Tirzepatide

The real skinny减肥药内幕 注释："the real skinny"为英语俚语，指事件真相、内部实情。  A frenzy of innovation in obesity drugs is under way肥胖治疗药物正掀起一轮创新热潮  Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly are printing money now. But they will not be a stagnant duopoly诺和诺德与礼来如今赚得盆满钵满，但这种固化的双头垄断格局难以长久维系。  单词 1.skinny adj. 极瘦的，皮包骨的 2.双头垄断；两强垄断市场: duopoly Monopoly完全垄断：只有一家厂商 Duopoly双头垄断：仅两家核心厂商 Oligopoly寡头垄断：少数几家大企业 Perfect competition完全竞争：大量小厂商 记忆口诀：mono 一，duo 二，oligo 少，poly 多 词组 1.减肥药：obesity drugs obese adj.【医学正式】肥胖 overweight adj.超重 fat adj.胖（口语，常冒犯，慎用） plump adj.丰满（褒义，圆润） skinny adj.皮包骨的 派生词 obese adj.肥胖的 obesity n.肥胖症 obesogenic adj.致肥胖的（obeso+genic 产生… 的） 2.nnovation in + 领域 / 事物 在某方面的创新 3.a frenzy of + 名词：一阵狂热 / 疯狂的（行为、情绪、活动） a frenzy of excitement一阵极度亢奋 4.正在进行；已经开展；在推进中: be under way 5.print money: 字面义：印钞票，印制货币 实际意思为：赚大钱；财源滚滚；像印钱一样大把获利 段落1 Weight-loss jabs have turned out to be blockbusters. And for good reason. For one thing, after centuries of false promises and quackery, these drugs actually work. With nearly half the world’s population expected to be obese or overweight by 2030, demand for them is assured. And, more excitingly, they may be approved for a broader set of uses. Clinical trials suggest that they could reduce the risk of heart attacks, kidney disease and perhaps even Alzheimer’s. By the end of the decade annual sales of obesity medicines could hit $80bn, making them one of pharma’s biggest classes of drugs. 减重注射剂现已成为爆款药物，其火爆自有缘由。首先，数百年来各类减重产品充斥虚假宣传、江湖骗术，而这批药物确有实际疗效。预计到2030年，全球近半数人口将处于肥胖或超重状态，这类药物的市场需求十分稳固。更令人期待的是，它们或将获批更多适应症。临床试验显示，该类药物能够降低心梗、肾病甚至阿尔茨海默病的发病风险。到2030年，肥胖药物年销售额或将达到8000亿美元，跻身制药行业规模最大的药物品类之列。 段落主旨 减肥药迎来创新热潮，疗效确切、潜在适应症广泛，市场规模预期极高。 单词 1.庸医行医；江湖骗术；伪科学疗法：quackery quack /kwæk/ ① v.（鸭子）嘎嘎叫② n. 江湖庸医；骗子（假装懂医术、冒充专家骗人） 词源：模仿鸭子嘎嘎乱叫；比喻夸夸其谈、吹嘘却无真本事的人 ery名词后缀：表行为、行当、勾当 quack（江湖骗子）+ery（行为）→ quackery江湖骗术，伪医术 charlatanry n.招摇撞骗，江湖骗术（charlatan 江湖骗子） 2.阿尔茨海默病: Alzheimer’s 短语 1.turn out to be + n./adj. 结果 / 证明是…… It turns out that +从句 原来 / 事实证明…… 2.blockbuster 可指： 电影：票房大片 书籍：超级畅销书 医药：重磅新药blockbuster drug 商业：轰动性爆款产品 hit n.热门作品 3.(do sth) for good reason 做某事是有充分理由的 区分 for good永久，一劳永逸（无 reason） He left for good.他永久离开了。 4.for one thing, … For another (thing), … 一方面……，另一方面…… In the first place,… In the second place,…首先…… 其次…… Firstly,… Secondly,…第一…… 第二…… for one thing /for another：多是同向多条理由 on the one hand /on the other hand：多是正反对比 例句对比： For one thing it’s cheap; for another it’s durable.一来便宜，二来耐用。（两个优点，同向） On the one hand it’s cheap; on the other hand it breaks easily.一方面便宜，另一方面容易坏。（一优一劣，对比） 5.a broader set of + 复数名词：范围更大的一组 6.减肥药：weight-loss jabs/obesity medicines 7.the pharma = the pharmaceutical industry 制药行业 big pharma大型制药企业 pharm = drug药物  pharma是缩写，专指整个制药产业；pharmacy 药房；pharmacist 药剂师 段落2 No wonder enthusiasm for the makers of these drugs, Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly, is at fever pitch. Since the start of 2023 Novo, maker of Wegovy (and its sibling Ozempic), has seen its market capitalisation soar by 87% to $560bn, making it Europe’s most valuable company. Meanwhile the market value of Lilly, maker of Zepbound (and its sibling Mounjaro), has more than doubled to $740bn. One of these drugmakers could be the first to attain a market value of a trillion dollars, joining an elite club mostly made up of tech firms. 市场对这类药物的生产商诺和诺德、礼来的追捧达到顶峰，这并不奇怪。Wegovy及其同系降糖药Ozempic的研发企业诺和诺德，自2023年初以来市值暴涨87%，达到5600亿美元，登顶欧洲市值最高企业。与此同时，减重药Zepbound与降糖药Mounjaro的生产商礼来，市值翻倍有余，达到7400亿美元。两家药企中或将诞生首家市值突破一万亿美元的企业，跻身大多由科技公司组成的顶尖企业行列。 注释：Wegovy用于体重管理，Ozempic用于2型糖尿病治疗，二者核心活性成分均为司美格鲁肽；Zepbound为减重专用药，Mounjaro用于2型糖尿病，活性成分为替尔泊肽。成分相同、适应症不同，故商品名有所区分。 段落主旨 诺和诺德、礼来凭借减肥针市值暴涨，有望冲击万亿市值，跻身头部企业行列。 短语 1.No wonder (that) + 完整句子 难怪…… It is no wonder (that) …不足为奇…… 2.enthusiasm for sth 对某事 / 某物的热情（固定介词用 for） passion for sth对…… 的热爱（感情更强） zeal for sth热忱 3.be at fever pitch （情绪、舆论、紧张局势）处于白热化、狂热顶点 fever n.发烧，狂热 pitch n.（声音、情绪的）程度、强度、顶点 at its height处于鼎盛 / 高潮 4.市值：market capitalization/market value 5.暴涨了：soar by... 6.由某人某物组成：be make up of sb/sth consist of sb/sth comprise sb/sth 段落3 Add in the limited volumes and high prices for these drugs today, and you might think that this nascent industry is on course to be a price-gouging duopoly. In fact, the market will soon look drastically different from what you see now. 加之当前这类药物产能有限、售价高昂，你或许会认为这个新兴行业终将形成漫天抬价的双头垄断格局。但事实上，市场格局很快就会和当下截然不同。 段落主旨 当前减肥药供给有限、售价高昂，看似将形成垄断，但市场格局很快会发生巨大改变。 单词 1.nascent：书面正式，刚刚诞生、尚未成熟，侧重发展早期萌芽状态（科技、行业、社会运动高频） emerging：新兴的，正在崛起；使用更广（emerging market） fledgling：羽翼未丰的，初出茅庐的，多指机构、人 natal：nat(出生)+al adj. 出生的，诞生的（natal day 诞辰） innate：in(在内)+nat(出生)adj. 天生的，与生俱来的 2.哄抬物价；价格欺诈；趁势漫天要价: price-gouging gouge /ɡaʊdʒ/v.凿挖；敲竹杠，漫天要价 pricegouge v.哄抬价格  pricegouger n.哄抬物价的商家 crack down on pricegouging打击哄抬物价 词组 1.add in sth：纳入、把… 算进去 / 加进去（抽象、实物均可） add to sth：使（情绪、数量）加剧，增添 add up to/amount to：总计达；意味着 2.be on course to do sth 按趋势将会做某事、有望达成  be on course for sth后接名词，有望获得…… course n.航线；进程；发展轨迹  on course：在既定轨道上→ 按当前趋势，很可能实现目标 3.和某人某物截然不同：be drastically different from sb/sth 段落4 Right now the drugs are in short supply. Shortages of their active ingredients, like semaglutide for Wegovy, and of the skinny “pens” used to inject the medicine, are a constraint on production. And with a list price of almost $16,000 a year, these treatments are not cheap. Although a few users may be able to afford the cost themselves, most will need help from insurers or health services—many of which have yet to be convinced that the benefits are worth the drugs’ eye-watering prices. 目前该类药物供不应求。Wegovy所用司美格鲁肽等活性原料药短缺，配套纤细注射笔供应不足，共同制约着产能释放。该类药物每年标价近1.6万美元，治疗成本不菲。少数患者虽可自费承担，但绝大多数人需要保险公司或公立医疗体系报销。而诸多保险与医疗机构仍不认可，药物疗效配得上其令人咋舌的高价。 注释：司美格鲁肽属于GLP-1受体激动剂，血糖升高时可促使胰腺分泌适量胰岛素以控糖。GLP-1受体激动剂可作用于大脑调控食欲与进食的区域，同时延缓胃排空，以此抑制食欲、实现减重。 段落主旨 活性成分与注射笔产能受限造成药物短缺，药物年花费高昂，多数保险机构尚未认可其价值。 单词 1.eyewatering：字面 “刺激得眼睛流泪的”；比喻数额大到令人震惊，专门修饰价格、成本、费用。  watering复合形容词后缀：使人产生…… 感受的 同类比喻： mouthwatering令人垂涎的 exorbitant prices过高的、漫天的价格 短语 1.sth be in short supply 某物供应短缺 short adj.不足的，短缺的 supply n.供给，供应 be short of sth：（人）缺少某物，主语通常是人 2.be a constraint on sth 对某事 / 某物形成制约、限制因素  place/impose a constraint on sth对…… 施加限制 con(together) + strain(拉紧) + t (名词后缀) strain = tighten拉紧；强行束缚 → constraint 约束力、制约因素 constrain: con+strainv.约束，限制，束缚 constraint: con+strain+tn.限制，约束条件 restrain: re+strainv.抑制，管制 restraint: re+strain+tn.管制，克制 3.list price 标价，目录价 4.have/has yet to do sth 尚未做某事  = have/has not yet done sth 段落5 Access will be an even bigger problem in much of the emerging world, which is projected to experience the largest increases in obesity as incomes rise and diets change. So far most of Lilly’s and Novo’s sales have been in America, with the rest going mainly to Europe. Nor does it help emerging-world patients that the jabs need to be refrigerated, making them unsuitable for use in countries with less developed supply chains.多数新兴市场国家的药物可及性问题会更为严峻。随着当地居民收入提升、饮食结构改变，肥胖率预计将出现大幅攀升。截至目前，礼来与诺和诺德的产品主要销往美国，剩余市场集中在欧洲。这类注射剂需要全程冷藏，供应链配套薄弱的新兴国家难以妥善储运，当地肥胖患者获取药物更加困难。  段落主旨 新兴市场肥胖增长迅速，但药物主要销往欧美，冷藏要求进一步限制发展中国家获取该药物。 短语 1.Access will be an even bigger problem in … 获取 / 可及性问题在…… 方面将变得更为严峻 access n. ①（资源、药品、服务）获取、享用机会；可及性②通道，使用权 2.be projected to do sth 预计将会做…… be projected at +数字 预计达到（后接数值） pro(向前) + ject (投掷) → project v.推算、预测；投射  projected形容词：经预测的 段落6 Yet there are good reasons to think that in future the market will see expanded supply, lower prices and a more global patient base. For a start, investment by Lilly and Novo to expand production should ease bottlenecks over time. Both firms are pouring billions of dollars into boosting supply by building their own capacity and teaming up with other manufacturers. Lilly and Novo are also racing to gain an edge over each other. Novo has already developed a pill that is about as effective as its injectable version. Lilly expects to launch its own obesity pill in a few years. Both companies also have newer versions of the drugs in the late stages of development which are more efficacious or have fewer side-effects. 但我们有充分依据判断，未来市场供给将扩容、药价将下行，药物也将惠及全球更多患者。首先，礼来与诺和诺德持续加码扩产投资，长期来看能够缓解产能瓶颈。两家企业均投入数十亿美元自建生产线，同时与其他药企合作代工，以此提升整体供货量。礼来与诺和诺德也在激烈竞争、抢占先发优势。诺和诺德已研发出口服制剂，减重效果与注射款基本持平；礼来计划数年内推出自家的减重口服药。两家企业均有多款迭代新药进入研发后期，药效更强或副作用更低。 段落主旨 未来供给有望扩张、价格下行、覆盖全球患者：两大药企加大产能投入，同时推进口服药、新一代改良药物研发。 单词 1.efficacious ef+fic+acious adj.（药物、疗法）疗效好的，奏效的 ef(out) + fic (做= fact) + acious（多… 的） fic = do/make做 → 能做出效果的 → 奏效的 efficacy: ef+fic+acy n.药效；功效（医学高频） efficient: ef+fic+ient adj.效率高的（侧重省时省力） effective: ef+fect adj.有效的（通用） 短语 1.There are good reasons to do sth 有充分理由做某事  There are good reasons for doing sth（也可用for + 动名词） good此处不是 “好的”，指充分、站得住脚的，和之前学过的 for good reason 同源。 2.for a start：首先 In the first place首先（书面）  To start with首先 3.pour … into sth：把金钱、资源大量倾注到某事物上 4.team up with sb/sth 和…… 联手合作 cooperate with：合作（正式书面） collaborate with：协作 5.race to do sth 竞相 / 争相做某事 race against time与时间赛跑 the race to do sth（名词结构）竞相做某事的竞赛 6.gain an edge over sb/sth 取得优于…… 的竞争优势 edge n.边缘；引申义：竞争优势、有利条件  gain an edge：获得优势；over引出对比对象 7.减肥药：obesity pills/obesity medicines/drugs 段落7 More important in the long term, however, is the array of competitors preparing to enter the market. Wegovy, Zepbound and their ilk are less protected by patents than, say, Humira, a blockbuster anti-inflammatory drug that has reaped more than $200bn in sales over 20 years. 但从长期视角来看，更关键的是大批竞争者正筹备入局。Wegovy、Zepbound这类药物的专利保护力度，远不及阿达木单抗（Humira）。Humira是一款爆款抗炎药，二十年间累计销售额突破2000亿美元。 注释：the same ilk：同类、同类型的人或事物。 段落主旨 长期关键变量是大批潜在竞争者入局，这类减肥药专利壁垒弱于传统超级重磅药。 单词 1.inflammation n. 炎症，发炎 inflammatory adj. 炎症的；引发炎症的；煽动性的 antiinflammatory adj. 抗炎的 n. 抗炎药 anti对抗，反对 in(into) + flamm(火焰 = flame) +atory flamm火焰→ inflammation 炎症（身体 “起火发炎”）  anti + inflammatory →对抗炎症→抗炎的 短语 1.array n. 排列；大批；各类事物的集合  an array of /the array of +复数名词 各式各样的，一大批的 a host of：一大批，侧重数量多 2.A and their ilk A 以及其同类机构 / 人物，后面谓语常用复数 and the like：中性，“以及诸如此类”，语气平淡 段落8 Already more than 70 companies are running close to 100 clinical trials for obesity drugs. These include big pharma firms (Amgen and Boehringer Ingelheim) and smaller biotechs (Viking Therapeutics and Structure Therapeutics) in the West, as well as Chinese drugmakers such as Sciwind Biosciences and Eccogene. Many are testing versions that are distinct enough from Wegovy and Zepbound that patent protections will not apply, allowing them to come to market within a few years, should they gain regulators’ blessing. 目前已有70余家企业开展近百项肥胖药物临床试验，其中包含西方大型药企（安进、勃林格殷格翰）、中小型生物科技企业（维京医疗、硕迪生物），以及先为达生物、诚益生物等国内制药企业。多家企业测试的药物与Wegovy、Zepbound存在显著差异，不受现有专利约束；只要通过监管审批，短短数年内即可上市。  段落主旨 全球七十余家企业开展近百项临床试验，包含欧美大小药企以及中国药企，多款新药可规避专利，获批后数年内即可上市。 短语 1.run trials 开展 / 进行试验 close to接近，将近 ≈ nearly clinical trials临床试验 2.大型药企：big pharma firms 3.gain 获得；blessing n. 祝福；（引申）认可、正式许可  gain one’s blessing获得…… 的批准 / 支持 4.A be distinct from B A 与 B 截然不同 段落9 Some candidates in the pipeline could be more effective than existing treatments; others might do away with the inconvenience of today’s drugs, which require patients to inject themselves once a week and to continue taking them indefinitely to keep their weight down. Viking’s experimental drug, for example, has been shown to help patients shed more weight than existing jabs. Amgen is testing a treatment that does not require patients to be on the drugs indefinitely. And Structure is developing a promising-looking pill. 部分在研候选药物减重效果或将优于现有疗法；另一些则能解决当前药物的使用痛点——现有注射剂需患者每周自行注射，且需终身持续用药才能维持体重。例如，维京医疗的试验药物，临床减重效果优于现有注射制剂；安进正在研发一款无需终身持续使用的减重疗法；硕迪生物也在开发一款前景可观的口服制剂。 段落主旨 在研候选药物具备多重优势：减重效果更强、无需终身用药、口服剂型，解决现有注射药的痛点。 单词 1.indefinite: 不确定的，无限期的 in(not) + de(down) + fin (界限= finish) + ite fin = boundary/end界限、终点 → definite 有明确界限的  in否定前缀→ indefinite 没有界限的→不确定的、无限期的 派生词： definite adj.明确的，确定的 definition n.定义 indefinitely adv.无限期地；模糊地 infinite：无穷无尽的，数量无限（侧重数量） 短语 1.pipeline 原义 “管道”；比喻：项目、药物、方案处在流程之中，尚未正式推出 / 获批。  sth be in the pipeline某事正在推进、尚在流程中 2.do away with sth 废除 / 取消某事物；彻底摆脱 可用于制度、做法、障碍、物品等 do away with：强调彻底拿掉、废除，口语书面均可，报刊常用 abolish：正式，多指废除法律、制度 eliminate：消除（风险、问题） 3.减肥：keep one’s weight down/shed weight 段落10 Healthy competition良性竞争  This frenzy of innovation is welcome. Lilly and Novo may lose their lead in the long term if cheaper alternatives arise; or they may themselves furiously innovate to reduce costs. Either way, prices should come down, making the drugs more accessible to patients around the world. Today the two pharma firms are reaping the rewards from their blockbuster drugs. But in time it will be consumers who benefit most of all. 这一轮创新热潮值得肯定。一旦平价替代药物问世，礼来与诺和诺德长期领先的地位或将不保；两家企业也可能通过持续高强度创新压缩生产成本。无论何种走向，药价终将回落，全球患者能更容易获取药物。当下，两家药企正享受爆款药物带来的丰厚收益，但长远来看，最终最大受益者将是广大患者。 段落主旨 激烈创新竞争会推动降价，无论竞品崛起还是巨头自我革新，最终全球患者将成为最大受益者。 单词 1.access n. 可及性；获取机会  accessibility n.（药品、服务）可及性（医药外刊核心词） inaccessible adj.难以获取的；无法得到的 be accessible to sb对某人而言是可获得的  make sth accessible使某物易于获取 / 普及 2.reap v. 收割；收获；rewards 回报、收益  reap the rewards from sth从某事中获得回报