Albiglutide

▎药明康德内容团队编辑胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂（GLP-1RA）已被证实具有很大治疗潜力，包括降糖、减重，以及降低重大心血管不良事件风险和改善糖尿病患者肾脏预后。近期研究证据显示，GLP-1RA或有益于改善射血分数保留型心力衰竭（HFpEF）的患者的肾脏结局。部分大型临床试验亚组分析结果表明，GLP-1RA和钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2抑制剂（SGLT-2i）联合治疗，可减少糖尿病患者心力衰竭住院和肾脏疾病复合事件发生率。在此基础上加用非甾体盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂（MRA）非奈利酮，可能进一步强化心肾保护作用，相关研究结果显示，三联治疗预估可将心血管不良事件风险和慢性肾病进展风险分别降低35%和58%。但GLP-1RA+SGLT-2i+非奈利酮三联疗法的临床效益及适用人群仍需更多研究验证。GLP-1RA可降低糖尿病患者主要不良心血管事件发生风险和肾脏不良结局风险糖尿病是心血管疾病和慢性肾病最重要的危险因素之一。相比于无糖尿病患者，糖尿病患者罹患动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病的风险高出2~4倍。慢性肾病是糖尿病的主要微血管并发症，会增加心血管疾病和死亡的风险。控制血糖水平有助于预防慢性肾病微血管并发症和心血管事件的发生。对于糖尿病合并心血管疾病或存在多种心血管和肾脏风险的患者，GLP-1RA是治疗可选择用药之一。LEADER试验纳入了2型糖尿病合并心血管高风险的患者9340例，研究人员将患者随机分配接受利拉鲁肽或安慰剂治疗。研究结果显示，平均随访3.8年，相比于安慰剂组，利拉鲁肽组患者的主要不良心血管事件（心血管死亡、非致死性心肌梗死或非致死性卒中的复合终点）减少了13%（HR=0.87）。SUSTAIN-6试验则显示，在2型糖尿病合并心血管高风险患者中，相比于安慰剂组，司美格鲁肽组（皮下注射，每周0.5 mg或1 mg）心血管不良事件风险降低26%（HR=0.74），卒中风险降低了26%。后续Harmony Outcomes、REWIND、AMPLITUDE-O等研究也证实了GLP-1RA在降低2型糖尿病合并心血管高风险患者心血管不良事件、心肌梗死和卒中风险方面的作用。GLP-1RA不仅具有降糖的作用，也具有减重效应。SELECT试验在肥胖[体重指数（BMI）≥27 kg/m2]合并心血管疾病但无糖尿病的患者中开展，探索使用GLP-1RA对于预防心血管事件发生的作用。研究结果显示，在平均3.3年的观察期内，相比于安慰剂，皮下注射司美格鲁肽可使患者体重较基线降低9.39%、心血管不良事件风险降低20%（HR=0.80），尤其是心肌梗死风险降低28%（HR=0.72）。该研究结果提示，GLP-1RA心血管保护作用与减重相关，而非降糖作用。荟萃分析结果表明，GLP-1RA可将糖尿病合并心血管高风险患者的心力衰竭住院率降低约10%。但关于GLP-1RA降低心力衰竭住院风险的研究结果并不完全一致。FIGHT试验纳入因急性心力衰竭住院的射血分数降低的心力衰竭患者300例。所有患者中位左心室射血分数为25%；82%患有缺血性心脏病、59%患有2型糖尿病。结果显示，利拉鲁肽组与安慰剂组死亡（HR=1.10）和心力衰竭再住院（HR=1.30）风险无显著差异，不同糖尿病状态亚组分析结果也相似。因此，关于射血分数降低的心力衰竭患者能否从GLP-1RA用药中获益，仍有待更多证据进行验证。GLP-1RA改善肾脏结局获益的证据多来源于次要结局或探索性分析，其机制可能与大量蛋白尿进展抑制有关，但对其他临床重要肾脏终点的影响尚不明确，包括肾小球滤过率（eGFR）下降速度、开始肾脏替代治疗的时间等。FLOW试验评估皮下注射司美格鲁肽对2型糖尿病患者慢性肾病影响，研究纳入患者3533例，随机接受司美格鲁肽或安慰剂治疗。主要结局为首次肾功能衰竭的时间（持续eGFR<15 ml/min/1.73m2或开始慢性肾脏替代治疗）。研究结果显示，司美格鲁肽组eGFR较基线下降≥50%或因肾脏或心血管原因死亡风险较低（HR=0.76）。肾脏替代治疗的开始时间延迟，但未达到统计学意义（HR=0.84）。因此，司美格鲁肽或可影响2型糖尿病合并慢性肾病患者的临床肾脏终点。GLP-1RA和SGLT-2i的潜在互补证据一项比较GLP-1RA与SGLT-2i疗效的荟萃分析中，纳入5项GLP-1RA相关和3项SGLT-2i相关试验，涉及77242例患者。与安慰剂组相比，GLP-1RA组的心血管不良事件风险降低了12%（HR=0.88），SGLT-2i组的心血管不良事件风险降低了11%（HR=0.89），这表明GLP-1RA和SGLT-2i降低心血管不良事件风险的程度相似。此外，多项荟萃分析结果显示，无论是否患有糖尿病，SGLT2i在射血分数降低的心力衰竭和射血分数保留的心力衰竭中都能将心力衰竭住院降低约30%。GLP-1RA联合SGLT-2i能否进一步降低糖尿病患者的心血管和肾脏事件的发生？理论上来说是可行的，但尚缺乏相关试验来直接验证联合疗法的效果。此前，AMPLITUDE-O试验和Harmony Outcomes试验分别有15.2%（n=618）和6.1%（n=575）的患者在基线时使用SGLT-2i。AMPLITUDE-O试验事后分析发现，基线时SGLT-2i使用者和未使用者的心血管不良事件风险分别降低了30%和26%（HR=0.70和0.74，相互作用P=0.70）、心力衰竭住院风险分别降低了77%和30%（HR=0.23和0.70，相互作用P=0.35）、复合肾脏结局风险分别降低了48%和30%（HR=0.52和0.70，相互作用P=0.38）。Harmony Outcomes试验事后分析未对肾脏结局进行探讨，但也观察到了类似的结果。DECLARE-TIMI 58试验中，4.4%患者基线时使用GLP-1RA，结果显示，SGLT-2i（达格列净）可降低心血管不良事件、心力衰竭住院和复合肾脏结局的风险，这种作用与基线是否使用GLP-1RA无关。从现有研究来看，GLP-1RA和SGLT-2i的作用机制基本上是独立的，但仍需要进一步研究，以评估二者联合治疗是否能够带来更大的临床益处。GLP-1RA+SGLT-2i+非奈利酮的三联治疗策略FIDELIO-DKD、FIGARO-DKD及FIDELITY试验表明，非奈利酮可减少慢性肾病合并糖尿病患者的心血管和肾脏事件发生率，这主要得益于非奈利酮可降低心力衰竭住院风险。这3项大型临床试验的FINE-HEART汇总分析中，非奈利酮降低了心力衰竭住院、白蛋白尿进展复合终点（排除心血管事件影响）、心血管不良事件和全因死亡的风险。参与者中，基线分别有5.8%和8.9%的患者使用GLP-1RA和SGLT-2i，无论这些药物的使用情况如何，非奈利酮对心血管死亡的治疗效果都是一致的。非奈利酮对心血管和肾脏事件的临床益处也不太可能受到GLP-1RA或SGLT-2i联合治疗的影响。但关于非奈利酮联合GLP-1RA和SGLT-2i的附加作用的临床证据仍然有限。有学者将GLP-1RA、SGLT-2i和非奈利酮的相关临床试验数据进行交叉试验分析，以估计三联治疗的效果。研究结果显示，在糖尿病和蛋白尿患者中，相比于常规治疗，三联治疗组的心血管不良事件、心力衰竭住院和慢性肾病进展的风险分别降低了35%（HRs=0.65）、55%（HRs=0.45）和58%（HRs=0.42）。从结果来看，潜在原因是GLP-1RA、SGLT-2i和非甾体MRA的作用机制通常互补和独立、可能部分重叠。因此，这三类药物结合时的效果可能相加。此外，研究还发现，对于50岁以上的患者，相比于单独使用常规疗法，采用三联疗法治疗的患者心血管不良事件、心力衰竭住院和慢性肾病的无事件生存期分别延长了3.2年、3.2年和5.5年。这提示，相比传统疗法或单独用药，GLP-1RA、SGLT-2i和非奈利酮的三联疗法具有更强的心肾保护作用。鉴于现有证据，三联疗法有望提供额外的心脏保护，但需要开展进一步的随机对照试验，以明确三联疗法是否具有相加或协同作用。总结和未来前景联合用药可能进一步增强治疗效果，根据患者情况选择合适药物是未来心血管-肾脏代谢综合征领域的精准治疗方向。2型糖尿病和/或肥胖患者可能受益于联合用药，并改善心血管和肾脏结局。GLP-1RA+SGLT-2i+非奈利酮的方案，可能在心血管和肾脏保护方面具有互补作用。但治疗策略的制定仍需考虑到以下几方面的差异：1）明确从联合治疗中获益的人群；2）明确加强治疗的理想时机和优先级，因为目前的证据不足以弥补这一空白；3）患者接受联合治疗如何维持长期依从性和安全性。本文作者：泰达国际心血管病医院 郑刚推荐阅读欢迎投稿：学术成果、前沿进展、临床干货等主题均可，点此了解投稿详情。参考资料（可上下滑动查看）[1] Wong ND, Sattar N. 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With decades of experience in pharmaceutical development and extensive genetic medicine expertise, Doug E. Williams, Ph.D., and Murray Stewart, DM FRCP, will provide strategic guidance for CAMP4’s multiple drug development efforts CAMBRIDGE, Mass., March 18, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- CAMP4 Therapeutics Corporation (“CAMP4”) (Nasdaq: CAMP), a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing a pipeline of regRNA-targeting antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapies to upregulate gene expression to restore healthy protein levels, today announced the appointments of Doug E. Williams, Ph.D., and Murray Stewart, DM FRCP, to the Company’s Board of Directors. “We are delighted to welcome Drs. Williams and Stewart to our Board of Directors,” said Josh Mandel-Brehm, Chief Executive Officer of CAMP4. “With their combined expertise spanning critical aspects of R&D and clinical development, we will benefit greatly from their strategic insights as we advance our lead clinical program for urea cycle disorders and our preclinical program for SYNGAP1-related disorders, while continuing to develop additional RNA-targeting medicines designed to upregulate gene expression and meaningfully address diseases where we believe modest increases in protein levels can have a tremendous impact on the lives of patients.” Dr. Williams commented, “CAMP4’s approach is opening exciting possibilities to upregulate gene expression, a long-sought-after and challenging feat in the field of genetic medicine. I look forward to working with the team to unlock the full potential of this approach and ultimately advance novel therapeutics to the clinic.” Dr. Stewart added, “I’m thrilled to join the CAMP4 team and support its mission of advancing programmable RNA therapeutics for genetic diseases where decreased protein expression drives disease pathophysiology. By pioneering new ways to restore gene expression, CAMP4 has the potential to bring life-changing therapies to patients who currently have limited or no disease-modifying treatment options.” With over 30 years in the biopharma industry, Dr. Williams has contributed to the development of several transformative drugs, including LEUKINE®, ENBREL®, ADCETRIS®, TECFIDERA®, APROLIX®, ELOCTATE®, and SPINRAZA®. He was previously President of R&D at Sana Biotechnology and the Founding President & CEO of Codiak BioSciences. Prior to Sana, Dr. Williams served as EVP of R&D at Biogen, and earlier in his career was CEO of ZymoGenetics (acquired by BMS), and held leadership roles at Seattle Genetics, Amgen, and Immunex. Over the course of his career, he has served on the Board of Directors and Advisory Boards of more than two dozen biotech companies. Dr. Stewart currently serves as a Senior Medical Advisor to several biopharma companies, and was most recently the Chief Medical Officer at Rhythm Pharmaceuticals. Prior to this position, he served as Head of R&D at Novelion Therapeutics. Before joining Novelion, he served as corporate Chief Medical Officer at GlaxoSmithKline. With extensive clinical development experience, he has led studies across all stages, from first-in-human trials to large Phase 4 cardiovascular outcome studies. Dr. Stewart has played a key role in the successful registration and launch of multiple therapies, including AVANDIA®, ARIXTRA®, TANZEUM®, and XOLREMDI®. Before transitioning to industry, he served as a Consultant Physician and Head of Clinical Services at the Diabetes Centre in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, where his research was focused on lipid metabolism and type 2 diabetes. About CAMP4 Therapeutics CAMP4 is developing disease-modifying treatments for a broad range of rare and prevalent genetic diseases where increasing healthy protein levels may offer meaningful therapeutic benefits. Our approach allows for targeted gene upregulation by harnessing a fundamental mechanism of how genes are controlled. To increase gene expression, our therapeutic ASO drug candidates target regRNAs, which act locally on transcription factors and are the master regulators of gene expression. CAMP4’s proprietary RAP Platform™ enables the mapping of regRNAs and generation of therapeutic candidates designed to target the regRNAs associated with genes underlying haploinsufficient and recessive partial loss-of-function disorders, of which there are more than 1,200, in which a modest increase in protein expression may have the potential to be clinically meaningful. Learn more about us at www.CAMP4tx.com and follow us on LinkedIn and X. Forward-Looking Statements This press release contains forward-looking statements which involve risks, uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond the control of the Company, which may cause actual results, performance, or achievements to differ materially from anticipated results, performance, or achievements. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this press release are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “could,” “intend,” “target,” “project,” “contemplate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning CAMP4’s plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. The forward-looking statements in this press release speak only as of the date of this press release and are subject to a number of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause the Company’s actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to: the Company’s limited operating history, incurrence of substantial losses since the Company’s inception and anticipation of incurring substantial and increasing losses for the foreseeable future; the Company’s need for substantial additional financing to achieve the Company’s goals; the uncertainty of clinical development, which is lengthy and expensive, and characterized by uncertain outcomes, and risks related to additional costs or delays in completing, or failing to complete, the development and commercialization of the Company’s current product candidates or any future product candidates; delays or difficulties in the enrollment and dosing of patients in clinical trials; the impact of any significant adverse events or undesirable side effects caused by the Company’s product candidates; potential competition, including from large and specialty pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies; the Company’s ability to realize the benefits of the Company’s current or future collaborations or licensing arrangements and ability to successfully consummate future partnerships; the Company’s ability to obtain regulatory approval to commercialize any product candidate in the United States or any other jurisdiction, and the risk that any such approval may be for a more narrow indication than the Company seeks; the Company’s dependence on the services of the Company’s senior management and other clinical and scientific personnel, and the Company’s ability to retain these individuals or recruit additional management or clinical and scientific personnel; the Company’s ability to grow the Company’s organization, and manage the Company’s growth and expansion of the Company’s operations; risks related to the manufacturing of the Company’s product candidates, which is complex, and the risk that the Company’s third-party manufacturers may encounter difficulties in production; the Company’s ability to obtain and maintain sufficient intellectual property protection for the Company’s product candidates or any future product candidates the Company may develop; the Company’s reliance on third parties to conduct the Company’s preclinical studies and clinical trials; the Company’s compliance with the Company’s obligations under the licenses granted to the Company by others, for the rights to develop and commercialize the Company’s product candidates; risks related to the operations of the Company’s suppliers; and other risks and uncertainties described in the section “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, as well as other information we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The forward-looking statements in this press release are inherently uncertain and are not guarantees of future events. Because forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified and some of which are beyond the Company’s control, you should not unduly rely on these forward-looking statements. The events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur and actual future results, levels of activity, performance and events and circumstances could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Moreover, the Company operates in an evolving environment. New risks and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and management cannot predict all risks and uncertainties. Investors, potential investors, and others should give careful consideration to these risks and uncertainties. Except as required by applicable law, the Company does not undertake to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein, whether as a result of any new information, future events, changed circumstances or otherwise. Contacts Investor Relations:Sandya von der WeidLifeSci Advisorssvonderweid@lifesciadvisors.com Media:Jason Braco, Ph.D.LifeSci Communicationsjbraco@lifescicomms.com