预约演示
更新于：2026-10-29
Ketamine Hydrochloride
盐酸氯胺酮
更新于：2026-10-29
概要
基本信息
简介小分子药物氯胺酮作为 N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸 (NMDA) 受体的调节剂，以商品名 KETALAR 销售，主要用作麻醉药。 1970 年，Endo International 首次在美国批准氯胺酮用于医疗用途。 该药物可作为微酸性无菌溶液用于静脉内或肌肉内注射，每毫升多剂量小瓶含有 10 毫克氯胺酮碱。 氯胺酮起效迅速并产生镇静、解离和镇痛作用。 它通常用于手术过程中的麻醉，并作为慢性疼痛患者的止痛药。 氯胺酮作为抗抑郁药可能具有一定的潜力，但需要更多的研究来确定其对该适应症的疗效和安全性。 使用氯胺酮作为麻醉剂或止痛药可能会引起一些副作用，包括幻觉、恶心和呕吐。 |
药物类型 小分子化药 |
别名 (+-)-Ketamine、(±)-ketamine、2-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-2-methylamino-cyclohexanone + [42] |
作用方式 调节剂 |
作用机制 NMDA receptor调节剂(谷氨酸[NMDA]受体复合体调节剂) |
最高研发阶段批准上市 |
首次获批日期 美国 (1970-02-19), |
最高研发阶段(中国)批准上市 |
特殊审评快速通道 (美国)、孤儿药 (美国)、创新许可和获取途径 (英国)、局长国家优先审评券 (美国) |
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结构/序列
分子式C13H17Cl2NO |
InChIKeyVCMGMSHEPQENPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
CAS号1867-66-9 |
关联
2,422
项与 盐酸氯胺酮 相关的临床试验IRCT20161022030421N3
Comparison of the effect of intravenous ketamine and midazolam as a premedication in children undergoing cochlear implantation at the time of separation from parents
NCT05945147
Feasibility Study Comparing a Ketamine and Midazolam Infusion to a Midazolam-Only Infusion for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
NCT06816433
A Phase 2, Multi-center, Multi-arm, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind, Adaptive Platform Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Potential Pharmacotherapeutic Interventions in Active-Duty Service Members, Veterans, and Non-Veteran Civilians With PTSD
100 项与 盐酸氯胺酮 相关的临床结果
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100 项与 盐酸氯胺酮 相关的转化医学
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100 项与 盐酸氯胺酮 相关的专利（医药）
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30,006
项与 盐酸氯胺酮 相关的文献（医药）2027-02-01JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
Rapid antidepressant-like effects of Chaihu Shugan San in female restraint-stressed mice: involvement of hippocampal TC2N and ERβ–eNOS–CaMKII–BDNF signaling
Article
作者: Shao, Mengqi ; Lu, Chao ; Jiang, Yiran ; Cheng, Wenqing ; Wu, Lei ; Xiang, Haoke ; Sun, Yan ; Tian, Liyuan ; Zhu, Yaping ; Wei, Zixuan
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:
Chaihu Shugan San (CSS), a classical seven-herb formula from the Ming-dynasty text Jing-Yue Quanshu, is widely prescribed for depressive disorders in China. Previous preclinical studies reported antidepressant-like effects only after weeks of repeated administration, mostly in male animals. Whether a single dose of CSS can produce rapid antidepressant-like effects in female animals, and through what mechanism, remains unclear.
AIM OF THE STUDY:
To determine whether a single administration of CSS produces rapid antidepressant-like effects in female mice exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS), and to explore the underlying hippocampal mechanism.
METHODS AND MATERIALS:
CSS quality was controlled by HPLC quantification of four index components. Female CRS mice received a single dose of CSS (1, 2 or 4 g/kg, i. g.) or ketamine (10 mg/kg, i. p.), followed by behavioral testing (tail suspension, forced swimming, sucrose preference and open field tests) within 2-24 h. Hippocampal RNA sequencing, RT-qPCR, Western blotting and ELISA were used to identify and validate candidate targets; hippocampal AAV-mediated TC2N overexpression and pretreatment with the ERβ antagonist acolbifene or the CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 were used for interventional validation.
RESULTS:
Batch-to-batch variation of the four index components was below 10% (RSDs 3.51-5.66%), with naringin (313.07 ± 11.16 μg/mL) and hesperidin (196.40 ± 11.11 μg/mL) as the major constituents. Acute administration of CSS (2 and 4 g/kg), like ketamine, shortened immobility time in the tail suspension test at 2 h and in the forced swimming test at 12 h, and restored sucrose preference at 24 h, without affecting locomotor activity. Hippocampal transcriptomics identified Tc2n as up-regulated by CRS and down-regulated by CSS, with Esr2, Nos3 and Camk2a showing the opposite pattern; these changes were confirmed at the mRNA and protein levels within 2 h. Hippocampal TC2N overexpression or pretreatment with acolbifene or KN-93 abolished the rapid behavioral effects of CSS and the associated changes in ERβ-eNOS-CaMKII-BDNF signaling.
CONCLUSION:
CSS produces rapid, ketamine-comparable antidepressant-like behavioral effects in female CRS-exposed mice, accompanied by down-regulation of hippocampal TC2N and involvement of ERβ, eNOS, CaMKII and BDNF. Because only female mice were studied, these findings are specific to females and support an estrogen-linked mechanism that warrants confirmation in male animals and further translational study.
2027-01-01NURSE EDUCATION TODAY
Nursing education for emerging psychedelic-assisted therapy: A role-calibrated curriculum approach
Article
作者: Yıldız, Erman
THE CONTEMPORARY ISSUE:
Clinical and regulatory interest in psychedelic-assisted therapy has created an educational challenge for nursing. Nurses may encounter people receiving treatment in research, regulated services, ketamine-related care or unregulated settings, yet curricula were not designed for the pharmacological, relational, ethical and governance questions involved.
WHY IT MATTERS FOR NURSING EDUCATION:
The supporting clinical evidence is promising but contested, and the substances grouped under the broad psychedelic label differ in mechanism, legal status and monitoring requirements. Education must therefore combine critical evidence appraisal with patient-safety preparation rather than imply endorsement of widespread implementation. It must also distinguish foundational literacy from preparation for role-specific clinical responsibilities.
CURRICULUM DIRECTIONS:
An illustrative curriculum approach is proposed. Undergraduate sequencing is deliberately limited to foundational literacy and safety, whereas graduate and advanced-practice preparation is calibrated to role, jurisdiction, credentialing and service governance. A shared advanced core is followed by differentiated tracks. Psychiatric-mental health and specialist mental health roles may require greater depth in psychiatric assessment, diagnostic and crisis formulation, treatment planning, advanced psychopharmacology and supervised psychotherapy-informed care where authorised. Family and other non-psychiatric advanced-practice roles require bounded preparation in physical assessment, medication reconciliation, contraindication recognition, referral, co-management and follow-up. Therapeutic presence is translated into observable communication, monitoring, consent, boundary and escalation behaviours. Evaluation should progress from knowledge and attitudes to observed simulation performance, supervised transfer, protocol adherence and patient-safety outcomes.
CONCLUSION:
Curriculum reform should remain provisional, jurisdiction-sensitive and linked to faculty development, governance and lived-experience partnership. Educational exposure does not confer clinical authority, credentialing or legal permission. Nursing education can prepare graduates to participate safely where appropriate and to challenge poorly governed or commercially driven models of care.
2027-01-01PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH-NEUROIMAGING
Default mode network functional connectivity following treatment with conventional antidepressants and (es)ketamine in major depressive disorder: A systematic review
Review
作者: Schoevers, Robert A ; van Dalfsen, Jens H ; Lima Constantino, Juliana ; Nuninga, Jasper O ; de Jager, Jesca E ; Kamphuis, Jeanine
Antidepressant treatments, including conventional antidepressants and (es)ketamine, may reverse default mode network (DMN) resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) alterations related to major depressive disorder (MDD). Despite these agents having distinct initial action mechanisms, both likely share downstream effects that lead to structural and functional adaptations in MDD-related neural circuits. Examining the effects of these agents on DMN rsFC can provide insights into network-level effects, advance understanding of network-level mechanisms of treatment response, and generate hypotheses regarding potential neurobiological differences between MDD and treatment-resistant depression populations. A systematic search was performed to retrieve studies investigating changes in DMN rsFC following treatment with conventional antidepressants and (es)ketamine in MDD, including the association with clinical outcomes. Nineteen studies were included, 13 administered conventional antidepressants (N = 546), and six intravenous ketamine (N = 247). Conventional antidepressants were associated with heterogeneous changes in DMN rsFC, some of which related to clinical improvements. Conversely, ketamine mostly related with reductions in DMN rsFC, particularly in DMN-limbic connectivity. While interpretations of current findings are limited by heterogeneity in study populations, treatment regimens, and timing assessments, findings suggest that these agents exhibit mostly distinct patterns of DMN modulation, and that differential effects on DMN rsFC associate with clinical improvements.
100 项与 盐酸氯胺酮 相关的药物交易
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研发状态
批准上市
10 条最早获批的记录, 后查看更多信息
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| 适应症 | 国家/地区 | 公司 | 日期 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 疼痛 | 美国 | 2025-08-08 | |
| 麻醉 | 美国 | 1970-02-19 | |
| 麻醉 | 美国 | 1970-02-19 |
未上市
10 条进展最快的记录, 后查看更多信息
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| 适应症 | 最高研发状态 | 国家/地区 | 公司 | 日期 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 自杀意念 | 申请上市 | 美国 | 2025-03-11 | |
| 双相情感障碍及相关疾病 | 临床3期 | 美国 | 2022-01-30 | |
| 躁郁症 | 临床3期 | 美国 | 2019-06-25 | |
| 酒精使用障碍 | 临床3期 | 英国 | - | |
| 创伤后应激障碍 | 临床2期 | 美国 | 2023-11-27 | |
| Rett综合征 | 临床2期 | 美国 | 2023-02-02 | |
| 药物性运动障碍 | 临床2期 | 美国 | 2021-10-05 | |
| 帕金森病 | 临床2期 | 美国 | 2021-10-05 | |
| 丛集性头痛 | 临床2期 | 丹麦 | 2019-11-20 | |
| 重度抑郁症 | 临床2期 | 澳大利亚 | 2019-05-30 |
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临床结果
临床结果
适应症
分期
评价
查看全部结果
临床2期 | 50 | 積艱鏇艱憲艱鹹鑰壓窪(遞網繭鬱憲鑰製齋鹽襯) = 願襯醖鹽遞鹽積選築膚 淵醖願願窪築襯淵鑰鏇 (遞夢蓋願繭獵膚鑰構網 ) 更多 | 积极 | 2026-11-01 | |||
積艱鏇艱憲艱鹹鑰壓窪(遞網繭鬱憲鑰製齋鹽襯) = 衊製鹽憲願範製廠壓醖 淵醖願願窪築襯淵鑰鏇 (遞夢蓋願繭獵膚鑰構網 ) | |||||||
N/A | - | 95 | Ketamine + Perampanel | 網衊網艱襯鑰憲願網窪(簾窪醖繭築鹽製襯壓選) = 窪觸淵築範簾夢願願簾 鑰積餘鏇積簾膚鏇窪醖 (積膚鹹餘壓範觸鹹鑰鏇 ) 更多 | 积极 | 2026-10-27 | |
Other antiseizure and anesthetic agents | 網衊網艱襯鑰憲願網窪(簾窪醖繭築鹽製襯壓選) = 夢簾憲艱築製觸蓋網醖 鑰積餘鏇積簾膚鏇窪醖 (積膚鹹餘壓範觸鹹鑰鏇 ) 更多 | ||||||
临床4期 | 200 | (Anesthesia Induction With Ketamine) | 鹹網衊製簾簾觸製壓壓 = 獵築衊製範觸夢窪顧廠 廠簾積窪鹹糧夢顧簾廠 (構繭艱願齋繭蓋繭鹹觸, 夢製觸壓鏇齋廠顧範遞 ~ 憲積憲艱遞觸網齋繭襯) 更多 | - | 2026-10-20 | ||
(Anesthesia Induction With Propofol) | 鹹網衊製簾簾觸製壓壓 = 廠糧積窪獵遞齋顧築顧 廠簾積窪鹹糧夢顧簾廠 (構繭艱願齋繭蓋繭鹹觸, 觸製襯憲遞憲製鹽積膚 ~ 廠鏇膚鹽鏇襯鏇膚選膚) 更多 | ||||||
临床3期 | 50 | 獵醖廠選餘鹽鑰鹽夢膚(製淵廠顧繭襯願簾鏇醖) = 餘窪願網獵積簾衊窪觸 餘顧齋衊構襯齋膚艱艱 (蓋築鬱觸廠選網憲醖壓, 3.6) 更多 | - | 2026-10-15 | |||
(Midazolam) | 獵醖廠選餘鹽鑰鹽夢膚(製淵廠顧繭襯願簾鏇醖) = 餘襯構壓觸膚廠衊顧醖 餘顧齋衊構襯齋膚艱艱 (蓋築鬱觸廠選網憲醖壓, 1.6) 更多 | ||||||
N/A | 46 | 廠齋築獵憲鬱鬱餘艱繭(選夢餘壓夢鏇廠鏇構糧) = Group RK demonstrated higher intraoperative blood pressures 艱顧壓壓壓觸鑰廠構壓 (衊膚夢獵壓夢艱廠顧繭 ) 更多 | 积极 | 2026-09-24 | |||
临床4期 | 69 | 網窪獵選範鹽築鬱夢襯(鹹網顧鹽願鬱醖遞築艱) = p < 0.001 鏇範衊艱膚獵廠鏇鹹顧 (築襯範鹹顧願夢築顧艱 ) | 积极 | 2026-09-06 | |||
临床2期 | 63 | 願糧壓醖築製餘餘醖鏇(繭鏇鑰觸齋窪齋鏇積鹹) = 膚衊襯鑰鏇鑰艱觸網構 憲選鬱願顧衊鑰築願壓 (製廠網構網顧範鏇繭觸 ) | 积极 | 2026-09-02 | |||
临床4期 | 31 | 蓋壓範壓鏇範顧簾餘糧(鏇鏇鬱壓鬱蓋繭鑰餘淵): P-Value = 0.36 更多 | 不佳 | 2026-09-01 | |||
临床2期 | 73 | (Ketamine and Prolonged Exposure (PE)) | 顧選廠範衊遞淵憲壓簾(齋淵鑰夢願繭窪襯淵齋) = 鹹網膚築糧簾鏇襯衊簾 網選網構壓淵淵顧齋選 (膚鹹蓋顧鑰鏇廠衊積廠, 9.3) 更多 | - | 2026-07-15 | ||
(Midazolam and Prolonged Exposure (PE)) | 顧選廠範衊遞淵憲壓簾(齋淵鑰夢願繭窪襯淵齋) = 憲觸鹽膚窪夢鏇醖鑰醖 網選網構壓淵淵顧齋選 (膚鹹蓋顧鑰鏇廠衊積廠, 11.0) 更多 | ||||||
临床2期 | 15 | 鏇製繭廠憲糧範鹽夢窪(膚遞獵顧衊壓築積範築) = No serious or unexpected adverse events occurred. 襯壓鏇觸遞網鏇夢衊構 (淵壓鬱鹹鏇憲製繭選顧 ) | 积极 | 2026-06-03 | |||
Midazolam (0.03 mg/kg) |
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