A phase 2, open-label, non-randomized, single center study evaluating 18F-fluoroestradiol positron emission tomography/computed tomography for the detection of distant metastases in low-grade, estrogen receptor-positive stage III breast cancer

开始日期2025-12-30

申办/合作机构

Asan Medical Center

NCT07112053

/ Recruiting临床2期IIT

A Phase II Study of STEMVAC Vaccine Therapy for Patients With Hormone Receptor Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer

This phase II trial studies how well a vaccine, STEMVAC, works in combination with standard endocrine-based therapy (ET) with a CDK4/6 targeted drug therapy, or with the chemotherapy drug capecitabine, in treating patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer that has spread from where it first started (primary site) to other places in the body (metastatic). STEMVAC is designed to target proteins that cancer cells use when they become more aggressive and start to spread, and it is believed to work by boosting the immune system to recognize and destroy the invader tumor cells that are causing the disease. Standard ET is treatment that adds, blocks, or removes hormones in order to slow or stop the growth of cancer. Standard CDK4/6 inhibitors, including abemaciclib, may stop the growth of tumor cells and may kill them by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Capecitabine is in a class of medications called antimetabolites. It is taken up by tumor cells and breaks down into fluorouracil, a substance that kills tumor cells. Giving STEMVAC in combination with standard ET or chemotherapy may be an effective treatment for metastatic HR positive, HER2 negative breast cancer.

开始日期2025-11-17

申办/合作机构

University of Washington

KCT0009872

/ Completed临床2期IIT

A phase 2, open-label, non-randomized, single center study to explore diagnostic performance of [18F]fluoroestradiol (FES) positron emission tomography/computed tomography for the assessment of axillary lymph node metastasis in estrogen-positive breast cancer

开始日期2024-11-18

申办/合作机构

Asan Medical Center

100 项与 18F-雌二醇相关的临床结果

登录后查看更多信息

100 项与 18F-雌二醇相关的转化医学

登录后查看更多信息

100 项与 18F-雌二醇相关的专利（医药）

登录后查看更多信息

113

项与 18F-雌二醇相关的文献（医药）

2026-03-01·Biomaterials advances

An all-natural tannic acid@FeS2 hybrid hydrogel with synergistic photothermal/chemotherapy for infected wound healing

Article

作者: Ming, Jie ; Zhang, Man ; Zhang, Yongping ; Fu, Huixiao ; Xu, Jian ; Wang, Dan ; Fu, Jian

The management of infected wounds faces significant challenges due to escalating bacterial resistance and the complexity of healing microenvironments arising from the healing process. Here, we engineer a self-assembled nanocomposite hydrogel based on tannic acid (TA) and FeS₂, which synergistically integrates the NIR-triggered photothermal ablation of FeS₂ with TA's intrinsic antimicrobial properties. This self-assembling strategy simultaneously mitigates FeS₂ nanocomposite toxicity and overcomes single-treatment limitations, orchestrating tissue-regenerative cascades. The hydrogel is formed through a metal-phenolic network nanocomposite, possesses a porous structure with responsive drug release and excellent photothermal performance. It exhibits potent synergistic antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, substantially enhanced upon near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. In vivo studies reveal that the hydrogel significantly accelerates wound closure in infected wound, promotes angiogenesis, and enhances collagen deposition. Furthermore, the hydrogel demonstrates superior anti-inflammatory effects, along with excellent biocompatibility. Taken together, we have successfully constructed a multifunctional self-assembled hydrogel that effectively facilitates infected wound healing via photothermal-chemical synergistic antibacterial effects, antioxidation, and pro-angiogenic activities. This study pioneers a combinatorial therapy against drug-resistant wound infections, offering significant translational potential for clinical wound management.

2026-02-15·WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Enhanced trichloroethylene degradation in groundwater: synergistic activation of persulfate by multivalent iron materials coupled with activated carbon

Article

作者: Lyu, Shuguang ; Xu, Zhiqiang ; Tu, Yuedong ; Zang, Xueke

ABSTRACT:

This study investigates the synergistic activation of persulfate (PS) by multivalent iron-based materials (ZVI, FeS, and FeS2) in the presence of activated carbon (AC) for the efficient degradation of trichloroethylene (TCE). The incorporation of AC markedly accelerated TCE oxidation by enriching contaminants within its microenvironment and promoting reactive species (ROS) generation. The optimal PS/iron/TCE molar ratios with 0.5 g L−1 AC were 20/10/3 for the PS/ZVI/TCE system and 20/60/3 for both PS/FeS/TCE and PS/FeS2/TCE systems. Scavenging and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analyses identified hydroxyl radicals (HO•), sulfate radicals (SO4−∙), and singlet oxygen (1O2) as the dominant ROS responsible for TCE degradation. All three systems maintained over 90% removal efficiency across a wide pH range (3–9). Anion interference tests revealed that bicarbonate (HCO3−) strongly inhibited ROS formation, while other anions had minor effects. Experiments using actual groundwater confirmed the robustness of the AC-iron systems, which achieved efficient degradation of chlorinated alkenes, while exhibiting limited activity toward saturated chlorinated alkanes. Overall, this research highlights the synergistic role of AC and iron-based materials in PS activation and provides valuable insights into selective CHC degradation in a complex groundwater environment.

2025-07-01·JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE

Encapsulation of FeS2 within N/S-Doped bamboo-like carbon nanotubes for facilitated rapid catalytic conversion of polysulfides in high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries

Article

作者: Zhang, Wanqi ; Chen, Manfang ; Wang, Xianyou ; Yu, Ruizhi ; Liu, Sisi ; Wang, Caixiang ; Peng, Xuewen ; Tang, Qin ; Shu, Hongbo ; Ye, Yongjie ; He, Yongqian ; Luo, Yan ; Wang, Mengqing ; Chen, Ying

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered to be competitive next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices, but their practical application is severely hampered by the shuttle effect and slow redox kinetics of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). To address this challenge, FeS₂ encapsulated within N/S co-doped bamboo-like carbon nanotubes (FeS₂/NSC) is synthesized via a pyrolysis sulfidation process, and act as a coating separator for LSBs. The 1-dimensional (1D) S and N co-doped carbon substrate materials can act as conductive networks, exposing more adsorption sites and enhancing the capture of LiPSs. Furthermore, the FeS₂ can realize the fast catalytic transformation of LiPSs. The results show that batteries with FeS₂/NSC separators exhibit excellent cycling stability (790.8 mAh g^-1 after 500 cycles at 0.5 C) and rate performance (1056.5 mAh g^-1 at 2 C). Meanwhile, a significant area capacity of 8.2 mAh cm^-2 is shown when the S loading is 9.1 mg cm^-2. Most importantly, the battery with FeS₂/NSC separator demonstrates excellent performance over a wide temperature range (0 °C and 60 °C), maintaining 92.8%/76.3% capacity retention after 100 cycles, respectively. Hence, this research offers significant contributions to the understanding of transition metal sulfides and their potential for enhancing the performance of LSBs.

项与 18F-雌二醇相关的新闻（医药）

2026-06-12

·核药文献

【综述】面向乳腺癌精准医疗的多维靶向探针研究进展

题目：Advances in multi-dimensional targeting probes for precision medicine of breast cancer 作者：Pengli Zhang 1, Manxiang Wu 2, Linglin Sun 2, et al. 出处：Biomaterials. 2026 Nov:334:124247. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2026.124247. Epub 2026 May 3. 摘要乳腺癌是全球女性发病率最高的恶性肿瘤，同时也是女性癌症相关死亡的第二大诱因 [1]。医学影像在乳腺癌的诊断与诊疗管理中发挥着关键作用，可提供肿瘤位置、异质性及转移进展等重要信息。核医学显像依托探针实现无创性功能评估，相比计算机断层扫描（CT）、磁共振成像（MRI）等传统结构显像技术，能更有效地捕捉肿瘤生物学特征 [8-9]。特异性分子靶点的筛选，对于肿瘤精准分型、预后评估以及制定个体化治疗方案至关重要。本文基于乳腺癌三维空间框架对各类分子靶点进行分类，分别为：（1）细胞内代谢过程；（2）细胞表面受体表达；（3）细胞外肿瘤微环境（TME）。从细胞内代谢到微环境网络的多维靶向策略，可借助核医学显像解析乳腺癌的生物学特征：代谢显像能够反映肿瘤核心细胞功能，受体显像可识别有效治疗靶点并评估分子表达水平，肿瘤微环境显像则能够阐释复杂的微环境相互作用。该空间靶向策略可实现治疗靶点无创评估、肿瘤异质性判定以及疗效动态监测。与此同时，相关技术已逐步从单纯诊断向诊疗一体化方向发展，将诊断探针与治疗性放射性核素联用，可实现影像引导下的放射性配体治疗。本文梳理现有研究成果并展望未来发展方向，旨在为临床实践以及新一代肿瘤显像与诊疗一体化平台的研发提供参考，助力肿瘤精准诊疗领域发展。 1 引言乳腺癌是全球女性发病率最高的恶性肿瘤，也是女性癌症死亡的第二大原因 [1]。全球范围内，乳腺癌占所有新发癌症病例的 11.6%，仅次于肺癌（12.4%）[2]。乳腺癌存在显著的分子异质性，临床常依据雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）、人表皮生长因子受体 2（HER2）等生物标志物的表达情况对其进行分型 [3]。目前临床采用多种分期系统对乳腺癌进行分期。解剖分期采用 TN 系统将肿瘤划分为 Ⅰ-Ⅳ 期，该系统依据肿瘤大小、淋巴结受累情况及远处转移情况进行判定：Ⅰ 期为局限性肿瘤，Ⅳ 期代表出现远处转移。分子分型相较于解剖分期更为精细，可将乳腺癌分为管腔型、HER2 阳性型以及三阴性亚型，不同亚型对应截然不同的治疗方案。乳腺影像报告和数据系统（BI-RADS）是一套标准化影像分级体系，分为 0-6 级，广泛应用于乳腺钼靶、超声及磁共振检查，用于评估病灶恶性风险并指导临床诊疗。Ⅳ 期乳腺癌患者的 5 年相对生存率仅为 29%，这也凸显了肿瘤早期筛查、精准分期、及时干预以及复发转移防控的重要性 [4]。当前乳腺癌临床诊疗主要面临两大难题：一是早期诊断难度较大，二是侵袭性亚型的治疗方案复杂，这也是目前临床诊疗工作的主要瓶颈。现阶段主流的乳腺筛查手段包括乳腺钼靶、超声与磁共振成像。乳腺钼靶是应用最广泛、技术最成熟的筛查方式，对于检出早期恶性肿瘤相关的微小钙化灶效果显著，在过去数十年间有效降低了乳腺癌的死亡率 [5]。但该技术对于乳腺致密、存在纤维囊性病变或年轻女性群体的检出灵敏度有限，易出现假阴性结果 [6]。乳腺超声常作为补充检查手段，对致密乳腺内的小型可触及病灶检出灵敏度更高，可实时成像，评估病灶形态、边界及血流情况，还能区分囊性与实性病灶。但超声检查结果高度依赖操作人员水平，重复性较差，纤维腺瘤、局灶性纤维化等良性病变也易造成假阳性。磁共振成像具备优异的软组织对比度，结合增强扫描可获取功能信息，对于多灶性、多中心性病灶以及对侧乳腺病变的检出灵敏度极高，尤其适用于 BRCA 基因突变等高风险人群。不过磁共振成像特异度偏低，易出现假阳性，且检查费用高昂、普及度有限，一般仅用于疑难病例诊断或高风险人群筛查 [7]。传统影像技术仅能提供形态学信息，难以实现乳腺癌的早期精准诊断、分子分型、转移灶检出及全面分期。核医学以放射性核素与核辐射为基础开展疾病诊断、治疗及科研工作，可有效弥补传统影像技术的不足 [8]。无创核医学显像能够对肿瘤代谢活性进行定量分析，并完成全身功能成像，在微小早期病灶和全身转移灶的检出方面具备独特优势 [9]。将解剖影像（多为 CT）与核医学功能、代谢影像融合，可实现肿瘤的全面评估。临床主流核医学设备包括正电子发射计算机断层显像 / 计算机断层显像（PET/CT）、单光子发射计算机断层显像 / 计算机断层显像（SPECT/CT）[10]。乳腺癌组织与正常组织生物学特征差异显著，这是靶向诊断与治疗的生物学基础。显像探针由放射性核素与靶向配体构成，可特异性结合生物靶点，通过观测探针在体内的分布，实现疾病诊断、定量分析、临床分期以及复发转移监测 [11]。常用于乳腺癌显像的放射性核素包括碳11、18F、68Ga、64Cu、锆89、锝99m，在乳腺癌诊断与治疗中均发挥重要作用 [12]。这类探针可突破 CT、MRI、超声等传统影像的形态学局限，实现全身动态检测、靶点表达精准量化，还能在组织形态发生改变前捕捉生物学异常，为疾病早期预判与治疗方案制定提供支撑。目前针对乳腺癌 PET 探针的分类方式较多，传统分类多依据放射性核素种类、分子结构、代谢通路进行划分，但各类别之间存在大量重叠，也无法直观体现探针对应的肿瘤生物学本质以及与治疗靶点的关联 [13,14]。本文采用全新的肿瘤生物学空间分类体系，该体系具备多重优势：首先，可将各类探针与肿瘤特定生物区域一一对应，把影像信号转化为可解读的病理生理信息；其次，建立了影像靶点与临床可行治疗方案的直接关联，例如靶向 HER2 的探针可指导抗 HER2 治疗，靶向成纤维细胞活化蛋白（FAP）的探针可指导基质靶向治疗；最后，该体系可兼顾肿瘤空间异质性，整合不同区域探针的检测结果，全面解读肿瘤生物学特征。这种基于空间维度的分类方式，不仅能够提升诊断准确度，还可搭建分子影像与精准医疗之间的转化桥梁。本文基于肿瘤生物学空间维度构建分类框架，从肿瘤细胞内、细胞表面、肿瘤微环境三大维度，系统总结靶向肿瘤代谢、肿瘤特异性受体、肿瘤微环境的相关探针。此类探针围绕肿瘤细胞代谢重编程、特异性蛋白表达、肿瘤微环境形成三大核心生物学过程，能够解析乳腺癌相关生物学信息，将分子影像结果直接转化为治疗指导依据 [15]。这类新型示踪剂不仅可用于精准诊断，在药物研发、疗效动态监测、临床前病理生理研究等领域也具备巨大潜力。同时，该多维框架可实现肿瘤精准表征，为诊疗一体化平台的研发奠定基础。本文整合近年来相关临床前与临床研究成果，梳理探针发展方向与临床转化前景。图1. 靶向乳腺癌肿瘤代谢、肿瘤细胞受体及肿瘤微环境的多维成像探针示意图。 2 乳腺癌生物学相关 PET 探针研发乳腺癌的恶性进展由多种生物学过程共同驱动，肿瘤细胞固有代谢重编程、细胞表面受体信号紊乱以及具有促瘤作用的肿瘤微环境，共同推动肿瘤生长并诱导治疗耐药 [15]。从分子影像角度而言，高性能探针的研发不仅需要明确生物学靶点，还需结合合理的探针设计原则。 2.1 乳腺癌 PET 探针的生物学基础肿瘤细胞会发生代谢重编程，改变自身代谢模式，以满足快速增殖过程中激增的能量与生物合成需求 [16]。肿瘤细胞存在糖代谢、脂代谢、氨基酸代谢、核苷酸代谢等多种代谢异常 [16]。与正常细胞相比，肿瘤细胞糖酵解水平升高、葡萄糖摄取量增加、氨基酸转运异常、胆碱摄取增多 [17]。上述代谢异常相互关联、彼此影响，为肿瘤细胞增殖、存活、侵袭和转移提供能量与生物前体物质 [18]。以这类代谢通路为靶点的 PET 探针，如18F-FDG、18F-FLT，可无创可视化肿瘤体内代谢状态，利用影像手段量化肿瘤负荷、检出早期病灶并监测疗效，通过识别代谢活跃区域、评估治疗效果，直接指导精准治疗 [22,23]。细胞表面或胞内的多种受体存在过表达或肿瘤特异性表达现象，选用靶向这类高表达受体的示踪剂，可提升肿瘤与正常组织的信号比值，进而提高诊断灵敏度与特异。乳腺癌细胞表面可作为靶点的受体包括 ER、PR、HER2、表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）、G 蛋白偶联受体（GPCR）、组织因子（TF）、热休克蛋白（HSPs）、前列腺特异性膜抗原（PSMA）、黏蛋白 1（MUC1）等 [19]。这类受体并非单纯的生物学标志物，还是调控细胞增殖、存活、侵袭、转移等核心生命活动的信号枢纽，可激活磷脂酰肌醇 3 - 激酶 / 蛋白激酶 B（PI3K/AKT）、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）等下游通路 [20]。在肿瘤进展与治疗过程中，受体表达处于动态变化状态，在病灶内部及病灶之间均存在明显的时空异质性。利用分子探针靶向这类受体，可获得高对比度影像，帮助临床医师实时定位可作用的治疗靶点，助力个体化治疗方案制定、靶向治疗监测以及耐药早期检出，因此受体显像已成为精准肿瘤学的重要组成部分。肿瘤微环境是围绕肿瘤细胞形成的复杂网络，具备独特生理特征，是肿瘤生长的重要载体 [21]。肿瘤微环境属于动态生态系统，包含细胞组分与非细胞组分，主要有成纤维细胞（CAFs）、肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAMs）、肿瘤血管、细胞外基质（ECM）以及缺氧区域 [21]。肿瘤微环境通过细胞间、细胞与细胞外基质的相互作用，参与肿瘤发生、进展、侵袭、转移及免疫逃逸全过程，促使肿瘤形成恶性表型。依托肿瘤微环境独特的生理与分子特征开发显像探针，可实现肿瘤基质结构、缺氧区域的可视化，解读肿瘤异质性、治疗耐药相关机制，同时为微环境调控类治疗方案提供参考。肿瘤微环境显像可辅助患者分层、预测疗效、监测治疗引发的微环境改变，为精准医疗提供支撑。乳腺癌 PET 探针的发展历经多个阶段：第一代探针以18F-FDG、18F-FLT为代表，靶向细胞内代谢过程，反映肿瘤核心能量需求 [22,23]；随后研发出18F-FES、锆89-曲妥珠单抗等探针，用于可视化 ER、HER2 等细胞表面受体的表达，实现治疗靶点全身定位 [24]；近年来研究重心进一步拓展至细胞外肿瘤微环境，68Ga-FAPI、18F-FMISO等探针可清晰显示肿瘤基质与缺氧区域 [25,26]。这类分层靶向探针的联合应用，让临床影像从单纯形态描述转变为肿瘤定量功能评估，为个体化治疗、疗效早期评估、耐药机制检出提供了有力工具。图2. 用于成像乳腺癌代谢、细胞受体及微环境的临床已确立和正在开发的下一代PET探针。 2.2 乳腺癌 PET 探针的设计策略除靶向性以外，化学结构与材料特性也会显著影响 PET 探针的性能。探针设计的关键要素包括放射性核素选择、螯合剂稳定性、连接臂设计、分子骨架以及递送载体，上述因素共同决定探针药代动力学特征、肿瘤摄取量与成像对比度 [27]。18F、68Ga半衰期较短，通常搭配小分子、多肽类载体；64Cu、锆89等长半衰期核素更适用于抗体等大分子载体 [28]。DOTA、NOTA、DTPA、DFO 等螯合剂可保障放射性金属离子在体内的稳定性，避免核素脱落。聚乙二醇修饰、白蛋白结合基团、多价 / 二聚体等连接臂设计策略，能够调控探针体内循环时长、提升肿瘤滞留能力，在诊疗一体化应用中尤为重要。 Hachey 等人将靶向乳腺肿瘤基质纤连蛋白额外结构域 A 的 F8 抗体分别偶联不同螯合剂：结合 DFO 后标记锆89，得到锆89-DFO-F8 用于 PET 显像；结合 CHX-A''-DTPA 后标记镥177，得到镥177-F8 用于放射性配体治疗 [29]。该组诊疗一体化探针体内分布与肿瘤摄取特征相近，在三阴性乳腺癌异种移植模型中，镥177-F8可显著延长荷瘤小鼠生存期，仅引发一过性骨髓抑制。小分子、多肽、抗体、纳米抗体等不同分子骨架，会直接影响探针组织穿透能力、靶向特异度与成像时间窗口。纳米载体可提升药物递送效率，实现多模态成像与治疗一体化。有研究将锰卟啉与吲哚菁绿在白蛋白上自组装，构建诊疗一体化纳米探针碘131-M@HI [30]。该探针可实现荧光 / MRI 双模态显像，靶向肿瘤与前哨淋巴结，同时改善肿瘤缺氧状态。锰卟啉可催化生成羟基自由基，实现化学动力学治疗，同时增敏碘131放射治疗。在乳腺癌模型中，该探针的肿瘤抑制率达 85%，可清除前哨淋巴结转移灶，并使肺转移结节数量减少 90%。综上，探针各项设计参数共同调控药代动力学、肿瘤滞留效果与成像对比度，直接决定其临床转化潜力。新一代探针的研发需要同步优化靶向性与材料性能，提升灵敏度、特异度与临床适用性。下文将逐一阐述多维靶向探针的临床应用、现存问题与发展展望。 3 基于肿瘤代谢的 PET 显像探针 3.1 糖酵解靶向探针 FDG 是葡萄糖类似物，分子中一个羟基被氟原子取代 [31]。FDG 通过葡萄糖转运蛋白进入细胞，经己糖激酶磷酸化后滞留于胞内。作为葡萄糖模拟物，FDG 可参与人体代谢通路，能够可靠反映各组织器官的葡萄糖利用情况，区分正常组织与恶性组织 [32]。FDG 的体内分布不仅体现肿瘤细胞代谢状态，也可间接反映肿瘤微环境特征。肿瘤高代谢、缺氧、免疫 - 基质相互作用等因素均会影响 FDG 摄取。 18F-FDG是目前应用最成熟的显像剂，可提供与乳腺癌相关的定量代谢信息 [33]。乳腺癌细胞糖酵解活性越高，18F-FDG摄取量越高，借助 PET/CT 可直观、半定量评估原发乳腺肿瘤、肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞，以及腋窝、小肠、骨骼、肝脏、脑部等部位的远处转移灶 [34]。该显像技术可整合肿瘤代谢、形态及定量信息。2022 年，欧洲肿瘤内科学会（ESMO）与美国国家综合癌症网络（NCCN）均将18F-FDG PET/CT纳入乳腺癌分期推荐方案 [35]。研究显示，Ⅰ 期、Ⅱ 期乳腺癌患者经18F-FDG PET/CT检查后，分别有 11%、20% 的患者检出远处转移 [36]。另有研究纳入 196 经常规影像检查未发现远处转移的乳腺癌患者，18F-FDG PET/CT在其中 14% 的患者体内检出转移灶，使这部分患者重新划分为 Ⅳ 期 [37]。18F-FDG PET/CT测得的最大标准摄取值与乳腺癌恶性分级、预后及疗效密切相关，是疗效评估的重要指标 [38]。在乳腺癌复发检出方面，一项回顾性研究纳入 26 例肿瘤抗原 15-3、癌胚抗原指标升高的患者，结果显示18F-FDG PET/CT诊断复发的灵敏度为 95.0%、特异度为 71.43%，优于常规影像（灵敏度 78.95%、特异度 57.14%）[39]。一项双中心研究针对 128 例接受抗体药物偶联物治疗的转移性乳腺癌患者展开分析，结果证实治疗前18F-FDG PET/CT相关生物学指标具备预后价值：在接受 Sacituzumab Govitecan 治疗的三阴性乳腺癌患者中，肿瘤最大扩散范围、肿瘤总代谢体积数值偏高，提示患者总生存期缩短；在接受 Trastuzumab Deruxtecan 治疗的 HER2 低表达患者中，上述两项指标升高与无进展生存期、总生存期缩短显著相关 [40]。尽管18F-FDG在乳腺癌诊断、分期、疗效评估中占据核心地位，但该探针存在非特异性摄取问题，易造成假阳性结果。图3.基于肿瘤代谢探针在乳腺癌成像中的应用。（A）患者选择流程图。（B）利用总代谢肿瘤体积（TMTV）和最大肿瘤扩散范围（Dmax）进行风险分层[40]。（C）[18F]-氟氯丁氨酸PET/CT图像显示良性导管增生（箭头），5分钟时SUVmax为5.2（左图）；以及浸润性导管癌（IDC）（箭头），5分钟时SUVmax为9.7（右图）。（D）双侧乳腺癌的[18F]-氟氯丁氨酸PET/CT图像显示，右侧三阴性IDC（箭头）摄取高于左侧ER+/HER2+ IDC（箭头）。（E）左侧浸润性乳头状癌（ILC）的[18F]-氟氯丁氨酸PET/CT图像。（F）在乳腺内淋巴结转移的ILC病灶中，[18F]-氟氯丁氨酸（左图）的摄取高于[18F]-FDG（右图）的PET/CT成像结果[41]。（G）分别静脉注射[18F]-FLT和[18F]-FDG的小鼠异种移植瘤模型（4T1和TS/A）治疗后7天的代表性PET图像。（H）分别静脉注射[18F]-FLT和[18F]-FDG的4T1和TS/A模型中，肿瘤与肌肉组织的平均SUV值比值[42]。 3.2 氨基酸靶向探针肿瘤细胞蛋白质合成旺盛，氨基酸消耗量与氨基酸转运体表达随之升高 [49]。碳11-MET是最早应用的放射性标记氨基酸显像剂之一 [43]。Leskinen-Kallio 等人利用碳11-MET成功显示乳腺癌原发灶与转移灶，其摄取量与细胞分裂期细胞占比相关，提示该探针摄取水平可反映肿瘤增殖速率 [43]。疗效监测研究发现，治疗有效病灶的碳11-MET摄取量下降，进展期病灶的摄取量维持不变甚至升高 [50]。即便患者未出现明显临床改善，首个治疗周期后即可检出碳11-MET摄取量下降，说明该探针可作为早期疗效评估标志物。对比研究显示，18F-FDG PET/CT与碳11-MET PET/CT的疗效评估结果整体一致，但后者在部分特殊场景中更具优势 [51]。不过碳11-MET存在肝脏、骨髓生理性摄取高、半衰期短、易产生非靶向代谢产物等问题。18F-fluciclovine为人工合成氨基酸类似物，主要通过 ASCT2 转运体进入细胞，半衰期更长，代谢产物稳定性优于碳11-MET。Tade 等人研究发现，18F-fluciclovine在乳腺良性导管增生、浸润性导管癌、双侧乳腺癌病灶中均有明显摄取；在浸润性小叶癌病灶中的摄取程度高于18F-FDG，可辅助乳腺可疑病灶的组织学与免疫组化特征判断 [41]。放射性标记氨基酸类探针可靶向氨基酸代谢，评估肿瘤增殖活性，实现疗效早期监测。碳11标记示踪剂因半衰期较短难以广泛应用，但这类探针可作为18F-FDG的补充，在乳腺癌代谢评估与疗效监测中具备应用潜力。 3.3 细胞膜合成靶向探针肿瘤增殖过程中细胞膜合成速率加快，磷脂类物质代谢活性显著提升 [52]。胆碱是细胞膜的重要组分，也是脂肪酸合成的关键。多项核磁共振波谱研究证实，多种肿瘤的胆碱代谢均存在异常。胆碱进入细胞后，经胆碱激酶磷酸化后滞留胞内，该过程在甲状旁腺腺瘤、HER2 阳性乳腺癌等病变中尤为活跃 [53]。相较于正常组织，乳腺癌组织胆碱摄取量升高，且摄取水平与胆碱激酶表达及活性相关，反映了快速增殖肿瘤细胞对细胞膜磷脂的大量需求 [54]。 2009 年，Contractor 等人首次将碳11-胆碱 PET/CT应用于 32 例 ER 阳性乳腺癌患者，其中 30 例患者病灶具备理想的肿瘤 / 本底信号比 [44]。2010 年，Kenny 等人采用双时间点成像，验证了碳11-胆碱摄取结果的可重复性，并发现曲妥珠单抗治疗可显著降低乳腺癌病灶的碳11-胆碱摄取量 [55]。但碳11-胆碱在肝脏存在明显生理性摄取，不利于肝脏转移灶检出。 Saad 等人对 21 例乳腺癌患者开展18F-胆碱相关研究，发现肝脏、脾脏、胰腺、肠道、中轴骨骼等组织的生理性摄取，以及炎症、良性病灶均会造成假阴性，影响影像判读 [45]。综上，胆碱类探针可靶向胆碱代谢，反映肿瘤细胞增殖状态并监测疗效，但受限于多器官生理性摄取与假阴性问题，临床应用受到制约。未来需对探针进行优化，或联合其他成像技术，提升诊断准确度。 3.4 肿瘤增殖靶向探针细胞异常增殖是恶性肿瘤的核心特征，与肿瘤侵袭性密切相关。胸腺嘧啶仅掺入 DNA 而不参与 RNA 合成，是评估 DNA 合成的理想靶点 [56]。碳11-胸腺嘧啶是早期细胞增殖探针，但半衰期短、放射化学要求高、动力学建模复杂，临床应用受限 [57]。18F标记的第二代探针有效解决了上述问题，其中18F-FLT应用最为广泛 [57]。 18F-FLT进入细胞后经相关酶作用滞留胞内。研究证实该探针可有效检出乳腺癌原发灶与继发灶 [46]，其摄取水平与乳腺癌组织增殖标志物 Ki-67 的表达高度相关。相较于18F-FDG，18F-FLT在炎症组织中摄取更低，假阳性更少；但该探针在乳腺癌病灶中整体摄取量偏低，易出现假阴性。 2023 年 Rainone 等人开展动物实验显示，用药组小鼠在治疗 7 天后，肿瘤18F-FLT摄取量出现特异性下降，提示该探针可作为早期疗效标志物 [42]。但也有临床研究指出，在转移性乳腺癌患者中，18F-FLT PET/CT的疗效与预后预测能力并未超越18F-FDG[58]。 18F-FMAU是另一类胸腺嘧啶类探针，该探针在骨骼中摄取较低，但在肿瘤与肝脏中摄取偏高；在三阴性乳腺癌等侵袭性肿瘤中的摄取量远低于18F-FLT [47]。此外，18F-ISO-1也被证实可用于乳腺癌病灶显像 [48]。胸腺嘧啶类探针可降低炎症相关假阳性，但存在肿瘤摄取不稳定、肝脏与骨髓生理性本底高、分期应用能力有限等问题。目前这类增殖特异性示踪剂缺乏统一标准、大样本临床验证不足，也未获得监管机构批准，尚未纳入乳腺癌常规诊疗指南。后续需优化探针结构、融合多模态成像技术，提升其在侵袭性乳腺癌中的检出能力。表 1 乳腺癌成像中具有应用前景的肿瘤代谢相关靶点及对应探针生物学靶点探针应用及潜在用途优势劣势葡萄糖 18F-FDG[33-37] 疾病诊断、肿瘤分级、治疗后疗效评估临床应用成熟、指南推荐；可全面反映代谢特征；预后与疗效预测价值高特异度有限，假阳性率高；肿瘤微环境会干扰摄取结果；炎症易引发假阳性氨基酸碳11-MET[43]、18F-fluciclovine[41] 疾病诊断、治疗后疗效评估可早期监测疗效；摄取量与细胞增殖速率相关；在部分乳腺癌亚型中表现优于 FDG 肝脏存在生理性高本底；碳11半衰期短，限制临床应用；易产生非靶向代谢产物造成干扰细胞膜合成碳11-胆碱 [44]、18F-胆碱 [45] 治疗疗效监测直接反映细胞增殖状态；适用于疗效监测；肿瘤 / 本底比值良好多器官生理性摄取高；假阴性率较高；临床应用范围有限肿瘤增殖 18F-FLT[46]、18F-FMAU[47]、18F-ISO-1[48] 疾病诊断、治疗后疗效评估对 DNA 合成特异性强；与 Ki-67 指标相关性高；相较于 FDG，炎症相关假阳性更少肿瘤摄取量中等 / 偏低；肝脏、骨髓本底高；不适用于肿瘤分期整体而言，乳腺癌代谢类 PET 探针以18F-FDG为主，该探针已被指南推荐用于肿瘤分期与复发检出，但存在非特异性摄取问题。氨基酸、胆碱、增殖类探针可提供补充信息，但普遍存在生理性本底高、核素半衰期短、缺乏审批等问题。未来需开展探针优化、多模态成像融合与大样本临床验证，拓展这类探针在精准肿瘤学中的应用。 4 基于肿瘤细胞受体的 PET 显像探针 4.1 激素受体靶向探针 4.1.1 雌激素受体（ER）靶向探针 ER 属于胞内受体蛋白，主要分为 ERα、ERβ 两个亚型，约 80% 的乳腺癌为 ER 阳性，其中 ERα 在乳腺癌发病机制中发挥主要作用 [59]。肉瘤致癌因子酪氨酸激酶可直接调控 ER 及其下游信号通路，是 ER 阳性肿瘤的潜在靶点。 18F-FES本底信号低，诊断 ER 阳性肿瘤的特异度优于18F-FDG [23]。浸润性小叶癌是发病率仅次于浸润性导管癌的乳腺恶性肿瘤，该亚型 ER 阳性率约 95%，肿瘤糖酵解水平偏低，患者整体预后较差 [60]。临床研究显示，18F-FES PET/CT可检出钼靶、超声、MRI 及18F-FDG PET/CT无法发现的转移灶，使部分患者肿瘤分期得到修正 [61]。还有病例发现，18F-FDG提示治疗有效，但18F-FES仍可检出残留病灶，体现了该探针在反映肿瘤异质性、预判治疗差异方面的价值 [62]。多项研究证实，对于糖代谢水平偏低、FDG 难以检出的病灶，18F-FES可实现残留肿瘤、新发肿瘤及转移淋巴结的检出 [63]。免疫组化仅能检测局部病灶的 ER 状态，而转移灶的 ER 表达可能发生改变。研究显示18F-FES PET/CT与免疫组化检测结果的阴性符合率为 100%，阳性符合率为 76.6%[68]。在接受 CDK4/6 抑制剂联合内分泌治疗的患者中，18F-FES阴性人群的生存期显著缩短 [69]。该无创检测手段可评估 ER 异质性相关的内分泌治疗耐药，用于患者预后分层 [70]。 18F-FES存在体内代谢速度快、肝脏本底高的问题。为解决上述问题，多款改良探针被陆续研发。2018 年一项 Ⅱ 期临床试验证实，18F-4FMFES非特异性信号更低、肿瘤 / 本底比值更高 [71]。18F-FETE稳定性与产率更优 [71]。另有团队研发出碘131-IPBA-EE，提升了靶向能力，具备乳腺癌显像潜力 [72]。 ER 靶向探针在 ER 阳性乳腺癌的分期、疗效监测中具备独特优势，但仍需解决代谢稳定性、非特异性本底等问题，并开展更多临床验证。图4. 基于细胞受体探针在乳腺癌成像中的应用。(A) 一名52岁女性患者，因手术切缘阳性而接受术前治疗（病例A），另一名81岁女性患者右乳发现肿瘤（病例B），以及另一名52岁女性患者（病例C）[63]的[18F]-FDG PET、[18F]-FES PET、乳腺MRI和乳腺X线摄影图像。(B) 新型HER2特异性99mTc探针的构建。(C) [99mTc]-MIRC208和[99mTc]-MIRC213在表达不同水平HER2受体的多种乳腺癌和胃癌细胞系中的摄取情况。(D) 通过CCK-8实验评估Traz对不同细胞系的体外治疗效果。(E) 使用[99mTc]-MIRC213和[99mTc]-MIRC208进行SPECT/CT成像策略示意图。(F) 通过体内SPECT/CT成像观察到[99mTc]-MIRC208和[99mTc]-MIRC213在携带7HER2、NCI–N87或JIMT-1肿瘤的小鼠中不同的摄取模式。(G) 接受生理盐水或Traz治疗的7HER2、NCI–N87和JIMT-1异种移植瘤的肿瘤生长曲线（n = 7）。(H) 患者01的代表性最大强度投影（MIP）图像、横断面SPECT图像、SPECT/CT融合图像及HER2免疫组化染色结果[64]。(I) 流程图概述了[99mTc]Tc-MY6349的制备过程[65]。(J) 五种靶向CMKLR1的肽-DOTA偶联物的结构。(K) 五种探针生物分布的代表性静态PET图像[66]。 4.1.2 孕激素受体（PR）靶向探针 PR 是可结合孕激素的核受体，参与调控多项生理过程，在乳腺癌中其异常表达与肿瘤进展密切相关 [104]。临床常将 PR 表达作为 ER 信号通路活性的间接标志物；PR 阴性乳腺癌通常侵袭性更强、预后更差 [105]，PR 表达水平也可用于预判内分泌治疗疗效。 18F-FFNP是目前临床应用最广泛的 PR 靶向探针。一项 Ⅱ 期试验显示，内分泌治疗后探针摄取升高的患者均可从治疗中获益，且总生存期更优，证明该探针可作为内分泌治疗敏感度的预测标志物 [106]。临床前研究还发现，该探针可无创检出 ESR1 突变等治疗耐药机制 [73]。此外科研人员还研发出18F-FPTP等新型探针，但这类探针脂溶性强，在肝脏、脂肪、骨骼肌中摄取较高，肿瘤摄取量偏低，临床试验效果不佳 [74]。 PR 靶向探针可动态预判乳腺癌内分泌治疗效果，但非靶器官高摄取、代谢不稳定会降低肿瘤 / 本底比值，限制诊断准确度。未来需开展新型探针的临床验证，并探索多受体联合显像策略。 4.2 受体酪氨酸激酶（RTKs）靶向探针受体酪氨酸激酶是一类跨膜蛋白，调控细胞多项核心生命活动，其异常激活与乳腺癌进展、治疗耐药密切相关 [107]。 4.2.1 HER2 靶向探针 HER2 是重要的治疗靶点 [108]。20%~30% 的乳腺癌存在 HER2 过表达，这类肿瘤侵袭性更强、复发率更高、患者总生存期更短 [109]。曲妥珠单抗是 HER2 靶向核心药物，科研人员利用多种核素标记曲妥珠单抗，开发出多款显像探针 [110]。临床研究证实锆89-曲妥珠单抗可评估 HER2 表达水平、预判抗 HER2 治疗效果 [75]。68Ga-DOTA-F(ab')₂-曲妥珠单抗、64Cu-DOTA-曲妥珠单抗等衍生物也可靶向 HER2 阳性肿瘤 [76,77]。但部分患者会出现原发或获得性曲妥珠单抗耐药。 2022 年，相关团队研发出两款 HER2 特异性探针锝99m-MIRC213 与锝99m-MIRC208 [64]。两款探针联合使用，可在治疗前筛选获益人群，助力个体化治疗。注射锝99m-MIRC208后行检查，可清晰显示 HER2 阳性原发灶与转移淋巴结，免疫组化结果也证实了病灶 HER2 过表达 [64]。抗体类探针易增加辐射暴露，因此短半衰期核素标记的小分子制剂应运而生，例如 ABY-025 [112]。多项临床试验证实，这类探针可检出18F-FDG无法发现的病灶，预判治疗效果 [113,78]。2024 年一项研究指出，18F-NOTA-HER2-BCH检出病灶数量多于18F-FDG[79]。同时，HER2 靶向诊疗一体化技术快速发展。镥177标记曲妥珠单抗片段相关探针，病灶摄取量更高、肝脏滞留更少 [80]。靶向 HER2 的锕225射线相关治疗也取得进展，动物模型中疗效优异且毒性可控 [81]。 HER2 靶向探针可完成分子分型、预判并监测治疗效果。目前辐射暴露、非特异性摄取等问题仍有待解决。 4.2.2 EGFR 靶向探针 EGFR 在超过 50% 的三阴性乳腺癌中高表达，表达水平与患者预后相关。锆89标记西妥昔单抗得到的探针，可监测 EGFR 表达，指导三阴性乳腺癌治疗 [82]。c-MET 同样在三阴性乳腺癌中高表达，双特异性抗体 Amivantamab 对应的探针可靶向共表达两种受体的肿瘤 [83]。HER2 与 EGFR 可形成异二聚体，针对该特点研发的双特异性探针可应对受体异质性问题 [84]。 EGFR 靶向探针可实现侵袭性乳腺癌的精准显像，但非特异性摄取、受体异质性仍是难题。 4.3 细胞黏附分子（CAM）靶向探针 4.3.1 TROP2 靶向探针 TROP2 在正常组织中表达极低，在乳腺癌中高表达，不同亚型表达比例存在差异，是重要治疗靶点 [121,122,123]。Sacituzumab Govitecan 是靶向 TROP2 的经典药物，无创检测靶点表达是患者分层的关键。锆89标记抗 TROP2 抗体的探针，可用于三阴性乳腺癌显像与疗效监测 [85]。锝99m-MY6349纳米抗体探针，可无创完成全身靶点图谱绘制，指导靶向治疗 [65]。 TROP2 靶向探针价值突出，但仍需验证药代动力学与长期安全性。 4.3.2 CD146 靶向探针 CD146 在三阴性乳腺癌中高表达，与治疗耐药、上皮 - 间质转化相关 [127,128]。YY146 抗体经不同核素标记后得到多款探针，各探针体内分布存在差异 [86,87]。这类探针可用于三阴性乳腺癌分层与疗效监测，但存在非特异性摄取问题。 4.3.3 Nectin-4 靶向探针 Nectin-4 在乳腺癌中异常高表达。锆89标记对应抗体得到的探针，可清晰显示肝脏、骨骼转移灶，诊断准确度高 [88]。该探针临床转化仍需验证人体相关数据。 4.3.4 整合素靶向探针 αvβ3整合素参与肿瘤转移、血管生成 [132,133]。含 RGD 序列的多肽类探针应用广泛。68Ga-TRAP (RGD)₃可监测抗血管生成治疗效果 [89]。18F-Galacto-RGD等多款探针也在临床研究中表现良好 [90,91]。该类探针存在交叉反应与非特异性摄取问题。 4.4 G 蛋白偶联受体（GPCR）靶向探针 4.4.1 CMKLR1 靶向探针 CMKLR1 参与肿瘤相关生物学过程，多款靶向多肽探针可用于乳腺癌 PET/MR 显像，为肿瘤研究提供新工具 [66]。其人体相关数据仍需补充。 4.4.2 GRPR 靶向探针蛙皮素相关探针可靶向 GRPR。68Ga-SB3可识别乳腺癌病灶 [92]。同时靶向蛙皮素与整合素的双靶点探针，可区分不同病灶类型 [93]。 4.4.3 CXCR4 靶向探针 CXCR4 与乳腺癌转移、不良预后相关。68Ga-PentixaFor可实现肿瘤显像，具备临床可行性 [94]。 4.5 新型受体靶向探针 4.5.1 组织因子（TF）靶向探针 TF 在三阴性乳腺癌中高表达。多款放射性标记抗 TF 探针可特异性显像该类肿瘤 [95,96]，具备临床潜力。 4.5.2 热休克蛋白（HSPs）靶向探针 HSP90 在三阴性乳腺癌中高表达，与不良预后相关 [150,152]。64Cu-DOTA-BDA-GM可特异性识别乳腺癌及转移灶 [97]，临床转化仍需完善安全性数据。 4.5.3 MUC1 靶向探针 MUC1 在绝大多数乳腺癌中过表达。多款靶向探针可实现高对比度显像 [98,99]，目前人体安全性数据不足。 4.5.4 PSMA 靶向探针 PSMA 不仅在前列腺癌中表达，也在乳腺癌中检出。对应探针检出脑转移灶的效果优于18F-FDG[100,157]。镥177标记相关探针可用于三阴性乳腺癌靶向治疗 [102]。该类探针存在表达异质性、本底干扰等问题。 4.5.5 PD-L1 靶向探针 PD-L1 是免疫治疗重要靶点，传统检测手段存在局限。放射性标记抗体探针可无创定量全身 PD-L1 表达，弥补免疫组化的不足 [103]，但与疗效的关联性仍需大规模试验验证。表 2 乳腺癌成像中具有应用前景的细胞受体相关靶点及对应探针生物学靶点探针应用及潜在用途优势劣势雌激素受体（ER） 18F- FES、18F- 4FMFES、18F- FETE、131I-IPBA-EE 疾病诊断、疗效预测、治疗后评估对雌激素受体阳性肿瘤特异度高；可预测内分泌治疗效果；反映肿瘤异质性体内代谢快；肝脏本底高；不利于肝脏转移灶检出孕激素受体（PR） 18F- FFNP、18F- FPTP 疾病诊断、疗效预测间接反映雌激素受体通路活性；预判内分泌治疗敏感度非靶器官摄取高；肿瘤与本底比值低人表皮生长因子受体 2（HER2） 89Zr 标记曲妥珠单抗、68Ga- DOTA 片段修饰曲妥珠单抗 F (ab')₂、64Cu- DOTA 修饰曲妥珠单抗、99mTc-MIRC213、99mTc-MIRC208、68Ga- ABY-025、18F- NOTA -HER2-BCH、¹⁷⁷Lu- DOTAGA -Fab 片段、锕 - 225 标记 PRIT 疾病诊断、HER2 状态评估、肿瘤异质性分析、疗效预测、治疗后评估、放射治疗肿瘤检出率高；预判抗 HER2 治疗效果；检出隐匿转移灶存在辐射暴露风险；出现非特异性摄取表皮生长因子受体（EGFR） 89Zr 标记西妥昔单抗、89Zr 标记 DFO 修饰达雷妥尤单抗、64Cu- NOTA 修饰曲妥珠单抗疾病诊断、治疗方案优化精准显像侵袭性亚型；指导靶向治疗存在非特异性摄取；受受体异质性影响滋养层细胞表面抗原 2（TROP2） 89Zr 标记 DFO -NY003、99mTc-MY6349 疗效监测可实现无创定量，指导抗体药物偶联物应用；在三阴性乳腺癌中高表达长期安全性尚不明确 CD146 锰 - 52 标记 DOTA -YY146、89Zr 标记 Df -YY146、64Cu- NOTA -YY146 疾病诊断、患者分层、疗效监测指导患者分层；监测治疗效果肝脏、骨髓存在非特异性摄取；长期安全性未知 Nectin-4 89Zr 标记 AGS-22M6 疾病诊断、指导抗体类治疗靶向特异度高；指导抗体干预治疗长期安全性尚不明确整合素αvβ3 68Ga- TRAP（RGD）₃、18F-半乳糖-RGD、68Ga- NODAGA -THERANOST 定量整合素αvβ3 表达水平、监测抗血管生成治疗效果定量肿瘤血管生成情况；监测抗血管生成治疗疗效存在交叉反应；出现非特异性摄取趋化因子受体 1（CMKLR1） 68Ga- DOTA -AHX-CG34、68Ga- DOTA -KCap-CG34、68Ga- DOTA -ADX-CG34 疾病诊断特异度与亲和力高；为肿瘤生物学研究提供新工具长期安全性尚不明确胃泌素释放肽受体（GRPR） 68Ga- SB3、68Ga- RGD-BBN 疾病诊断、检出远处转移灶可识别远处转移灶长期安全性尚不明确趋化因子受体 4（CXCR4） 68Ga- PentixaFor 疾病诊断、显示肿瘤异质性清晰凸显肿瘤异质性长期安全性尚不明确组织因子（TF） 64Cu- NOTA -ALT-836-Fab 片段、18F- ASIS 疾病诊断对三阴性乳腺癌特异度高受体表达存在异质性；存在本底干扰；长期安全性未知热休克蛋白（HSPs） 64Cu- DOTA -BDA-GM 疾病诊断特异度高；可检出原发灶与转移灶长期安全性尚不明确黏蛋白 1（MUC1） 89Zr 标记 GGSK-1/30、18F- MUC1 - 叶酸复合物疾病诊断、疗效监测特异度高；在 90% 以上乳腺癌中表达长期安全性尚不明确前列腺特异性膜抗原（PSMA） 18F- PSMA-1007、68Ga- PSMA-11、¹⁷⁷Lu- PSMA-I&T 疾病诊断、治疗前评估、放射治疗成像对比度高；对脑转移灶检测灵敏度高受体表达存在异质性；正常组织存在本底干扰程序性死亡配体 1（PD-L1） 111In-mIgG1-IH18、111In-Fab-IH18、111In标记聚乙二醇-Fab-IH18 肿瘤异质性分析、疗效预测可无创定量指标；指导免疫治疗开展；弥补免疫组化检测缺陷指标与治疗疗效的关联性尚未证实整体来看，受体靶向探针可完成肿瘤分子分型、定位治疗靶点、监测疗效。滋养层细胞表面抗原 2、程序性死亡配体 1、前列腺特异性膜抗原等新型靶点探针不断涌现，但仍受多重问题制约。 5 基于肿瘤微环境的 PET 显像探针 5.1 FAP 靶向探针成纤维细胞活化蛋白（FAP）在肿瘤相关成纤维细胞中高表达，参与肿瘤多项恶性进程。成纤维细胞活化抑制剂（FAPI）是主流靶向探针，临床以68Ga-探针为主。研究显示，68Ga- FAPI-04 检出乳腺原发灶的灵敏度显著高于18F- FDG。68Ga- FAPI-02 可清晰显示各类病灶与转移灶。68Ga- FAPI 系列探针是浸润性小叶癌重要的补充检查手段。基于成纤维细胞活化抑制剂开发的99mTc-HFAPi 也具备良好成像效果。 ¹⁷⁷Lu- FAP-2286 属于 FAP 靶向诊疗一体化探针，该探针在晚期乳腺癌中应用安全，能够稳定控制病情，联合化疗可实现病灶完全缓解。此类探针易受炎症、纤维化影响，进而出现假阳性结果。图5. 基于TME探针在乳腺癌成像中的应用。(A-C) 一位50岁右侧双灶性浸润性乳头状癌（ILC）患者(A)、一位42岁右侧ILC患者(B)和一位68岁左侧ILC患者(C)的[18F]-FDG PET（左）与[68Ga]-FAPI PET（右）最大强度投影及轴向融合图像[171]。(D) 乳腺癌患者瘤内注射70 MBq [99mTc]-tilmanocept后30分钟、2小时和21小时的SPECT/CT图像。(E) 基于SPECT/CT数据的三维容积渲染图像[172]。(F) [18F]-DiFA PET/CT肿瘤内蓄积水平的代表性图像及定量分析。(G， H) 埃立替尼对MDA-MB-231(G)和NCI-H1975(H)肿瘤中[18F]-DiFA蓄积影响的时间过程分析[173]。 5.2 肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAMs）靶向探针肿瘤相关巨噬细胞以 M2 型为主，CD206 是其特征标志物。99mTc-tilmanocept 已获批用于恶性肿瘤前哨淋巴结显像，在乳腺癌中应用效果良好。纳米抗体类靶向探针在临床前研究中成像对比度优异。该类探针目前临床应用范围有限。 5.3 肿瘤血管生成靶向探针 5.3.1 VEGF 靶向探针血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）调控肿瘤血管生成。89Zr 标记贝伐珠单抗的探针，可有效显像乳腺肿瘤血管，用于评估抗血管生成治疗的疗效。 5.3.2 CD93 靶向探针 CD93 参与肿瘤血管生成过程。64Cu-的两款靶向探针，可特异性识别肿瘤血管，但该类探针的人体免疫原性、药代动力学特性仍需进一步验证。 5.4 肿瘤缺氧靶向探针约25%～40% 的浸润性乳腺癌存在缺氧区域，缺氧会诱导治疗耐药。多款探针可用于肿瘤缺氧显像：99mTc-HL91 可识别慢性缺氧区域；18F- MISO 等探针与缺氧指标高度相关；新一代18F- DiFA 探针可评估药物对肿瘤缺氧状态的改善作用；64Cu- ATSM 可精准勾画肿瘤缺氧区域。缺氧靶向探针能够为乳腺癌个体化治疗提供参考依据。 5.5 层粘连蛋白靶向探针膜型 1 基质金属蛋白酶（MT1-MMP）在三阴性乳腺癌中高表达，参与细胞外基质重塑。89Zr 标记 DF-LEM2/15 可有效检出三阴性乳腺癌转移灶，但核素毒性、免疫反应等问题限制了该探针的临床转化。表 3 乳腺癌成像中具有应用前景的肿瘤微环境相关靶点及对应探针生物学靶点探针应用及潜在用途优势劣势成纤维细胞活化蛋白（FAP） 68Ga- FAPI-02、68Ga- FAPI-04、99mTc-HFAPi、¹⁷⁷Lu- FAP-2286 检测基质活化状态、指导基质调控治疗、放射治疗原发灶与转移灶检出灵敏度高；可可视化基质活化状态炎症、纤维化易引发假阳性；对晚期转移灶检测效果有限；缺乏临床统一判读标准 CD206 99mTc-tilmanocept、99mTc-α-MMR 纳米抗体疾病诊断、肿瘤微环境评估特异性靶向 M2 型肿瘤相关巨噬细胞；临床前成像对比度佳临床应用范围有限血管内皮生长因子（VEGF） 89Zr 标记贝伐珠单抗肿瘤血管生成显像、抗血管生成疗效评估无创评估血管生成情况；监测抗血管生成治疗疗效存在非特异性摄取；临床应用有限 CD93 64Cu- NOTA -mCD93、64Cu- NOTA -IGFBP7 肿瘤血管生成显像血管表型检出灵敏度高；在肿瘤内滞留时间久；属于新型抗血管生成靶点存在人体免疫原性风险；药代动力学尚不明确肿瘤缺氧 99mTc-HL91、18F- MISO、18F- DiFA、64Cu- ATSM 肿瘤异质性评估、缺氧调控疗效评估识别预后不良患者；指导放疗、缺氧激活类药物使用；成像对比度佳探针药代动力学复杂；临床应用有限膜型 1 基质金属蛋白酶（MT1-MMP） 89Zr 标记 Df-LEM2/15 疾病诊断、治疗后疗效评估特异性靶向细胞外基质重塑过程；对三阴性乳腺癌转移灶诊断效能高存在核素毒性风险；可能引发免疫反应；临床应用有限肿瘤微环境靶向探针应用价值突出，但仍存在多项短板有待解决。 6 现存局限与挑战目前乳腺癌核医学显像已形成完整多维体系，但大规模临床应用仍面临诸多难题。多数探针存在非特异性摄取问题，全球范围内尚未建立统一的成像与判读标准；现有相关研究样本量偏小，缺少多中心前瞻性研究数据；肿瘤异质性也为临床探针的选择带来较大难题。放射性药物的生产需严格遵循相关规范，药物研发与标准化工作难度较大。长半衰期核素、抗体类探针制备成本高昂，难以大范围普及使用。长半衰期探针易造成正常器官受到辐射暴露，且动物实验数据无法完全对应人体情况，探针安全性需要反复验证。当前影像判读工作多依赖主观定性分析，缺少统一的定量评价指标。同时，影像生物标志物暂无公认参考标准，新型标志物的筛选与验证工作仍需持续推进。辐射暴露是临床重点关注的问题，人工智能技术可在降低辐射剂量的同时，提升图像质量与诊断精度。此外，审批流程、研发资金、长期随访等因素，也延缓了相关新技术的临床落地进程。 7 总结与展望核医学显像已成为乳腺癌诊疗领域的重要变革性技术。基于细胞内代谢、细胞表面受体、细胞外肿瘤微环境构建的三维分类体系，可借助各类探针实现全身动态显像，助力乳腺癌的早期诊断、预后判断与疗效监测。目前多款探针已进入临床常规应用或临床试验阶段，诊疗一体化成为主流发展方向，能够实现影像引导下的放射性配体治疗。该技术有望攻克治疗耐药、微小转移等临床难题，但肿瘤微环境相关屏障、临床转化难题仍需进一步突破。未来，三维靶向框架将持续指引探针研发工作，多模态显像、智能探针、纳米探针以及人工智能联合多组学技术将成为行业发展主流。乳腺癌诊疗模式将从形态导向全面转向功能导向，逐步破解各类临床瓶颈。 END 译文仅供参考，欢迎批评指正。声明：① 本公众号旨在促进核药相关人士更全面的了解国内外核素诊疗相关信息，不对任何药品和诊疗项目作推荐，如需了解具体疾病诊疗信息，请咨询当地医生。 ②免责声明：因文中相关信息产生的任何直接或间接损失，核药文献公众号不承担任何责任。 ③版权声明：文献版权归英文原版作者所有，翻译仅供学习交流，不做任何商业用途。如涉及侵权，请联系公众号管理员处理。

2026-06-04

·小核说核药

【CDE核药简讯】：诺核动力

01. 诺核动力诺核动力 2026年6月4日，国家药品监督管理局药品审评中心（CDE）临床试验默示许可公示，批准北京诺核动力医药科技有限公司（以下简称“诺核动力”）提交的氟[18F]代雌二醇注射液临床试验申请，受理号为CYHL2600069，注册分类为3类仿药。雌激素受体（ER）表达情况关系到乳腺癌治疗方案的制定。18F-FES已被法国和美国食品药品监督管理局批准用于复发转移性乳腺癌ER的辅助诊断，国内也已有多家单位开展18F-FES PET/CT显像。随着《医用同位素中长期发展规划（2021—2035）》的发布，中国将大力推动核医学服务基层。作为无创评估活体内ER表达的手段，随着个体化精准治疗模式的深入发展，18F-FES PET在乳腺癌中的临床应用必将越来越广泛。指南与共识｜乳腺癌18F-FES PET/CT显像技术操作规范及报告解读要素 ●【CDE核药简讯】：无锡诺宇 ●【JHO】：多发性骨髓瘤新核药FIH研究 ●【JNM】：皮肤癌门诊治疗——铼SCT® ●【JNM】：89Zr/镧系核素真诊疗配对策略声明：本文观点仅代表小核本人，欢迎批评指正；如需转载请注明来源；小核始终秉持客观中立原则，不发布主观评述或倾向性引导，建议读者结合原文及多方信息独立研判。小核 | xiaoheshuoheyao777（微信） Copyright © 小核说核药 All Rights Reserved.

2026-06-01

·Business Wire

GE HealthCare Focuses on Expanding Access to Nuclear Medicine Through AI, Radiopharmaceutical and Imaging Innovations

Nuclear medicine is reaching an inflection point as advances in imaging, theranostics and radiopharmaceuticals help accelerate clinical adoption At #SNMMI26, GE HealthCare is showcasing solutions designed to expand access, streamline workflows and support precision care across care pathways CHICAGO--(BUSINESS WIRE)--As theranostics adoption acceleratesi and radiopharmaceutical demand grows,ii healthcare systems are under increasing pressure to scale nuclear medicine operations while improving diagnostic confidence and workflow efficiency. At the 2026 Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI) Annual Meeting, GE HealthCare showcases its latest technologies and AI-enabled workflows to help support precision care across care pathways. “This is an exciting moment for nuclear medicine because we are moving beyond simply detecting disease to truly understanding its biology and behavior,” says Dr. Munir Ghesani, MD. Nuclear medicine is undergoing rapid expansion as healthcare systems increase adoption of theranostics, broaden radiopharmaceutical access and invest in precision diagnostics and targeted therapies. This momentum is also evident in global nuclear medicine market projections, which anticipate growth from approximately $7.8 billion in 2024 to more than $30.7 billion by 2034.iii “Nuclear medicine is moving from early innovation to large-scale clinical implementation,” shares Jean-Luc Procaccini, President and CEO, Molecular Imaging and Computed Tomography (MICT), GE HealthCare. “Healthcare systems need technologies and workflows that help expand access, improve efficiency and support more confident clinical decision-making as theranostics adoption and precision care evolve.” Turning convergence into clinical reality Growing demand for precision diagnostics and targeted therapies is helping accelerate the evolution of nuclear medicine. Advances in radiopharmaceuticals and imaging technologies help clinicians diagnose disease, improve treatment planning and expand access to personalized care. As adoption increases, healthcare systems are also facing new operational challenges – including how to scale infrastructure, streamline workflows and expand patient access beyond traditional hospital settings.iv Rising prevalence of chronic diseases is further driving demand for timely and advanced diagnoses and targeted treatment approaches. Fortunately, new care delivery models are already taking shape across care pathways. These models are increasingly enabled by advances in radiopharmaceuticals that expand access to PET imaging and support more scalable, routine clinical use across care settings. Early examples of this shift are emerging to reach patients beyond traditional hospital environments: Cardiology : GE HealthCare’s Flyrcado™ (flurpiridaz F 18 injection) is helping expand access to PET myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) through a ready-to-use, unit-dose model designed for routine clinical workflows. The company is also collaborating with channel partners to accelerate the adoption of cardiac PET MPI in community settings while mobile imaging models are extending access beyond traditional hospital environments, bringing precision PET imaging to sites that may not otherwise have access. Neurology : As demand for Alzheimer’s diagnostics grows, v GE HealthCare offers Vizamyl™ (flutemetamol F 18 injection) and quantitative tools such as MIMneuro™ to support more consistent amyloid PET interpretation and clinical decision-making. These technologies can help providers integrate amyloid imaging more efficiently into routine neurological care pathways. Oncology : Theranostics adoption is also accelerating, i causing healthcare systems to seek more standardized approaches to imaging, treatment planning and response assessment. GE HealthCare’s StarGuide SPECT/CT, Intelligent Radiation Therapy (iRT) and MIM portfolio are designed with these needs in mind – helping simplify whole-body tumor burden assessment, streamline workflows and support more consistent treatment planning across care settings. These capabilities also support GE HealthCare’s vision for Adaptive Theranostics™ – a connected, data-driven approach that integrates molecular imaging, quantitative analysis and multidisciplinary workflows to help tailor therapy decisions over time. These capabilities also support GE HealthCare’s vision for Adaptive Theranostics™ – a connected, data-driven approach that integrates molecular imaging, quantitative analysis and multidisciplinary workflows to help tailor therapy decisions over time. “This is an exciting moment for nuclear medicine because we are moving beyond simply detecting disease to truly understanding its biology and behavior,” says Dr. Munir Ghesani, MD, FACNM, FACR, FSNMMI, Chief Medical Officer at United Theranostics and System Chief of Nuclear Medicine at the Mount Sinai Health System in New York. “Technologies that combine advanced imaging, quantitative analysis and innovative radiopharmaceuticals are helping clinicians make more informed decisions earlier in the care pathway – ultimately improving how we diagnose, treat and monitor patients.” GE HealthCare’s nuclear medicine portfolio spans imaging systems, AI-enabled software and pharmaceutical diagnostics designed to help clinicians support the full patient journey — from detection and diagnosis through therapy planning and monitoring. Translating rapid innovation into real-world clinical impact At SNMMI 2026, GE HealthCare is highlighting key technologies and software designed to help healthcare systems scale precision imaging, theranostics and quantitative analysis across clinical and research settings: Advanced imaging technologies – MIM KineticID ™: vi Advanced 510(k)-pending software designed for dynamic PET imaging and kinetic modeling, enabling quantitative, time-based analysis of radiotracer behavior to support more informed clinical and research decisions. MIM LesionID™ Pro : Recently 510(k) cleared by the U.S. FDA , this AI-powered software automates whole-body tumor burden analysis, reducing the need for manual lesion segmentation, physiologic uptake removal, or multi-image registration while enabling fast access to quantitative insights. Omni Legend : GE HealthCare’s fastest-selling PET/CT platform, now with more than 500 installations worldwide. vii Its high-sensitivity design supports faster scans, viii improved image quality and enhanced lesion detectability. ix Omni Legend also includes Precision DL deep learning image processing. StarGuide : A digital SPECT/CT platform featuring 12 CZT detectors and optimized for certain theranostic procedures, enabling high-quality 3D imaging, short scan times and quantitation. MINItrace Magni : x A compact cyclotron solution designed to simplify onsite production of PET tracers and radiometals, including Gallium-68, helping expand radiopharmaceutical access and support more localized production and personalized care delivery. Radiopharmaceuticals and imaging agents – Flyrcado : A PET imaging agent that helps doctors evaluate myocardial ischemia and infarction in people with known or suspected coronary artery disease, including during exercise stress tests. DaTscan ™ (ioflupane I‑123 injection): A proven neurological diagnostic radiopharmaceutical – celebrating 25 years in the global market – to visualize striatal dopamine transporters assisting in the evaluation of patients with suspected Parkinsonian syndromes (PSs) and suspected dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Cerianna ™ (fluoroestradiol F 18 injection): A PET radiopharmaceutical used to detect estrogen receptor (ER)-positive lesions as an adjunct to biopsy in patients with recurrent or metastatic breast cancer. Vizamyl : A PET imaging agent used to estimate amyloid beta neuritic plaque density in adults with cognitive impairment to support evaluation of Alzheimer’s disease and other causes of cognitive decline, and to help inform selection of patients for amyloid beta-directed therapy as described in the prescribing information of the therapeutic products. Together, these imaging technologies and agents are designed to support more scalable, data-driven and personalized nuclear medicine workflows across care pathways. Preparing the ecosystem for the next decade of growth As nuclear medicine adoption continues to grow, healthcare systems are increasingly focused on the operational requirements needed to support broader clinical use – including infrastructure, workflow standardization, radiopharmaceutical access and scalable decision support. xi Quantification and advanced imaging analytics are expected to play an increasingly important role in this evolution, particularly in neurodegenerative disease and theranostics, where more standardized interpretation and longitudinal assessment may help advance consistency across sites and clinicians. One way GE HealthCare is aiming to advance this evolution is through Adaptive Theranostics – a model that combines molecular imaging, quantitative analytics and connected clinical workflows to help clinicians personalize radioligand therapy decisions across treatment cycles. By supporting more consistent quantification, longitudinal assessment and multidisciplinary collaboration, Adaptive Theranostics is designed to help healthcare systems scale precision care as theranostics adoption grows. “As molecular imaging continues to scale, success will depend on more than individual products – it requires building the ecosystem around them,” says Eric Ruedinger, Vice President and General Manager, Pharmaceutical Diagnostics (PDx), USCAN, GE HealthCare. “We’re focused on enabling that ecosystem end-to-end – from tracer development and manufacturing to expanding access, integrating workflows and advancing the tools that support confident, consistent decision-making – so precision care can move from promise to sustained, everyday practice.” SNMMI 2026 represents a pivotal moment for the field – where decades of innovation are converging with new care models and expanding access to redefine how nuclear medicine is delivered. As these capabilities continue to scale, nuclear medicine is increasingly positioned as a cornerstone of precision medicine – enabling clinicians to visualize the biology of disease, tailor therapies to individual patients and monitor treatment response. To learn more about GE HealthCare’s full suite of nuclear medicine solutions, please visit gehealthcare.com. About GE HealthCare Technologies Inc. GE HealthCare is a leading global healthcare solutions provider of advanced medical technology, pharmaceutical diagnostics, and AI, cloud and software solutions that help clinicians tackle the world’s most complex diseases. Serving patients and providers for 130 years, GE HealthCare is delivering bold innovations designed for the next era of medicine across its Advanced Imaging Solutions, Patient Care Solutions, and Pharmaceutical Diagnostics segments to help clinicians deliver more personalized, precise patient care. We are a $20.6 billion business with approximately 54,000 colleagues working to create a world where healthcare has no limits. GE HealthCare is proud to be among 2026 Fortune World’s Most Admired Companies™. Follow us on LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, or visit our website for our latest news and perspectives. Important Safety Information Cerianna™ (fluoroestradiol F 18 injection) Indication and Usage: Cerianna is a radioactive diagnostic agent indicated for use with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for the detection of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive lesions as an adjunct to biopsy in patients with recurrent or metastatic breast cancer. Limitations of Use: Tissue biopsy should be used to confirm recurrence of breast cancer and to verify ER status by pathology. Cerianna is not useful for imaging other receptors such as HER2 or progesterone receptor (PR). Contraindications: None. Adverse Reactions: In Clinical Trials (n=1207) the most common adverse reactions seen occurred at a rate < 1% were injection-site pain and dysgeusia. To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact GE HealthCare at 800-654-0118 or the FDA at 800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. For full prescribing information, please visit: https://www.gehealthcare.com/-/jssmedia/GEHC/US/Files/Products/Nuclear-Imaging-Agents/Cerianna/cerianna-pi DaTscan™ (ioflupane I‑123 injection) Indication and Usage: DaTscan is indicated as an adjunct to other diagnostic evaluations for striatal dopamine transporter visualization using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) brain imaging in adult patients with suspected Parkinsonian syndromes (PS) or suspected dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Contraindications: Known hypersensitivity to ioflupane I‑123 or its components. Adverse Reactions: In clinical trials, headache, nausea, vertigo, dry mouth, or dizziness were reported at a rate of 1% or less. In postmarketing experience, hypersensitivity reactions and injection-site pain have been reported. To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact GE Healthcare at 800 654 0118 (option 2, then option 1) or the FDA at 800 FDA 1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. Prior to DaTscan administration, please read the full Prescribing Information for additional Important Safety Information. Flyrcado™ (flurpiridaz F 18 injection) Indication and Usage: Flyrcado is a radioactive diagnostic drug indicated for PET myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) under rest or stress in adult patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) to evaluate myocardial ischemia and infarction. [accessdata.fda.gov] Contraindications: None. Adverse Reactions: The most common adverse reactions occurring during FLYRCADO PET MPI under rest and stress (pharmacologic or exercise) (incidence ≥ 2%) are dyspnea, headache, angina pectoris, chest pain, fatigue, ST segment changes, flushing, nausea, abdominal pain, dizziness, and arrhythmia. To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact GE HealthCare at 800-654-0118 or the FDA at 800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. For full prescribing information, click here. For important safety information, please click here. Vizamyl™ (flutemetamol F 18 injection) Indication and Usage: VIZAMYL™ (flutemetamol F 18 injection) is indicated for positron-emission tomography (PET) of the brain to estimate amyloid beta neuritic plaque density in adults with cognitive impairment for: evaluation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other causes of cognitive decline; and selection of patients who are indicated for amyloid beta-directed therapy as described in the prescribing information of the therapeutic products Contraindications: Known hypersensitivity to Vizamyl or any excipient, including polysorbate 80. Adverse Reactions: The most commonly reported adverse reactions in clinical trials were flushing (2%), increased blood pressure (2%), headache (1%), nausea and dizziness (1%). Post marketing experience included anaphylactic reactions. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a casual relationship to drug exposure. To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact GE HealthCare at 800-654-0118 or the FDA at 800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. For full prescribing information, please visit: https://www.gehealthcare.com/content/dam/gehc/global/products/molecular-imaging-agents/vizamyl/documents/er-clinical-product-pi-en.pdf May 2026 JB14025US i Ezhilarasan, E., Sabarees, G. & Premkumar, P.P. Radioligand theranostics in oncology: emerging trends in target design and radiochemical innovation. J Radioanal Nucl Chem (2026). https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10967-026-10891-3. ii Research and Markets. Radiopharmaceuticals Market Report 2026. Dublin: Research and Markets, 2026. https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5939063/radiopharmaceuticals-market-report. iii Global Market Insights. U.S. Nuclear Medicine Market Size & Share, 2025–2034. Published October 2025. Accessed May 4, 2026. https://www.gminsights.com/industry-analysis/us-nuclear-medicine-market. iv Global Market Insights. Nuclear Medicine Market Opportunity, Growth Drivers, Industry Trend Analysis, and Forecast 2025–2034. Published October 8, 2025. Accessed April 16, 2026. https://www.giiresearch.com/report/gmi1858986-nuclear-medicine-market-opportunity-growth-drivers.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com v Grand View Research. U.S. Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnostics Market Report, 2030. San Francisco: Grand View Research, 2025. https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/us-alzheimers-disease-diagnostics-market-report. vi MIM KineticID is 510(k)-pending with the U.S. FDA. Not CE Marked. Not available for sale in the United States, Europe, Canada, or any other region. vii GE HealthCare data on file. viii Up to 53% reduction of PET scan time on Omni Legend 32 cm compared to Discovery MI 25 cm, as demonstrated in phantom testing. ix Omni Legend 32 cm increases small lesion detectability 16% on average and up to 20%, as compared to Discovery MI 25 cm with matched scan time/injected dose, as demonstrated in phantom testing using a model observer with 4 mm lesions; average of different reconstruction methods. x MINItrace Magni is technology in development. Not CE marked. xi Global Market Insights. Nuclear Medicine Market Opportunity, Growth Drivers, Industry Trend Analysis, and Forecast 2025–2034. Published October 8, 2025. Accessed April 16, 2026. https://www.giiresearch.com/report/gmi1858986-nuclear-medicine-market-opportunity-growth-drivers.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com

100 项与 18F-雌二醇相关的药物交易

登录后查看更多信息

外链

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
-	-	V09IX11	DB15690

研发状态

批准上市

10 条最早获批的记录,

后查看更多信息

适应症	国家/地区	公司	日期
转移性乳腺癌	美国	GE Healthcare, Inc.	2020-05-20

未上市

10 条进展最快的记录,

后查看更多信息

适应症	最高研发状态	国家/地区	公司	日期
乳腺癌	临床1期	比利时	Radius Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2016-04-01
乳腺癌	临床1期	荷兰	Radius Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2016-04-01

登录后查看更多信息

临床结果

适应症

分期

评价

查看全部结果

研究	分期	人群特征	评价人数	分组	结果	评价	发布日期


NCT04252859 (CTgov)	临床2期	乳腺浸润性小叶癌	44	[18F]Fluoroestradiol (FES) PET/CT (Pilot Phase)	醖憲壓觸廠蓋獵鹽糧鹹 = 膚鹹窪淵鹹築餘壓淵鹽蓋製鬱糧窪積遞膚壓築 (餘蓋壓衊範廠夢範齋願, 鏇鏇鹹鑰衊壓夢顧醖鬱 ~ 艱廠廠夢選網遞範鹽繭) 更多	-	2025-05-18
NCT04252859 (CTgov)	临床2期	乳腺浸润性小叶癌	44	[18F]Fluoroestradiol (FES) PET/CT (Expansion Phase)	網蓋構顧夢獵觸壓窪襯 = 廠製蓋衊構壓鬱襯鑰糧夢觸構憲淵積壓範壓齋 (築範鏇鏇遞蓋構簾廠鑰, 憲衊襯鏇醖衊觸觸積廠 ~ 鏇築鬱觸淵積鬱艱範簾) 更多	-	2025-05-18
NCT03703492 (CTgov)	临床2期	乳腺癌 \| 非浸润性导管内癌	12	Gadobenate dimeglumine+(18F)FES	觸糧構製衊願衊醖範製(壓齋築鑰壓廠襯鏇觸範) = 醖夢鏇構鹹鏇鬱獵積觸淵淵艱積鏇壓觸襯網獵 (衊獵糧衊淵選鬱鬱餘製, 0.83) 更多	-	2025-02-12
NCT04692103 (CTgov)	临床2期	复发性乳腺癌 \| 转移性乳腺癌	2	Computed Tomography+Fludeoxyglucose F-18+F-18 16 Alpha-Fluoroestradiol	糧餘憲夢願觸繭齋憲築(網淵範築夢壓製夢夢製) = 壓夢鹹醖顧蓋顧積網衊構簾膚蓋遞觸淵餘範獵 (範鏇鑰醖簾製簾醖壓築, 鏇鑰憲獵艱願鹹獵鏇網 ~ 網觸蓋鹹鏇鹽鏇蓋醖夢) 更多	-	2023-02-21
NCT04382911 (CTgov)	临床2期	子宫内膜异位症	8	18F-fluoroestradiol	艱壓遞簾壓蓋構簾衊餘 = 繭構齋糧餘糧鑰艱蓋觸齋簾鏇構艱鹹窪獵糧餘 (鹹積獵齋遞繭願淵鹽簾, 窪醖衊構顧餘醖糧製淵 ~ 積鑰構觸襯憲廠範醖膚) 更多	-	2023-02-09
NCT01720602 (Pubmed \| J Nucl Med) 人工标引	临床2期	HER2阳性转移性乳腺癌 ER positive \| HER2 negative	8	Vorinostat+18F-fluoroestradiol	窪範願憲廠網簾壓糧網(齋構鬱鑰積鏇觸鹹積簾) = 鏇繭齋簾憲艱餘鹹範鑰獵鏇蓋襯襯窪觸壓廠製 (壓構構糧顧築獵鬱積廠 )	不佳	2021-02-01
SNMMI2018	N/A	可见病灶 \| 乳腺癌	-	18F-FES8 F]fluoro-17β-estradiol (18F-FES PET/CT positive)	繭鹽蓋廠遞艱膚獵糧觸(淵顧衊觸鬱憲簾膚蓋衊) = 餘遞壓網鏇獵窪窪艱膚壓範醖構鏇壓齋築製醖 (醖顧鬱膚網鏇簾醖鑰選, 90.8 ~ 100) 更多	-	2018-05-23
SNMMI2018	N/A	可见病灶 \| 乳腺癌	-	18F-FES8 F]fluoro-17β-estradiol (18F-FES PET/CT negative)	製壓範鏇窪窪衊壓廠獵(憲膚鏇鬱糧鬱衊壓壓齋) = 鹹願淵繭鹽憲構衊構獵築蓋鹽鬱範製廠餘構獵 (糧蓋壓獵製廠餘鹹觸夢, 90.8 ~ 100)	-	2018-05-23
NCT01153672 (CTgov)	N/A	复发性乳腺癌 \| 男性乳腺肿瘤 \| 转移性乳腺癌	8	positron emission tomography+vorinostat+letrozole+Exemestane+F-18 16 alpha-fluoroestradiol+anastrozole	鏇積網鬱鹹鏇齋獵窪繭 = 淵壓觸鏇鬱顧觸鏇願網艱選鏇艱餘鹹鏇醖範鹽 (選積夢壓艱艱糧鏇膚構, 膚遞觸廠願壓製憲夢遞 ~ 遞積窪獵築築鏇製獵壓) 更多	-	2014-11-07
NCT01720602 (CTgov)	N/A	复发性乳腺癌 \| 男性乳腺肿瘤 \| 转移性乳腺癌	15	positron emission tomography+vorinostat+Letrozole+fludeoxyglucose F 18+Exemestane+F-18 16 alpha-fluoroestradiol+anastrozole	網鹹網襯遞積製鬱願願 = 遞齋範繭淵憲觸鏇獵壓餘衊構夢餘鑰觸獵廠繭 (製構衊選齋夢夢鹹構簾, 範積鹽顧夢獵糧艱獵鑰 ~ 夢鏇顧醖網壓遞網鹽蓋) 更多	-	2014-11-06