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更新于：2026-07-11

Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride

盐酸羟嗪

更新于：2026-07-11

概要

基本信息

简介Hydroxyzine是一种一代抗组胺药，通常用于治疗各种过敏症状，如荨麻疹和瘙痒。它通过阻止组胺的作用来起到止痒的作用，组胺是一种在过敏反应中释放的化学物质，会引起瘙痒、肿胀和皮疹等症状。Hydroxyzine有口服和注射制剂，患者通常耐受性良好。然而，它可能会导致嗜睡、头晕和口干等副作用。作为研究和开发研究人员，需要注意的是，目前正在研究Hydroxyzine在治疗焦虑症方面的潜在用途，因为它在临床前研究中展示出一些抗焦虑的作用。

药物类型

小分子化药

别名

Hychotine、Hydroxine、Hydroxizine

+ [13]

靶点

H1 receptor

作用方式

拮抗剂

作用机制

H1 receptor拮抗剂(组胺H1受体拮抗剂)

治疗领域

免疫系统疾病神经系统疾病皮肤和肌肉骨骼疾病+ [1]

在研适应症

非在研适应症

原研机构

在研机构

非在研机构

权益机构-

最高研发阶段批准上市

首次获批日期

美国 (1956-04-12),

焦虑症瘙痒荨麻疹

最高研发阶段(中国)批准上市

特殊审评-

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结构/序列

分子式C21H29Cl3N2O2

InChIKeyANOMHKZSQFYSBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

CAS号2192-20-3

关联

项与盐酸羟嗪相关的临床试验

JPRN-jRCT1061250070

/ Recruiting临床2期

Efficacy of Paracervical Block During Intracavitary Brachytherapy for Cervical Cancer -Randomized Double Blind Crossover Trial -

开始日期2025-12-05

申办/合作机构-

NCT07031206

/ Not yet recruiting临床2期IIT

Investigating Pre-Procedural Anxiety and Effect of Analgesia on Intrauterine Device Placement and Endometrial Biopsy

The purpose of this study is to evaluate pre-procedural anxiety and patient pain perception with IUD insertion/ EMB procedure when using analgesia versus no analgesia by the end of the study and to evaluate the effect of age, race, parity, type of IUD and anxiety on pain and to offer better pain management in our patient population, undergoing IUD insertion/EMB procedure at the end of our study.

开始日期2025-07-01

申办/合作机构

The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

CTRI/2024/10/074754

/ Not yet recruitingN/A

A Prospective Non-comparative Real-World Observational effectiveness and tolerability Study of Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride 50mg Sustain Release formulation for the management of Chronic Pruritus - Atarax SR

开始日期2024-10-31

申办/合作机构

Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd.

100 项与盐酸羟嗪相关的临床结果

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100 项与盐酸羟嗪相关的转化医学

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100 项与盐酸羟嗪相关的专利（医药）

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1,447

项与盐酸羟嗪相关的文献（医药）

2026-06-01·International Journal of Clinical Oncology

Efficacy of bepotastine compared with hydroxyzine in preventing rituximab-induced infusion-related reactions in non-hodgkin lymphoma patients: a phase II, double-blind, multicenter, and randomized trial

Article

作者: Kitahiro, Yumi ; Iida, Kotaro ; Takahashi, Masako ; Murase, Natsuko ; Shimoyama, Manabu ; Harima, Isamu ; Yamamoto, Kazuhiro ; Kurata, Keiji ; Kitao, Akihito ; Minami, Hironobu ; Sakai, Rina ; Yakushijin, Kimikazu ; Okazoe-Hirakawa, Yuri ; Sugimoto, Takeshi ; Itohara, Kotaro ; Takakura, Hidetomo ; Okuno, Mamoru ; Yano, Ikuko ; Omura, Tomohiro ; Kitamura, Naoko ; Saeki, Miki

Abstract:

Background:

This study evaluated the efficacy of hydroxyzine and bepotastine, first- and second-generation H1 receptor antagonists (H1RA), as pretreatments to prevent infusion-related reactions (IRRs) during the initial rituximab infusion in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Methods:

In this double-blind, multicenter, randomized phase II study, 40 patients received hydroxyzine or bepotastine with acetaminophen 30 min before rituximab infusion. Primary endpoint was incidence of ≥ grade 2 IRRs based on the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Secondary endpoints included IRRs severity, time to IRR onset, and H1RA-induced drowsiness.

Results:

Incidence of ≥ grade 2 IRRs was 52.4% and 31.6% for the hydroxyzine (n = 21) and bepotastine (n = 19) groups, respectively ( P = 0.184). Distribution of initial and maximum IRR grades in the two groups was not statistically significant ( P = 0.846 and 0.555). Median time (range) to IRR onset in the two groups was 67 (12–112) and 62 (10–119) min, respectively ( P = 0.981). Median visual analog scale score (range and 75th percentile) for drowsiness was 37 (0–100, 46) and 12 (0–100, 29) mm in the two groups, respectively ( P = 0.138). Incidence of ≥ grade 2 IRRs in the absence of bone marrow infiltration was 43.8% and 14.3% in the two groups, respectively ( P = 0.118), and no group differences were observed with bone marrow infiltration.

Conclusions:

Bepotastine did not show significant superiority over hydroxyzine in preventing rituximab-induced IRRs due to the small sample size. Nevertheless, this exploratory study provides insight for further confirmatory studies.

Trial registration number and date of registration:

jRCTs051220169; February 14, 2023.

2026-06-01·Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain Medicine

Management of sleep disturbances in the ICU: a secondary analysis of the ESPRIT study

Article

作者: Jaquet, Pierre ; Blum, Laurène ; Lorber, Julien ; Savalle, Magali ; Levrat, Quentin ; Collange, Olivier ; Fonsèque, Eva ; Gourier, Sylvain ; Behouche, Alexandre ; Berger, Asaël ; Constantin, Jean-Michel ; Leray, Jordan ; Gaubert, Anna ; Vardon, Fanny ; James, Arthur ; Walter, Thaïs ; Chelly, Jonathan ; Dauvergne, Jérôme E ; Cadoz, Cyril ; Arnulf, Isabelle ; Simeone, Pierre ; Mainguy, Nolwenn ; Rineau, Emmanuel ; Jacquens, Alice ; Clerc, Sébastien ; Chauvelot, Louis ; Vatignez, Tifany ; Blanchard, Florian

BACKGROUND:

Sleep disturbances are frequent in the intensive care unit (ICU) and are associated with delirium or delayed mechanical ventilation weaning. Although international guidelines recommend structured screening and non-pharmacological management, their implementation in daily practice is poorly reported. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, screening practices, and management strategies for sleep disturbances in French ICUs.

METHODS:

This was a secondary analysis of the ESPRIT study, a national, multicenter, cross-sectional study conducted in 128 ICUs. All adult patients admitted on the study day were eligible. Data on unit-level practices and patient-level disturbances were collected. Sleep disturbances were identified by bedside physician. A multivariable multilevel logistic regression identified factors independently associated with sleep disturbances.

RESULTS:

Among 1,361 patients, 445 (33%) were reported to have sleep disturbances. Only 18% of ICUs conducted routine screening, and no center had implemented a multicomponent protocol. Environmental measures such as light and noise reduction were common, whereas earplugs 51/128 (40%) and eye masks 18/128 (14%) were rarely used. Pharmacological treatments were given to 219 patients (16%), mainly Z-drugs and hydroxyzine. In multivariable analysis, overnight family presence (OR 2.06 [1.12-3.81], p = 0.021) and physical restraints (OR 2.26 [1.39-3.70], p = 0.001) were independently associated with increased risk of sleep disturbances. Optimization of nursing tasks was the only intervention that tended to reduce sleep disturbances (OR 0.57 [0.31-1.04], p = 0.069).

CONCLUSION:

Sleep disturbances are common in ICUs, yet routine screening and structured management remain rare. Standardized, nurse-led screening and broader adoption of non-pharmacological protocols are needed to improve sleep quality and patient outcomes.

2026-05-22·MEDICINE

Post COVID-19 treated with AstraZeneca vaccine exacerbates arthritis with susceptibility to herpes in an older woman: A case report

Article

作者: Jimenez, Francisca Trujillo ; Juarez Olguin, Hugo ; Guzman, David Calderon ; García, Ernestina Hernandez ; Brizuela, Norma Osnaya ; Herrera, Maribel Ortiz ; Peraza, Armando Valenzuela

Rationale::

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder that has seriously affected human health worldwide. This report describes a rare case of herpes infection, secondary to RA, that emerged after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection or vaccination. Despite pharmacological intervention for arthritis, herpes, and mental health symptoms, the patient’s condition has not improved.

Patient concerns::

A 70-year-old female homemaker, weighing 110 lbs, sought urgent care for persistent dysphoric mood and irritability attributed to a post-COVID infection. The ill-health condition set in with severe pain, followed shortly by the onset of herpetic lesions. She experienced the symptoms while suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome.

Diagnoses::

A diagnosis of arthritis was made at the age of 60, and the patient has since been under treatment with analgesic therapy and prednisone. However, her doctor advised lowering the dose of her RA medications. At the age of 67, she developed herpes. She is currently on acyclovir and remains fully compliant with her medication. A simple skull magnetic resonance study depicted the absence of intracranial abnormality. Electromyography of normal muscles is silent at rest, without neuropathy. Cholesterol, sodium, chlorine, erythrocyte, and eosinophil were at the lower limit of normal, while lipase, phosphatase alkaline, and platelets were at the upper limit.

Interventions::

An integrative approach was taken, combining pharmaceutical prescriptions for arthritis, herpes, and mood symptoms with unconventional complementary therapies. Oral food intake was initiated and well-tolerated; however, the patient’s clinical condition did not improve with the current treatment. She is currently recovering at home on a regimen of vitamins, acyclovir, and analgesics. While she has shown clinical improvement, some complications have emerged.

Outcomes::

Diagnostic findings demonstrate that her health is not within normal limits, necessitating a daily regimen of prednisone, analgesic therapy, and hydroxyzine/losartan. This case highlights the importance of studying patients with RA. Risk factors for severe COVID-19 outcomes include older age and comorbidities.

Lessons::

This case highlights the potential for COVID-19 infection or immunization to precipitate a flare of preexisting arthritis, causing severe lower limb manifestations and sacroiliitis (low back pain/sciatica) in older individuals receiving management for rheumatic disease. Immune abnormalities in patients treated with prednisone are elements in deciding the prescription and duration of this drug, and a neurological assessment is essential.

项与盐酸羟嗪相关的新闻（医药）

2026-05-05

·肺界探索

妊娠期哮喘管理指南

GINA 2025 报告 Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2025. Updated May 2025. Available from: www.ginasthma.org第一章：哮喘的诊断（成人、青少年及6-11岁儿童）孕妇应询问孕妇及计划怀孕的女性是否患有哮喘，以便提供关于哮喘管理和用药的适当建议[71]。如果临床病史符合哮喘特征，且其他诊断可能性不大，但初始支气管舒张剂反应性测试未能确诊哮喘，则应按哮喘处理，使用含吸入性糖皮质激素（ICS）的治疗方案，并将其他诊断性检查推迟至分娩后进行。妊娠期间禁忌进行支气管激发试验，且不建议降低含ICS的治疗剂量。第六章：哮喘合并多种疾病及特定人群的管理临床特征约三分之一的女性在妊娠期哮喘症状会恶化，三分之一改善，其余则保持不变 [600] 。妊娠期急性加重很常见，尤其是在孕中期 [101] 。妊娠期急性加重和症状控制不佳的可能原因包括机械性或激素水平变化，或因母亲和/或医疗人员担忧而停用或减少哮喘药物。孕妇似乎特别容易受到病毒感染（包括流感）的影响 [601] 。哮喘加重和症状控制不佳与婴儿（早产、低出生体重、围产期死亡率增加）和母亲（先兆子痫）的不良结局均有关联 [101] 。妊娠期哮喘加重的危险因素包括：重度哮喘、多产次、黑人种族、抑郁和焦虑、当前吸烟、年龄>35岁以及肥胖。处理这些危险因素可能不仅可降低急性加重风险，还可能降低不良围产期结局的风险 [602] 。如果整个孕期哮喘控制良好，则对母儿并发症的风险几乎没有或没有增加 [71] 。管理尽管对孕期任何用药都存在普遍顾虑，但积极治疗妊娠期哮喘的获益明确超过常规哮喘药物可能带来的任何潜在风险（证据等级A） [71] 。因此，即使某些药物在孕期的安全性尚未得到确凿证实，为达到良好症状控制和预防急性加重而使用这些药物也是合理的。使用ICS、β₂受体激动剂、孟鲁司特或茶碱与胎儿畸形发生率增加无明确关联 [603] 。应建议怀孕或计划怀孕的哮喘女性，不要停用含ICS的治疗方案。重要的是，ICS可降低妊娠期哮喘急性加重的风险（证据等级A） [71, 604, 605] ，而孕期停用ICS是导致急性加重的重要危险因素 [101] （证据等级A）。一项研究报道，在非吸烟孕妇中，基于每月呼出气一氧化氮（FeNO）检测和哮喘控制问卷（ACQ）评分的治疗算法，相较于仅依据ACQ的算法，能显著减少急性加重并改善胎儿结局 [606] 。然而，该研究中单用ACQ的算法并不符合当时的临床实践指南（LABA仅在ICS增至中剂量后才启用，ICS可能被停用；试验结束时该组58%的女性未使用ICS）。随后的一项大型随机对照试验显示，与常规护理相比，基于FeNO指导的治疗未能减少妊娠期哮喘患者的急性加重 [451] 。孕期使用ICS还可能对子代哮喘有保护作用。一项基于行政数据的研究报道，母体孕期哮喘未受控制会增加子代早发性哮喘的风险 [601] 。在一项随访4-6年的干预研究中，孕期使用ICS的哮喘女性所生子女，其哮喘患病率较未使用ICS者降低超过50%，其中在孕早期（妊娠12-20周前）即开始用药的母亲，其子女哮喘患病率的降幅最大 [608] 。综合评估，鉴于孕期急性加重对母儿不良结局的证据（证据等级A） [71] （包括因缺乏ICS或依从性差导致） [101] ，以及常规剂量ICS和LABA在孕期安全性的证据（证据等级A） [603] ，在分娩前不应将降低治疗级别作为优先事项（无论采用何种评估控制的手段，证据等级D），且不应为备孕或在孕期停用ICS（证据等级C）。尽管缺乏孕期哮喘治疗有害的证据，许多女性和医疗人员仍对此存有顾虑 [609] 。应告知患哮喘的孕妇，控制不佳的哮喘和急性加重对胎儿的风险远大于当前治疗的风险。关于孕期哮喘管理的教育资源或许能提供更多保证 [610] 。孕期建议每4-6周监测一次哮喘 [611] 。可通过药师-临床医师协作模式，每月电话监测症状控制情况来实现 [611] 。一项观察性研究发现，在规律使用控制药物、症状控制良好且无急性加重病史的孕妇中，孕期发生急性加重的风险较低 [612] ，但仍需对这些女性进行密切监测。对于重度哮喘女性，关于孕期使用生物制剂疗法的证据很有限。一项注册研究显示，母亲孕期接受奥马珠单抗治疗，不增加后代重大先天畸形的风险 [614] 。应告知女性，孕期暴露于生物制剂的潜在风险需与自身及子女因哮喘未控制而引发的风险进行权衡。急性加重及分娩期管理在哮喘急性加重期间，孕妇获得恰当治疗的可能性可能低于非妊娠患者。为避免胎儿缺氧，必须积极处理孕期哮喘急性加重，使用短效β₂受体激动剂、吸氧，并尽早给予全身性糖皮质激素。孕期还应监测并适当管理呼吸道感染。在分娩过程中，应继续使用常规维持药物，必要时加用缓解药物。分娩时哮喘急性加重不常见，但过度换气可能诱发支气管收缩，应使用SABA处理。当分娩前48小时内曾使用高剂量β₂受体激动剂时，新生儿（尤其是早产儿）可能出现低血糖。若产时使用了高剂量SABA，应在婴儿出生后头24小时内（尤其针对早产儿）监测其血糖水平。一项对孕期哮喘管理指南的综述指出，当前的建议需要更清晰，且需在孕妇哮喘群体中开展更多随机对照试验 [616] 。参考文献（按在本文中首次出现的顺序排列） [71] Murphy VE, Gibson PG. Asthma in pregnancy. Clin Chest Med. 2011; 32(1): 93-110.[600] Gluck JC, Gluck PA. The effect of pregnancy on the course of asthma. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2006; 26(1): 63-80.[101] Murphy VE, Clifton VL, Gibson PG. Asthma exacerbations during pregnancy: incidence and association with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Thorax. 2006; 61(2): 169-176.[601] Murphy VE, Powell H, Wark PA, et al. A prospective study of respiratory viral infection in pregnant women with and without asthma. Chest. 2013; 144(2): 420-427.[602] Robijn AL, Bokern MP, Jensen ME, et al. Risk factors for asthma exacerbations during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir Rev. 2022; 31(164): 220039.[603] Lim A, Stewart K, Konig K, et al. Systematic review of the safety of regular preventive asthma medications during pregnancy. Ann Pharmacother. 2011; 45(7-8): 931-945.[604] Wendel PJ, Ramin SM, Barnett-Hamm C, et al. Asthma treatment in pregnancy: a randomized controlled study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996; 175(1): 150-154.[605] Schatz M, Leibman C. Inhaled corticosteroid use and outcomes in pregnancy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2005; 95(3): 234-238.[606] Powell H, Murphy VE, Taylor DR, et al. Management of asthma in pregnancy guided by measurement of fraction of exhaled nitric oxide: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2011; 378(9795): 983-990.[451] Murphy VE, Jensen ME, Holliday EG, et al. Effect of asthma management with exhaled nitric oxide versus usual care on perinatal outcomes. Eur Respir J. 2022; 60(5): 2200298.[608] Morten M, Collison A, Murphy VE, et al. Managing Asthma in Pregnancy (MAP) trial: FENO levels and childhood asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018; 142(6): 1765-1772.e4.[609] Lim AS, Stewart K, Abramson MJ, et al. Asthma during pregnancy: the experiences, concerns and views of pregnant women with asthma. J Asthma. 2012; 49(5): 474-479.[610] National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Asthma and Pregnancy Working Group. NAEPP expert panel report. Managing asthma during pregnancy: recommendations for pharmacologic treatment—2004 update. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005; 115(1): 34-46.[611] Lim AS, Stewart K, Abramson MJ, et al. Multidisciplinary Approach to Management of Maternal Asthma (MAMMA): a randomized controlled trial. Chest. 2014; 145(5): 1046-1054.[612] Ali Z, Nilas L, Ulrik CS. Determinants of low risk of asthma exacerbation during pregnancy. Clin Exp Allergy. 2018; 48(1): 23-28.[614] Namazy J, Cabana MD, Scheuerle AE, et al. The Xolair Pregnancy Registry (EXPECT): the safety of omalizumab use during pregnancy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015; 135(2): 407-412.[616] McLaughlin K, Foureur M, Jensen ME, et al. Review and appraisal of guidelines for the management of asthma during pregnancy. Women Birth. 2018; 31(6): e349-e357. 支气管哮喘防治指南（2024年版）中华医学会呼吸病学分会. 支气管哮喘防治指南(2024年版)[J]. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2025, 48(3): 204-248.七、哮喘急性发作期的处理（概述部分）……少见诱因包括精神及心理因素、运动、妊娠、药物等……六、哮喘慢性持续期的治疗（降级治疗部分）……降级治疗应选择适当时机，需避开患者呼吸道感染、妊娠及旅行期等……十、特殊类型哮喘及哮喘的某些特殊问题（四）妊娠期和围月经期哮喘1. 妊娠期哮喘妊娠期哮喘是指女性妊娠期间出现的哮喘。约4%~8%孕妇患哮喘 [224] 。1/3女性哮喘患者因妊娠而哮喘加重，病情加重可发生于妊娠期间的任何时间，多集中在妊娠中晚期 [225] 。妊娠年龄大、肥胖、吸烟、经产妇、焦虑抑郁、中重度哮喘会增加妊娠期哮喘急性发作的风险 [226] 。其他妊娠期哮喘急性发作的风险因素包括患者用药依从性差、呼吸道病毒感染、妊娠期体重增长过快等 [225, 227] 。合并哮喘的孕妇较未合并哮喘孕妇出现妊娠并发症的风险更高，包括先兆子痫、早产、围产期死亡，婴儿会出现低出生体重、宫内生长受限、先天性畸形 [228-229] 。以上妊娠并发症的发生与哮喘未控制显著相关，哮喘良好控制有利于改善妊娠结局 [230] 。然而，目前妊娠期哮喘的控制管理现状不容乐观。妊娠期哮喘治疗原则与典型哮喘相同。推荐使用吸入的药物，可减少药物的全身作用及对胎儿的影响。妊娠期哮喘治疗药物的安全性评估还需要考虑其对胎儿或新生儿的潜在不良结局及其安全等级 [231-232] 。（1）ICS如布地奈德为B级，而其他药物如氟替卡松、倍氯米松、糠酸莫米松、环索奈德则为C级 [12, 233] 。妊娠哮喘患者通常可以选择布地奈德、倍氯米松、氟替卡松，但若哮喘患者在妊娠前已通过其他ICS（例如环索奈德、莫米松）得到良好控制，则无需改变治疗。（2）全身糖皮质激素均为C级药物 [231, 233] ，但泼尼松龙和甲泼尼龙不易通过胎盘，而可的松、氢化可的松、泼尼松、曲安奈德则易于通过胎盘。需要警惕糖皮质激素有轻度增加胎儿唇腭裂的风险。腭形成在胎儿12周时完成，之后使用糖皮质激素相对安全。临床应用时应当充分权衡疾病恶化导致母婴死亡与胎儿致畸的潜在风险之间的平衡。（3）吸入支气管舒张剂中的沙丁胺醇、福莫特罗和沙美特罗被评为C级 [233-236] 。（4）LTRA，如孟鲁司特和扎鲁司特，均显示未增加不良妊娠结局，评定为B级 [237] 。（5）生物靶向药物如目前全球上市的抗IL-5单克隆抗体、抗IL-5Rα单克隆抗体、抗IL-4Rα单克隆抗体、抗TSLP单克隆抗体在动物研究中显示无不良妊娠结局，但缺乏真实世界数据 [238-239] 。抗IgE单克隆抗体在真实世界研究中未见增加不良妊娠结局 [238, 240] 。（6）口服抗组胺药中B级药物包括扑尔敏、苯海拉明、西替利嗪、氯雷他定、卢帕他定、左西替利嗪。地氯雷他定和非索非那定评为C级 [234, 241-244] 。妊娠期哮喘治疗过程中应持续对孕妇和胎儿进行评估、调整并观察治疗反应 [231] 。药物升级按照阶梯式方案选择，而降级治疗应在分娩后再考虑，不应在准备妊娠或妊娠期间停止ICS [225] 。不建议妊娠期新增过敏原特异性免疫治疗和抗IgE单克隆抗体治疗 [231] 。对妊娠期哮喘急性发作的治疗和处理与典型哮喘患者大致相同，应尽早开始 [225] 。妊娠期哮喘急性发作时，咳嗽、胸闷、气短、喘息或PEF下降20%，胎动减少以及血氧饱和度<95%时，应立即每20分钟吸入2~4吸沙丁胺醇，观察1h，无改善需立即就诊；对中至重度急性发作的妊娠期哮喘患者要进行生命体征的监护，产科医生也应参与监护胎儿的生命体征；孕妇可予以吸氧处理，血氧饱和度需要维持在95%及以上 [231] 。预防孕妇和胎儿缺氧、缓解气道痉挛是在处理妊娠期哮喘重度急性发作时首要考虑的问题。若哮喘急性发作严重，可考虑终止妊娠。哮喘良好控制是减少母体和胎儿风险的保证。妊娠期哮喘的全程化管理可以减少哮喘症状波动或急性发作给孕妇和胎儿带来的不良影响。管理包括：①加强妊娠期哮喘患者教育：戒烟、控制妊娠期体重增长速度及幅度、提高用药依从性、正确使用药物方法；②评估和监测哮喘病情：监测PEF变异率；③控制哮喘加重因素，避免接触诱发因素，戒烟、避免接触过敏原、预防呼吸道感染等 [245] ；④以FeNO指导用药的妊娠期哮喘管理方式，可预防后代学龄前期哮喘的发生 [246] 。有研究建议，当FeNO>29ppb时，增加ICS剂量；当FeNO<16ppb时，减少ICS剂量；当FeNO不增高时，使用LABA联合最小剂量ICS控制症状 [247] 。十一、哮喘的管理、患者教育、预防（三）哮喘的预防饮食营养调节：（1）妊娠期的饮食：没有确凿证据表明在妊娠期间摄入特定食物会增加患哮喘的风险 [270-271] ，故不建议为预防过敏或哮喘在妊娠期间改变饮食。（2）妊娠期肥胖和体重增加：有数据表明妊娠期肥胖和体重增加会增加儿童哮喘的风险 [272] ，但由于目前没有明确的共识，并不提倡未经专业指导的妊娠期减重。……（4）维生素D：多项临床研究和荟萃分析结果提示，妊娠期补充维生素D，可以降低儿童喘息的发生 [274] 。参考文献（按在本文中首次出现的顺序排列） [12] Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2024[EB/OL]. [2024-05-16]. http://www.ginasthma.org.[224] Kwon HL, Belanger K, Bracken MB. Asthma prevalence among pregnant and childbearing-aged women in the United States: estimates from national health surveys[J]. Ann Epidemiol, 2003, 13(5): 317-324. DOI: 10.1016/s1047-2797(3)00008-5.[225] Murphy VE, Clifton VL, Gibson PG. Asthma exacerbations during pregnancy: incidence and association with adverse pregnancy outcomes[J]. Thorax, 2006, 61(2): 169-176. DOI: 10.1136/thx.2005.049718.[226] Robijn AL, Bokern MP, Jensen ME, et al. Risk factors for asthma exacerbations during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Eur Respir Rev, 2022, 31(164): 220039. DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0039-2022.[227] Murphy VE, Powell H, Wark P, et al. A prospective study of respiratory viral infection in pregnant women with and without asthma[J]. Chest, 2013, 144(2): 420-427. DOI: 10.1378/chest.12-1956.[228] Murphy VE, Schatz M. Asthma in pregnancy: a hit for two[J]. Eur Respir Rev, 2014, 23(131): 64-68. DOI: 10.1183/09059180.00008313.[229] Hodyl NA, Stark MJ, Scheil W, et al. Perinatal outcomes following maternal asthma and cigarette smoking during pregnancy[J]. Eur Respir J, 2014, 43(3): 704-716. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00054913.[230] Murphy VE, Namazy JA, Powell H, et al. A meta-analysis of adverse perinatal outcomes in women with asthma[J]. BJOG, 2011, 118(11): 1314-1323. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.03055.x.[231] Hu Q, Chen X, Fu W, et al. Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of asthma in women across life[J]. J Thorac Dis, 2024, 16(1): 773-797. DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-1069.[232] Pfaller B, Bendien S, Ditisheim A, et al. Management of allergic diseases in pregnancy[J]. Allergy, 2022, 77(3): 798-811. DOI: 10.1111/all.15063.[233] Chambers CD, Krishnan JA, Alba L, et al. The safety of asthma medications during pregnancy and lactation: Clinical management and research priorities[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2021, 147(6): 2009-2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.02.037.[234] Namazy JA, Schatz M. Pharmacological difficulties in the treatment of asthma in pregnant women[J]. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol, 2017, 10(3): 285-292. DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2017.1268914.[235] Bonham CA, Patterson KC, Strek ME. Asthma Outcomes and Management During Pregnancy[J]. Chest, 2018, 153(2): 515-527. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.08.029.[236] Lee S, Hetherington E, Leigh R, et al. Impact of Asthma Medications During Pregnancy on Asthma Exacerbation, Maternal, and Neonatal Outcomes[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 2024, 12(6): 1549-1557.e3. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2024.02.017.[237] Bakhireva LN, Jones KL, Schatz M, et al. Safety of leukotriene receptor antagonists in pregnancy[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2007, 119(3): 618-625. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.12.618.[238] Shakuntulla F, Chiarella SE. Safety of Biologics for Atopic Diseases During Pregnancy[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 2022, 10(12): 3149-3155. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.08.013.[239] Namazy J, Cabana MD, Scheuerle AE, et al. The Xolair Pregnancy Registry (EXPECT): the safety of omalizumab use during pregnancy[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2015, 135(2): 407-412. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.08.025.[240] L Ramos C, Namazy J. Monoclonal Antibodies (Biologics) for Allergic Rhinitis, Asthma, and Atopic Dermatitis During Pregnancy and Lactation[J]. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am, 2023, 43(1): 187-197. DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2022.07.001.[241] Einarson A, Bailey B, Jung G, et al. Prospective controlled study of hydroxyzine and cetirizine in pregnancy[J]. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 1997, 78(2): 183-186. DOI: 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)63385-6.[242] Bousquet J, Bindslev-Jensen C, Canonica GW, et al. The ARIA/EAACI criteria for antihistamines: an assessment of the efficacy, safety and pharmacology of desloratadine[J]. Allergy, 2004, 59 Suppl 77: 4-16. DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00577.x.[243] Andersson NW, Torp-Pedersen C, Andersen JT. Association Between Fexofenadine Use During Pregnancy and Fetal Outcomes[J]. JAMA Pediatr, 2020, 174(8): e201316. DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.1316.[244] Mullol J, Bousquet J, Bachert C, et al. Update on rupatadine in the management of allergic disorders[J]. Allergy, 2015, 70 Suppl 100: 1-24. DOI: 10.1111/all.12531.[245] McCallister JW. Asthma in pregnancy: management strategies[J]. Curr Opin Pulm Med, 2013, 19(1): 13-17. DOI: 10.1097/MCP.0b013e32835a5bf3.[246] Morten M, Collison A, Murphy VE, et al. Managing Asthma in Pregnancy (MAP) trial: FENO levels and childhood asthma[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2018, 142(6): 1765-1772.e4. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.02.039.[247] Powell H, Murphy VE, Taylor DR, et al. Management of asthma in pregnancy guided by measurement of fraction of exhaled nitric oxide: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial[J]. Lancet, 2011, 378(9795): 983-990. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60971-9.[270] Best KP, Gold M, Kennedy D, et al. Omega-3 long-chain PUFA intake during pregnancy and allergic disease outcomes in the offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized controlled trials[J]. Am J Clin Nutr, 2016, 103(1): 128-143. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.111104.[271] Hansen S, Strøm M, Maslova E, et al. Fish oil supplementation during pregnancy and allergic respiratory disease in the adult offspring[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2017, 139(1): 104-111.e4. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.02.042.[272] Forno E, Young OM, Kumar R, et al. Maternal obesity in pregnancy, gestational weight gain, and risk of childhood asthma[J]. Pediatrics, 2014, 134(2): e535-546. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-0439.[274] Weiss ST, Mirzakhani H, Carey VJ, et al. Prenatal vitamin D supplementation to prevent childhood asthma: 15-year results from the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART)[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2024, 153(2): 378-388. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.10.003.

2026-04-21

·Bits to Biologics

CLADD | 基于RAG的多智能体药物发现框架

1. 研究背景在药物发现中，语言模型极其依赖在特定领域依据生化知识和注释全参微调，甚至成为一种必须，这不仅耗费大量算力，更引出了以下问题：限制了实验产生的大量科学数据的整合（微调的模型内部知识是静态的，而现实的科研是open-ended的）。药物研发需要及时引入新的发现，但定期对模型进行微调不仅成本高昂，而且可能会引发灾难性遗忘（而用通用LLM+RAG的agent可以动态适应外部知识库）。新型的大语言模型的架构和技术正在快速涌现，这使得依照传统的微调来维护特定领域的模型变得越发复杂和昂贵。基于以上问题，作者摒弃了传统的死磕参数微调模型，提出了专为药物发现定制的基于检索增强生成的RAG多智能体协作系统：CLADD。该框架解决了RAG工作流程中应用生化数据的主要障碍，包括数据异质性、模糊性和多源整合，将开放的化学任务解耦成标准化、模块化的工作流。 2.核心架构解读 2.1 任务定义与建模给定一个查询分子gq和所关注任务的文本描述提示词I，生成相应的回答Agq。以下是一个具体例子：给定gq = ‘C1=CC(=C(C=C1CCN)O)O ’，以及I= ‘Predict liver toxicity’，模型应该生成一个Agq=‘This molecule does not have liver toxicity concerns.’ 为了支持通用LLM的推理，作者设定了两类该系统可以访问的数据库：分子注释图库C和知识图谱G。C可以提供分子的功能、性质等文本描述，作为背景知识；G由药物、蛋白、疾病等实体E和一系列关系R来表示。在本研究中，仅要求图谱中包含分子实体，对其他的关联实体（基因、副作用等）不做要求。这样高包容性的数据要求也使得CLADD能够更灵活地接入外部数据。 2.2主体框架 Fig1. CLADD结构概览 CLADD的核心结构包含4个模块：Planning Team，Knowledge Graph (KG) Team，Molecular Understanding (MU) Team，和Prediction Agent。前三个模块中都包含多个agent，所有agent都是由现成的通用语言模型驱动。 2.2.1 Planning Team Planning Team负责评估外部知识对于给定查询分子的相关性。这个Team分别通过MolAnn Planner Agent和KG Planner Agent两个模块来评估分子注释图库和知识图谱。首先，MolAnn Planner Agent在分子注释图库中检索查询分子Cq的相关信息。虽然这些注释能提供大量的生物化学信息，但这些数据往往是稀疏的，很可能会缺失相关的分子数据。所以MolAnn Planner Agent最后需要判断自己是否为下一步分析提供了足够的注释信息。即：其中，gq为查询药物，I为文本描述提示词，OMAP为一个布尔值，表示是否需要额外的工具来补充信息。在MolAnn Planner Agent分析查询可用描述的同时，Knowledge Graph Planner平行地在知识图谱数据库中分析。传统的QA任务中主要关注知识图谱中所识别到的节点能命中查询信息，但由于庞大的化学搜索空间和有限的知识库覆盖，此类方法在药物研发中会有所限制。为了解决这一问题，作者提出以下办法：利用预训练过的 3D 几何图神经网络（GNN）生成分子的结构嵌入，在图谱的所有药物中，找到与查询分子余弦相似度最高的那一个作为锚点分子ga，即：式中，ga为锚点分子，gq为查询分子，gG为所有在知识图谱中的分子的集合。然后计算锚点分子和查询分子的Tanimoto相似性，与ga、gq、I一同作为KG planner的输入，即：式中Sq,a为gq和ga的Tanimoto相似性。OKPG为布尔值，若真，则表示在知识图谱数据库中找到了与查询分子（锚点分子）相似的分子，将激活Knowledge Graph Team执行进一步的子图检索和分析；若假，则表示在当前知识图谱数据库中对于该药物分子没有足够的参考信息，跳过知识图谱检索过程。 2.2.2 Knowledge Graph Team (KG Team) 只有当OKPG为TRUE的时候，KG Team才会被激活。这个Team提供利用图谱知识查到的有关查询分子的相关信息，包含两个子Agent：Drug Relation Agent (DrugRel)和Biological Relation Agent (BioRel)。利用知识图谱进行QA任务的典型方案通常都需要查询多个实体，然后对提取包含这些实体的子图。然而在药物发现的QA中，问题通常只包含一个单一实体查询分子gq。为了解决这一挑战，作者在Related Drug Retrieval 中提出利用锚点分子的办法。首先计算从锚点分子ga出发，经过一个生物实体e到达另一个药物的所有二跳路径（2-hop paths），然后选出到ga拥有最多二条路径的前k个药物，分别记作gr1，gr2……grk。锚点分子ga是和查询分子gq在结构上相关的分子，而gri是反应了在知识图谱中与ga有语义关系的分子。得到这些之后，DrugRel和BioRel开始工作。其工作原理如下式所示。其中，T= {sq,a,sq,r1,...,sq,rk}，为gq与ga、gr1，……grk的Tanimoto相似度，ODRA为DrugRel生成的药物属性的报告；P为所有二条路径的集合，OBRA为BioRel生成的生物属性的报告。这两份报告可以提供与锚点分子相关子图的任务摘要。这两个子Agent可以相互补充：DrugRel利用LLM预训练过的静态知识理解药物，可以在高维的语义空间里补充在知识图谱中难以被结构化的文献知识；而纯语言模型在推理时容易产生幻觉，BioAgent通过从知识图谱中抓取数据并提供决定性证据，确保LLM推理的真实性。 2.2.3 Molecular Understanding Team (MU Team) & Prediction Agent MU Team 通过利用外部注释工具，将分子的smiles字符串序列翻译为LLM能理解的文本描述。主要包括两个模块：分子注释和分子理解。如果Planning Team决定利用外部工具（即OMAP=TRUE），那么外部工具（分子注释模块）就会生成一个描述，并和现有数据库中查询到的描述cq合并。即：然后分子理解模块分析查询分子的结构，将其与KG Team生成的报告ODRA和OBRA，以及分子注释模块生成的注释信息cq整合，生成一个综合性报告，如下式表示：最后由Prediction Agent整合以上所有信息，并给出最终输出。 2.3 案例解读 Fig2. CLADD 多智能体协作在药物-靶点预测任务中的推演案例在这个案例中，系统的核心任务是预测查询分子最可能激活的前5个蛋白靶点。案例仅展示KG Team被激活的一般情况。整个预测流程分为以下三个关键步骤： 1. 流程由负责深挖生物学关系的 BioRel Agent 启动，它首先在知识图谱中定位到查询分子的“锚点药物” Naftopidil。通过图谱检索，它发现该药物的临床适应症是BPH。据此，BioRel 提出了第一层假设：我们的查询分子极有可能也会激活与 BPH 相关的生物学通路。 2. DrugRel调用 LLM 内部的医学知识，指出治疗 BPH 的药物通常作用于α-1 肾上腺素能受体（Alpha-1 Adrenergic Receptors）。继续分析知识图谱中与锚点药物相关的其他药物（如 Hydroxyzine 和 Clopamine），推断出目标分子可能还会与组胺受体（histamine receptors）和多巴胺受体（dopamine receptors）产生相互作用。（此时，系统的目标靶点已经从单一的疾病通路，扩展到了三个具体的受体家族。） 3. 最后，MU Agent接收了前面两大 Agent 挖掘出的受体信息，将这些生化逻辑与查询分子自身的化学结构分析深度结合在一起，剔除了无关噪音，输出了一份综合报告，从而引导Prediction Agent得出了最终预测结果。 3.实验验证 3.1Drug-Target Prediction Task 在这个实验中，作者对比了两种预训练的GNN（GraphMVP和MoleculesSTM），两种通用大预言模型GPT-4o和GPT-4o Mini，特定领域微调过的语言模型Galactia，以及CLADD在药物-靶点预测的能力。对于给定的目标分子，作者让模型生成该分子最可能激活或抑制的前五种蛋白质，并比较这五种预测的蛋白质的准确率。实验结果如table1所示： Table1. 药物-靶点预测任务的表现。加粗和下划线分别表示在基于语言模型的方法中表现最优和次优的结果。表中，Overlap列代表查询分子在知识图谱数据库中有记录，测试系统提取知识的能力；No Overlap列代表查询分子在知识图谱数据库中没有记录，测试系统的泛化能力。在所有的测试中，CLADD 的表现优于所有基线方法，更有可能正确识别由输入分子激活或抑制的蛋白质；在不存在于知识图谱中的分子的预测效果也非常优秀，证明了CLADD利用外部知识在新分子上的泛化能力。 3.2 Property-Specific Molecular Captioning Task 在这个实验中，作者对比了两种预训练的 GNN（GraphMVP 和 MoleculeSTM）、直接基于 SMILES 输入的预测方式、两种通用大语言模型 GPT-4o 和 GPT-4o mini、特定领域微调过的语言模型（MolT5, LlasMol, BioT5）以及 CLADD 在多种分子性质预测任务中的表现。实验涵盖了血脑屏障穿透性（BBBP）、副作用（Sider）、临床毒性（ClinTox）以及 BACE 抑制活性四个核心数据集，采用平均 AUROC（曲线下面积）值作为评估指标。实验结果如 Table 2 所示： Table2. 特定属性分子描述任务的性能表现。表中数值代表平均 AUROC，括号内为标准差。加粗和下划线分别表示在基于语言模型的方法中表现最优和次优的结果。实验结果显示，CLADD 在所有四个性质预测任务中均取得了语言模型类的最优性能，即便是在零样本（Zero-shot）的条件下，其表现也全面超越了经过专门微调的领域模型（如 BioT5）。特别是在 BBBP 数据集上，CLADD 甚至超过了经过深度微调的 GNN 模型（MoleculeSTM）。分析这些优异表现的原因可能在于：多智能体架构对外部生化常识的精准调动。在处理如 ClinTox（毒性）和 Sider（副作用）等极度依赖生物背景的任务时，KG Team 从知识图谱中提取的关联证据有效地弥补了通用 LLM 对分子生理效应理解不足的缺陷。此外，Planning Team 的决策机制确保了系统能针对不同任务动态选择最合适的检索路径，从而在 BBBP 等极具挑战性的穿透性预测中，实现了比单纯依赖 SMILES 字符串（Only SMILES）更高的预测精度。这充分证明了 CLADD 在处理复杂、异构的分子性质预测任务时具有极强的泛化能力。另外，有一个很有意思的现象：尽管 BioT5、MolT5 等领域模型优于通用大模型，但它们的表现甚至在某些任务上低于“Only SMILES”基线（即完全不加文字描述，只看结构）。这说明了有时候通用化学描述反而会给模型引入噪音，降低特定属性的预测精度。 3.3 Ablation Studies 在这个实验中，作者通过两组消融实验，探究 CLADD 框架中各组件的贡献以及外部知识库规模对模型性能的驱动作用。实验通过“拆除”特定模块与缩减数据量，验证了多智能体协作架构在药物发现任务中的核心价值。实验结果如Fig2所示。 Fig2. CLADD 架构的消融实验结果图。图(a)为针对模型内部组件协同机制的消融测试。(b) 针对外部知识库保留比例对系统性能及决策影响的消融测试。在图(a)中，在激活与抑制蛋白的预测任务中，完整版CLADD的精确度显著优于所有残缺版本；而当系统仅依赖分子理解团队或仅依赖知识图谱团队时，预测性能均出现下滑。这证明了CLADD框架内各个模块对整个系统的能力都有贡献。另外，实验对比了Planning Team的有无对系统的影响。若取消Planning Team的动态筛选（No Planning组），模型性能受到削弱。这说明动态选择相关数据源与规划团队合作可以提高性能，利用它们的互补性，同时证明了动态选择相关数据源对提升整体性能的重要性。图(b)展示了外部知识规模对系统性能和决策逻辑的动态影响。通过将外部知识库的留存比例从10%逐步增加至100%，折线图清晰地反映出模型的预测精确度高度依赖于外部知识的规模。而且这一增长曲线并没有出现任何性能停滞的平台期，这意味着进一步扩展外部知识库可能可以带来额外的性能提升，说明该架构具备极强的延展性。柱状图的走势表明，当外部知识越发丰富时，规划团队在决策过程中会越来越依赖这些知识。具体而言，随着可用知识比例的增加，系统调用知识图谱的频率大幅上升，同时放弃使用外部辅助描述工具的比例也随之增加。作者认为，这个现象来源于CLADD在决策过程中主动且高效利用充足外部知识的能力，展现了该架构在应对不同数据量的的灵活性与鲁棒性。 4.总结 CLADD框架最大的价值在于，它提出了一种AI4S的新思路：通过RAG和多智能体协同，系统无须对语言模型在特定领域做微调，也可以处理复杂的开放性分子任务。将问题的中心从解决高成本的“模型参数”转向更加灵活的“智能体工作流”，降低了前沿大语言模型技术在AIDD领域垂直应用的门槛。此外，在多智能体的交互过程中会形成一条证据链，从输入到输出的分析过程都有依据。这种证据链可以打破“黑盒”，使得模型的输出有更强的可解释性，促进了科学家-AI协作的AI4S范式。原文链接：https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/37020

2026-04-01

·EINPresswire

SleepScriptMD Offers Fast, Flexible Sleep Care with Same-Day Prescription Approval Across the U.S.

SleepScriptMD provides fast, physician-led sleep care services to patients nationwide, offering non-addictive prescriptions with same-day pharmacy pickup. SHELBYVILLE, TN, UNITED STATES, April 1, 2026 / EINPresswire.com / -- SleepScriptMD , a physician-founded professional sleep care platform, offers patients across the United States a way to seek prescription sleep treatment through secure online intake, physician review and same-day approval windows, with care pathways shaped by state telehealth requirements. The service is structured around convenience and medical oversight. According to company-provided information, patients complete a secure eligibility check, select a medication option and submit a detailed medical history form. A board-certified physician then reviews the safety profile and clinical history, typically within two to four hours on weekdays, and, when appropriate, sends a prescription electronically to a local pharmacy for same-day pickup. Key elements described by SleepScriptMD include: • No in-person clinic visit required • Text-based care from licensed physicians in most states • Brief telehealth visits in states where synchronous care is required • Physician review of each case rather than automated prescribing alone • Evidence-based, non-habit-forming prescription sleep medications only SleepScriptMD states that the platform was built to reduce delays associated with traditional scheduling and waiting rooms while preserving physician oversight. The company’s materials describe a secure, asynchronous medical model that allows patients to complete intake on their own schedule, with review by licensed clinicians. Mr. Dr. David Danish, spokesperson for SleepScriptMD and a co-founder identified in company materials, brings more than 20 years of experience and more than 100,000 patient encounters across psychiatric settings. SleepScriptMD was also co-founded by Dr. Peter Kelly, a board-certified family medicine physician with more than 10 years of practice experience. The company says those complementary backgrounds in psychiatry and family medicine shape its approach to sleep care. Patient testimonials supplied by the company point to convenience, individualized review and flexible access as recurring themes. Emily R., a patient testimonial provided for publication, said: “I have a crazy work schedule and no time for doctor appointments. This was the easiest thing ever – filled out some questions, got approved, and my prescription was ready pretty fast. I don’t wake up a million times a night anymore, which is honestly life-changing.” Jessica, another patient whose testimonial was provided for publication, said: “I’ve tried a bunch of different things for my sleep, and most of them either didn’t work or made me feel like a zombie the next day. The provider actually took the time to figure out what would work best for me. Haven’t slept this well in years.” The company also states that some states require a brief video or phone visit because of telehealth laws, while many patients can complete the process entirely online through text-based care. That hybrid structure allows the service to adapt to state-specific requirements while maintaining a single entry point for sleep-related treatment requests. Jamal E., whose testimonial was provided for publication, said: “My sleep was trash, and nothing was helping. I did the virtual session so I could actually talk to a doctor, and they knew their stuff. They explained why some meds are better than others for my situation, which made a lot of sense. It’s been a huge difference for me. 10/10 recommend.” SleepScriptMD says it serves patients nationwide, with availability and visit requirements determined by state law. The company’s materials also state that its platform is HIPAA compliant and fully online, with prescriptions handled through a patient’s pharmacy of choice when treatment is approved. Individuals experiencing sleep issues can learn more about the service and complete a sleep assessment by visiting https://sleepscriptmd.com or calling +1 800-737-8385. Additional sleep health resources are available on the company's blog . ### About SleepScriptMD SleepScriptMD, based in Shelbyville, Tennessee, delivers accessible, high-quality sleep healthcare through telemedicine. Co-founded by Dr. Peter Kelly (family medicine) and Dr. David Danish (dual board certified in child/adolescent and adult psychiatry), the platform combines complementary medical expertise to deliver comprehensive sleep care. The service offers both AI-assisted asynchronous care and virtual telehealth options, enabling patients to access personalized sleep solutions with safety and efficiency while maintaining the highest standards of medical oversight. Contact Details: 118 East Side Square Ste. A Shelbyville, TN 37160 United States Notes to Editors: • All clinical care is delivered by licensed physicians or nurse practitioners in accordance with state telehealth laws. • The medications discussed (Trazodone, Clonidine, Hydroxyzine) are non-controlled and selected through an evidence-based, physician-guided system. • For asynchronous eligibility, state-specific regulations apply. End of Press Release. Dr. David Danish SleepScriptMD +1 800-737-8385 email us here Legal Disclaimer: EIN Presswire provides this news content "as is" without warranty of any kind. We do not accept any responsibility or liability for the accuracy, content, images, videos, licenses, completeness, legality, or reliability of the information contained in this article. If you have any complaints or copyright issues related to this article, kindly contact the author above.

100 项与盐酸羟嗪相关的药物交易

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外链

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D00672	盐酸羟嗪	N05BB01	DB00557

研发状态

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适应症	国家/地区	公司	日期
抑郁症	日本	Pfizer Inc.	1965-09-30
湿疹	日本	Pfizer Inc.	1965-09-30
恶心和呕吐	日本	Pfizer Inc.	1965-09-30
焦虑症	美国	Pfizer Inc.	1956-04-12
瘙痒	美国	Pfizer Inc.	1956-04-12
荨麻疹	美国	Pfizer Inc.	1956-04-12

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临床结果

适应症

分期

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研究	分期	人群特征	评价人数	分组	结果	评价	发布日期


NCT05126459 (CTgov)	临床3期	龋齿	60	Meperidine+Hydroxyzine +Midazolam (Regimen 1)	鬱選築衊襯醖遞齋積廠(鹹鏇獵淵廠艱鹹鏇夢積) = 製淵鹽網構簾簾蓋繭顧夢糧鏇顧鹹襯遞窪鹹衊 (願艱選艱簾鑰選願鬱衊, 餘糧簾衊鹹糧淵衊積齋 ~ 鑰觸襯壓遞醖衊顧觸製) 更多	-	2024-10-02
				Meperidine+Hydroxyzine (Regimen 2)	鬱選築衊襯醖遞齋積廠(鹹鏇獵淵廠艱鹹鏇夢積) = 壓鹹顧窪糧範艱齋網醖夢糧鏇顧鹹襯遞窪鹹衊 (願艱選艱簾鑰選願鬱衊, 鏇顧鹹簾鹹繭構鏇顧窪 ~ 觸鹹蓋淵遞蓋願膚選廠) 更多
NCT04068948 (CTgov)	临床4期	镇静 \| 龋齿	37	Meperidine+Midazolam+Hydroxyzine (Midazolam, Hydroxyzine, Meperidine)	鏇艱鹹夢簾積構鏇鏇鬱 = 醖醖鏇齋襯鑰製顧顧鏇艱衊鹹夢蓋憲積顧願選 (糧艱網醖觸鏇製鬱積蓋, 鏇繭獵膚製鬱顧膚襯襯 ~ 顧夢膚襯網襯鹹繭鹹簾) 更多	-	2023-12-05
				Midazolam+Hydroxyzine (Midazolam, Hydroxyzine)	鏇艱鹹夢簾積構鏇鏇鬱 = 範鹹遞鹹鹹觸鏇繭遞構艱衊鹹夢蓋憲積顧願選 (糧艱網醖觸鏇製鬱積蓋, 壓艱齋蓋選製醖醖簾網 ~ 構積憲積築範獵餘選築) 更多
NCT04188106 (HAVE, CTgov)	临床4期	恶心 \| 睡眠异常 \| 尼古丁成瘾	26	Varenicline Pill+Hydroxyzine Pill	網醖憲齋製構衊衊窪憲(夢膚糧積鹽窪顧鏇鹹遞) = 鹹網憲網範顧衊淵衊壓鏇簾鹹憲壓鹽衊構範壓 (糧衊鬱鑰範膚憲顧餘窪, 2.37) 更多	-	2023-03-03
NCT00661674 (CTgov)	N/A	物质相关疾病	10	placebo+naloxone (Placebo)	繭齋艱願憲鏇艱壓衊淵(繭製繭鑰獵齋網鏇鏇廠) = 蓋醖鑰憲膚簾廠齋獵鑰窪鑰鏇窪蓋製膚襯憲壓 (齋積鏇願顧餘範艱鹽襯, 0.76) 更多	-	2017-06-05
				Palonosetron (Palonosetron)	繭齋艱願憲鏇艱壓衊淵(繭製繭鑰獵齋網鏇鏇廠) = 鏇憲鏇夢範鬱蓋構襯糧窪鑰鏇窪蓋製膚襯憲壓 (齋積鏇願顧餘範艱鹽襯, 0.37) 更多