Nicotinamide riboside

大家有没有这样的感受？感染新冠后已经康复，但几个月过去了，依然感觉精疲力尽，头脑像笼罩在浓雾中，晚上辗转难眠。这正是长新冠患者面临的日常。 长新冠，医学上称为“COVID-19急性后遗症”，据估计至少有7%的COVID-19康复者会受到其困扰。患者不仅经历着持续的疲劳、脑雾（注意力不集中、记忆力下降），还有睡眠障碍、焦虑抑郁等多种症状，严重影响生活质量。 既往研究提示，这背后可能隐藏着一种“细胞能量危机”。我们的细胞中存在着烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NAD+）这一关键辅酶，它参与线粒体功能、DNA修复和免疫调节等重要过程。而SARS-CoV-2病毒感染会激活体内的PARP酶家族，大量消耗NAD+储备，导致细胞能量代谢紊乱。 基于这一理论，研究人员锁定了NAD+的前体物质——烟酰胺核糖（NR）。这是一种维生素B3的衍生物，在体内能高效转化为NAD+。在动物实验中，NR已显示出减少炎症、改善线粒体功能和增强认知能力的潜力。但在长新冠患者中，它是否也有效呢？ 一项发表于《柳叶刀》子刊eClinicalMedicine的研究或能解答这个问题。这项研究发现，尽管维生素B3衍生物NR能安全有效地显著提升长新冠患者体内的NAD+水平，但在与安慰剂对比的主要分析中，它并未显示出对认知功能、疲劳、睡眠或情绪的显著改善作用。不过，探索性分析提示，连续服用NR 10周可能在改善执行功能、疲劳感、睡眠质量及抑郁症状方面对部分患者存在潜在益处。 DOI：10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103633 研究团队设计了一项为期24周的严谨临床试验。这项研究采用了“双盲安慰剂对照”设计，共招募了58名长新冠患者，他们都有自我报告的认知困难（特别是“脑雾”），以及至少两种其他持续存在的神经或身体症状。参与者被随机分为两组：一组在整个20周治疗期内都服用2000mg NR（NR-NR组），另一组先服用10周外观相同的安慰剂，然后切换为NR（PBO-NR组）。 研究设计 分析结果表明，在生物标志物层面，NR的效果非常明确。服用NR的参与者，血液中NAD+水平在5周内就增加了2.6-3.1倍。相比之下，安慰剂组的NAD+水平在服用安慰剂期间基本保持不变，只有在切换到NR后才出现类似幅度的上升。 NR对长新冠患者NAD+水平的影响 这意味着，口服NR确实能有效提升长新冠患者体内的NAD+水平。 然而，NR组和安慰剂组在认知功能、疲劳严重程度、睡眠质量以及焦虑抑郁症状方面，均未显示出统计学上的显著差异。 NR 对长新冠患者认知功能的影响 NR 对长新冠患者疲劳、情绪及睡眠症状的影响 在安全性方面，NR总体上耐受良好。研究中报告的大多数不良事件被认为与NR无关。 NR 在长新冠患者中的安全性 不过，研究人员进行了更深入的探索性分析。他们发现，所有参与者服用NR的前10周时，认知灵活性和任务切换能力以及疲劳严重程度、睡眠质量、抑郁症状都显示出统计学意义的改善。而且，NAD+水平的增加与睡眠质量的改善呈现显著相关性，NAD+提升越多，睡眠质量改善越明显。 为什么主要分析和探索性分析会得出看似矛盾的结果？研究人员认为，这可能是因为参与者知道自己接受治疗可能会产生心理预期效应，不同患者对治疗的反应不同，以及样本量有限导致的统计效力不足。 总体而言，这项研究证实了NR在长新冠患者中能安全有效地提升NAD+水平。虽然主要终点未达到统计学显著性，但探索性分析中的积极信号提示，NR可能对部分长新冠症状有益，特别是睡眠质量、疲劳感和抑郁症状。这些潜在益处值得未来进一步探索。 参考资料： [1]Wu CY, Reynolds WC, Abril I, McManus AJ, Brenner C, González-Irizarry G, et al. Effects of nicotinamide riboside on NAD+ levels, cognition, and symptom recovery in long-COVID: a randomized controlled trial. eClinicalMedicine. 2025:103633.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103633 撰文 | JY 编辑 | 木白 来源 | 梅斯学术 部分文字来源于网络，本文仅用于分享，转载请注明出处。若有侵权，请联系微信：bioonSir 删除或修改！

LOS ANGELES--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Niagen Bioscience, Inc. (NASDAQ: NAGE), the global authority on NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) with a focus on the science of healthy aging, today shared promising results from the first-of-its-kind clinical trial published today in The Lancet peer-reviewed journal eClinicalMedicine demonstrating that daily supplementation with Niagen®, Niagen Bioscience’s patented nicotinamide riboside (NR) ingredient, significantly increased NAD+ levels and improved executive functioning, fatigue, depression, and sleep quality, when compared to their baseline levels, in some individuals with long COVID, also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). Niagen Bioscience Announces Results from First-Ever Randomized Controlled Trial Exploring Niagen (Patented Nicotinamide Riboside, NR) Supplementation in Long COVID The 58 participant, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was led by Edmarie Guzmán-Vélez, PhD, formerly an Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and the McCance Center for Brain Health at Massachusetts General Hospital, and now Assistant Professor in the Department of Neurology at the Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and the Center for Health Aging Research (CHAR) at the Institute for Health, Rutgers University. “These findings demonstrate that ten weeks of Niagen NR supplementation increased NAD+ levels and improved long COVID symptoms of fatigue, sleep quality, and depression, compared to symptoms before treatment,” said Rob Fried, Chief Executive Officer of Niagen Bioscience. “As part of our mission to advance the science of cellular health, we are pleased to see Niagen NR used in research exploring the lasting impact of COVID-19 and look forward to future studies that further our understanding of NAD+ augmentation in recovery and resilience.” Long COVID continues to affect a significant number of individuals around the globe, with no proven treatments available. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, between August and September 2024, 5.3% of adults in the U.S. reported that they are currently experiencing long COVID. “Our goal with this study was to understand whether increasing NAD+ levels with NR could improve cognitive performance primarily, but also other common symptoms in individuals with long COVID,” said Dr. Guzmán-Vélez. “We saw encouraging within-group improvements in fatigue, sleep, and mood, although we did not observe statistically significant differences between people taking NR and those taking a placebo. These findings suggest that restoring NAD+ remains a promising avenue for recovery and advancing our understanding of how to help individuals affected by long COVID. More research is needed to confirm and expand on these findings.” The Connection Between NAD+ & Long COVID A multi-system disorder, long COVID symptoms persist months or years after infection, including common fatigue, breathlessness, cognitive impairment or “brain fog” (attention, memory, sleep), muscle aches, depression, and anxiety (Taher et al., 2025, Soriano et al., 2022, Ely et al., 2024, Taquet et al., 2022, Davis et al., 2021). Emerging evidence suggests that interacting mechanisms underlie long COVID, including immune dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, disrupted cellular energy metabolism, and depletion of NAD+, a molecule crucial for cellular energy and repair (Block et al., 2022). “Long COVID presents with a wide range of symptoms because coronaviruses disturb NAD+ and thereby disturb multiple organ systems,” commented Charles Brenner, PhD, Alfred E Mann Family Foundation Chair in Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism at City of Hope, Chief Scientific Advisor to Niagen Bioscience, and study co-author. “What is encouraging is that despite variability among patients, we observed consistent signals of improvement with elevation of NAD+ levels. This suggests that restoring the NAD+ system can restore multiple biological pathways implicated in long COVID — including mitochondrial function, inflammation, and cellular repair. It is a compelling indication that NAD+ biology can be effectively targeted in conditions of metabolic stress such as long COVID.” Study Overview This 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study analyzed the effects of elevating NAD+ with Niagen NR supplementation on cognitive and symptomatic recovery in individuals with long COVID. A total of 58 non-hospitalized adults (mean age, 45.1 years) with persistent symptoms following COVID-19 infection were randomized to receive either Niagen NR (2,000 mg/day) for 20 weeks or placebo for 10 weeks, followed by Niagen NR for an additional 10 weeks. The study included a two-week placebo lead-in period and a two-week follow-up period. The primary endpoint analyzed the change in cognitive performance, measured using validated scales and tests, including the Everyday Cognition (ECog), Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), and Trail Making Test-B (TMT-B). Secondary endpoints were assessed using standardized scales to evaluate fatigue, mood, and sleep quality (FSS, BDI, BAI, and PSQI). Study Highlights NAD+ levels increased up to 3.1-fold after 5–10 weeks of Niagen NR supplementation, confirming NAD+ restoration in whole blood. In the post-hoc exploratory analysis, significant within-group improvements were observed in fatigue severity (FSS), sleep quality (PSQI), and depressive symptoms (BDI) following 10 weeks of Niagen NR supplementation. Niagen NR was well-tolerated, with no significant differences in adverse events between the Niagen NR and placebo groups. Statistically significant differences between the Niagen NR and placebo groups were not observed for primary or secondary outcomes, likely due to the small sample size and high dropout rates resulting from reinfection, relocation, and medication changes, which reduced statistical power. This underscores the need for larger studies to further understand the observed trends in symptom improvement. Relevance This study is the first randomized controlled trial to demonstrate that Niagen NR supplementation safely and effectively elevates NAD+ levels in individuals with long COVID, a condition marked by fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and sleep disturbance. While between-group differences were not statistically significant, these findings show within-group improvements from baseline in key symptoms and establish NAD+ restoration as a measurable biological response, suggesting a potential therapeutic role of NAD+ in post-viral recovery and energy metabolism. These results build upon a growing body of evidence linking NAD+ repletion to improved mitochondrial function and cellular resilience, suggesting a possible new avenue for addressing persistent symptoms associated with long COVID. Further large-scale, placebo-controlled studies are warranted to build upon these early findings. The study was funded by the McCance Center for Brain Health at Mass General Hospital and by Niagen Bioscience. While Niagen Bioscience partially funded the study and provided Niagen NR and placebo materials, it had no role in study design, conduct, outcomes, analyses, or study publication. For additional information on the science supporting Niagen, visit www.niagenbioscience.com. About Niagen Bioscience: Niagen Bioscience, Inc. (NASDAQ: NAGE), formerly ChromaDex Corp., is the global leader in NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) science and healthy-aging research. As a trusted pioneer of NAD+ discoveries, Niagen Bioscience™ is dedicated to advancing healthspan through precision science and innovative NAD+-boosting solutions. The Niagen Bioscience team, composed of world-renowned scientists, works with independent investigators from esteemed universities and research institutions around the globe to uncover the full potential of NAD+. A vital coenzyme found in every cell of the human body, NAD+ declines with age and exposure to everyday lifestyle stressors. NAD+ depletion is a key contributor to age-related changes in health and vitality. Distinguished by state-of-the-art laboratories, rigorous scientific and quality protocols, and collaborations with leading research institutions worldwide, Niagen Bioscience sets the gold standard for research, quality, and innovation. There’s a better way to age. At the heart of its clinically proven product portfolio is Niagen® (patented nicotinamide riboside, or NR), the most efficient, well-researched, high-quality, and legal NAD+ booster available. Niagen Bioscience’s robust patent portfolio protects NR and other NAD+ precursors. Niagen Bioscience maintains a website at www.niagenbioscience.com, where copies of press releases, news, and financial information are regularly published. Forward Looking Statements: This release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including, without limitation, statements related to the potential health benefits of Niagen® (nicotinamide riboside) supplementation, the interpretation of clinical study findings, future research directions, and matters related to the infringement or non-infringement of intellectual property rights. Statements that are not a description of historical facts constitute forward-looking statements and may often, but not always, be identified by the use of such words as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “estimates,” “plans,” “potential,” “possible,” “probable,” “believes,” “seeks,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” or the negative of such terms, or other similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations, assumptions, and scientific understanding, and are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results, performance, or achievements to differ materially from those described or implied. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: the inherent variability of scientific research and clinical outcomes; the possibility that future studies may not confirm the results described herein; the ability to obtain and maintain necessary regulatory approvals; the scientific, regulatory, and commercial challenges inherent in dietary supplements and healthy-aging research; market acceptance of the Company’s products and educational initiatives; the outcome of ongoing or future clinical studies; the protection and enforcement of intellectual property; competition; and other factors described in Niagen Bioscience’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including its most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and Q. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this release. Actual results may differ materially from those suggested by these forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement, and Niagen Bioscience undertakes no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof, except as required by applicable law.