Ibrexafungerp Citrate

Completed transformative acquisition of PXL-770, (now SCY-770), an innovative, highly selective, direct AMPK activator for the treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) A Phase 2 proof-of-concept study of SCY-770 in ADPKD patients is anticipated to begin in Q4 2026 with an early efficacy readout anticipated in the second half of 2027 Completed a private placement with net proceeds of approximately $37.2 million, after deducting placement agent fees and other transaction related expenses, with certain new and existing institutional and accredited investors. Approximately $24 million of the proceeds were received on March 31st with the balance received on April 1st SCYNEXIS announced dosing of the first patient using the intravenous (IV) formulation of SCY-247 in a Phase 1 study and plans to report topline data in the third quarter of 2026; SCYNEXIS is accepting requests for granting access to oral SCY-247 via expanded access program GSK is committed to the relaunch of Brexafemme which has the potential to provide up to approximately $146 million in annual net sales milestones. SCYNEXIS ended Q1 2026 with cash, cash equivalents and investments of $72.4 million, this coupled with the approximately $16.0 million in proceeds received on April 1 st extends SCYNEXIS’ cash runway to mid-2029 JERSEY CITY, N.J., May 11, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- SCYNEXIS, Inc. (NASDAQ: SCYX ), a clinical-stage biotechnology company dedicated to advancing innovative solutions for severe rare diseases, today reported financial results for the first quarter ended March 31, 2026. “Following our recent acquisition of SCY-770, we plan to initiate a Phase 2 proof-of-concept study in ADPKD patients in Q4 2026 to demonstrate the potential of this highly differentiated molecule, which targets multiple key drivers of disease progression,” said David Angulo, M.D., President and Chief Executive Officer. “We would like to thank our existing and new investors who participated in our recent private placement financing. Combined with our existing cash position, this additional capital significantly extends our cash runway to the middle of 2029 approximately one year beyond the anticipated completion of the Phase 2 study for SCY-770.” “As we move ahead with the SCY-770 clinical program, we also continue to make progress with our second generation fungerp, SCY-247. After completion of the Phase 1 studies with the oral formulation of SCY-247, we are now accepting requests for access to this innovative antifungal for patients with limited or no other treatment options via our expanded access program. We also anticipate announcing topline Phase 1 data of the IV formulation of SCY-247 in the third quarter of 2026.” Corporate Update: On March 31, 2026, SCYNEXIS announced that it entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain new and existing institutional and accredited investors for net proceeds of approximately $37.2 million, after deducting placement agent fees and transaction-related expenses, and up to an additional $52.2 million in gross proceeds if associated common warrants are fully exercised. The private placement closed on April 1, 2026. SCY-770 Development Program Update On March 31, 2026, SCYNEXIS announced that it entered into a definitive agreement with Poxel S.A. to acquire PXL-770 (now SCY-770). SCY-770 is a novel, highly selective, direct AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator for the treatment of ADPKD, the leading genetic cause of end-stage renal failure. SCY-770 is designed to address many of the underlying drivers of ADPKD by reducing cyst growth and disease progression. SCY-770 is an oral therapy that has been evaluated in eight clinical trials, with a favorable safety profile. SCYNEXIS expects to begin a Phase 2 proof-of-concept study in ADPKD patients in Q4 2026, with an anticipated early efficacy readout in the second half of 2027. SCY-770 has been granted Orphan Drug Designation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). SCY-247 Development Program Update Presented 9 papers at the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Conference (ESCMID) in Munich in April, highlighting the positive pre-clinical and Phase 1 clinical data for SCY-247. In response to patients’ needs and physicians’ requests, and now with a completed Phase 1 study confirming adequate tolerability and achievement of preliminary target exposures with oral SCY-247, SCYNEXIS is accepting requests under the expanded access program to facilitate access to this innovative antifungal for patients with limited or no other treatment options. On February 26 th , SCYNEXIS announced the initiation of dosing in a Phase 1 study with the IV formulation of SCY-247, with topline data expected in the third quarter of 2026. SCYNEXIS continues to explore non-dilutive funding opportunities to support the further development of SCY-247. SCYNEXIS presented data highlighting SCY-247 at the inaugural Interdisciplinary Meeting on Antimicrobial Resistance and Innovation (IMARI), which took place from January 28-30, 2026, in Las Vegas, Nevada. An oral presentation was included in the Plenary session “New Antimicrobial Agents in The Pipeline: Early Clinical Development”. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted the Company Qualified Infectious Disease Product (QIDP) Fast Track and Orphan Drug Designations for SCY-247. Ibrexafungerp / GSK Update GSK is committed to the relaunch of BREXAFEMME, and following its relaunch, SCYNEXIS has the potential to receive up to approximately $146 million in annual net sales milestones. First Quarter 2026 Financial Results Research and development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2026, were $12.4 million compared to $5.1 million for the same period in 2025. The increase of $7.2 million, or 140%, was primarily driven by the $8.0 million IPR&D expense recognized for the acquisition of SCY-770 in the three months ended March 31, 2026 and an increase of $0.3 million in clinical expense, offset in part by a decrease of $0.7 million in preclinical expense and a decrease of $0.4 million in salary expense. SG&A expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2026, increased to $4.6 million compared to $3.7 million for the same period in 2025. The increase of $0.9 million, or 23%, was primarily due to the $0.8 million write off of offering costs for the March 2026 private placement warrant issuance in the three months ended March 31, 2026. Total other expenses was $4.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, versus total other income of $3.2 million for the same period in 2025. The variance is mainly due to the fair value adjustment related to the warrant liabilities. For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, SCYNEXIS recognized a loss of $5.2 million and a gain of $2.9 million, respectively, in the fair value adjustment related to the warrant liabilities primarily due to the increase and decrease in our stock price during the respective periods. Cash Balance Cash, cash equivalents and investments totaled $72.4 million on March 31, 2026, compared to $56.3 million on December 31, 2025. The balance at March 31 st includes approximately $24 million of the gross proceeds of $40 million from the private placement that closed on April 1 st with certain new and existing institutional and accredited investors. The March 31 st balance plus the approximately $16 million in gross proceeds received on April 1st extends the Company’s cash runway to mid-2029. About SCYNEXIS SCYNEXIS, Inc. (NASDAQ: SCYX) is a clinical stage biotechnology company dedicated to advancing innovative solutions for severe rare diseases. SCY-770 is being developed for the treatment of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) and has been granted Orphan Drug designation. SCYNEXIS’s proprietary antifungal platform “fungerps” includes BREXAFEMME® (ibrexafungerp tablets), the first approved representative of this novel class, which has been licensed to GSK, and SCY-247, currently in clinical stages of development. For more information, visit . Forward-Looking Statements Statements contained in this press release regarding expected future events or results are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including but not limited to statements regarding: the anticipated initiation of the SCY-770 Phase 2 study in Q4 of 2026 and the anticipated early efficacy readout in the second half of 2027, the plans to report topline data from the Phase 1 IV trial of SCY-247 in the second half of 2026 and the statements concerning expected extension of the company’s cash runway to the middle of 2029, and other statements identified by words such as “will,” “potential,” “could,” "can,” “believe,” “intends,” “continue,” “plans,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “may,” other words of similar meaning or the use of future dates. Because such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, risks inherent in regulatory and other costs in developing products. For the Company, this includes the future prospects of the Company’s SCY-770 program, the timing and results of the Company’s anticipated Phase 2 proof-of-concept clinical study evaluating SCY-770, stock price volatility and uncertainties relating to the financial markets, the medical community and the global economy, and the impact of instability in general business and economic conditions, including changes in inflation and interest rates. These and other risks are described more fully in the Company’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including without limitation, its most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 4, 2026, including under the caption "Risk Factors,” and in other filings the Company makes with the SEC from time to time. All forward-looking statements contained in this press release speak only as of the date on which they were made. The Company undertakes no obligation to update such statements to reflect events that occur or circumstances that exist after the date on which they were made. CONTACT : Investor Relations John Fraunces LifeSci Advisors Tel: 917-355-2395 jfraunces@lifesciadvisors.com SCYNEXIS, INC. UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (in thousands, except share and per share data) March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 36,671 $ 21,259 Short-term investments 22,592 18,772 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 919 263 Restricted cash 80 80 Deferred offering costs 2,429 — Total current assets 62,691 40,374 Investments 13,153 16,247 Deferred offering costs — 533 Restricted cash 109 109 Operating lease right-of-use asset 1,673 1,764 Total assets $ 77,626 $ 59,027 Liabilities and stockholders’ equity Current liabilities: Accounts payable $ 5,632 $ 2,225 Accrued expenses 1,529 2,791 Asset Purchase Agreement payable 8,000 — Deferred revenue 235 235 Operating lease liability, current portion 504 483 Total current liabilities 15,900 5,734 Warrant liabilities 18,862 2,225 Operating lease liability 1,557 1,692 Total liabilities 36,319 9,651 Commitments and contingencies Stockholders’ equity: Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, authorized 5,000,000 shares as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025; 0 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 — — Common stock, $0.001 par value, 150,000,000 shares authorized as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025; 62,051,330 and 43,541,510 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively 64 46 Additional paid-in capital 447,686 434,474 Accumulated deficit (406,443 ) (385,144 ) Total stockholders’ equity 41,307 49,376 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 77,626 $ 59,027 SCYNEXIS, INC. UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (in thousands, except share and per share data) Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 2025 License agreement revenue $ — $ 257 Operating expenses: Research and development 12,351 5,141 Selling, general and administrative 4,588 3,726 Total operating expenses 16,939 8,867 Loss from operations (16,939 ) (8,610 ) Other (income) expense: Amortization of debt issuance costs and discount — 312 Interest income (535 ) (776 ) Interest expense — 173 Other income (354 ) — Warrant liability fair value adjustment 5,249 (2,928 ) Total other expense (income) 4,360 (3,219 ) Net loss $ (21,299 ) $ (5,391 ) Net loss per share – basic and diluted $ (0.42 ) $ (0.11 ) Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic and diluted 50,957,191 49,435,500 CONTACT : Investor Relations John Fraunces LifeSci Advisors Tel: 917-355-2395 jfraunces@lifesciadvisors.com

2026年4月，复旦大学黄广华教授团队在Clinical Microbiology Reviews杂志（IF 19.3）发表了关于耳念珠菌（Candidozyma auris，原名Candida auris）全球流行和感染状况的相关文章，系统阐述了2009-2025年间全球耳念珠菌的流行状况、传播特征及耐药性等方面的相关内容。 耳念珠菌因其多重耐药性、环境持久性和高传播性，受到科学界、临床界和公共卫生领域的广泛关注。自2009年在日本首次被报道以来，耳念珠菌在全球快速传播，COVID-19大流行后其传播速度显著加快。截至2025年12月，全球六大洲82个国家共报告84,941例耳念珠菌定植或感染病例。 耳念珠菌全球流行病学 截至2025年12月，全球82个国家共报告84,941例耳念珠菌定植或感染病例，分布如下： 非洲：10国（10/82，12.2%） 亚洲：26国（26/82，31.7%） 欧洲：27国（27/82，32.9%） 北美洲：8国（8/82，9.8%） 大洋洲：2国（2/82，2.4%） 南美洲：9国（9/82，11.0%） 病例数与地理范围逐年递增，COVID-19大流行后加速扩散；自2009年首次检出以来，每年均有新国家报告病例（图1）。 2009年日本首次正式报道耳念珠菌，但回顾性研究已发现至少40例早于该时间的临床病例。从全球各国耳念珠菌感染或定植病例分布看，76.9%（65,321/84,941）来自美国；南非、阿联酋、中国、哥伦比亚、西班牙、沙特阿拉伯、意大利各报告超1000例；有16个国家报告100~1000例。美国与其他国家病例数差异显著，主要源于诊断能力、监测体系、报告规范不同，而非真实疾病负担差异。美国广泛配备MALDI-TOF质谱与分子鉴定平台，常规筛查高危患者，CDC协调的国家级监测系统实现全面上报。 时间趋势分析显示全球病例出现两次大幅激增。2013–2016年为早期洲际扩散期，不同遗传分支在多洲定植；2020–2022年与COVID-19大流行重合，增幅更显著。排除美国数据后，全球整体趋势保持高度一致，印证大流行的推动作用。 图1 耳念珠菌感染的全球分布状况 （A）截至 2025 年 12 月耳念珠菌病例地理分布（总例数 n=84941） （B）历年累计耳念珠菌病例数（B1）与报告病例的国家数量（B2） 01 / 美国 美国2016年首次报告耳念珠菌病例，回顾性研究发现了7例更早发生的病例（2013、2015年各1例，2016年5例）。耳念珠菌在美国首次检出后快速全国扩散，COVID-19大流行期间增幅尤为突出。截至2025年，全美共报告65,321例，有43个州（86%）已报告至少1例耳念珠菌相关感染。 02 / 南美洲 南美洲2012–2013年在委内瑞拉首次检出耳念珠菌，此后多国出现散发病例与医疗机构相关暴发，以哥伦比亚、巴西最为突出。目前哥伦比亚为负担最高国家，报告1,858例；委内瑞拉（23例）、秘鲁（36例）、阿根廷（2例）、智利（1例）、厄瓜多尔（1例）、巴拉圭（1例）均有病例报告。 03 / 欧洲 欧洲2007年在法国首次报告耳念珠菌感染，2015年后定植或感染病例显著增加，多国出现大规模院内暴发。英国牛津大学医院神经科ICU2015–2017年检出70例耳念珠菌定植或感染患者，其中7例为侵袭性感染，流行病学调查证实耳念珠菌传播与重复使用腋温探头污染相关，凸显污染医疗器械在院内传播中的作用。 近年欧洲多国再次出现病例激增，2020年后（COVID-19大流行）增幅明显。欧洲报告病例数较多的国家依次为西班牙（1,807例）、意大利（1,198例）、希腊（879例）、英国（645例）、罗马尼亚（404例）、德国（145例）。 04 / 亚洲 亚洲最早在日本、韩国、印度检出耳念珠菌，随后中国、中东国家陆续报告。近期新加坡与孟加拉国发现全新耳念珠菌遗传分支。亚洲部分地区临床机构感染极为普遍，印度部分医院耳念珠菌占念珠菌血症病例的5%~30%，成为ICU院内真菌感染主要病因。 中国2018年首次检出耳念珠菌，2023年前报告病例数偏低；近2年急剧上升，截至2025年12月达2,150例。 中东多国成为耳念珠菌感染的区域热点，阿联酋（2,281例）、沙特阿拉伯（1,730例）、阿曼（358例）、科威特（290例）、卡塔尔（492例）、以色列（218例）病例持续上升，反映医疗环境内持续传播。 05 / 非洲与大洋洲 非洲、大洋洲病例数持续上升。非洲大陆2012年在南非首次检出，菌株分支与日本、印度初始分支遗传差异显著。截至2025年12月，南非报告2,670例，澳大利亚报告51例。 值得注意的是，目前未报告病例的国家多为低收入/发展中小国，真菌精准诊断基础设施与临床能力有限，无病例报告更可能是漏诊、漏报，而非无病原体存在。全球监测数据充分表明，耳念珠菌已成为全球范围持续升级的公共卫生威胁。 06 / 按年龄、性别、标本类型的病例分布 耳念珠菌感染患者年龄范围0~102岁，呈现双峰年龄分布：新生儿（<1岁）：14.0%，50岁及以上：55.4%。提示年龄极端人群易感性更高。 性别差异显著：男性64%，女性36%，背后的生物学、行为或医疗相关因素尚不明确，需进一步研究。 标本类型分析：皮肤/腋窝/腹股沟定植：32.2%（最高）；血流感染：22.5%；尿路感染：19.4%；耳鼻喉感染：8.1%。该分布提示耳念珠菌偏好定植温暖潮湿部位，是医疗环境内持续定植与传播的关键（图2）。 图 2 按标本类型划分的耳念珠菌病例分布 （A）年龄分布（n = 1,845） （B）性别分布（n = 8,029） （C）标本来源分布（n = 20,501） （D）耳念珠菌遗传分支分布（n = 2,188） 缩写说明 ENT：耳、鼻、喉 BALF：支气管肺泡灌洗液 07 / 临床耳念珠菌分离株的遗传分支与交配型 全球已鉴定6个遗传差异显著的分支（Ⅰ~Ⅵ），按地理起源与基因组差异划分：分支Ⅰ（南亚）、Ⅲ（南非）、Ⅳ（南美洲）：全球分布最广；分支Ⅱ（东亚）、Ⅴ（伊朗）、Ⅵ（孟加拉国/新加坡）：以散发病例为主；Ⅱ、Ⅴ分支菌株主要与耳部感染相关。流行病学数据显示：分支Ⅰ感染患者占比高达53.1%，其次是分支Ⅲ（27.6%）和分支Ⅳ（14.8%），其余分支合计占病例的4.3%。分支Ⅰ菌株引起的感染已在38个国家报告，而分支Ⅲ和Ⅳ分别在15个和14个国家被检出(图3)。 尽管各分支地理起源独立，受全球旅行与患者转运推动，已出现洲际扩散：亚洲检出全部6个分支，欧、非、北美检出Ⅰ~Ⅳ分支。更值得警惕的是，近期已出现不同分支混合感染病例，增加抗真菌治疗与感染防控难度。 交配型位点分析显示，耳念珠菌携带单一交配型位点（MTL）：分支Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ：MTLa型；分支Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅵ：MTLα型。分支间交配型相互排斥分布，提示长期克隆进化、交配型构型稳定，无近期分支间有性重组证据。尽管存在交配型调控基因（a1、a2、α1），目前尚未观察到耳念珠菌有性生殖。 图 3 耳念珠菌不同分支菌株的分布 （A）报告各遗传分支（Ⅰ–Ⅵ）耳念珠菌病例的国家数量统计 （B）六大洲中Ⅰ–Ⅵ分支菌株的分布情况 耳念珠菌抗真菌耐药性全球趋势 多重耐药是耳念珠菌的核心特征，也是其全球公共卫生重要性的主要因素。基于美国CDC暂定的耐药折点：77.3%耳念珠菌分离株对氟康唑耐药；31.8%耳念珠菌分离株对两性霉素B耐药；11.1%耳念珠菌分离株对卡泊芬净耐药；5.0%耳念珠菌分离株对氟胞嘧啶耐药。氟康唑耐药性在分支I和III中尤为普遍，超过98%的分离株表现出耐药性，而分支II和V的大多数分离株仍保持敏感。全球不同地区多重耐药率存在差异：Lockhart等人报道，三大洲临床分离株中40.7%耳念珠菌分离株对两类抗真菌药耐药，3.7%对三类（氟康唑、两性霉素B、棘白菌素类）耐药；近期全球分析显示，861株临床分离株中约58.0%对三类药物（氟康唑、伏立康唑、两性霉素B）耐药。中国2018–2025年515株耳念珠菌分离株分析显示：41.7%分离株对至少两类抗真菌药耐药；6.4%对三类（棘白菌素类、氟康唑、两性霉素B）耐药；0.2%对四类（氟康唑、两性霉素B、棘白菌素类、氟胞嘧啶）耐药。数据表明，全球耳念珠菌分离株棘白菌素类、两性霉素B耐药性与多重耐药率呈令人担忧的上升趋势。 氟康唑与棘白菌素类耐药常与ERG11、FKS1基因“热点”突变及拷贝数变异（CNV）相关。ERG11热点突变包括VF125AL、Y132F、K143R；FKS1热点突变包括S639F/P/T/Y、S635Y/S/L/I/C/Del、D642H/N/V/Y、R1354C/G/H/S、W691L/C。 近年中国等国家两性霉素B与棘白菌素类耐药上升，可能与临床、农业抗真菌药物使用增加或耐药克隆传播相关。持续监测抗真菌药敏性与耐药分子机制，对指导有效治疗、控制耐药菌株传播至关重要。 01 / ERG11基因“热点”突变与拷贝数变异 基于公开的耳念珠菌基因组数据集，系统分析ERG11热点突变与拷贝数变异，结果显示突变呈高度分支特异性，反映不同进化轨迹： 分支Ⅰ：>93.0%分离株携带至少1个热点突变，VF125AL（54.4%）和K143R（38.7%）突变最常见；16.8%分离株存在ERG11扩增（拷贝数≥2）； 分支Ⅲ：99.9%分离株携带VF125AL突变，高度遗传同源； 分支Ⅱ、Ⅴ：少量菌株携带Y132F突变； 分支Ⅳ：9.0%分离株Y132F突变、12.3%分离株K143R突变。 总体而言，87.1%分离株携带至少1个ERG11热点突变，8.7%分离株携带≥2个拷贝，这些遗传改变是耳念珠菌唑类广泛耐药的主要驱动因素。 02 / FKS1基因“热点”突变 Fks1是真菌细胞壁β-1,3-葡聚糖合成关键酶，为棘白菌素类（念珠菌感染一线抗真菌药）作用靶点。临床耳念珠菌菌株FKS1热点突变总频率约4.5%，以D642H/N/V/Y（2.3%）、S639F/P/T/Y（1.4%）最常见。 与ERG11类似，FKS1突变呈分支特异性： 分支Ⅰ：8.2%分离株携带FKS1突变，覆盖全部5个热点位点，S639（2.1%）、D642（4.9%）突变最常见； 分支Ⅲ：1.0%分离株携带FKS1热点突变，覆盖全部5个位点； 分支Ⅳ：1.8%分离株携带FKS1突变，覆盖3个位点； 分支Ⅱ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ：未检出FKS1热点突变。 部分临床菌株同时携带ERG11与FKS1突变，导致多重耐药：例如，8.0%的分支Ⅰ菌株、1.0%的分支Ⅲ菌株和1.1%的分支Ⅵ菌株同时携带这两种基因的突变，凸显多重耐药耳念珠菌给临床治疗带来的严峻挑战。 以往研究与同源定位分析显示，ERG11、FKS1耐药突变在致病性念珠菌中部分保守，例如Y132F、K143R、F126L等ERG11突变，S639、F635、D642等FKS1突变，在白念珠菌、热带念珠菌等均有发现；同时存在物种特异性突变，如FKS1的R1354突变见于白念珠菌、克柔念珠菌，W691突变为耳念珠菌特有。 综上，致病性念珠菌抗真菌耐药核心分子机制保守，但关键耐药基因的具体突变谱存在物种差异。 耳念珠菌治疗药物研发 耳念珠菌多重耐药性给临床治疗带来重大挑战，凸显新型抗真菌疗法的迫切需求。过去十年，多款抗真菌药物与新型化合物已研发或处于研究阶段，用于治疗耐药真菌病原体感染，包括、艾瑞芬净、olorofim、瑞扎芬净、BAL 2602、mandimycin、turbinmicin。 01 /  是一种新型合成抗真菌药，是靶向真菌细胞壁酶Gwt1（参与糖基磷脂酰肌醇GPI锚生物合成）的manopepix的N-膦酰氧甲基前药。对耳念珠菌及多种致病真菌具广谱活性，早期临床研究显示安全耐受，有望用于多重耐药念珠菌所致念珠菌血症与侵袭性感染。 02 / 艾瑞芬净 艾瑞芬净是一种口服三萜类抗真菌药，抑制真菌细胞壁1,3-β-D葡聚糖合成酶；与棘白菌素类靶点相同但结合位点不同，对部分棘白菌素耐药菌株仍有效；体外对耳念珠菌活性强，MIC₉₀约1.0 μg/mL，动物与临床研究显示可用于治疗耳念珠菌引起的侵袭性念珠菌病；口服后皮肤组织药物浓度高，提示其在减少皮肤定植方面的潜在用途。 03 / 瑞扎芬净 瑞扎芬净是新一代棘白菌素类，半衰期长、药代动力学稳定性高；作用机制与一代棘白菌素类一致，体外与体内对耳念珠菌活性强，临床研究显示可用于念珠菌血症治疗与预防。 04 / olorofim 选择性抑制真菌二氢乳清酸脱氢酶（DHODH）阻断嘧啶合成；对丝状、双相真菌活性强，但对酵母类病原体（含耳念珠菌）体外活性有限。 05 / BAL 2602 类铁载体六肽抗真菌药，对丝状真菌选择性活性强，对念珠菌属活性有限。 06 / mandimycin 多烯大环内酯类天然产物，与经典多烯类（两性霉素B）作用于麦角固醇不同，对耳念珠菌等多重耐药真菌活性强。 07 / turbinmicin 海洋细菌来源化合物，对耳念珠菌等多种致病真菌体外与体内活性强。 这些新型化合物对多重耐药耳念珠菌的体外与体内活性前景良好，需进一步临床研究验证其治疗潜力与未来抗真菌治疗策略中的地位。 结论与展望 本文全面综述耳念珠菌全球出现与流行病学演变，包括其毒力、环境持久性、抗真菌耐药性的生物学基础。耳念珠菌感染的精准、及时诊断仍具挑战，尤其在诊断基础设施与监测能力有限的中低收入国家，感染常被漏诊、误诊，全球真实疾病负担被严重低估。凸显了提升诊断能力、强化监测体系、开展国际协同监测的迫切性。 遏制耳念珠菌传播需要强大的国家与全球监测网络、有效的感染防控措施，以及易用可靠的诊断工具与抗真菌疗法研发。应对这一日益严峻的公共卫生威胁，需要临床、科研、公共卫生领域的持续国际合作。 未来研究与干预核心方向：通过提升实验室能力与临床、真菌学医师培训，提高诊断准确性；阐明耳念珠菌致病性与抗真菌耐药性的分子机制；发现新型治疗靶点，研发有效抗真菌治疗策略；明确耳念珠菌的环境起源及其持久存活与传播的机制。 后COVID-19时代，多重耐药耳念珠菌的出现与全球扩散是重大且持续的公共卫生挑战。整合监测、科研、临床诊疗与感染防控的国际协同行动，对遏制这一高危真菌病原体持续扩散至关重要。 向下滑动查看原文