Objective: To explore the composition difference between wild Xi Pinellia ternata and cultivated Xi Pinellia ternata. And the total ash, extract, total organic acids, total alkaloids, and other components of wild Xi Pinellia ternata and cultivated Xi Pinellia ternata in three regions were compared and evaluated. Methods: Use water as the solvent, cold leaching method was used to determine the extract, ash content method was used to determine the total ash content, the potentiometric method was used to determine the organic acid content, and the UV-VIS method was used to determine the alkaloid content. Combined with SPSS T-test and PCA-X anal., a comprehensive anal. of Pinellia ternata was carried out. Results: The total extract and total ash content of wild XI Pinellia ternata are lower than that of cultivated Xi Pinellia ternata, but the content of alkaloid and organic acid is higher than that of cultivated Pinellia ternata. PCA-X anal. showed that there was no significant difference in the total ash and extract composition characteristics of cultivated and wild Xi Pinellia ternata in different regions, but the alkaloid and organic acid characteristics of cultivated and wild Xi Pinellia ternata were significantly different. Also, by comparing the main component characteristics of wild and cultivated Xi Pinellia ternata, it is found that Guandian and Luwan cultivated Xi Pinellia ternata are reasonable as substitutes for wild Xi Pinellia ternata. Conclusion: Compared with cultivated products, the content of total alkaloids and organic acids in wild Xi Pinellia ternata is generally higher, however, cultivated Xi Pinellia ternata can replace wild Pinellia ternata for clin. application.