaston and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e227–e235, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf677 33 The Tantalizing Pursuit for a Perfect Diagnostic Test: Balancing Innovation With Stewardship 对完美诊断检测的诱人追求：平衡创新与管理 K C Coffey and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e236–e238, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf674 Global Health and Neglected Tropical Diseases（全球健康与被忽视的热带病） 34 Diagnostic Accuracy of Tuberculosis Screening Tests in a Prospective Multinational Cohort: Chest Radiography With Computer-Aided Detection, Xpert Tuberculosis Host Response, and C-Reactive Protein 在一项前瞻性多国队列研究中，结核病筛查试验的诊断准确性：计算机辅助检测的胸部X光片、Xpert结核宿主反应检测和C反应蛋白 Rebecca Crowder and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e239–e247, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae549 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 35 Risk Assessment in a Global CVD Prevention Cohort of People With HIV by PCE, PREVENT, and SCORE2 通过PCE、PREVENT和SCORE2对全球心血管疾病预防队列中艾滋病毒感染者进行风险评估 Steven K Grinspoon and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e248–e257, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf542 36 REPRIEVE Analysis of New Cardiovascular Risk Calculators in HIV: Underpredicting Risk Means Preventing Fewer Heart Attacks HIV新心血管风险计算器的REPRIEVE分析：低估风险意味着预防的心脏病发作更少 Matthew S Durstenfeld Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e258–e261, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf543 37 Comparable Inflammatory and Metabolic Outcomes After Switching to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide Versus Continuing Dolutegravir/Lamivudine in Virologically Suppressed Adults With HIV (INSTINCT/GESIDA10918 Study) 在病毒学抑制的HIV感染成人中，转换为比克替拉韦/恩曲他滨/丙酚替诺福韦与继续使用多替拉韦/拉米夫定后的炎症和代谢结局相当（INSTINCT/GESIDA10918研究） Sergio Serrano-Villar and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e262–e274, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf565 38 Tenofovir Alafenamide and Body Weight: Have We Finally Tipped the Scale? 丙酚替诺福韦与体重：我们最终是否打破了平衡？ John R Koethe Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e275–e277, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf566 39 Long-Term Clinical, Immunologic, and Viral Reservoir Outcomes in Children Treated With VRC01LS and 10-1074 Monoclonal Antibodies in the Tatelo Study 在Tatelo研究中，接受VRC01LS和10-1074单克隆抗体治疗的儿童的长期临床、免疫学和病毒储存库结局 Gbolahan Ajibola and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e278–e285, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf568 40 Trends in Persons Prescribed HIV Postexposure Prophylaxis in the United States, 2015–2023 2015-2023年美国开具HIV暴露后预防处方的患者趋势 John N Le and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e286–e295, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf581 Immunocompromised Hosts（免疫功能低下宿主） 41 Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Neutropenic Enterocolitis in Onco-Hematological Patients According to Chemotherapy Regimen 根据化疗方案分析肿瘤血液学患者中性粒细胞减少性肠结肠炎的流行病学、危险因素和预后 Anne-Sophie Brunel and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e296–e307, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf134 42 An Analysis of Cytomegalovirus-Specific Cell-Mediated Immunity in a Phase 3, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Letermovir Prophylaxis in Cytomegalovirus-Seropositive Recipients of an Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant 在一项3期随机、安慰剂对照试验中，分析来特莫韦预防对巨细胞病毒血清阳性异基因造血细胞移植受者巨细胞病毒特异性细胞介导免疫的影响 Genovefa A Papanicolaou and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e308–e315, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf646 43 Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-Specific Cell-Mediated Immunity for Prediction of Postprophylaxis CMV Disease in a Phase 3 Trial of Letermovir Versus Valganciclovir Prophylaxis in Donor CMV-Seropositive/Recipient CMV-Seronegative Kidney Transplant Recipients 在供体巨细胞病毒血清阳性/受体巨细胞病毒血清阴性的肾移植受者中，来特莫韦与缬更昔洛韦预防的3期试验中，巨细胞病毒（CMV）特异性细胞介导免疫对预防后CMV疾病的预测作用 Ajit P Limaye and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e316–e324, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf632 44 The Role of Cytomegalovirus-Specific Cellular Immunity in Transplant Recipients with Letermovir Prophylaxis: To be Determined 来特莫韦预防移植受者中巨细胞病毒特异性细胞免疫的作用：有待确定 Yoichiro Natori and Martina Sester Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e325–e327, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf633 45 IL12RB1 Deficiency Appearing in North America: Expanding the Clinical Phenotypes 北美出现的IL12RB1缺陷：拓展临床表型 Chen Wang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e328–e331, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf637 Vaccines（疫苗） 46 A Phase IV, Open-label, Single-Arm, Multicentric Clinical Trial for Evaluation of Human Papillomavirus 9vHPV Vaccine Immunogenicity in Men Who Have Sex With Men With HIV: GeSIDA Study 10 017 一项评估人乳头瘤病毒9vHPV疫苗在感染HIV的男男性行为者中免疫原性的IV期、开放标签、单臂、多中心临床试验：GeSIDA 10 017研究 Raquel Ron and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e332–e342, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf435 47 Immunogenicity and Safety of the COVID-19 Messenger RNA Vaccine Coadministered With Influenza and 23-valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccines 与流感疫苗和23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗同时接种的COVID-19信使核糖核酸疫苗的免疫原性和安全性 Omid Rezahosseini and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e343–e351, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf455 48 Intestinal Mucosal Immune Responses to Novel Oral Poliovirus Vaccine Type 2 in Healthy Newborns 健康新生儿对新型2型口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗的肠道黏膜免疫反应 Audrey Godin and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e352–e360, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf484 49 Estimated Vaccine Effectiveness for Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Related Acute Respiratory Illness in Older Adults: Findings From the First Postlicensure Season 老年人呼吸道合胞病毒相关急性呼吸道疾病的估计疫苗有效性：首个上市后季节的研究结果 Sara Y Tartof and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e361–e370, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf496 Sexually Transmitted Infections（性传播感染） 50 Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Association Between Mycoplasma genitalium and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) 生殖支原体与盆腔炎性疾病（PID）关联的系统综述和荟萃分析 Kay Htaik and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e371–e379, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae295 51 Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI)/HIV Testing, STIs, and HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Men Who Have Sex With Men and Women in the United States, 2019–2022 2019-2022年美国男男性行为者以及男男性行为者和女性性行为者中性传播感染（STI）/HIV检测、性传播感染和HIV暴露前预防用药情况 Guoyu Tao and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e380–e386, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae314 52 Cabotegravir Maintains Protective Efficacy in the Setting of Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Secondary Analysis of HPTN 083 卡博特韦在细菌性性传播感染情况下维持保护效力：HPTN 083的二次分析 Meredith E Clement and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e387–e395, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae572 Viral Infections（病毒性感染） 53 Comprehensive Analysis of Cardiovascular Events and Risk Factors in Patients Hospitalized With Respiratory Syncytial Virus 对因呼吸道合胞病毒感染住院患者的心血管事件和危险因素的综合分析 Paulina Sudnik and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e396–e403, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf310 54 In Critical Condition: The Urgent Need to Support Mpox Therapeutic and Diagnostic Pipelines 处于危急状况：迫切需要支持猴痘治疗和诊断管线 Carmen Perez Casas and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e404–e408, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf529 Correspondence（读者来信） 55 Caution in Interpreting INSTIs and Weight in Observational Studies 在观察性研究中解读整合酶抑制剂与体重关系时需谨慎 Esteban Martínez Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Page e409, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf569 56 Weight Trajectories With Integrase Inhibitors: Unaddressed Insights and Limitations in a Chinese Cohort 整合酶抑制剂与体重变化轨迹：中国队列中未解决的见解和局限性 Yuan-Ti Lee and Shiuan-Chih Chen Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e409–e410, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf570 57 Real-World Evidence as a Complement to Randomized Trials in Interpreting Weight Gain on Modern INSTI Regimens 现实证据作为随机试验的补充，用于解读现代整合酶抑制剂方案导致的体重增加 Xinsheng Wu and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e410–e411, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf571 58 C-reactive Protein in TB Meningitis: Signal, Surrogate, or Saboteur? 结核性脑膜炎中的C反应蛋白：信号、替代指标还是破坏因素？ Patrick K Moonan and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e411–e412, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf575 59 C-Reactive Protein in Tuberculous Meningitis: A Viable Biomarker for Individualized Care 结核性脑膜炎中的C反应蛋白：个体化护理的可行生物标志物 Lillian Tugume and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e412–e413, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf576 60 The Win Ratio Should Be Complemented by Other Win Statistics to Provide a Comprehensive Picture of Relative and Absolute Treatment Effects: The Case Study of the REPRIEVE Trial 胜利比率应与其他胜利统计数据相结合，以全面呈现相对和绝对治疗效果：REPRIEVE试验案例研究 Melissa J Hardy and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e413–e414, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf587 61 Small Effects, Big Impact: Multiple Win Measures Aid Interpretation, But Do Not Forget the Bigger Picture 效应虽小，影响重大：多种胜利衡量指标有助于解读，但不要忘记整体情况 Emma Davies Smith and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e414–e416, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf588 62 Does Oral Antibiotic Switching Therapy Show Similar Efficacy to Intravenous Administration for Treating Infective Endocarditis? 口服抗生素转换疗法治疗感染性心内膜炎的疗效是否与静脉给药相似？ Jun Suzuki and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e416–e417, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf598 63 Toward a Wider Use of Oral Antibiotic Switch in Infective Endocarditis 朝着更广泛地使用感染性心内膜炎口服抗生素转换疗法迈进 Romane Pouy and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e417–e418, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf599 64 Operationalizing Sepsis Definitions With Artificial Intelligence: Toward Smarter Antibiotic Use 利用人工智能实现败血症定义的落地应用：迈向更明智的抗生素使用 James S Ford and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e418–e419, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf601 65 Balancing Innovation in Artificial Intelligence With Practical Sepsis Definitions 平衡人工智能创新与实用的败血症定义 Chanu Rhee and Michael Klompas Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e419–e420, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf602 66 Precision Prevention of Tuberculosis in Biologic Therapy: Lessons Beyond Screening Strategies 生物疗法中结核病的精准预防：筛查策略之外的启示 Shiuan-Chih Chen and Yuan-Ti Lee Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e420–e421, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf559 67 Recalibrating COVID-19 Booster Policy: Lessons From Hybrid Immunity and Global Equity Gaps 重新调整COVID-19加强针政策：从混合免疫和全球公平差距中吸取教训 Nathkapach K Rattanapitoon and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e421–e422, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf605 Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue 3 临床传染病学 82卷 3期 https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/ ID Art Through the Ages（穿越时代的传染病技艺） 1 Dracunculiasis, 1674 1674年的麦地那龙线虫病 Mary Grizzard and Michael Grizzard Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Page i, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag089 In the Literature（文献聚焦） 2 In the Literature 文献聚焦 Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages ii–iv, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag012 State-of-the-Art Review（前沿综述） 3 State-of-the-Art Review: Managing Vulvovaginal Candidiasis 前沿综述：外阴阴道念珠菌病的治疗 Riina Rautemaa-Richardson and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 371–382, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf673 Ethics Rounds（伦理探讨） 4 CARB Your Enthusiasm: An Ethics-Informed Analysis for Clinicians of the US National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria 谨慎对待抗生素：基于伦理学分析美国国家抗耐药菌行动计划对临床医生的启示 Hunter Jackson Smith and Chelsea Modlin Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 383–388, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf478 Voices of ID（传染病之声） 5 Mothers 母亲们 Maria Koshy Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 389–390, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf338 Bacterial Infections（细菌性感染） 6 The Impact of Synergistic Therapy Between Colistin and Meropenem on Outcomes of People With Pneumonia or Bloodstream Infection Due to Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens 多粘菌素与美罗培南联合治疗对碳青霉烯类耐药革兰氏阴性菌所致肺炎或血行感染患者预后的影响 Mariya Huralska and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 391–398, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf398 7 We Cannot Overcome the Mediocrity of Colistin 我们无法忽视多粘菌素的平庸疗效 Jason C Gallagher Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 399–401, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf592 8 Comparing Clinical, Microbiological, and Genetic Definitions of Relapse in Patients With Subsequent Episodes of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bone and Joint Infection 比较耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌骨关节感染后续发作患者复发在临床、微生物学和遗传学上的定义 Kevin Bouiller and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 402–410, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf448 9 Non-Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase Attributes of the Newer β-lactam/β-lactamase Inhibitors, Part 2: Burkholderia cepacia Complex, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Acinetobacter baumannii 新型β-内酰胺/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂对非肺炎克雷伯菌碳青霉烯酶的抗菌特性，第二部分：洋葱伯克霍尔德菌复合群、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌 Andrew J Fratoni and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 411–419, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf403 Clinical Trials（临床试验） 10 Continuation Versus Temporary Interruption of Immunomodulatory Agents During Infections in Patients With Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases: A Randomized Controlled Trial 炎症性风湿性疾病患者感染期间继续使用与暂时停用免疫调节剂的随机对照试验 Merel A A Opdam and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 420–426, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf442 11 Effectiveness of Nebulized Bronchodilator-Enhanced Sputum Induction in Thai Patients With Presumed Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial (NeB-TB Trial) 泰国疑似肺结核患者中雾化支气管扩张剂增强痰诱导的有效性：一项随机对照试验（NeB-TB试验） Pichanon Mingchay and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 427–435, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf580 12 Bone Biopsy not Superior to Ulcer Bed Biopsy–guided Antibacterial Therapy on Remission of Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial 在指导用于缓解糖尿病足骨髓炎的抗菌治疗方面骨活检并不优于溃疡床活检：一项随机对照试验 Rimke S Lagrand and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 436–442, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf684 13 Do We Need a Bone Biopsy for Managing Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis? 我们是否需要对糖尿病足骨髓炎进行骨活检？ Eric M Senneville and Benjamin A Lipsky Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 443–445, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf685 Critical Care and Sepsis（重症监护与败血症） 14 Contamination of Blood Cultures Drawn From Arterial Catheters Versus Venipuncture or Venous Catheters in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis 危重患者从动脉导管与静脉穿刺或静脉导管采集血培养的污染情况：一项系统综述和荟萃分析 Takatoshi Koroki and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 446–452, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf260 15 Reassessing Procalcitonin-Guided Antibiotic Therapy in Critically Ill Patients With Sepsis: Lessons From the ADAPT-Sepsis Trial 重新评估降钙素原指导的败血症危重患者抗生素治疗：来自ADAPT-败血症试验的启示 Simran Gupta and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 453–458, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf336 Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology（传染病控制与医院流行病学） 16 Effectiveness and Safety of Methods to Prevent Bloodstream and Other Infections and Noninfectious Complications Associated With Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 预防经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管相关血行感染及其他感染和非感染性并发症的方法的有效性和安全性：一项系统综述和荟萃分析 Andreea Dobrescu and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 459–472, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf063 17 Using Generative Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare-Associated Infection Surveillance 利用生成式人工智能进行医院感染监测 Daniel J Morgan and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 473–479, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf619 18 Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Healthcare-Associated Infection Surveillance: Bridging Precision, Partnership, Practice, and People 人工智能与医院感染监测的未来：融合精准、合作、实践与人文 Mamdooh Alzyood Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 480–483, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf620 Infections in Older Adults（老年传染病学） 19 Evaluation of Influenza Antiviral Prophylaxis for Long-term Care Residents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 长期护理机构居民流感抗病毒预防的效果评价：一项系统综述和荟萃分析 Ryan Hanula and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 484–493, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf101 20 Implementation of Diagnostic Stewardship to Improve Urinary Tract Infection Antibiotic Use Across 3 Medical Centers 在三家医疗中心实施诊断管理以改善尿路感染抗生素的使用 Kimberly C Claeys and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 494–500, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf411 Pediatric and Maternal Infectious Diseases（儿科与孕产妇传染病） 21 Adverse Events of First-Line Therapy for Pediatric Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 儿童结核病一线治疗的不良反应：一项系统综述和荟萃分析 Michael Prodanuk and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 501–512, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf152 22 The Impact of Pregnancy on Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes: An Analysis of Brazilian National Surveillance Data 2016–2022 妊娠对结核病治疗效果的影响：基于2016-2022年巴西国家监测数据的分析 Silvia S Chiang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 513–521, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf233 Photo Quiz（影像问答） 23 Persistent Fever and Back Pain After Liver Transplantation 肝移植后持续发热和背痛 Toshiyuki Kishida and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 522–525, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf489 Pediatric and Maternal Infectious Diseases（儿科与孕产妇传染病） 24 Stool Processing Methods for Xpert Ultra Testing in Childhood Tuberculosis: A Prospective, Multicountry Accuracy Study 儿童结核病Xpert Ultra检测的粪便处理方法：一项前瞻性、多国准确性研究 Devan Jaganath and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 526–534, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf289 Photo Quiz（影像问答） 25 A Bloom Beneath the Skin 皮下绽放之花 Yi Rong Chew and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 535–538, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf550 Vector-Borne Diseases（虫媒传染病） 26 Trends in Anaplasmosis Over the Past Decade: A Review of Clinical Features, Laboratory Data, and Outcomes 过去十年无形体病趋势：临床特征、实验室数据和预后回顾 Silpita Katragadda and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 539–547, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf171 27 Completion of Paired Serological Testing Algorithms for Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis and Ehrlichiosis, North Carolina: 2017–2020 斑点热立克次体病和埃里希体病配对血清学检测算法的完成情况，北卡罗来纳州：2017-2020年 Huipeng Liao and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 548–555, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf176 COVID-19/SARS-COV-2（新冠肺炎/严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型） 28 Effect of Metformin on the Risk of Post-COVID-19 Condition Among Individuals With Overweight or Obese: A Population-based Retrospective Cohort Study 二甲双胍对超重或肥胖人群患新冠后综合征风险的影响：一项基于人群的回顾性队列研究 Ubonphan Chaichana and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e423–e432, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf429 29 Preventing Long COVID With Metformin 使用二甲双胍预防新冠长期症状 Carolyn T Bramante and David R Boulware Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e433–e435, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf700 30 Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination and Prior Infections to Reduce Long COVID Risk During the Pre-Omicron and Omicron Periods COVID-19疫苗接种和既往感染在奥密克戎变异株出现前及奥密克戎时期降低新冠长期症状风险的有效性 Sara Carazo and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e436–e445, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf549 31 International Collaboration to Develop and Harmonize Drug Interaction Guidance for Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir During COVID-19: Lessons Learned for Future Pandemic Preparedness 国际合作制定并统一新冠期间奈玛特韦/利托那韦药物相互作用指南：为未来大流行准备汲取的经验教训 Safia Kuriakose and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e446–e454, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf606 Endovascular Infections（血管内感染） 32 Antifungal Therapy in Candida Infective Endocarditis: A Comparison of Echinocandins and Other Treatment Regimens in a Nationwide Cohort Study 念珠菌感染性心内膜炎的抗真菌治疗：一项全国队列研究中棘白菌素与其他治疗方案比较 Siri Kurland and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e455–e461, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf312 33 Should We Extend the Use of Oral Antibiotics in Infective Endocarditis? The ENDO-ORAL Study 我们是否应延长感染性心内膜炎口服抗生素的使用？ENDO-ORAL研究 Benoit Rallet and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e462–e470, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf452 34 Rethinking the Routine: Are Repeat Blood Cultures Necessary After Completion of Infective Endocarditis Treatment? 重新思考常规做法：感染性心内膜炎治疗完成后是否需要重复血培养？ Jean Regina and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e471–e474, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf617 35 Posttreatment Blood Cultures in Patients With Infective Endocarditis: Valuable, Inconsequential, or Worse? 感染性心内膜炎患者治疗后的血培养：有价值、无关紧要还是有害？ Daniel C DeSimone and Larry M Baddour Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e475–e476, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf618 Fungal Infections（真菌感染） 36 Fungal Meningitis in US Patients Who Received Epidural Anesthesia in Matamoros, Mexico 在墨西哥马塔莫罗斯接受硬膜外麻醉的美国患者中的真菌性脑膜炎 Dallas J Smith and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e477–e484, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf399 37 Empirical Antifungal Treatment of Critically ⅢPatients With Influenza-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Propensity Score Weighted Observational Study 流感相关急性呼吸窘迫综合征危重患者的经验性抗真菌治疗：一项倾向评分加权观察性研究 Stefan Hatzl and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e485–e493, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf507 38 Is Empirical Antifungal Therapy the Next Path Forward in Patients With Influenza-Associated ARDS? 经验性抗真菌治疗是否是流感相关急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者的下一步治疗方向？ Florian Reizine and Jean-Pierre Gangneux Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e494–e496, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf508 39 Valley Fever in Central California: Diagnosis is Not the Finish Line, the Real Gap is Longitudinal Care 加利福尼亚州中部山谷热：诊断并非终点，真正的差距在于纵向护理 Geetha Sivasubramanian Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e497–e502, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf728 Hepatitis（肝炎） 40 The Hepatitis C Cascade of Care for Opioid Agonist Therapy Recipients in Australia 澳大利亚接受阿片类激动剂治疗者的丙型肝炎治疗流程 Samara Griffin and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e503–e510, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf352 41 Trends in Hepatitis C Virus Infection Prevalence Among People With HIV in Spain Over 2 Decades (2002–2023) 西班牙20多年来（2002-2023年）HIV感染者中丙型肝炎病毒感染流行率的趋势 Juan Berenguer and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e511–e520, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf407 42 Gaps in the Hepatitis C Prenatal and Postpartum Care Cascade: Rationale for Treatment in Pregnancy 丙型肝炎围产期和产后治疗流程中的差距：孕期治疗的理由 Andrew B Mendlowitz and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e521–e533, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf578 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 43 Combined Use of Ibalizumab and Lenacapavir for the Treatment of Multidrug-resistant HIV-1: A Case Series 艾巴利珠单抗和来那卡帕韦联合治疗多重耐药HIV-1：病例系列研究 Charlotte Rolle and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e534–e540, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf597 44 New Strategies for a Vexing Problem: Injectables to the Rescue for People With Multidrug-Resistant HIV 棘手问题的新策略：注射剂助力多重耐药HIV感染者 William R Short and Onyema E Ogbuagu Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e541–e543, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf600 45 The Bounce-back Effect: What Happens After Cessation of Low-dose Semaglutide in People With HIV 反弹效应：HIV感染者停用低剂量司美格鲁肽后会发生什么 Kristine M Erlandson and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e544–e548, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf652 46 Infections After Kidney Transplantation From Donors With HIV to Recipients With HIV HIV阳性供体肾脏移植给HIV阳性受者后的感染情况 Elizabeth C Arant and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e549–e557, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf656 47 Infections After Kidney Transplantation from Donors with HIV to Recipients with HIV: Insights, Prevention, and the Path Forward HIV阳性供体肾脏移植给HIV阳性受者后的感染情况：见解、预防和未来方向 Abhay Dhand and Stephanie M Pouch Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e558–e560, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf657 Respiratory Infections（呼吸道传染病） 48 Multimorbidity Profiles and Severe In-Hospital Outcomes in Adults With Respiratory Syncytial Virus 成人呼吸道合胞病毒感染的多病共存情况及严重院内结局 Kevin C Ma and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e561–e570, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf405 49 Characterizing Treatment Adherence Trajectories in the endTB Multisite Cohort of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients: An Application of Group-Based Trajectory Modeling 在endTB多站点耐药结核病患者队列中描述治疗依从性轨迹：基于组别的轨迹建模应用 Stephanie Law and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e571–e579, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf467 50 Severity of Clinical Presentation and Outcomes in Hospitalized Adult People With Influenza by Type and Subtype, United States—2017–2020 2017 - 2020年美国按流感类型和亚型划分的住院成人流感患者临床表现严重程度及预后 Seana Cleary and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e580–e588, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf545 51 Reported Tuberculosis Symptoms: An Inadequate Classifier of Disease State 报告的结核病症状：疾病状态分类的不足指标 Nicky McCreesh and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e589–e594, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf611 Sexually Transmitted Infections（性传播感染） 52 Effectiveness of Updated 2023–2024 (Monovalent XBB.1.5) COVID-19 Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB and BA.2.86/JN.1 Lineage Hospitalization and a Comparison of Clinical Severity—IVY Network, 26 Hospitals, 18 October 2023–9 March 2024 2023 - 2024年更新版（单价XBB.1.5）新冠疫苗对SARS-CoV-2奥密克戎XBB和BA.2.86/JN.1谱系住院的有效性及临床严重程度比较——IVY网络，26家医院，2023年10月18日 - 2024年3月9日 Kevin C Ma and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e595–e603, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae405 53 High Prevalence of Haemophilus ducreyi Among Patients With Suspected Primary syphilis in Malawi, 2019–2022 2019 - 2022年马拉维疑似原发性梅毒患者中杜克雷嗜血杆菌的高流行率 Mitch M Matoga and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e604–e611, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf114 54 Characteristics Associated With Disseminated Gonococcal Infections vs Uncomplicated Gonorrhea: A California Case-control Study, 2021–2022 与播散性淋球菌感染（而非单纯性淋病）相关的特征：2021 - 2022年加利福尼亚病例对照研究 Kelly A Johnson and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e612–e615, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf311 Viral Infections（病毒性感染） 55 Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection Progression to Disease Among Men Who Have Sex With Men 男男性行为者肛门人乳头瘤病毒感染进展为疾病的情况 Joel M Palefsky and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e616–e625, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf584 Correspondence（读者来信） 56 Cardiac Complications of Mycoplasma pneumoniae: Overlooked Confounders, Biomarkers, and Host-Driven Shifts 肺炎支原体感染的心脏并发症：被忽视的混杂因素、生物标志物及宿主驱动的变化 Shiuan-Chih Chen and Ming-Cheng Lin Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e626–e627, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf609 57 Mycoplasma pneumoniae–Associated Cardiac Complications Revisited 重新审视肺炎支原体相关心脏并发症 Daniel Grupel and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e627–e628, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf610 58 Screening for Anal Cancer Is Associated With Real Harms and Questionable Benefits 肛门癌筛查存在实际危害且益处存疑 Chris Kenyon Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Page e628, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf613 59 Anal Cancer Screening: A Balanced Approach is Necessary 肛门癌筛查：需采取平衡的方法 Hayden S Andrews and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e628–e629, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf614 60 Collateral Benefits and Methodological Limits of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immunization for Infant Otitis Media and Antibiotic Use 呼吸道合胞病毒免疫接种对婴儿中耳炎和抗生素使用的附带益处及方法学局限 Tsai Ling Ting and Kai-Lun Sheu Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e629–e630, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf640 61 Interpretation of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immunization Impact on Pediatric Acute Otitis Media: Key Considerations 解读呼吸道合胞病毒免疫接种对儿童急性中耳炎的影响：关键考量因素 Inès Fafi and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e630–e631, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf641 62 A Possible Increase in Penicillin-Resistant Strains of Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体青霉素耐药菌株可能增加 Jun Suzuki and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e631–e632, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf643 63 Surveillance of Resistance-Associated Mutations in Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体耐药相关突变的监测 Kai-Hsiang Chen and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e632–e633, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf645 64 Does Empirical Antifungal Therapy Reduce IAPA in Influenza-Associated ARDS? Methodological Concerns on Diagnosis, Surveillance, and Clinical Heterogeneity 经验性抗真菌治疗能否减少流感相关急性呼吸窘迫综合征（IAPA）的发生？诊断、监测和临床异质性方面的方法学问题 Ming Xue and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e633–e634, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf661 65 Empirical Antifungal Therapy and IAPA in Influenza-Associated ARDS: Insights from Real-World Data 流感相关急性呼吸窘迫综合征中的经验性抗真菌治疗和IAPA：来自现实数据的见解 Stefan Hatzl and Robert Krause Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Page e634, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf664 Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue Supplement_2 临床传染病学 82卷增刊2期 https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/82/Supplement_2 SUPPLEMENT（增刊） Advancing Tuberculosis Research Through RePORT International: Enhancing Treatment Outcomes, Predicting Disease Progression, and Improving Diagnosis 通过结核病区域性前瞻性观察研究国际联盟（RePORT International）推动结核病研究：提高治疗效果、预测疾病进展及改善诊断 SUPPLEMENT ARTICLES（增补论著） 1 A Narrative Review of the Regional Prospective Observational Research in Tuberculosis International Consortium: Sharing Diverse Data and Specimens in the Fight Against Tuberculosis 结核病区域性前瞻性观察研究国际联盟的叙述性综述：在抗击结核病中共享多样数据和样本 Rajita Bhavaraju and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_2, 15 April 2026, Pages S53–S59, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag151 2 Long-term Sequelae of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Narrative Review 长期肺部结核后遗症：一项叙述性综述 Akshay N Gupte and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_2, 15 April 2026, Pages S60–S67, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag123 3 From Exposure to Disease: Predicting Tuberculosis Progression 从接触感染到发病：预测结核病进展 Mariana Araújo-Pereira and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_2, 15 April 2026, Pages S68–S74, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag125 4 Asymptomatic Tuberculosis Across the Disease Spectrum: A Scoping Review of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Public Health Implications 疾病谱中的无症状结核：一项关于流行病学、诊断和公共卫生影响的范围综述 Beatriz Barreto Duarte and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_2, 15 April 2026, Pages S75–S84, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag150 Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue 4 临床传染病学 82卷 4期 https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/ ID Art Through the Ages（穿越时光的传染病学技艺） 1 La Petite Vérole 天花 Mary Grizzard and Michael Grizzard Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Page i, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag118 In the Literature（文献精选） 2 In the Literature 文献精选 Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages ii–v, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag013 Joint Editorial（联合社论） 3 Protocols for Randomized Controlled Trials: Advancing Transparency in Infectious Diseases 随机对照试验方案：推动传染病领域透明度提升 Jean-Jacques Parienti and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Page 557, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag198 Clinical Dilemmas in Infectious Diseases（临床传染病疑难杂症） 4 Uncertain Terrain 不确定的领域 Kap Sum Foong and Sara W Dong Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 558–561, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf283 Voices of ID（传染病之声） 5 Lessons I Learned from Our Soldier 我从我们的士兵身上学到的经验 Mitchell J Schwaber Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 562–563, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf433 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 6 Long-Acting Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine, Lenacapavir, and Ibalizumab Use Among Persons With HIV-1 Viremia at a Ryan White-Funded Clinic in the Urban US South 美国南部城市由瑞安·怀特资助的诊所中，HIV-1病毒血症患者使用长效卡博特韦/利匹韦林、来那卡帕韦和艾巴利珠单抗的情况 Jonathan A Colasanti and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 564–574, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf425 7 In the Mismatch: Viral Suppression Despite Low Tenofovir-Diphosphate in Dried Blood Spots in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study/Women's Interagency HIV Study Combined Cohort 矛盾现象：在多中心艾滋病队列研究/妇女跨机构HIV研究联合队列中，尽管干燥血斑中磷酸替诺福韦水平低，但仍能实现病毒抑制 Sarah C Mann and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 575–582, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf509 8 Prognostic Value of Blood Epigenetic Biomarkers of Aging in Persons With Well-Controlled HIV-1 Infection 血液衰老表观遗传生物标志物在HIV-1感染控制良好人群中的预后价值 Patricia Martínez-Martín and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 583–591, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf537 9 HIV Resistance to Dolutegravir Varies With Coadministered Agents HIV对多替拉韦的耐药性随联合用药的不同而有所差异 Ingrid A Beck and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 592–596, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf481 Immunocompromised Hosts（免疫功能低下宿主） 10 Letermovir Prophylaxis Guided by Cytomegalovirus Cell-Mediated Immunity Improves the Outcomes of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients 基于巨细胞病毒细胞介导免疫的莱特莫韦预防可改善异体基因造血干细胞移植受者的预后 Luxiang Wang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 597–606, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf410 11 Changing Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: A Retrospective National Cohort Study 进行性多灶性白质脑病临床和实验室特征的变化：一项回顾性全国队列研究 Ilaria Mainardi and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 607–617, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf501 12 Respiratory Syncytial Virus After Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy: Risk Factors and Outcomes in a Multicenter Retrospective Cohort 嵌合抗原受体T细胞疗法后呼吸道合胞病毒感染：一项多中心回顾性队列研究中的风险因素和预后 Maria Isabel Sotelo-Alva and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 618–621, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag052 Respiratory Infections（呼吸道感染） 13 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Position Statement: Why IDSA Did Not Endorse the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Guidelines 2025 Update 美国传染病学会（IDSA）立场声明：为何IDSA未认可《2025年社区获得性肺炎指南》更新版 Michael Klompas and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 622–624, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf625 14 We Dissent: Lessons From the 2025 Community-Acquired Pneumonia Guidelines 我们持不同意见：从《2025年社区获得性肺炎指南》中汲取的教训 Leila S Hojat and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 625–629, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf626 15 Associations Between Antibiotic Use and Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia and Positive Respiratory Viral Assays 社区获得性肺炎且呼吸道病毒检测呈阳性住院患者抗生素使用与预后的关联 Brett Biebelberg and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 630–638, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf687 16 Comparative Effectiveness of Azithromycin Versus Doxycycline in Hospitalized Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia Treated With Beta-Lactams: A Multicenter Matched Cohort Study 联合β-内酰胺类药物治疗社区获得性肺炎的住院患者中，阿奇霉素与多西环素疗效的比较：一项多中心匹配队列研究 Yewande E Odeyemi and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 639–647, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf252 17 Target Trial Emulation of Empiric Antibiotics on Clinical Outcomes in Moderately Immunocompromised Patients Hospitalized With Pneumonia 针对中度免疫功能低下肺炎住院患者，经验性抗生素对临床预后的目标试验模拟研究 Louis Saravolatz and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 648–657, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf344 18 Impact of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immunization on the Rate of Pediatric Acute Otitis Media: A Time-series Analysis 呼吸道合胞病毒免疫接种对儿童急性中耳炎发生率的影响：一项时间序列分析 Inès Fafi and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 658–664, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf564 Vaccines（疫苗） 19 LC16m8 for Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Against Mpox in a High-Risk Population: An Open-Label Randomized Trial 使用LC16m8针对高危人群进行猴痘暴露前预防：一项开放标签随机试验 Nobumasa Okumura and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 665–672, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf074 20 Immunogenicity and Safety of 2 Versus 3 Doses of 9-Valent Vaccine Against Human Papillomavirus in Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: The Papillon Randomized Trial 在感染人类免疫缺陷病毒的女性中，接种2剂与3剂九价人乳头瘤病毒疫苗的免疫原性和安全性：Papillon随机试验 Deborah Konopnicki and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 673–681, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf241 21 Screening and Vaccination Rates for Tetanus, Hepatitis A, and Hepatitis B Among Individuals With Substance Use Disorders Hospitalized in an Integrated US Health System 在美国综合医疗机构中住院的成瘾性患者的破伤风、甲型肝炎和乙型肝炎筛查及接种率 Jennifer H Ku and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 682–688, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf251 22 Atrial Fibrillation After Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination Among Older Adults 老年人接种呼吸道合胞病毒疫苗后发生心房颤动的情况 Morgan Birabaharan and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 689–691, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae649 23 Approaches to Comparing Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness to Guide Potential Preferential Product Recommendations 比较流感疫苗有效性的方法，以指导可能的优先产品推荐 Edward A Belongia and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 692–697, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf563 Viral Infections（病毒性感染） 24 Clinical Features and Outcomes of Human Herpesvirus-6 DNAemia in Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective Multicenter Analysis 危重患者人类疱疹病毒6型DNA血症的临床特征和预后：一项回顾性多中心分析 Margot Combet and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 698–708, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf199 25 Kaposi Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus Risk and Disease in Kidney Donors and Transplant Recipients With HIV in the United States 美国HIV感染肾捐赠者和移植受者中卡波西肉瘤相关疱疹病毒的风险和疾病 Puja H Nambiar and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 709–719, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf229 26 Clinical Outcomes of Mpox Disease in Patients Treated With Tecovirimat 接受特考韦瑞治疗的猴痘病患者的临床预后 Ciarra Leocadio and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 720–726, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf520 27 Effective Antivirals in Pandemic Preparedness: Past Mistakes, Future Needs 大流行防范中的有效抗病毒药物：过去的错误，未来的需求 Antonios-Periklis Panagiotopoulos and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 727–733, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf648 Photo Quizzes（影像问答） 28 From Soil to Skin: An Unexpected Cause of Necrotizing Cellulitis 从土壤到皮肤：坏死性蜂窝织炎的意外病因 Erica Peak and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 734–737, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf555 29 A 67-year-Old Immunocompromised Male Presenting With Right Upper-Quadrant Abdominal Pain and Hepatic Lesions 一例67岁免疫功能低下男性，出现右上腹疼痛和肝脏病变 Sara Yousef Zadeh Shoushtari and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 738–741, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf729 Bacterial Infections（细菌性感染） 30 Patient-reported Perceptions, Experiences, and Preferences Around Intravenous and Oral Antibiotics for the Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Descriptive Qualitative Study 金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症患者对静脉和口服抗生素治疗的自我报告认知、体验和偏好：一项描述性质性研究 Genevieve Walls and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e635–e642, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf522 31 Reproducible Identification of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Clinical Subphenotypes 金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症临床亚型的可重复性识别 Maaike C Swets and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e643–e651, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf655 32 Disease Trends and Mortality From Invasive Pneumococcal Disease: A Long-Term Population-Based Study 侵袭性肺炎球菌病的疾病趋势和死亡率：一项长期人群基础研究 Hörður Tryggvi Bragason and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e652–e661, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf670 33 When and How to Use Subcutaneous Antibiotics 皮下注射抗生素的使用时机和方法 Stefano Di Bella and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e662–e673, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf691 Clinical Trials（临床实验） 34 Using the Comparing Oral versus Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (COPAT) Clinical Trial to Influence Institutional Practice Transformation Towards Earlier Transition to Oral Antibiotics 利用口服与肠外抗菌治疗比较（COPAT）临床实验推动机构实践转型，以更早地过渡到口服抗生素治疗 Joy J Juskowich and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e674–e681, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf707 35 The Fate of Oral Meds 口服药物的命运 Monica V Mahoney Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e682–e683, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf708 36 Early Symptom Response in Patients With Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection Treated With Gepotidacin or Nitrofurantoin: Pooled Analysis From Two Pivotal Phase 3 Studies 接受吉泊西汀或呋喃妥因治疗的无并发症尿路感染患者的早期症状反应：两项关键性3期研究的汇总分析 Amanda J Sheets and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e684–e692, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf722 37 Regional Variations of Rates and Determinants of Drug Resistance Mutations in People Failing First-line Therapy for HIV-1: A Substudy from the D2EFT Phase 3b/4 Clinical Trial HIV-1一线治疗失败人群中耐药突变发生率和决定因素的区域差异：D2EFT 3b/4期临床试验的子研究 Billal Musah Obeng and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e693–e704, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf739 38 What's Hot This Year in ID Clinical Science 2025 2025年传染病临床学科领域的年度热点 Jeffrey A Freiberg and Patty W Wright Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e705–e709, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf740 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 39 Impact of Vaginal Estradiol on the Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause, Vaginal Microbiome and Mucosal Immune Mediators in Women With HIV 阴道雌二醇对HIV感染女性绝经生殖泌尿综合征、阴道微生物群和黏膜免疫介质的影响 Kerry Murphy and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e710–e719, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf669 40 Pharmacokinetics of Twice-daily Tenofovir Alafenamide in Adults With HIV-associated Tuberculosis on Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide and Rifampicin 在接受比克替拉韦/恩曲他滨/丙酚替诺福韦和利福平治疗的HIV相关结核病成人患者中，每日两次丙酚替诺福韦的药代动力学 Emmanuella Chinonso Osuala and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e720–e727, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf732 41 Integrating HIV and Stimulant-Use Disorder Treatment: A Pilot Implementation Effectiveness Trial of Contingency Management in HIV Care 整合HIV和兴奋剂使用障碍治疗：在HIV护理中开展应急管理试点实施效果试验 Ayesha Appa and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e728–e734, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag006 42 Hepatitis B Reactivation in a US Cohort of People With HIV and Hepatitis B Core Antibody After Switch to Antiretroviral Therapy Without Hepatitis B Activity 美国HIV和乙型肝炎核心抗体阳性人群在转换为无抗乙肝病毒活性的抗逆转录病毒治疗后乙型肝炎复发的队列研究 Rachel V Denyer and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e735–e742, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag001 43 Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation in People With HIV After Treatment With Non-hepatitis B Virus-Active Antiretroviral Therapy 接受无抗乙肝病毒活性的抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV感染者乙型肝炎病毒复发情况 Amir M Mohareb and Anders Boyd Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e743–e745, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag002 44 The Potential Effect of Ending Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Funding for HIV Tests: A Modeling Study in 18 States 终止美国疾病控制与预防中心对HIV检测资助的潜在影响：对18个州的建模研究 Ruchita Balasubramanian and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e746–e754, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag038 45 Cutting Federal Funds for HIV Testing Means Not Ending the HIV Epidemic 削减HIV检测的联邦资金意味着无法终结HIV流行 Sarah E Scott and Joshua A Barocas Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e755–e756, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag039 Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology（感染控制与医院流行病学） 46 Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial of Enhanced Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Prevention Program in General Medicine Wards, Siriraj Hospital 西拉查医院普通内科病房强化碳青霉烯类耐药肠杆菌科细菌预防计划的整群随机对照试验 Apiradee Taweesuk and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e757–e764, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf523 47 Risk Factors Associated With Progression to Clinical Candida auris Infection Among Adults With Previous Colonization—Florida, 2019–2023 2019-2023年佛罗里达州既往定植的成人进展为临床耳念珠菌感染的相关风险因素 Katharine E Saunders and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e765–e772, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf551 48 Using Generative Artificial Intelligence to Identify Central Line–associated Bloodstream Infections 利用生成式人工智能识别中心静脉导管相关血流感染 Daniel J Morgan and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e773–e780, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf636 49 Infection Control in Carceral Facilities 监狱设施中的感染控制 Amadin A Olotu and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e781–e790, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf479 50 Infection Prevention and Control in Carceral Settings 监狱环境中的感染预防与控制 April N McDougal and Lara B Strick Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e791–e793, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf480 51 Impact of Discontinuation of Contact Precautions on Healthcare-associated Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in a Large Tertiary Care Hospital: An Interrupted Time-series Analysis 一家大型三级医院停止接触预防措施对医院获得性产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌的影响：一项中断时间序列分析 Stefano Musumeci and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e794–e798, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf594 Respiratory Infections（呼吸道感染） 52 Estimating Risk of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in US Medicare-enrolled Older Adults Following Medically Attended Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease: A Self-controlled Case Series Analysis 美国医疗保险参保老年人因需就医的呼吸道合胞病毒疾病后患吉兰-巴雷综合征的风险评估：一项自我对照病例系列分析 Caihua Liang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e799–e806, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf621 53 Independent Testing to Accelerate the Development of Lateral Flow Assays for Influenza A, Influenza B and SARS-COV-2 独立检测以加速甲型流感、乙型流感和严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型侧流层析检测法的开发 Anuradha Rao and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e807–e815, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf660 54 Diagnostic Yield of Tongue Swab- Compared to Sputum-Based Molecular Testing for Tuberculosis in Four High-Burden Countries 在四个高负担国家，与痰液分子检测相比，舌拭子检测对结核病的诊断效果 Caitlin A Moe and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e816–e823, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag077 55 Are We Ready for the Gift Tongues Can Give to Tuberculosis? 我们准备好接受舌头为结核病诊断带来的“馈赠”了吗？ Michael R Barer Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e824–e825, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag078 Sexually Transmitted Infections（性传播感染） 56 Evaluating the Impact of Implementing and Scaling-Up the Use of Syphilis Rapid/Point-of-Care Tests: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis of New Syphilis Positivity Rates in Alberta, Canada 评估实施和扩大梅毒快速/即时检测使用的影响：加拿大阿尔伯塔省新发梅毒阳性率的中断时间序列分析 L Alexa Thompson and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e826–e835, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf651 57 Human Papillomavirus-Related Anal Precancerous Lesions in Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Comparative Study of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Users and HIV-Positive Individuals 男男性行为者中与人乳头瘤病毒相关的肛门癌前病变：暴露前预防用药者与HIV阳性者的对比研究 Magali Surmont and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e836–e842, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf724 58 Is 3 Really What We Need? Relative Effectiveness of Benzathine Penicillin G and Doxycycline Treatment Regimens for Late or Unknown Duration Syphilis in 6 US Jurisdictions, 2016–2021 我们需要“3”吗？2016-2021年美国6个司法管辖区晚期或病程不明梅毒患者使用苄星青霉素G和多西环素治疗方案的相对疗效 River A Pugsley and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e843–e851, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag099 59 Strong Real-World Evidence That a Single Dose of Benzathine Penicillin G or a 28-Day Course of Oral Doxycycline Is Not Inferior to 3 Doses of Benzathine Penicillin G for the Treatment of Late Latent or Unknown Duration Syphilis 强力现实证据表明，单剂苄星青霉素G或28天口服多西环素治疗晚期潜伏梅毒或病程不明梅毒的疗效并不逊于3剂苄星青霉素G Noah Kojima and Jeffrey D Klausner Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e852–e854, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag101 Vaccines（疫苗） 60 Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of Revaccination With mRNA-1345, an mRNA Vaccine Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Administered 12 Months Following a Primary Dose in Adults Aged ≥50 Years 对≥50岁成年人，在初次接种12个月后再次接种针对呼吸道合胞病毒的mRNA疫苗mRNA-1345的安全性、耐受性和免疫原性 Jaya Goswami and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e855–e862, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf515 61 Analysis of Antibody Markers as Immune Correlates of Risk of Severe COVID-19 in the PREVENT-19 Efficacy Trial of the NVX-CoV2373 Recombinant Protein Vaccine 在NVX-CoV2373重组蛋白疫苗PREVENT-19有效性试验中，抗体标志物作为严重新型冠状病毒肺炎风险免疫相关因素的分析 Youyi Fong and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e863–e874, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf558 62 Is It Time to Reassess the Target Age of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Globally? 现在是时候重新评估全球人乳头瘤病毒疫苗接种的目标年龄了吗？ Edie Brassington and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e875–e883, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf679 63 Preschool or Infant Human Papillomavirus Immunization? 学龄前还是婴儿期接种人乳头瘤病毒疫苗？ Mark A Kane and Eduardo L Franco Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e884–e886, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf678 Correspondence（读者来信） 64 Caution in Interpreting Equivalence From Nonsignificant Findings in Antiretroviral Switch Studies 谨慎解读抗逆转录病毒药物转换研究中非显著性结果得出的等效性结论 Esteban Martinez Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e887–e888, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf675 65 Clarifying INSTINCT: Switching From Dolutegravir/Lamivudine to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Shows Comparable Inflammatory and Weight Outcomes 阐明INSTINCT研究：从多替拉韦/拉米夫定转换为比克替拉韦/恩曲他滨/丙酚替诺福韦显示出相似的炎症和体重结果 Sergio Serrano-Villar and Santiago Moreno Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e888–e889, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf676 66 Can Doxycycline Prophylaxis Indirectly Reduce Congenital Syphilis? 多西环素预防能否间接降低先天性梅毒的发生率？ Kalpana Gopalkrishnan and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e889–e891, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf694 67 The Urgency of Now: Congenital Syphilis in the Doxycycline Post-exposure Prophylaxis Era 迫在眉睫：多西环素暴露后预防时代的先天性梅毒问题 Matthew A Spinelli and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Page e891, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf695 68 Routine HIV RNA Testing During Injectable Cabotegravir and Oral Preexposure Prophylaxis Use 注射用卡博特韦和口服暴露前预防用药期间进行常规HIV RNA检测 Angelo Roberto Raccagni and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e891–e892, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf702 69 Simplifying Testing for Human Immunodeficiency Virus During Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Monitoring 简化暴露前预防监测期间的人类免疫缺陷病毒检测 Weiming Zhu and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e892–e893, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf703 70 Methodological Considerations in Evaluating Oral Antivirals for B-Cell-Depleted Patients 评估B细胞耗竭患者口服抗病毒药物的方法学考量 Wenjing Chen and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e893–e894, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf717 71 Target Trial Emulation of Oral Antivirals for B-Cell-Depleted COVID-19 Patients—Reply to Chen et al B细胞耗竭型新型冠状病毒肺炎患者口服抗病毒药物的靶试验模拟——回复Chen等人的评论 Xiaofeng F Wang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e894–e895, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf718 72 Misleading Conclusion That Is Not in Accordance With the Results of the Reported Randomized, Controlled Trial 与所报告的随机对照试验结果不符的误导性结论 Charlotte Strøm Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e895–e896, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf659 73 Vaccine Policy Pendulum: A Lesson From Japan 疫苗政策摇摆不定：日本的教训 Masaki Machida and Wakaba Fukushima Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e896–e897, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf689 74 Herpes Zoster, Vaccine, and Stroke Risk 带状疱疹、疫苗与中风风险 Shih-Wei Lai and Sheng-Chun Chiu Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e897–e898, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf725 Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue Supplement_4 临床传染病学 82卷增刊4期 https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/82/Supplement_4 SUPPLEMENT（增刊） IDWeek Industry Highlights 2025 传染病之周2025 行业亮点 SUPPLEMENT ARTICLES（增补论著） 1 Selected Industry Highlights From IDWeek 2025 传染病之周2025 精选行业亮点 Jean-Jacques Parienti and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_4, 15 May 2026, Pages S85–S86, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag206 2 Differing Presentations of Excess Visceral Abdominal Fat in People Living With HIV: Two Clinical Cases Highlighting Distinct Therapeutic Pathways With Tesamorelin and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists HIV感染者内脏腹部脂肪过多的不同表现：两例临床病例展示特沙莫瑞林与胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂的不同治疗路径 Robin Beach and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_4, 15 May 2026, Pages S87–S91, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag121 3 Metagenomic Next-generation Sequencing in Central Nervous System Infections: Clinical Strategies, Evidence, and Best Practices 宏基因组二代测序在中枢神经系统感染中的应用：临床策略、证据与最佳实践 Greer Waldrop and Sumanth P Reddy Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_4, 15 May 2026, Pages S92–S99, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag120 Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue 5 临床传染病学 82卷 5期 https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/ ID Art Through the Ages（穿越时代的传染病技艺） 1 Vaccination Detail, Detroit Industry 疫苗接种细节，底特律工业 Mary Grizzard and Michael Grizzard Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Page i, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag119 In the Literature（本期精选） 2 In the Literature 本期精选 Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages ii–iv, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag180 Voices of ID（传染病之声） 3 Infected With the Academic Bug 染上学术热 Sigrun Einarsdottir Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 743–744, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf546 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 4 Predictive Value of C-reactive Protein for Hospitalization and Mortality Among People With Advanced HIV Disease in Uganda Receiving the World Health Organization-recommended Package of Care C反应蛋白对乌干达接受世界卫生组织推荐治疗方案的晚期HIV疾病患者住院和死亡的预测价值 Elizabeth L Schwartz and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 745–752, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf560 5 Effects of Semaglutide on Cognitive Function in People With HIV: A Randomized, Controlled Trial 塞马谷肽对HIV感染者认知功能的影响：一项随机对照试验 Ornina Atieh and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 753–761, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf577 6 Earlier Initiation of Treatment Following HIV Acquisition Reduces Non-AIDS-defining Malignancy Risk HIV感染后尽早启动治疗可降低非艾滋病相关性恶性肿瘤风险 Iris A J van der Wulp and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 762–772, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf595 7 Let's Get It Started: Early Antiretroviral Treatment After HIV Acquisition Reduces Non–AIDS-Defining Malignancies 让我们开始吧：HIV感染后尽早启动抗逆转录病毒治疗可减少非艾滋病相关性恶性肿瘤 Nancy Crum Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 773–775, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf596 8 Trends in Age-Related Health Outcomes in People with HIV in Spain, 2006–2023 2006–2023年西班牙HIV感染者年龄相关健康结局的趋势 Javier Martínez-Sanz and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 776–784, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf622 9 Emergent HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Randomized Trials of Contemporary Antiretroviral Regimens 当代抗逆转录病毒方案随机试验中新发HIV-1耐药性 Josep M Llibre and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 785–798, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf471 Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology（感染控制与医院流行病学） 10 Mycobacterium tuberculosis Transmission in Healthcare Settings: A Systematic Review of Frequency, Risk Factors, and Exposure Conditions 医疗机构中结核分枝杆菌传播：频率、危险因素及暴露条件的系统综述 Fizza Manzoor and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 799–807, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag053 Medical Microbiology（医学微生物学） 11 Metagenomic Next-generation Sequencing of Cerebrospinal Fluid: First-year Experience at a Tertiary Referral Hospital 脑脊液宏基因组二代测序：一家三级转诊医院首年经验 Sergio Alvarez Mulett and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 808–814, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf390 12 Navigating Nomenclature in Patient Care: Taxonomy Considerations From the College of American Pathologists’Microbiology Committee 患者诊疗中的命名导航：美国病理学家学会微生物学委员会的分类学考量 Jennifer Dien Bard and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 815–821, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf474 13 Implementing Point-of-Care Testing in Infectious Diseases 在感染性疾病中实施床旁检测 Jean-Claude Nguyen Van and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 822–828, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf650 Mycobacterial Infections（分枝杆菌感染） 14 Impact of Diabetes Mellitus in Tuberculosis (TB) Patients on TB Transmission 糖尿病对结核病（TB）患者TB传播的影响 Chuan-Chin Huang and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 829–840, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf647 15 Association of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis With Crohn's Disease: A Large Multicenter Study From a Tuberculosis-Endemic Region 副结核分枝杆菌与克罗恩病的关联：来自结核病流行地区的一项大型多中心研究 Sudheer Kumar Vuyyuru and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 841–847, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf738 16 Short-Course Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy in a High Migration Setting: Early Experience With 1HP in Cook County, Illinois 高移民背景下的短程结核病预防性治疗：库克县（伊利诺伊州）1HP方案的早期经验 Samuel Starke and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 848–851, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf723 17 Role of Low-Dose Infliximab for Inflammatory Complications of Central Nervous System Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study 低剂量英夫利昔单抗在中枢神经系统结核炎性并发症中的作用：一项回顾性队列研究 Selwyn Selva Kumar D and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 852–856, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf573 18 Targeting Inflammation in Tuberculous Meningitis Treatment 靶向结核性脑膜炎治疗中的炎症 Guy E Thwaites Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 857–859, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf574 Pediatric and Maternal Infectious（儿科与孕产妇感染） 19 A 15-year Single-center Analysis of Late-onset Group B Streptococcus Infection Correlating Clinical Severity With Pathogen Virulence Determinants 晚发型B族链球菌感染的15年单中心分析：临床严重程度与病原体毒力因子的相关性 Carl Britto and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 860–867, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf603 20 Evaluating Personal and Environmental Decolonization Strategies for Children With Skin and Soft Tissue Infection and Their Households — A Randomized Clinical Trial 评估皮肤和软组织感染儿童及其家庭的个人与环境去定植策略——一项随机临床试验 Alaina L Robinson and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 868–877, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf627 Surgical Infectious Diseases（外科感染） 21 Impact of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE)–Active Perioperative Prophylaxis in Liver Transplant Patients Colonized by VRE 万古霉素耐药肠球菌（VRE）主动围手术期预防对VRE定植肝移植受者的影响 Giulia Jole Burastero and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 878–887, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf121 22 Cephalosporins Versus Non-cephalosporin Antibiotics for Perioperative Prophylaxis in Primary Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 头孢菌素与非头孢菌素类抗生素在初次关节置换术围手术期预防中的比较：系统综述与荟萃分析 Rita Igwilo-Alaneme and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 888–900, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag172 Photo Quizzes（影像问答） 23 Safari Souvenir: A Case of Fever in a Returning Traveler safari纪念品：一例返程旅行者发热病例 Nicole L Kusnik and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 901–903, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag129 24 Diagnostic Pitfalls—When First Appearances Can Deceive 诊断陷阱——当表象具有欺骗性 Annie Caldwell and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 904–907, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag044 Clinical Trials（临床试验） 25 Evaluation of a Remote Therapeutic Monitoring Device and Integrated Care Platform in Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy 远程治疗监测设备与综合护理平台在门诊肠外抗微生物治疗中的评估 Emily A Siegrist and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e899–e909, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag009 26 Dolutegravir Reduces Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Proviral Load and Improves Neurological Outcomes in a Phase 2 Controlled Trial 多替拉韦降低人T淋巴细胞病毒1型前病毒载量并改善神经系统预后：一项2期对照试验 Carlos Brites and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e910–e920, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag163 27 Dolutegravir Appears to Lower Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Proviral Load: The Emerging Rational Approach to Treatment of HTLV-1–Associated Myelopathy 多替拉韦似乎可降低人T淋巴细胞病毒1型（HTLV-1）前病毒载量：HTLV-1相关脊髓病治疗的新兴理性方法 Eric A Meyerowitz Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e921–e922, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag164 COVID-19 / SARS COV-2（新冠肺炎/严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型） 28 Overlapping Clinical Presentation of Long COVID and Postacute COVID-19 Vaccination Syndrome: Phenotypes, Severity, and Biomarkers 长效新冠与急性新冠疫苗接种后综合征的临床表现重叠：表型、严重程度及生物标志物 Lawrence Purpura and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e923–e931, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf624 29 Integrating Genomic Data into Test-negative Designs for Estimating Lineage-specific COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness 将基因组数据整合入检测阴性设计以估计谱系特异性COVID-19疫苗有效性 Kevin C Ma and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e932–e941, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag059 Hepatitis（肝炎） 30 Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in People With HIV HIV感染者经直接抗病毒药物治疗丙型肝炎病毒后肝细胞癌的风险 Daniela K van Santen and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e942–e950, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf635 31 Fatal Overdose, Acute Viral Hepatitis, and HIV Attributed to Injection Drug Use, Appalachian Region of the United States, 2000–2023 阿巴拉契亚地区2000–2023年注射吸毒导致的致命过量、急性病毒性肝炎及HIV Danae Bixler and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e951–e959, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf730 32 Estimated Hepatitis C Prevalence and Viral Clearance Using Residual Sera From a Large Commercial Laboratory: November 2023–September 2024 利用大型商业实验室剩余血清估算丙型肝炎患病率及病毒清除率：2023年11月至2024年9月 Megan G Hofmeister and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e960–e966, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag007 HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病） 33 State AIDS Drug Assistance Programs’Contribution to the US Viral Suppression, 2015–2022 美国各州艾滋病药物援助项目对全美病毒抑制的贡献，2015–2022年 Kathleen A McManus and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e967–e973, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag034 34 Centering AIDS Drug Assistance Programs in the US HIV Response 将艾滋病药物援助项目置于美国HIV应对的核心 Benjamin P Linas Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e974–e975, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag035 35 Association of Immunodeficiency and HIV Viremia With Cervical Precancer and Cancer Risk Among Women With HIV in South Africa 南非HIV感染女性中免疫缺陷和HIV病毒血症与宫颈癌前病变及癌症风险的关联 Yann Ruffieux and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e976–e983, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag093 36 Antiretroviral Activity, Pharmacokinetics, and Safety of MK-8527, an Oral Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Translocation Inhibitor, in Adults With HIV-1 Who Had Not Previously Taken Antiretroviral Agents: Results From 2 Open-Label, Phase 1 Studies MK-8527（一种口服核苷逆转录酶转位抑制剂）在既往未接受过抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV-1感染成人中的抗逆转录病毒活性、药代动力学及安全性：来自两项开放标签1期研究的结果 Russ P Carstens and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e984–e991, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag135 37 Point-of-Care Urine Tenofovir Drug-Level Feedback Counseling Improves Long-Term Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Adherence for US Men Who Have Sex With Men in Pilot RCT 床旁尿液替诺福韦药物浓度反馈咨询改善美国男男性行为者长期暴露前预防用药依从性——一项先导随机对照试验 Matthew A Spinelli and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e992–e995, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag080 Mycobacterial Infections（分枝杆菌感染） 38 Diagnostic Accuracy of the STANDARD F TB-Feron FIA Assay for Tuberculosis Infection in Vietnam: A Cross-Sectional Study STANDARD F TB-Feron FIA检测在越南结核感染诊断中的准确性：一项横断面研究 Han Thi Nguyen and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e996–e1004, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf561 39 Asymptomatic Tuberculosis in Children With Household Exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis 有结核分枝杆菌家庭接触史儿童中的无症状结核病 Humphrey Mulenga and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1005–e1013, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf562 40 Insights into the Role of Rifampicin Exposure and Clinical Baseline Covariates on the Response to Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treatment 利福平暴露及临床基线协变量对肺结核治疗反应影响的深入认识 Marie Wijk and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1014–e1022, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf586 41 Tuberculosis Infection Screening Recommendations for Targeted Immunotherapies: Comparison of US Prescribing Information, Clinical Resources, and Quality Measures 靶向免疫治疗的结核感染筛查建议：美国处方信息、临床资源与质量指标的比较 Matthew T Murrill and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1023–e1035, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf628 42 Pharmacokinetics of Dexamethasone in Tuberculous Meningitis 地塞米松在结核性脑膜炎中的药代动力学 Jose M Calderin and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1036–e1042, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf642 43 One Piece in the Puzzle of Tuberculous Meningitis: Dexamethasone Pharmacokinetics 结核性脑膜炎拼图中的一块：地塞米松药代动力学 Tjip S van der Werf and Marieke G G Sturkenboom Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1043–e1044, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf644 44 Future Prospects for Using Clinical Phenotypes in Tuberculosis Precision Medicine—An Approach for Clinical Management 临床表型用于结核精准医学的未来前景——一种临床管理方法 Katarina Niward and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1045–e1052, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf663 Pediatric and Maternal Infectious Diseases（儿科与孕产妇感染） 45 Maternal, Pregnancy, and Infant Outcomes in Women Treated for Multidrug-Resistant/Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis With Novel and Repurposed Drugs in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa 南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省接受新型及重新利用药物治疗耐多药/利福平耐药结核病的女性的母婴预后 Marian Loveday and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1053–e1062, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf593 46 Pregnant Women With Multidrug-Resistant/Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis and the All-Oral 6-Month Regimen: Experiences From a Patient Series in South Africa 南非耐多药/利福平耐药结核病孕妇与全口服6个月方案：一例系列患者的经验 Marian Loveday and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1063–e1071, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag032 47 Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Shedding and T-cell Immune Responses in HCMV-seropositive Women During Pregnancy and Postpartum: Prevalence, Natural History, and Risk Factors HCMV血清阳性女性孕期及产后人巨细胞病毒（HCMV）排毒和T细胞免疫应答：患病率、自然史及危险因素 Shari Sapuan and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1072–e1082, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag076 Vaccines（疫苗） 48 Safety and Immunogenicity of a Fourth Dose of Omicron BA.1–Adapted BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccines in Adults 18–55 Years Old 奥密克戎BA.1适配BNT162b2 COVID-19疫苗第四剂在18–55岁成人中的安全性和免疫原性 Patricia Winokur and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1083–e1092, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag026 49 Immunogenicity and Safety of the AS01E-adjuvanted Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Prefusion F Protein Vaccine in Adults Aged 18–49 Years at Increased Risk of RSV Disease Compared with Adults Aged ≥60 Years AS01E佐剂呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）预融合F蛋白疫苗在18–49岁RSV高风险成人中与≥60岁成人的免疫原性和安全性比较 Essack Mitha and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1093–e1103, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag058 50 Real-World Effectiveness of RSVpreF and RSVpreF3 Vaccines in Preventing Hospitalization and Emergency Department Visits Associated With Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Older Adults: A Meta-analysis RSVpreF和RSVpreF3疫苗在预防老年人RSV相关住院和急诊就诊中的真实世界有效性：一项荟萃分析 Dewan Md Sumsuzzman and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1104–e1111, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag107 51 Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Interim Findings From a Phase 3 Trial of mRNA-1345 实体器官移植受者的呼吸道合胞病毒疫苗接种：mRNA-1345三期试验中期结果 Erick F Mayer and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1112–e1121, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag108 Photo Quiz（影像问答） 52 Crusted, Chronic, and Confusing 结痂、慢性化与困惑 Luisa Hurtado-Rossi and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1122–e1125, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf583 Correspondence（读者来信） 53 Unmasking the Hidden Guests: Referral and Secondary Infection Biases in Cutibacterium Endocarditis 揭开隐藏的访客：Cutibacterium心内膜炎中的转诊偏倚和二次感染偏倚 Shuo Li and Lin Wang Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Page e1126, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf733 54 Reply to Willoughby on the Demise of the Milwaukee Protocol for Rabies 对Willoughby关于密尔沃基狂犬病方案终结的回复 Alan C Jackson and Thiravat Hemachudha Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1126–e1127, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf734 55 Estimating Vaccine Effectiveness Against Symptomatic Infection From Its Effectiveness Against Asymptomatic Infection 从无症状感染的疫苗有效性估算有症状感染的疫苗有效性 Eyal Shahar Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1127–e1128, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf735 56 Contextualizing On-Therapy Resistance Development With Novel Antibiotics: Interplay Between Timing of Therapy Initiation and Critical Illness–Linked Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Unpredictability 新型抗生素治疗中耐药产生的情境化解读：治疗启动时机与危重疾病相关药代动力学/药效学不可预测性之间的相互作用 Dilip Dubey and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1128–e1129, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag010 57 The Clinical Thermometer as the First Home Test for Infectious Disease 临床体温计：感染性疾病的首个家用检测工具 Michele Augusto Riva Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1129–e1130, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag030 58 Methodology Misrepresented: Correcting the Record on the American Thoracic Society Community-acquired Pneumonia Guideline Process 方法论被歪曲：更正美国胸科学会社区获得性肺炎指南制定过程的记录 Kevin C Wilson and Eyal Oren Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1130–e1131, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag040 59 Misleading Comments About the Impact of Early Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccination on Neonatal and Infant Mortality 关于早期卡介苗接种对新生儿和婴儿死亡率影响的误导性评论 Peter Aaby and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1131–e1132, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag065 60 Questioning Non-inferiority: Methodological Concerns in the Meta-analysis of Oral vs Intravenous Therapy for Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia 质疑非劣效性：金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症口服与静脉治疗荟萃分析中的方法学问题 Dawd S Siraj and Fauzia Hollnagel Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1132–e1133, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag070 61 Problems With Electronic Health Record Penicillin Allergy Mislabeling and Recommendations for Their Correction 电子健康记录中青霉素过敏标注错误的问题及纠正建议 David J Witt and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Page e1134, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag086 62 Complex Problem, Digital Cure? Rethinking Penicillin Allergy Relabeling Using Technology-Enabled Care 复杂问题，数字解药？利用技术赋能护理重新思考青霉素过敏重新标注 Elise A Mitri and others Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1135–e1137, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag084

2026-05-30

·磐研智库

2026 mRNA产业全景解析

权威数据来源： FDA、NMPA官方公告、ASCO/AACR行业年会报告、《Nature》《Science》顶刊论文、中科院及海外顶尖科研机构成果、海内外头部药企公开临床资料统计时间： 2026年5月核心总览： mRNA全称信使核糖核酸，核心功能是向人体细胞传递蛋白质合成指令，全程不改变人体基因组，完成工作后会被细胞自然降解，安全性突出。如今该技术早已跳出新冠疫苗的单一应用，发展为覆盖疾病预防、精准治疗、组织再生修复的通用底层医疗技术。经历前几年的资本泡沫后， 2026年行业完成深度洗牌，技术迭代、递送突破、临床落地成为全行业核心主线。一、核心技术原理：从基础结构到三代技术升级（一）基础生物学逻辑专业解释 DNA承载人体全部遗传信息，整体封闭在细胞核内部，不会随意变动。 mRNA作为中间转运载体，先转录DNA上的遗传信息，之后离开细胞核，进入细胞质中引导核糖体合成各类功能性蛋白质。天然mRNA为单链结构，不仅极易被人体内的核酸酶分解，还会被免疫细胞表面的TLR3/7/8免疫受体识别，触发全身性炎症反应，这也是早期mRNA难以做成治疗药物的核心原因。通俗解读可以把DNA理解为锁在库房里的整套建筑总图纸，是人体的根本基因信息，不会轻易改动。 mRNA就像是从总图纸上摘抄内容的临时施工清单，把生产指令送到细胞这个“加工厂”，指挥工厂造出身体需要的各类蛋白。这份临时清单用完就会被自动销毁，不会留下任何痕迹。但天然状态下的清单材质脆弱，很容易破损，还会被身体的“安保系统”当成外来异物攻击。（二）主流应用：第三代成熟线性mRNA （当前临床、上市产品统一标准）行业通过五大化学修饰与序列优化，补齐了天然mRNA的短板，也是目前全球所有商业化、临床阶段mRNA产品的通用技术方案，下面逐条拆解原理、通俗含义与实际效果。第一类为Cap1/Cap2双帽结构改造。专业机制：对mRNA的5'端进行化学修饰，形成特殊帽状结构，一方面可以阻挡核酸酶对分子的降解，另一方面能大幅提升mRNA与核糖体的结合能力。通俗解读：相当于给施工清单加盖了官方标识，既防止清单被损坏，也能让细胞工厂快速识别指令、开工生产。核心效果：蛋白质翻译合成效率整体提升300%。第二类为m1ψ与ψ双碱基修饰。专业机制：将mRNA链上天然的尿苷替换为假尿苷、N1-甲基假尿苷，改变分子表面特征，躲避免疫受体TLR3/7/8的识别，从根源降低免疫原性。通俗解读：给清单穿上一层“隐身外衣”，让身体免疫系统无法识别出这是外来物质，避免出现红肿、发烧等炎症反应。核心效果：支持多次重复给药，彻底解决反复注射引发的副作用问题。第三类为AI优化UTR序列。专业机制：利用人工智能算法重新设计mRNA两端的5'、3'非翻译区，延长分子在体内的存活时间，同时强化与核糖体的结合效率。通俗解读：优化清单的排版格式，让工厂读取指令的速度更快，清单的使用时长也得到延长。核心效果：蛋白质表达量提升2至5倍。第四类为120-150nt精准Poly(A)尾设计。专业机制：在mRNA的3'端精准拼接120至150个腺苷酸序列，强化分子整体结构稳定性，延缓降解速度。通俗解读：给清单接上一条加长的防撕裂尾巴，让清单在体内留存更久。核心效果： mRNA体内有效作用时长从原本的6小时，延长至72小时。第五类为末端发夹结构加固。专业机制：在mRNA分子末端设计发夹状特殊结构，抵御核酸酶的切割破坏。通俗解读：给清单的边缘做加固处理，进一步提升抗破损能力。核心效果：无论是体外储存，还是进入人体后，分子稳定性都大幅提升。（三）下一代颠覆性技术（2026-2030年行业主流方向，前沿重点）1. 环状mRNA（circRNA）专业机制：将原本线性的mRNA首尾相连，形成闭合环状结构，分子不存在游离末端，核酸酶无法进行切割降解；同时该结构不再需要额外添加帽结构与Poly(A)尾，大幅简化合成工艺流程。通俗解读：把直线型的施工清单改成环形，没有首尾断点，很难被撕坏，而且制作步骤也大幅减少。关键进展：体内半衰期可达7天，是常规线性mRNA的10倍，生产成本直接降低50%。在该领域中国实现全球领跑，深信生物、环码生物的环状mRNA管线均已进入临床I期。2. 自扩增mRNA（saRNA）专业机制：在mRNA序列中嵌入病毒复制酶基因，分子进入细胞后可以自主完成复制，数量能够扩增100至1000倍，仅需极低给药剂量，就能实现高强度的蛋白表达。通俗解读：这份清单自带“复印机”，进入细胞后会自动批量复制，少量原料就能产出足量的“产品”。关键进展：该技术尤其适配疫苗、肿瘤治疗场景。 Moderna研发的自扩增mRNA流感疫苗目前进入临床II期，免疫保护效力相比普通mRNA疫苗提升40%。二、递送系统：mRNA落地的核心壁垒行业共识： mRNA药物研发， 90%的成败取决于递送技术。 mRNA分子体积大、带负电、结构脆弱，无法自主穿透细胞膜，递送系统就相当于纳米级快递载体，核心作用是保护mRNA、精准靶向指定器官、协助分子进入细胞并完成释放。结合2026年最新科研与临床成果，八大主流递送体系完整解析如下：1. LNP脂质纳米颗粒（全球商业化绝对主流）专业机制：由四种组分按标准配比构成。可电离脂质为核心成分，进入细胞内的酸性囊泡后会带上正电，融合囊泡膜并释放内部的mRNA；辅助脂质用于稳定整体结构，辅助膜融合过程；胆固醇强化脂质膜的刚性，防止载体破裂； PEG化脂质能够减少载体被血液系统清除，延长体内循环时间。通俗解读：这是一种双层脂质打造的“安全胶囊”，把脆弱的mRNA包裹在内，一路保护它抵达目标位置，进入细胞后胶囊自动破开，释放内部指令。关键信息： 2026年国内艾博生物、深信生物、剂泰生物实现可电离脂质全流程国产化量产，原材料成本下降70%，打破海外长期专利垄断。该载体存在天然短板，生理特性偏向聚集在肝脏，针对肺部、脑部、实体肿瘤的递送效率偏低。2. LPP脂质多聚复合物（斯微生物原创技术）专业机制：采用外层脂质、内层高分子聚合物的双层复合结构，和LNP属于完全独立的技术路线，优化了分子在淋巴结、肺部、实体瘤组织的富集能力。通俗解读：升级版双层防护快递车，防护性更强，并且能精准驶向肺部、肿瘤、淋巴结等LNP难以抵达的区域。关键信息：该递送技术性能处于国际第一梯队，但拥有这项核心技术的斯微生物已于2026年4月破产清算。核心原因是企业管线布局单一，十几年间未能推出任何商业化产品，长期依靠融资生存，最终资金链断裂。这也成为行业洗牌的标志性事件：仅有递送技术，没有可落地的产品，依然无法长久发展。3. SORT选择性器官靶向技术（获FDA突破性疗法认定）专业机制：在标准LNP载体表面修饰特异性靶向脂质，改变载体表面电荷与受体结合特性，人为改写靶向器官。通俗解读：给标准快递车加装智能导航，人为设定行驶路线，实现“指哪送哪”。关键信息：修饰后可实现肺部靶向，雾化给药后肺泡富集率达到90%；靶向淋巴结、脾脏时，肿瘤疫苗的免疫激活效果提升50%；目前脑部靶向方向也已完成初步技术突破。4. AI理性设计脂质递送（中科院2026年重磅成果）专业机制：借助人工智能解析脂质分子三维空间构象，以及分子与细胞膜的相互作用规律，摆脱传统人工试错模式，精准筛选最优脂质配方。通俗解读：由AI量身定制专属快递车，不再靠经验和运气摸索。关键信息：改造后载体靶向效率提升10倍，整体毒性下降60%，研发周期压缩70%。该技术已在黑色素瘤疫苗模型中完成验证，人体免疫T细胞应答能力提升3倍。5. 外泌体递送（唯一可无创穿透血脑屏障的载体）专业机制：外泌体是人体细胞自然分泌的纳米囊泡，生物相容性极强，免疫原性几乎为零，天然具备穿透血脑屏障的能力。通俗解读：使用人体自身产生的天然“运输车”，不会产生排异反应，也是目前唯一能顺利进入大脑的递送载体。关键信息：主要用于阿尔茨海默病、帕金森、脑胶质瘤等脑部疾病治疗。 2026年多款基于外泌体的脑胶质瘤mRNA疫苗进入临床I期。6. 氨基酸协同增效技术（2026年3月《Science》发表通用技术）专业机制：将甲硫氨酸、精氨酸、丝氨酸三种氨基酸与LNP联合使用，能够增强细胞对载体的摄取能力，同时提升内体逃逸效率，大幅提高mRNA表达水平。通俗解读：给快递车加装强力燃料，让运输和工作效率全面翻倍。关键信息：属于全品类LNP产品通用升级方案，可使mRNA表达量提升5至20倍，同时将CRISPR基因编辑效率从25%提升至90%，改造成本极低、增益效果显著。7. FLNP氟化可视化脂质系统（中科院全球首创）专业机制：对LNP进行氟化修饰，让载体具备MRI核磁成像信号，实现体内分布、富集、表达全过程可视化追踪。通俗解读：给快递车加装定位器，科学家可以实时看到药物进入人体后去往了哪里、是否正常工作，彻底解决以往“体内作用黑箱”问题。关键信息： 2026年1月正式对外发布，主要应用于高端制剂研发与临床精准监测。8. 活体细胞载体递送（实体瘤专属方案）专业机制：利用人体单核细胞、树突状细胞天然向肿瘤、引流淋巴结迁移的特性，将mRNA包裹进免疫细胞内部，依靠细胞自主移动完成递送。通俗解读：借用人体免疫细胞充当“专车”，主动奔赴肿瘤深处给药。关键信息：靶向效率提升80%以上，专门攻克胰腺癌、肺癌这类组织致密、常规载体难以穿透的难治实体瘤。三、临床与商业化进展（2026年5月最新，全网谣言正式澄清）重要前置澄清（权威核验）截至2026年5月底，全球没有任何一款mRNA癌症疫苗获得FDA、EMA、NMPA正式上市批准。网传“2026年5月22日美国批准mRNA癌症疫苗”为自媒体杜撰内容，无任何官方文件、药企公告作为依据。以下所有临床数据、进展，均来自ASCO、AACR年会及药企官方披露。（一）肿瘤mRNA疫苗（行业关注度最高，最接近上市赛道）1. 全球头部管线：Moderna+默沙东 mRNA-4157 专业机制：属于个性化新抗原疫苗。先提取患者肿瘤组织的基因信息，筛选出肿瘤特有的突变抗原序列，合成对应mRNA，进入人体后指挥免疫系统识别、攻击残留癌细胞，实现术后防复发。通俗解读：给免疫系统发放“癌细胞通缉令”，精准识别并清除体内残余的肿瘤细胞。核心数据： IIb期KEYNOTE-942研究显示，联合PD-1单抗用药后，患者复发/死亡风险降低49%； 5年无病生存率达到58%，显著优于单独使用抗癌药物。当前状态：处于III期临床试验阶段，已获得FDA优先审评资格，行业权威预测2027年有望成为全球首款获批的mRNA癌症疫苗。2. 国产核心管线：威斯津生物WGc-043 适应症：针对EB病毒相关的鼻咽癌、淋巴瘤。核心数据：临床阶段疾病控制率达到66.67%，目前已进入博鳌真实世界临床应用阶段，同时完成中美两国临床申报。3. 胰腺癌疫苗（BioNTech管线）核心数据：术后接种该款mRNA疫苗，患者4年生存率达到87.5%，而传统治疗方案仅为20%，复发风险大幅下降92%，相关数据在2026年AACR年会公布。4. 现货型肿瘤疫苗（Moderna）无需为患者单独定制，属于通用型疫苗。黑色素瘤临床数据显示，客观缓解率83%，疾病控制率92%。（二）传染病疫苗（目前唯一实现大规模商业化的赛道）1. Moderna mCOMBRIAX（新冠+流感二联疫苗）： 2026年5月获欧盟批准，主要面向50岁以上人群。一针可同时预防两种病毒，整体保护效率比单一疫苗提升40%。2. mRESVIA（RSV疫苗）：针对呼吸道合胞病毒，对老年人群的保护率达89%，预计2026年第四季度正式获批。3. mRNA-1010（季节性流感疫苗）： III期临床数据优于传统流感疫苗，相对保护效力提升26.6%，预计2026年底完成审批。4. 口服轮状病毒mRNA疫苗：目前已完成III期临床入组，计划2026年底提交上市申请，将成为全球首款口服剂型mRNA疫苗。（三）罕见病蛋白替代治疗（中长期刚需赛道）专业机制：多数罕见病是因为人体无法合成某一种关键功能蛋白。 mRNA进入人体后，指挥细胞持续合成缺失蛋白，替代传统终身注射药物的治疗模式。通俗解读：让身体自己生产“治病物资”，不用反复外来给药。1. 血友病A/B： Moderna相关mRNA疗法进入III期临床，单次皮下注射，体内凝血因子水平可维持6个月。2. 丙酸血症、甲基丙二酸血症：对应管线mRNA-3927、mRNA-3705进入注册临床阶段，预计2027至2028年陆续获批。3. α-1抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症：国产管线进入I期临床，是国内首批布局罕见病的mRNA药物。四、国内行业格局：泡沫出清，硬核企业崛起 1. 彻底出局企业：斯微生物企业累计融资超14亿元，手握LPP这类原创核心递送技术，但长期存在管线单一、无商业化产品落地的问题，仅依靠技术概念融资，最终破产清算。该事件标志着国内mRNA行业野蛮生长阶段彻底结束，如今行业核心评判标准变为临床数据、产品落地、商业化能力。2. 国内第一梯队企业（技术、进度双领先）艾博生物：国内管线布局最全面，同时覆盖传染病、肿瘤、罕见病三大方向， LNP递送技术成熟稳定，是目前国产mRNA领域的龙头企业。深信生物：核心优势集中在下一代环状mRNA、肝外靶向递送技术，前沿技术布局处于国内顶尖水平，多条管线进入临床I期。剂泰生物：主打AI脂质设计与产业化落地能力，生产配套体系完善。丽凡达生物：深耕个性化肿瘤疫苗，已完成中美两国临床申报，实体瘤临床数据表现优异。3. 全产业链国产化突破2026年， mRNA生产所需的酶原料、帽结构、可电离脂质、专业生产设备以及CDMO代工服务，逐步有望实现国产替代。整体生产成本下降70%，逐步摆脱海外技术与供应链卡脖子的局面。五、市场规模与投资逻辑1. 核心市场数据2026年全球mRNA市场规模约530亿美元，同比增长42%；预计2035年全球规模将达到1570亿美元，年复合增长率13.2%。中国市场增速高于全球平均水平，预计2030年国内市场规模突破300亿元。2. 赛道投资优先级第一梯队：个性化肿瘤mRNA疫苗，市场天花板最高，临床价值与商业价值确定性最强。第二梯队：肝外精准递送技术，属于全行业核心卡脖子环节，技术壁垒最高。第三梯队：环状mRNA、自扩增mRNA等下一代技术，长期发展潜力最大。第四梯队：罕见病蛋白替代疗法，患者群体刚需强，现金流稳定。第五梯队：多联传染病疫苗，落地速度最快，商业化模式最成熟。3. 行业核心风险第一，临床研发风险：肿瘤疫苗II/III期临床失败率约40%，研发不确定性较高。第二，同质化竞争：常规LNP传染病疫苗产能过剩，行业已经出现价格战。第三，技术迭代风险：环状RNA、DNA疫苗等替代技术快速发展，落后技术容易被市场淘汰。六、未来5-10年发展展望1. 癌症逐步转为慢性病： AI基因测序结合个性化mRNA疫苗全面普及，实现高危人群提前预防、术后防复发、晚期肿瘤联合治疗，癌症不再是绝症。2. 罕见病迎来根治方案：依靠mRNA蛋白替代技术，多数先天性罕见病可实现单次给药、长期治愈，告别终身服药。3. 人体器官原位再生：利用mRNA调控修复因子表达，实现心肌、神经、肝肾组织的自我修复，大幅降低器官移植的需求。4. 脑部疾病无创治疗普及：外泌体等递送技术成熟后，无需开颅即可治疗阿尔茨海默病、帕金森、脑胶质瘤等脑部疑难病症。5. 慢病实现断根治疗：针对糖尿病、自身免疫病等终身性慢病， mRNA可修复人体代谢与免疫缺陷，从根源上摆脱药物依赖。结语2026年的mRNA，早已褪去疫情带来的流量泡沫，回归底层医疗技术的本质。它依靠独特的分子作用机制，搭配不断突破的递送技术，串联起预防、治疗、再生、抗衰全领域。旧时代靠概念讲故事的玩家已然退场，手握硬核技术、能实现产品落地的企业成为行业新主角。未来十年， mRNA将一步步把“根治癌症、终结罕见病、修复人体器官”从科研成果，变成大众可触及的医疗现实，持续引领全球医疗革命。

100 项与 Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine(Moderna) 相关的药物交易

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研发状态

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适应症	国家/地区	公司	日期
呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎	欧盟	Moderna Biotech Spain SLU	2024-08-22
呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎	冰岛	Moderna Biotech Spain SLU	2024-08-22
呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎	列支敦士登	Moderna Biotech Spain SLU	2024-08-22
呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎	挪威	Moderna Biotech Spain SLU	2024-08-22
呼吸道合胞体病毒感染	美国	ModernaTX, Inc.	2024-05-31

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临床结果

适应症

分期

评价

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研究	分期	人群特征	评价人数	分组	结果	评价	发布日期


NCT06060457 (Pubmed \| Hum Vaccin Immunother)	临床3期	呼吸道合胞体病毒感染	1,900	mRNA-1345 RSV vaccine + quadrivalent influenza vaccine	觸顧蓋襯餘顧觸夢膚網(壓艱願鏇齋獵壓餘鹹鹽) = no deaths 範艱鹽憲願簾膚鹽鬱壓 (觸鏇鬱鏇鏇窪築鹽鏇淵 ) 更多	积极	2026-12-01
NCT05330975 (Pubmed \| Clin Infect Dis)	临床3期	呼吸道合胞体病毒感染	543	mRNA-1345	窪艱齋齋鑰遞鏇齋衊構(鑰餘鹹觸窪壓膚糧網醖) = 餘壓簾蓋壓願繭選願窪顧築簾糧觸衊築蓋憲築 (艱顧築願艱艱築願窪繭, 73.7 ~ 81.0) 更多	积极	2025-09-24
NCT04528719 (Pubmed \| Hum Vaccin Immunother) 人工标引	临床1期	呼吸道合胞体病毒感染	46	mRNA-1345 15 μg	構廠築壓積齋範窪製獵(憲遞蓋構遞鬱構鹹膚壓) = 衊襯網簾繭顧獵構鏇網鏇簾夢齋範膚壓簾夢網 (願簾蓋夢鏇網齋觸憲齋, 27.3 ~ 50.0) 更多	积极	2025-09-15
				mRNA-1345 30 μg	構廠築壓積齋範窪製獵(憲遞蓋構遞鬱構鹹膚壓) = 繭壓鹹選蓋範鑰構顧觸鏇簾夢齋範膚壓簾夢網 (願簾蓋夢鏇網齋觸憲齋, 53.3 ~ 71.4) 更多
NCT06060457 (CTgov)	临床3期	呼吸道合胞体病毒感染	1,900	Fluzone HD+mRNA-1345 (Fluzone HD + mRNA-1345 Followed by Placebo)	壓蓋糧醖繭齋蓋鹹艱構 = 夢淵襯觸築簾鬱觸鏇鑰獵壓糧觸遞壓艱艱鑰積 (衊壓繭廠積範糧醖鏇選, 憲製糧襯餘鬱製製網選 ~ 獵襯獵鬱廠鏇鏇壓選襯) 更多	-	2025-07-30
				Fluzone HD+mRNA-1345 (Fluzone HD + Placebo Followed by mRNA-1345)	壓蓋糧醖繭齋蓋鹹艱構 = 積廠顧繭鑰積製築範顧獵壓糧觸遞壓艱艱鑰積 (衊壓繭廠積範糧醖鏇選, 憲鹹網鏇範製艱餘鏇鏇 ~ 構選淵鹽艱糧艱積糧憲) 更多
NCT05127434 (ConquerRSV, Pubmed \| J Infect Dis)	临床2/3期	-	-	mRNA-1345 RSV Vaccine (mRNA-1345 50-µg)	衊壓衊壓壓獵鑰範簾廠(淵淵鏇範壓製窪鏇齋夢) = 製鏇醖獵範膚廠蓋壓網壓鬱蓋醖糧艱鑰築鏇範 (構鹹襯鑰壓網膚積網遞 ) 更多	积极	2024-11-15
NCT04528719 (Pubmed)	临床1期	呼吸道合胞体病毒感染	25	mRNA-1345	醖壓獵夢艱鏇鑰憲觸淵(醖壓構憲鹹鏇鏇鑰餘鏇) = 襯鹹廠齋衊構壓艱選願鏇衊齋遞網顧鬱艱餘鬱 (憲膚鏇廠顧願願鑰築夢 ) 更多	积极	2024-09-09
				安慰剂	-
NCT05127434 (Pubmed 1 \| Pubmed 2 \| N Engl J Med) 人工标引	临床2/3期	呼吸道合胞体病毒感染	35,541	mRNA-1345	鏇糧夢齋範繭觸願齋衊(鹹構構鹹簾鏇範糧齋糧) = 積顧廠簾網選淵膚鏇膚積鹹獵遞蓋觸網夢觸襯 (襯蓋鬱憲鹹淵醖鹹襯鹹, 66.0 ~ 92.2) 更多	积极	2023-12-14
				Placebo	蓋蓋獵蓋觸鏇選簾獵願(膚醖繭網構選觸夢築廠) = 壓鑰構襯鏇遞艱觸簾壓襯衊築鏇鏇鏇獵網醖鹹 (齋願觸願窪鬱鹽醖鏇鹹 )
NCT05127434 (ConquerRSV, Biospace) 人工标引	临床3期	呼吸道合胞体病毒感染	37,000	mRNA-1345	選網壓範夢鏇鏇淵範繭(選鑰製選淵鏇艱夢衊範) = 夢鏇壓鏇壓衊窪鹹構鹹襯簾憲鏇網選積願觸鹽 (鑰範範鹽積壓窪製襯壓, 66.1 ~ 92.2) 更多	积极	2023-08-03
NCT05127434 (Accesswire) 人工标引	临床3期	呼吸道合胞体病毒感染	37,000	mRNA-1345	餘觸鹹繭鹹遞鑰鬱鹽夢(夢齋壓鏇觸餘鏇獵獵蓋) = 齋艱廠廠鑰艱壓窪製廠構淵選積蓋願範艱築鹹 (壓選選糧憲淵襯夢膚鑰 ) 达到更多	积极	2023-01-17
				Placebo	餘觸鹹繭鹹遞鑰鬱鹽夢(夢齋壓鏇觸餘鏇獵獵蓋) = 繭製鬱壓鬱網顧壓選構構淵選積蓋願範艱築鹹 (壓選選糧憲淵襯夢膚鑰 ) 达到更多