仅供医学专业人士阅读
研究热点
近年来玫瑰痤疮的药物治疗进展主要包括新抗微生物药物、新剂型外用药物、新神经-血管调节药物以及新靶点的抗炎药物。抗微生物药物是玫瑰痤疮治疗中常用的系统及口服药物,包括四环素类抗生素、甲硝唑等,目前已有新抗微生物药物进入临床,提高了总体临床疗效和/或减少了潜在不良反应,同时新剂型的外用药也减轻了原剂型药物的局部刺激反应,提高了患者使用的依从性。
新抗微生物的系统口服药物包括利福昔明[26]、沙瑞环素[27]、40mg米诺环素缓释剂(DFD-29)[28],新剂型外用抗微生物药物包括1.5%米诺环素泡沫剂(FMX-103)[29]、1%和3%米诺环素凝胶[30]以及5%二氧化硅微囊化过氧化苯甲酰乳膏[31]等。玫瑰痤疮治疗中常用于调节血管反应药物主要为β肾上腺素能受体抑制剂如卡维地洛、普萘洛尔等,近年来研究报道的新神经-血管调节药物包括GABA衍生物加巴喷丁[32, 33] 、5-HT再摄取抑制剂帕罗西汀[34]、5-HT受体激动剂舒马曲坦(Sumatriptan)[26]、CGRP单抗依瑞奈尤单抗(Erenumab)[35]、羟钴胺素[36]、0.5%噻吗洛尔温敏凝胶[37]、口服或局部注射或导入氨甲环酸[38]等,可经不同作用机制调节玫瑰痤疮中神经-血管功能从而缓解玫瑰痤疮临床症状。
在玫瑰痤疮发病机制中,先天免疫、获得性免疫均存在异常,近些年来报道被用于玫瑰痤疮新抗炎靶点的药物包括沙利度胺[39, 40]、IL-17A单抗[41, 42]、阿普米司特[43]、曲尼司特[44]、JAK抑制剂中的托法替尼[45]、阿布昔替尼[46]和乌帕替尼[47]等。有些药物目前已经获批玫瑰痤疮适应症,有些仍是一些病例报道,仍需进一步大样本的临床随机对照研究去验证其疗效。
新型1.5%米诺环素泡沫
新型米诺环素泡沫制剂由于其局部给药的方式,在有效治疗玫瑰痤疮的同时可将全身不良反应降至最低。2020年,一项1.5%米诺环素泡沫治疗中重度丘疹脓疱型玫瑰痤疮的临床试验表明,接受1.5%米诺环素泡沫局部治疗的玫瑰痤疮患者的炎症皮损数量明显减少,总体严重程度明显缓解,且未发生与治疗相关的严重不良事件。
来源:AAD2024焦点解读:玫瑰痤疮最新治疗进展,
作者:四川大学华西医院 张璐博士
蒋献 教授
四川大学华西医院
过氧化苯甲酰
近年来,玫瑰痤疮治疗领域持续进展。2024年公布了一种针对玫瑰痤疮的新治疗方法。该方法并非采用全新药物,而是对老药Benzoyl Peroxide(过氧化苯甲酰)进行了创新应用。原本,这种药物主要用于治疗痤疮,但在玫瑰痤疮治疗上的效果不佳。新进展中,药物被包裹在硅胶壳内,形成外涂制剂,有效解决了患者不耐受的问题。这种包裹方式使药物能缓慢释放,提高患者耐受性,延长药物半衰期,从而显著提升治疗效果。这是在玫瑰痤疮治疗上,老药新用的一个重要突破。
一项纳入733名受试者的临床试验研究了5%过氧化苯甲酰乳膏对丘疹脓疱型玫瑰痤疮的治疗作用。结果显示,12周治疗后,在IGA评分这一主要结局中,过氧化苯甲酰组较安慰剂组具有明显优势,但在缓解烧灼感和刺痛感方面没有显著区别。在之后的长期观察中,过氧化苯甲酰提供了长期稳定的效果,患者的中位复发时间超过一年。试验中未观察到明显的不良反应,均表明过氧化苯甲酰在治疗玫瑰痤疮方面是具有潜力的。
来源:AAD2024美皮会丨玫瑰痤疮的治疗难点和研究重点
姜秋杰 教授
美国Moorestown
皮肤诊疗中心
帕罗西汀
与传统治疗方法如四环素类抗生素、维A酸类药物、外用抗菌药物及光电治疗等进行对比,帕罗西汀在治疗难治性玫瑰痤疮红斑方面具有一定优势。对于合并有顽固性潮红、潮热、灼热或红斑难消退的患者,传统治疗方法效果有限,而抗焦虑药物如帕罗西汀显示出潜在的治疗价值。尽管缺乏高级别的循证医学证据,但已通过随机对照试验(RCT)评估了帕罗西汀治疗难治性玫瑰痤疮红斑的有效性和安全性。该研究纳入97名难治性玫瑰痤疮患者的临床试验(帕罗西汀:49人;安慰剂:48人),在第12周,帕罗西汀组达到临床红斑评估改善的人数显著高于安慰剂组(42.9% vs 20.8%,P = 0.02)。
其与老一代抗焦虑药相比,副作用较小,主要表现为胃肠道反应,且可通过餐中或餐后服用以及逐渐适应来缓解。虽然少数病人在停药过程中可能出现戒断反应,如恶心呕吐,但通过逐渐减量可以应对。整体而言,帕罗西汀在临床上的安全性较高。
来源:2024CSD大会丨玫瑰痤疮新药物治疗进展;
讲者:中南大学湘雅医院 汪犇博士
李吉 教授
中南大学湘雅医院
玫瑰痤疮常用非药物治疗方法包括强脉冲光(intense pluse light,IPL)、脉冲染料激光(pulesed dye laser,PDL)、长脉宽Nd:YAG激光等。近年来基础相关进展主要集中在光/热的生物学调节作用,有研究阐述了低能量IPL经光调作用影响肥大细胞从而缓解玫瑰痤疮炎症反应的机制[48],也有研究证实射频(radio frequency,RF)经降低神经末梢TRPV1表达减少神经肽的释放从而缓解玫瑰痤疮临床症状[49],并且有临床研究证实了点阵微针射频对神经源性玫瑰痤疮的临床疗效[50]。另外新波长和靶标的激光如577nm激光也逐步展现其对玫瑰痤疮的临床疗效[51]。因不同于药物,光电治疗较难实施随机双盲临床研究,故缺乏高等级的循证医学证据,不同能量设备对于不同临床特征玫瑰痤疮的疗效仍需更多研究验证。
专家观点
近年来随着基础、临床研究的深入,对玫瑰痤疮的疾病认知也逐步深入,但其发病机制、临床分型、病情评估以及治疗方法仍有较多难点亟待阐明和解决,这些难点亦为当下以及未来的研究热点。
对于玫瑰痤疮,发病机制研究方面随着神经、免疫研究的进一步深入,未来可能对不同特征临床表型为主的玫瑰痤疮会有不同潜在机制的解释;对流行病学、临床表型进一步细化的研究会推动玫瑰痤疮临床客观评价及精确诊疗;而针对不同发病机制所对应的不同临床表型可进一步选择针对不同靶点的治疗方法,包括药物、非药物等多方面;单一靶点疗法的局限性也会推动多靶点、多维度的联合治疗;物理治疗玫瑰痤疮也会有更多新机制的解释以及新能量原理设备的使用,将有助于快速、有效的缓解临床症状和/或治疗药物抵抗的难治性病例。
综上所言,玫瑰痤疮近十年来的基础、临床研究已经取得了极大进展,且中国研究团队在其中发挥了不可估量的推动作用,相信那些尚未解决的难题在未来逐步会有更加清晰、明朗的答案。
专家简介
许阳 主任医师
南京医科大学第一附属医院
副教授、硕士研究生导师
中国医师协会皮肤科医师分会青年委员、玫瑰痤疮专业委员会委员
中华医学会医学美学与美容学分会美容皮肤学组委员
江苏省整形美容协会皮肤美容学组副主任委员
李吉 主任医师
中南大学湘雅医院
教授,博士生导师,美国南加州大学博士后
中南大学湘雅医院副院长
衰老生物学湖南省重点实验室主任
国家杰出青年基金获得者,教育部青年长江学者
现兼任中国医师协会皮肤科医师分会玫瑰痤疮学组组长、中华医学会皮肤性病学分会毛发学组副组长等。
近年来一直从事损容性皮肤病(玫瑰痤疮、脱发性疾病及皮肤衰老)的临床与科研工作。主持科技部重点研发课题1项、国家自然科学基金6项及多项省厅级科研课题。以第一作者/通讯作者在BMJ, Sci Adv, Dev Cell, EMBO J, JAAD, JAMA Dermtol, JID等杂志上发表SCI论文100余篇,获2021年湖南省科技进步一等奖(排名第二)、华夏医学科技奖一等奖(排名第二)及“五洲女子科技奖”。
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