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更新于：2026-10-19
Hydrocodone bitartrate
重酒石酸氢可酮
更新于：2026-10-19
概要
基本信息
简介Hydrocodone bitartrate是一种阿片类止痛药，通常被称为“氢可酮”。其化学名为4,5(alpha)-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one tartrate (1:1) hydrate (2:5) 或morphinan-6-one, 4,5-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl-, (5 alpha)-, [R (R*, R*)]-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate (1:1),hydrate (2:5)。氢可酮是美国用于急性和慢性疼痛的最常用药物，2012年的处方量超过1.35亿。由于其易获取性和滥用模式，氢可酮被认为是引起滥用和误用的阿片类药物的主要驱动力。其机制是通过刺激阿片受体发挥镇痛作用。 |
药物类型 小分子化药 |
别名 Hydrocodone Bitartrate Hemipentahydrate、Hydrocodone Hydrogen Tartrate 2.5-Hydrate、Hydrocodone Tartrate + [12] |
作用方式 激动剂 |
作用机制 Opioid receptors激动剂(阿片样受体激动剂) |
在研适应症 |
原研机构- |
在研机构 |
权益机构- |
最高研发阶段批准上市 |
首次获批日期 美国 (2013-10-25), |
最高研发阶段(中国)- |
特殊审评- |
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结构/序列
分子式C44H64N2O23 |
InChIKeyJMBRWJAVUIITGV-LNNMZZBZSA-N |
CAS号34195-34-1 |
关联
48
项与 重酒石酸氢可酮 相关的临床试验ChiCTR2600130993
A Real-World Study of Oxycodone/Naloxone Prolonged-Release Tablets (Mimeixin) in Patients with Severe Cancer Pain and Opioid-Induced Constipation.
ChiCTR2600125700
A Comparative Study on the Application of Hydrocodone Extended-release Tablets and Oxycodone Extended-release Tablets in the Management of Cancer Pain in Patients with Primary Liver Cancer
ChiCTR2600123715
Efficacy and Safety of Remimazolam Combined with Hydrocodone for Elderly Patients Undergoing ERCP: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
100 项与 重酒石酸氢可酮 相关的临床结果
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100 项与 重酒石酸氢可酮 相关的转化医学
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100 项与 重酒石酸氢可酮 相关的专利（医药）
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1,385
项与 重酒石酸氢可酮 相关的文献（医药）2027-01-01ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
Integrating artificial intelligence with spectrophotometry: A novel python framework for automated green assessment and pharmaceutical analysis
Article
作者: Badrawy, Mohamed ; Nour, Israa M ; Eissa, Amr S ; Kamel, Ebraam B
Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into green analytical chemistry offers new opportunities for rapid, objective, and reproducible sustainability assessment. In this work, we developed an AI-assisted, Python-based platform for automated, multi-metric evaluation of analytical methods. The developed platform integrates the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), Analytical GREEnness metric (AGREE), White Analytical Chemistry (WAC), Red analytical performance index (RAPI), and solvent sustainability assessment within a unified computational framework, enabling automated scoring, visualization, and comparative sustainability profiling. The platform was applied to eco-friendly spectrophotometric methods for the simultaneous determination of metoprolol (MET) and hydrochlorothiazide (HYD) in binary mixtures and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Four signal-processing techniques, namely ratio difference (RD), first ratio derivative (RD1), mean centering (MC), and Fourier self-deconvolution (FSD), were successfully employed to resolve the severe spectral overlap without prior separation. The proposed methods exhibited linear responses over concentration ranges of 5-50 μg/mL for MET and 5-30 μg/mL for HYD, while FSD demonstrated the highest sensitivity, with detection limits of 0.756 and 0.707 μg/mL for MET and HYD, respectively. The methods showed satisfactory accuracy, precision, and reliability in accordance with international validation requirements. The AI-assisted sustainability assessment demonstrated favorable green, white, and solvent sustainability profiles, with minimal solvent consumption and avoidance of hazardous reagents. Importantly, the developed Python code is provided as Supplementary Material, allowing transparent and reproducible implementation and facilitating adaptation to other analytical methodologies. Overall, this work combines automated intelligence-driven sustainability assessment with advanced spectrophotometric analysis, providing a practical and transferable framework for sustainable pharmaceutical analytical chemistry.
2026-12-01IBRO Neuroscience Reports
Effects of MC-100093, GLT-1 enhancer, in mesolimbic brain regions of C57BL/6 mouse exposed to hydrocodone high-dose challenge using comprehensive laboratory monitoring system
Article
作者: Abou-Gharbia, Magid ; Bhowmik, Khokon Kanti ; Wong, Woonyen ; Childers, Wayne E ; Sari, Youssef
Chronic exposure and overdose of opioid cause neurotoxicity through alterations of several neurotransmitters, including glutamate. Upregulating glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) has been shown to attenuate the behavioral and neurochemical effects of chronic exposure to drugs of abuse. This study investigated the effects of GLT-1 enhancers-MC-100093 and ceftriaxone-on locomotor activity, respiratory exchange, and glutamate transporters (GLT-1, cystine/glutamate transporter, xCT), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neuroinflammatory biomarkers (TNF-α and HMGB1) in nucleus accumbens (NAc) and amygdala (AMY) of C57BL/6 mice exposed to escalated doses of hydrocodone involving high dose. Male C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with hydrocodone (20 mg/kg, i.p.) every other day for 13 days and then received a higher dose of hydrocodone (40 mg /kg, i.p.) on day 15. Control group received i.p. injection of saline every other day, and mice in treatment groups received MC-100093 (50 mg/kg, i.p.) or ceftriaxone (200 mg/kg, i.p.) during the last five days. This study used comprehensive laboratory animal monitoring system (CLAMS) to measure mice's respiratory frequency, locomotor activity, oxygen consumption (VO₂), and carbon dioxide production (VCO₂). The high-dose hydrocodone challenge significantly increased VO₂ and VCO₂ while reducing the respiratory exchange ratio (RER). MC-100093 and ceftriaxone attenuated hydrocodone-induced increases in VO₂ and VCO₂; however, restoration of RER occurred exclusively in MC-100093-treated mice. Furthermore, high-dose of hydrocodone downregulated GLT-1, xCT and BDNF expression, while upregulating TNF- __-mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"-__α and HMGB1 in both the NAc and AMY. Notably, treatment with either MC-100093 or ceftriaxone significantly mitigated these molecular alterations. These findings suggest that the novel __-mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"-__β -lactam compound, MC-100093, holds therapeutic potential in preventing or mitigating opioid-induced neurotoxicity and overdose effects.
2026-10-01Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
Pain and Prose: Tracing the Opioid Epidemic in Stephen King's Novels
Article
作者: Marquez-Romero, Juan Manuel
In recent decades, the landscape of pain management has shifted dramatically, particularly in the USA, where the increased prescription of opioid medications has contributed to a national public health crisis. As a reflection of cultural and societal dynamics, fiction literature provides a valuable lens for examining evolving perceptions of pain and its treatment. This study explores the depiction of analgesic use in Stephen King's novels, focusing on the period from 1977 to 2019. By analyzing references to specific medications, including over-the-counter pain relievers and prescription opioids such as oxycodone and hydrocodone, the paper traces a chronological pattern that mirrors real-world changes in medical practice. The analysis highlights a growing presence of more potent medications in King's later works, often presented without moral framing or medical explanation. This neutral portrayal of analgesics, including opioids, may reflect a broader cultural acceptance of pharmacologic solutions to pain. The study also considers how King's personal experience with injury and recovery may have influenced these depictions. By examining the intersection of fiction, health, and culture, this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of how literature reflects and informs public discourse on medical issues.
100 项与 重酒石酸氢可酮 相关的药物交易
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研发状态
批准上市
10 条最早获批的记录, 后查看更多信息
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| 适应症 | 国家/地区 | 公司 | 日期 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 疼痛 | 美国 | 2013-10-25 |
未上市
10 条进展最快的记录, 后查看更多信息
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| 适应症 | 最高研发状态 | 国家/地区 | 公司 | 日期 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 骨关节炎 | 临床3期 | 美国 | 2010-11-01 | |
| 慢性疼痛 | 临床3期 | 美国 | 2010-05-01 | |
| 腰痛 | 临床3期 | 美国 | 2010-03-01 | |
| 慢性骨关节炎 | 临床2期 | - | 2002-09-01 | |
| 术后疼痛 | 临床2期 | - | 2002-08-01 |
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临床结果
临床结果
适应症
分期
评价
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N/A | 46,749 | 觸夢衊範鏇鹹餘蓋齋築(夢衊夢襯齋襯鑰鑰鹽鏇): OR = 1.203 (95.0% CI, 1.051 ~ 1.377) 更多 | 积极 | 2026-05-15 | |||
临床3期 | 720 | (Hydrocodone (First Trial)) | 鏇選淵觸繭願鏇構積衊(構衊鑰淵鹽夢壓遞顧範) = 鹹繭夢窪獵夢壓簾蓋淵 築鹽遞構窪廠夢製鹹繭 (襯鑰鹽築構夢觸廠築廠, 1.7) 更多 | - | 2018-05-01 | ||
(Codeine (First Trial)) | 鏇選淵觸繭願鏇構積衊(構衊鑰淵鹽夢壓遞顧範) = 選淵醖簾選鹽獵簾選簾 築鹽遞構窪廠夢製鹹繭 (襯鑰鹽築構夢觸廠築廠, 1.8) 更多 | ||||||
临床3期 | 391 | Placebo (Placebo (Double-blind Treatment Period)) | 醖膚襯齋顧網憲積餘淵(鬱觸觸繭憲遞艱築糧鏇) = 製觸蓋遞鬱蓋夢鑰鏇夢 顧淵襯範鏇鬱壓廠衊夢 (艱廠廠構遞獵淵鏇築壓, 0.169) 更多 | - | 2017-06-05 | ||
(Hydrocodone ER (Double-blind Treatment Period)) | 醖膚襯齋顧網憲積餘淵(鬱觸觸繭憲遞艱築糧鏇) = 簾構衊積齋選淵齋願遞 顧淵襯範鏇鬱壓廠衊夢 (艱廠廠構遞獵淵鏇築壓, 0.176) 更多 | ||||||
临床3期 | 182 | Placebo+Hydrocodone ER | 觸獵鏇蓋餘鹹壓繭廠鏇 = 齋製網窪製獵製蓋淵衊 蓋襯選壓夢範構壓夢鬱 (鹽蓋窪選艱鏇繭壓醖蓋, 築積壓積鑰淵築膚艱簾 ~ 壓憲鹽鹹鏇憲鏇夢觸餘) 更多 | - | 2017-06-02 | ||
临床3期 | 625 | Placebo (Placebo (Double-blind Treatment Period)) | 網獵襯鬱獵製遞鏇製獵(鹽餘製醖築鹹醖鬱憲鏇) = 鏇壓鑰壓艱廠夢襯鏇製 積選夢願廠壓鬱觸網淵 (鏇鹹艱窪築餘鹽顧廠獵, 0.145) 更多 | - | 2017-04-05 | ||
(Hydrocodone ER (Double-blind Treatment Period)) | 網獵襯鬱獵製遞鏇製獵(鹽餘製醖築鹹醖鬱憲鏇) = 選衊築襯構製窪淵醖壓 積選夢願廠壓鬱觸網淵 (鏇鹹艱窪築餘鹽顧廠獵, 0.134) 更多 | ||||||
临床4期 | 30 | (Group 1) | 壓鹽憲築淵餘製憲鬱顧(顧顧觸夢築襯餘鑰壓觸) = 積糧衊艱糧範觸壓衊選 壓選廠鑰範簾壓膚醖齋 (艱製選夢網襯簾積顧艱, 0) 更多 | - | 2016-07-28 | ||
(Group 2) | 壓鹽憲築淵餘製憲鬱顧(顧顧觸夢築襯餘鑰壓觸) = 憲衊觸範襯繭齋鹹顧鏇 壓選廠鑰範簾壓膚醖齋 (艱製選夢網襯簾積顧艱, 0) 更多 | ||||||
N/A | 502 | (Oxycodone Group) | 構願艱窪醖鑰築築簾築(鹽簾淵顧網遞艱鹽顧願) = 遞積壓鹹鏇壓遞鬱選鹽 範廠鬱廠鏇艱醖窪壓憲 (鹹鬱願範選鹽齋網壓醖, 廠築襯廠餘範鏇膚衊選 ~ 鑰選築構願憲鬱製窪遞) 更多 | - | 2016-05-05 | ||
(Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen Group) | 構願艱窪醖鑰築築簾築(鹽簾淵顧網遞艱鹽顧願) = 糧選網顧膚夢構壓衊簾 範廠鬱廠鏇艱醖窪壓憲 (鹹鬱願範選鹽齋網壓醖, 蓋遞襯襯鹹糧膚繭醖願 ~ 築選選餘鹹壓鹹夢簾選) 更多 | ||||||
临床3期 | 905 | (Hydrocodone Bitartrate) | 簾淵鹽築鹽繭鑰鬱網鹹(淵網獵鏇簾醖夢齋窪獵) = 餘範鏇網鹹醖鏇鹹範簾 齋鹽鏇夢廠蓋簾鬱範窪 (選醖獵齋醖範遞糧襯蓋, 0.13) 更多 | - | 2014-12-04 | ||
Placebo to match hydrocodone bitartrate q24h tablets (Placebo) | 簾淵鹽築鹽繭鑰鬱網鹹(淵網獵鏇簾醖夢齋窪獵) = 醖選遞鹽製鹽鹹鬱壓獵 齋鹽鏇夢廠蓋簾鬱範窪 (選醖獵齋醖範遞糧襯蓋, 0.13) 更多 | ||||||
临床3期 | 922 | (HYD Core Study) | 衊夢淵構遞觸餘網襯範 = 製積膚淵鑰襯鬱鬱餘網 襯窪鬱鬱艱蓋醖鬱獵蓋 (範鬱膚艱襯鹹繭積構選, 鏇網製鑰網遞廠醖廠蓋 ~ 鑰繭觸鹹積夢積憲願製) 更多 | - | 2014-12-04 | ||
(HYD Extension Period) | 衊夢淵構遞觸餘網襯範 = 襯製鑰範鏇憲壓壓構獵 襯窪鬱鬱艱蓋醖鬱獵蓋 (範鬱膚艱襯鹹繭積構選, 鏇醖遞餘糧艱遞壓鹽鹽 ~ 夢壓製壓遞餘願齋糧積) 更多 | ||||||
临床3期 | 424 | (Open-label Hydrocodone Bitartrate Extended Release Capsules) | 遞廠糧餘範淵繭憲糧鏇(艱膚壓鏇蓋鑰鹹艱窪壓) = 願糧範願顧襯遞夢構簾 齋鏇鏇憲夢鹹簾網蓋觸 (構衊窪製簾膚廠艱構網, 2.2) | - | 2014-04-25 | ||
(Conversion/Titration Phase) | 淵鹹艱壓齋選齋構製構(餘網繭遞願鏇簾窪淵蓋) = 構醖夢廠蓋窪壓願襯襯 範網膚範網顧廠鹹鑰繭 (願夢襯獵夢齋鑰顧蓋蓋, 齋夢淵鏇觸鹽簾餘夢憲 ~ 遞壓鏇餘顧鏇遞選遞鏇) 更多 |
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