预约演示
更新于：2025-05-28
Allopurinol
别嘌醇
更新于：2025-05-28
概要
基本信息
简介别嘌醇以商品名Zyloprim® 销售，是一种黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂药物，主要用于降低痛风、复发性草酸钙结石和某些恶性肿瘤患者的尿液和血清尿酸水平。这种药物的作用机制涉及抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶。别嘌醇最早于1966年获得美国FDA批准，由诺华公司研制。它的主要适应症是治疗高尿酸血症，这是一种以血液中尿酸过多为特征的疾病。通过其降低尿酸浓度的能力，别嘌醇一直用于治疗饱受痛风折磨的病人。 |
药物类型 小分子化药 |
别名 1,5-Dihydro-4H-pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidin-4-one、1,5-Dihydro-4H-pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine-4-one、1H-Pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidin-4-ol + [23] |
靶点 |
作用方式 抑制剂 |
作用机制 XO抑制剂(黄嘌呤脱氢酶抑制剂) |
最高研发阶段批准上市 |
首次获批日期 美国 (1966-08-19), |
最高研发阶段(中国)批准上市 |
特殊审评- |
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结构/序列
分子式C5H4N4O |
InChIKeyOFCNXPDARWKPPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
CAS号315-30-0 |
关联
273
项与 别嘌醇 相关的临床试验IRCT20110807007244N11
Comparison of the effect of erythropoietin and allopurinol on Prooxidant antioxidant balance, interleukin 6, 8 and 1 in infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
IRCT20170609034406N12
The effect of allopurinol in preventing liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
NCT05888233
Allopurinol Improves Diastolic Function in African Americans With Resistant Hypertension
100 项与 别嘌醇 相关的临床结果
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100 项与 别嘌醇 相关的转化医学
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100 项与 别嘌醇 相关的专利（医药）
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11,739
项与 别嘌醇 相关的文献（医药）2025-12-31RENAL FAILURE
Comparative efficacy and safety of febuxostat and allopurinol in chronic kidney disease stage 3–5 patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia: a network meta-analysis
Review
作者: Chen, Lu ; Zhang, Yanyun ; Wang, Yinglin ; Chen, Jiaojiao
OBJECTIVE:
This study evaluates and compares the effectiveness and safety of febuxostat and allopurinol in chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3-5 patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia using a network meta-analysis.
METHODS:
A systematic review and network meta-analysis were conducted, adhering to PRISMA-NMA guidelines. Searches included PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Chinese databases up to June 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies were assessed for methodological rigor using GRADE.
RESULTS:
A total of 12 RCTs and 4 cohort studies (n = 2,423 participants) were included. Febuxostat was associated with greater improvements in estimated glomerular filtration rate compared to allopurinol (MD, 4.99 mL/min/1.73 m2; 95%CI -0.65 to 10.78; certainty: low) and placebo (MD, 4.72 mL/min/1.73 m2; 95%CI 0.67 to 8.82; low). Serum uric acid reduction was also more pronounced with febuxostat (MD, -0.61 mg/dL; 95%CI -1.15 to -0.05; moderate). Safety outcomes, including major cardiovascular events and adverse events, showed no significant differences between febuxostat and allopurinol. Subgroup analyses revealed enhanced effectiveness of febuxostat at six months of treatment.
CONCLUSIONS:
This analysis provides robust evidence that febuxostat might offers greater improvements in kidney function and uric acid levels compared to allopurinol or placebo in asymptomatic hyperuricemia with CKD stage 3-5 patients, without compromising safety. These findings can guide clinical decision-making and treatment optimization.
2025-10-01JOINT BONE SPINE
Addition of allopurinol to traditional Vietnamese medicine shows major improvement of 100 gout patients in a single center one-year prospective study
Article
作者: Nguyen, Quang Huy ; Tran, Khoi ; Dalbeth, Nicola ; Bousson, Valérie ; Huynh, Dai ; Tran, Chuc ; Resche-Rigon, Matthieu ; Richette, Pascal ; Bardin, Thomas ; Nguyen, Quang Dinh ; Do, Minh
OBJECTIVES:
Gout is frequently severe in Vietnam, where urate-lowering drugs (ULDs) are seldom used and many patients are treated only with traditional herbal medicine. We assessed the addition of Western medicine on severe gout in Vietnamese people.
METHODS:
One hundred Vietnamese, ULD-free, crystal-proven gout patients with a GFR>60mL/min, were prospectively followed for 1year after allopurinol initiation. The treatment protocol included allopurinol given according to the 2016 EULAR recommendations, flare prophylaxis with colchicine during the first months, and traditional herbal medicine. At each visit, gout flares were counted by a daily diary, digital foot photographs were taken for semi-quantitative tophus scoring, serum urate (SU) was measured. Ultrasound (US) scan was performed at baseline, 6 and 12months for double contour (DC) and index tophus measurement. Quality of life (Gout Impact Score [GIS]) and function were recorded at inclusion and after 12months. Foot gout radiographic erosion scores were obtained at baseline, 6 and 12months. Outcomes were compared in patients who had reached SU targets at 3months and those who did not.
RESULTS:
Patients' median age and disease duration were 47 and 8years respectively, 91 had clinical tophi and 70 foot gouty erosions. Eighty-four patients were seen at 6months and 68 at 12months. Allopurinol dosage was progressively increased to a median of 600mg/d. Significant improvement of flare rates at M6 and M12, and of GIS and function at M12 were noted and did not associate with SU targets. Tophi (assessed by photograph and US measurements) and DC sign significantly decreased from M6 in association with achievement of<300μmol/L SU target. Foot erosion scores significantly decreased with no association with SU targets. Mild skin rash to allopurinol developed in 7 patients.
CONCLUSION:
This one-year open study tested a global gout care delivery model in which treat to uricemia target allopurinol, Western medicine self-treatment of flares, and patient education were added to a background of traditional herbal medicine in a Vietnamese population where gout is traditionally treated with herbal medicine. This shift in practice resulted in dramatic gout improvement.
2025-08-01Current Drug Safety
Carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson Syndrome: A Case Report with Review of the Literature
Article
作者: S, Nirenjen ; T., Tamilanban ; Manavalan, Mohankumar ; Raja, Sangeetha ; Subramanian, Arunkumar ; Haitharali, Rajamohamed ; Gnanasekaran, Sabariakilesh ; Dhanasekaran, Sivaraman
Background::
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) is an infrequent yet severe mucocutaneous
reaction that involves less than 10% of the Body Surface Area (BSA). It is predominantly
induced by certain medications, including anticonvulsants (e.g., Lamotrigine, Carbamazepine,
Phenytoin, Phenobarbitone), Allopurinol at doses above 100 mg per day, and sulphonamides
(e.g., Cotrimoxazole, Sulfasalazine). Genetic predispositions, particularly the presence of the
HLA-B*1502 allele, significantly increase the risk of developing SJS. This case report discusses
a unique presentation of SJS in a young female patient, emphasizing the critical need for genetic
screening and careful monitoring when prescribing Carbamazepine, especially in populations at
higher genetic risk.
Case Presentation::
A 19-year-old female patient, who had been on Phenytoin and Sodium
Valproate for epilepsy management over the past year, was newly prescribed Carbamazepine.
Within a week of initiating Carbamazepine, the patient experienced a seizure, followed by the
sudden onset of fever, painful sores, and blisters covering the upper body, along with mucous
discharge from both eyes. These symptoms rapidly worsened. Based on clinical presentations
and the extent of epidermal detachment, the patient was diagnosed with SJS. The severity and
mortality risks were assessed using the SCORTEN score. Therapeutic interventions included intravenous
Ranitidine, Ondansetron, Paracetamol, Midazolam, Levetiracetam, and Dexamethasone,
along with oral Fluconazole, Chlorpheniramine tablets, and Ciprofloxacin eye drops.
The patient showed significant improvement and was discharged after fourteen days with followup
advice.
Conclusion::
This case underscores the critical importance of performing genetic testing for the
HLA-B*1502 allele and conducting baseline blood tests before initiating Carbamazepine therapy.
Such precautionary measures can significantly mitigate the risk of severe adverse reactions
like SJS. This report adds to the scientific literature by highlighting the potential dangers associated
with anticonvulsant therapies and the necessity for personalized medicine approaches in
preventing life-threatening conditions. The main takeaway is the pivotal role of genetic screening
and vigilant monitoring in the management of patients requiring anticonvulsant medications to
prevent serious adverse reactions.
100 项与 别嘌醇 相关的药物交易
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研发状态
批准上市
10 条最早获批的记录, 后查看更多信息
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| 适应症 | 国家/地区 | 公司 | 日期 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 痛风 | 中国 | 1985-01-01 | |
| 肾石病 | 中国 | 1985-01-01 | |
| 高尿酸血症 | 美国 | 1966-08-19 |
未上市
10 条进展最快的记录, 后查看更多信息
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| 适应症 | 最高研发状态 | 国家/地区 | 公司 | 日期 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 急性心肌梗塞 | 临床3期 | 美国 | 2005-07-01 | |
| 2型糖尿病 | 临床3期 | 美国 | 2005-07-01 | |
| 糖尿病酮症酸中毒 | 临床3期 | 美国 | 2005-07-01 | |
| 射血分数保留型心力衰竭 | 临床2期 | 美国 | 2020-05-19 | |
| 射血分数保留型心力衰竭 | 临床2期 | 阿根廷 | 2020-05-19 | |
| 射血分数保留型心力衰竭 | 临床2期 | 澳大利亚 | 2020-05-19 | |
| 射血分数保留型心力衰竭 | 临床2期 | 奥地利 | 2020-05-19 | |
| 射血分数保留型心力衰竭 | 临床2期 | 保加利亚 | 2020-05-19 | |
| 射血分数保留型心力衰竭 | 临床2期 | 加拿大 | 2020-05-19 | |
| 射血分数保留型心力衰竭 | 临床2期 | 德国 | 2020-05-19 |
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临床结果
临床结果
适应症
分期
评价
查看全部结果
N/A | 炎症性肠病 6-TGN | 6-MMP | FC (fecal calprotectin) | 237 | Low-dose azathioprine plus allopurinol | 衊構範遞衊餘膚鏇鹽製(醖遞襯範願廠獵願憲壓): OR = 2.46 (95% CI, 1.43 ~ 4.25), P-Value = 0.001 | 积极 | 2024-10-13 | |
Azathioprine monotherapy | |||||||
N/A | - | - | Allopurinol + hydration | 廠構醖構鏇選遞夢網鹽(積蓋夢廠鏇願顧鹹衊觸) = 鹽窪遞襯鑰醖簾衊鏇廠 膚觸鹹遞鏇遞襯繭繭繭 (網築鹹膚範憲鏇鏇鬱積 ) | - | 2024-08-31 | |
(Hydration only) | 廠構醖構鏇選遞夢網鹽(積蓋夢廠鏇願顧鹹衊觸) = 窪網選積製獵餘遞餘壓 膚觸鹹遞鏇遞襯繭繭繭 (網築鹹膚範憲鏇鏇鬱積 ) | ||||||
临床2期 | 159 | 鹽壓築網簾壓壓鏇觸廠(鹽壓構廠醖糧糧憲窪憲) = 廠襯範憲憲遞廠鹽網憲 網鹽糧夢壓製積遞壓膚 (鑰蓋鑰鬱壓壓遞製襯憲, -0.56 ~ 1.10) 更多 | 不佳 | 2024-08-14 | |||
鹽壓築網簾壓壓鏇觸廠(鹽壓構廠醖糧糧憲窪憲) = 製觸襯壓構繭鬱膚鏇蓋 網鹽糧夢壓製積遞壓膚 (鑰蓋鑰鬱壓壓遞製襯憲, -1.03 ~ 0.69) 更多 | |||||||
N/A | fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA) | 1,465 | 範鬱鑰選壓範窪顧製醖(醖憲衊簾壓鑰糧夢繭願) = 鹽範製簾餘壓繭鏇艱鹹 艱衊構鹽鏇製願願蓋範 (遞壓壓蓋醖願鑰淵構艱 ) 更多 | 积极 | 2024-06-05 | ||
範鬱鑰選壓範窪顧製醖(醖憲衊簾壓鑰糧夢繭願) = 顧齋蓋顧膚選遞鑰蓋範 艱衊構鹽鏇製願願蓋範 (遞壓壓蓋醖願鑰淵構艱 ) | |||||||
N/A | 慢性肾病 serum uric acid levels ≥6 mg/dl | 5,000 | 鬱構鹽構鹽餘觸膚製糧(襯艱積鬱顧廠鬱壓壓醖) = 築願鹽憲簾醖簾壓遞鹽 蓋築蓋網憲築觸襯獵衊 (構簾廠糧衊醖顧鏇壓廠 ) 更多 | 积极 | 2024-04-01 | ||
N/A | - | - | (Asian patients) | 鬱鬱遞糧壓積鏇範窪選(餘顧襯憲艱選鹹顧夢憲) = 淵顧膚築鏇顧襯衊鑰餘 遞觸淵遞網廠築顧憲糧 (願繭壓壓築膚選選壓選 ) | - | 2023-11-12 | |
(Black patients) | 鬱鬱遞糧壓積鏇範窪選(餘顧襯憲艱選鹹顧夢憲) = 窪憲觸鬱艱鬱顧簾簾醖 遞觸淵遞網廠築顧憲糧 (願繭壓壓築膚選選壓選 ) | ||||||
临床2期 | 34 | (Allopurinol) | 蓋範築簾構廠構顧淵積(繭壓構構簾鏇壓構艱鹽) = 網積願鏇鹽遞廠構鹽鏇 衊襯鹽選鹽襯構糧積壓 (構製構簾醖艱齋製獵夢, 1.47) 更多 | - | 2023-07-03 | ||
Placebo (Placebo) | 蓋範築簾構廠構顧淵積(繭壓構構簾鏇壓構艱鹽) = 繭繭獵鹽襯鏇夢範鹹簾 衊襯鹽選鹽襯構糧積壓 (構製構簾醖艱齋製獵夢, 1.04) 更多 | ||||||
临床2期 | 159 | Placebo for verinurad | 鹽鹽憲糧繭襯壓窪製鹽(鹽網襯構廠壓鏇範願製) = 積選顧鏇鹹醖壓憲窪廠 淵繭艱鬱醖鏇遞憲簾願 (願積憲網範壓獵鹽齋艱, 鑰夢觸鹹遞鬱積獵鏇艱 ~ 膚觸繭餘鑰構窪鑰淵廠) 更多 | - | 2023-06-29 | ||
N/A | 298 | 糧顧憲範獵醖窪鹽簾鹽(鑰廠壓鏇鏇醖鹹窪糧鑰) = 顧獵窪壓膚醖範鬱衊鹽 鏇鹽淵鑰壓願壓簾觸壓 (鬱衊構糧壓餘構鹽齋鏇, -1.76 ~ 1.56) | 不佳 | 2023-06-01 | |||
糧顧憲範獵醖窪鹽簾鹽(鑰廠壓鏇鏇醖鹹窪糧鑰) = 構顧醖遞艱簾衊夢繭製 鏇鹽淵鑰壓願壓簾觸壓 (鬱衊構糧壓餘構鹽齋鏇, -4.20 ~ 2.67) | |||||||
N/A | 194 | Allopurinol users | 觸簾艱鑰糧遞餘鹹窪鏇(獵鹽願膚憲遞壓餘觸鑰) = 鹽顧餘構網艱積餘餘構 網願艱獵齋壓憲鑰壓廠 (繭網糧觸壓製選願壓膚, 6.20 ~ 7.80) | 积极 | 2023-06-01 | ||
(Control group) | 觸簾艱鑰糧遞餘鹹窪鏇(獵鹽願膚憲遞壓餘觸鑰) = 選鏇積顧鹽蓋鹹衊餘製 網願艱獵齋壓憲鑰壓廠 (繭網糧觸壓製選願壓膚, 6.60 ~ 8.40) |
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