Article
作者: Ferrigno, Sara ; Vesentini, Filippo ; Mulè, Rita ; Bortoluzzi, Alessandra ; Franceschini, Franco ; De Angelis, Rossella ; Riccio, Flavia ; Coladonato, Laura ; Mosca, Marta ; Biancalana, Edoardo ; Gerosa, Maria ; Maiolini, Federica ; Iaccarino, Luca ; Tani, Chiara ; Di Lollo, Anna Chiara ; Caporali, Roberto Felice ; Diamanti, Andrea Picchianti ; Lo Gullo, Alberto ; Ramirez, Giuseppe Alvise ; Silvagni, Ettore ; Orlandi, Chiara ; Conigliaro, Paola ; Zanframundo, Giovanni ; Cavagna, Lorenzo ; Guiducci, Serena ; Dagna, Lorenzo ; Palmerini, Miki ; Cardelli, Chiara ; Ceccarelli, Fulvia ; Gatto, Mariele ; Zen, Margherita ; Piga, Matteo ; Moroncini, Gianluca ; Pilo, Pietro Francesco Gavino ; Govoni, Marcello ; Ciccia, Francesco ; Manfredi, Lucia ; De Andres, Maria Ilenia ; Quartuccio, Luca ; Fredi, Micaela ; Bottazzi, Francesca ; Chessa, Elisabetta ; Conti, Fabrizio ; Moroni, Luca ; Iannone, Florenzo ; Trevisani, Marica ; Emmi, Giacomo ; Noviello, Silvia ; De Marchi, Ginevra
BACKGROUND:Anifrolumab is a type I interferon receptor antagonist approved for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, real-world evidence on its use, especially from large, unselected cohorts, is scarce. The ongoing REVEAL study is designed to collect real-world data on anifrolumab use. The data reported here are the pre-specified 6-month interim analysis, which aims to provide a phenotypic characterisation of a large real-world cohort of patients with SLE initiating anifrolumab, and to evaluate early treatment response in routine clinical practice.
METHODS:REVEAL is a 5-year, multicentre, prospective observational study conducted in 25 tertiary rheumatology centres across Italy. A pre-specified interim analysis was planned when the first 50 patients completed the first 6 months of follow-up; this analysis includes all patients who initiated anifrolumab by the data cutoff of Feb 10, 2025. Patients with SLE were consecutively enrolled on the day of their first infusion of anifrolumab, prescribed according to clinical judgement and Italian indications for use. Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older, had a clinical diagnosis of SLE fulfilling at least one set of established classification criteria valid at the time of diagnosis (1997 American College of Rheumatology [ACR], 2012 Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics, or 2019 European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology-ACR), had active disease warranting anifrolumab treatment (including compassionate use programmes), and were naive to anifrolumab. Data were collected at baseline and at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. The primary outcome was the number of patients reaching remission (defined according to the Definition of Remission in SLE criteria as a clinical SLEDAI-2K score of 0, physician global assessment score of <0·5 [on a 0-3 scale], with a prednisone-equivalent dose ≤5 mg per day, and stable antimalarials or immunosuppressants), Lupus Low Disease Activity State (LLDAS; defined as a SLEDAI-2K ≤4 [with no activity in major organ systems and no new disease activity], physician global assessment ≤1·0, and a prednisone-equivalent dose ≤7·5 mg per day), and LLDAS5 (a modified version of the LLDAS with a prednisone-equivalent dose ≤5 mg per day) at 6 months. Adverse and serious adverse events were also recorded. No people with lived experience of SLE were involved in designing or conducting the study. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT07215754) and with the Italian Medicines Agency (Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco; ID number 247) and recruitment is ongoing.
FINDINGS:Between May 25, 2023, and Feb 10, 2025, 236 patients were recruited and included in this interim analysis. Of these, 219 (93%) were female, 17 (7%) were male, 218 (92%) were White, and the median age was 46·9 years (IQR 36·0-53·6). At baseline, the median SLEDAI-2K was 7 (IQR 6-9), and the main indications for anifrolumab were mucocutaneous (157 [67%]) and articular (116 [49%]) involvement. At 6 months, 37 (26%) of 140 patients reached remission, 80 (57%) reached LLDAS5 and 93 (66%) reached LLDAS. One patient was excluded from the outcome analysis due to missing physician global assessment data. 108 adverse events were recorded during the 6-month follow-up period; of these, 83 (77%) were infections. Five serious adverse events occurred, resulting in six hospitalisations.
INTERPRETATION:This study provides the first large-scale real-world evidence of anifrolumab use in patients with SLE, supporting its clinical benefit and rapid onset of action in routine care.