For the purpose of overcoming the problems of traditional molecularly imprinted Polymers(MIPs), which need to be combined with instrumental detection, complicated and inefficient operation, MIL-101(Fe,Co)@MIP fluorescent sensor was developed in this study for the rapid and accurate detection of sulfamethazine (SM2). In this study, a bimetallic Metal-Organic Frameworks(MOF) called MIL-101(Fe,Co) was prepared by Co doping into MIL-101(Fe), exhibiting 1.6-fold enhancement in peroxidase like activity compared to the MIL-101(Fe). Additionally, the integration of MIL-101(Fe,Co) and mixed monomer imprinted polymers brought the specific surface area augmentation by a factor approaching two, coupled with approximately 5-fold amplification in detection efficacy. Adsorption performance tests were conducted on MIL-101(Fe,Co)@MIP, achieving an adsorption capacity of 24.33 mg/g with the adsorption time reduced to 30 min. In this work, we developed a novel fluorescence sensor using MIL-101(Fe,Co)@MIP as a method for SM2 detection, and the method exhibited a linear detection range from 0.02 to 25 μM, with the detection limit as low as 6.5 μg/L while showing excellent interference resistance and stability. The method was also applied to real sample detection, showing an average recovery range of SM2 in water samples from 81.31 % to 97.11 % with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.57 %-3.20 %, and no significant difference compared to the UPLC-MS/MS method, demonstrating good accuracy and practicality. All in all, the MIL-101(Fe,Co)@MIP fluorescence sensing detection method is easy to operate, fast in detection, and serves as a novel approach suitable for the rapid detection of SM2.