预约演示

更新于：2025-12-08

Naltrexone

纳曲酮

更新于：2025-12-08

概要

基本信息

简介纳曲酮是一种阿片受体拮抗剂，常用于治疗酒精和药物依赖症。VIVITROL是含有纳曲酮的药物，适用于在门诊环境下能够戒酒的酒精依赖症患者。在使用VIVITROL前，患者不应饮酒。此外，VIVITROL也适用于戒除阿片类药物后预防复发。使用VIVITROL时应该搭配心理社会支持一起实施。纳曲酮的作用机制为拮抗阿片受体中的μ、κ和δ受体。

药物类型

小分子化药

别名

DBR-LDN、Naltrexone implant、naltrexone implant(Drug Delivery Company)

+ [11]

靶点

Opioid receptors

作用方式

拮抗剂

作用机制

Opioid receptors拮抗剂(阿片样受体拮抗剂)

治疗领域

其他疾病消化系统疾病内分泌与代谢疾病+ [3]

在研适应症

鸦片依赖酗酒甲基苯丙胺滥用+ [11]

非在研适应症

获得性免疫缺陷综合征肢端雀斑恶性黑色素瘤酒精相关疾病+ [32]

原研机构

Alkermes, Inc.

在研机构

The Children's Mercy Hospital

University of California, Los AngelesBioCorRx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

+ [12]

非在研机构

University of Pennsylvania

The University of Chicago

Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc.

+ [11]

权益机构

Statera Biopharma, Inc.

Aardvark Therapeutics, Inc.

Scilex Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

+ [9]

最高研发阶段批准上市

首次获批日期

美国 (2006-04-13),

酗酒

最高研发阶段(中国)终止

特殊审评孤儿药 (美国)、优先审评 (中国)

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结构/序列

分子式C20H23NO4

InChIKeyDQCKKXVULJGBQN-XFWGSAIBSA-N

CAS号16590-41-3

关联

163

项与纳曲酮相关的临床试验

NCT07249554

/ Not yet recruiting临床2期IIT

Preliminary Safety and Efficacy of Semaglutide and Naltrexone Combination Therapy for Alcohol Use Disorder

This human laboratory study will collect preliminary safety and efficacy data from a sample of participants enrolled in a 4-week in-patient treatment program for alcohol use disorder.

开始日期2026-03-01

申办/合作机构

The Johns Hopkins University

NCT07064564

/ Not yet recruiting临床1期

A Randomized, Comparator-Controlled, Multiple Dose-Level Study Evaluating the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of BIOPIN (Naltrexone) Implants Compared to Monthly Vivitrol Injections in Healthy Adults Over a 12-Month Period

This is a Phase 1b clinical study testing a new extended-release implant that delivers naltrexone, a medication used to treat opioid use disorder (OUD). The investigational product is called BIOPIN. It is a small implant that is inserted just under the skin of the thigh and slowly releases medication over many months. The goal of the study is to see what the blood levels of naltrexone are from two different doses of the BIOPIN implant over time and to compare it to blood levels of naltrexone from Vivitrol®, an FDA-approved injectable form of extended-release naltrexone given once a month.
This study will enroll healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 55. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either a low dose BIOPIN implant, a high dose BIOPIN implant, or monthly Vivitrol injections. All participants will be followed closely for 12 months to monitor medication levels in their blood and assess for any side effects or health changes. The study will help determine if the BIOPIN implant can deliver naltrexone levels that are equal to or higher than those seen with monthly Vivitrol injections, particularly during the times when patients are most vulnerable to relapse.
Participants receiving the BIOPIN implant will have the option of having the implant removed at the end of the study or choosing to continue being observed until the implant fully dissolves, which may take up to two years. Participants who choose extended follow-up will be enrolled in a separate observational study.
This study is sponsored by Drug Delivery Company, LLC, with support from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). The clinical research is being overseen by Fast-Track Research, Inc. and reviewed by Advarra IRB. All participants will undergo screening exams to ensure they are healthy and eligible, and they will be closely monitored throughout the study.
The results of this study will help researchers determine the best dose of BIOPIN to move forward into later-stage clinical trials and may support further development of long-acting treatments for opioid use disorder that do not require monthly injections or surgical removal.

开始日期2026-02-01

申办/合作机构

Drug Delivery Co. LLC

[+3]

NCT06845124

/ Not yet recruiting临床2期IIT

ICONICplus - Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial to Investigate the Effects of Cannabidiol Plus Naltrexone on Cue-Induced Alcohol Craving in Alcohol Dependence

Alcohol addiction (AD) is a chronic relapsing disorder with currently limited pharmacological treatment options. Alcohol craving, a hallmark symptom of AD that drives relapse in patients, is only insufficiently treated by existing medication. One promising new compound for the treatment of alcohol craving in AD is Cannabidiol (CBD), which showed beneficial effects on alcohol craving in preliminary clinical studies. Additionally, CBD seems to be a particularly promising candidate for enhancing the effects of established medication, specifically Naltrexone (NTX), an opioid-antagonist, which is approved for AD treatment, due to the synergistic effects of the combination of Cannabidiol plus Naltrexone on alcohol consumption that were shown by preclinical studies. The proposed three-armed, 1:1:1 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group, multicentric phase II trial seeks to test the putative synergistic effects of combined CBD (800mg) + oral NTX (50mg) against CBD (1200mg) + oral NTX (50mg) against Placebo + oral NTX (50mg) on alcohol craving (primary outcome) in male and female patients with AD that suffer from high alcohol craving. The trial seeks to test the effects of the innovative combination of CBD plus NTX against Placebo plus NTX on alcohol craving over a 14-day treatment period, which is embedded in a standardized addiction treatment program according to current treatment guidelines, in order to estimate the added value of treatment with CBD on alcohol craving. Quality of life and neurobiological and biochemical markers for craving will serve as secondary outcomes, because they show strong associations to treatment outcome and relapse risk. Collection and analysis of follow-up data (28 days, 42 days, 105 days, 196 days) will be performed to determine whether treatment effects relate to patient outcome.

开始日期2025-07-01

申办/合作机构

Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit

[+2]

100 项与纳曲酮相关的临床结果

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100 项与纳曲酮相关的转化医学

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100 项与纳曲酮相关的专利（医药）

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8,630

项与纳曲酮相关的文献（医药）

2026-03-01·JOURNAL DE MYCOLOGIE MEDICALE

Nitroxoline and its combination with antifungals: An alternative for the treatment of fungal biofilm

Article

作者: Gomes, Roger Ferreira ; Fuentefria, Alexandre Meneghello ; Reginatto, Paula ; Machado, Gabriella da Rosa Monte ; de Souza, Jade André

Fungal infections represent a significant public health challenge due to their high mortality rates, which can be exacerbated by the ability of fungi, especially Candida species, to form biofilms on medical devices. These opportunistic pathogens are causing candidemia in debilitated patients, contributing to increased hospitalization costs and prolonged recovery times. The existing antifungal therapy has some limitations, including high costs, significant toxicity and the emergence of fungal resistance. In this context, drug repositioning and combined therapy may be an alternative. The 8-hydroxiquinoline's derivatives, like nitroxoline (NTX), have shown biological activities, such as antibacterial and antifungal. This study evaluated the antibiofilm potential of NTX, both in its isolated form and in combination, as a new alternative against yeasts and biofilms of clinical interest. The combinations were tested using the checkerboard technique and the drugs were tested against Candida spp. and Trichosporon spp. biofilms at MIC, MICx2, MICx10 and MICx20. The triple combination of NTX, amphotericin B (AMB) and caspofungin (CSP) showed greater effectiveness, with synergic action, against most of the strains. NTX and its combination with AMB and CSP showed excellent action against Candida spp. and Trichosporon spp, being the most effective in reducing the metabolic activities of the biofilm cells. Hence, NTX and its combination showed a promising antifungal and antibiofilm potential, and its repositioning could represent an immediate and safe alternative in the routine of preventing and treating infections in patients using medical devices.

2026-01-01·MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY

Interrelationship between alcohol consumption, overnutrition, and pharmacotherapy for liver steatosis: Considerations and proposals

Review

作者: Zúñiga-Hernández, Jessica ; Videla, Luis A ; Valenzuela, Rodrigo ; Farías, Camila ; Muñoz, Yasna

Alcoholism and overnutrition both contribute to the development of hepatic steatosis in humans. In alcoholic liver disease, steatosis is driven by (i) alcohol oxidation via alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which increases the NADH/NAD⁺ ratio, and (ii) induction of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), which elevates oxidative stress. Both pathways generate toxic acetaldehyde. Overnutrition is characterized by excessive energy intake, high consumption of refined carbohydrates and saturated fatty acids (FAs), and low intake of dietary fiber, fruits, vegetables, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs). The increased NADH/NAD⁺ ratio inhibits the Krebs cycle and FA β-oxidation, redirecting acetyl-CoA toward de novo lipogenesis. This process is mainly regulated by insulin-mediated activation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and suppression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) related to n-3 PUFA depletion, which further impairs FA β-oxidation and upregulates citrate carrier expression, promoting lipogenesis. Chronic exposure to either alcohol or overnutrition independently promotes steatosis; however, co-exposure significantly exacerbates the condition, as shown in emerging preclinical studies. In humans, the relationship remains complex and inconsistent. Several anti-steatotic agents have been explored, including n-3 PUFAs, vitamins (E, C, D), polyphenols (curcumin, resveratrol, anthocyanins), anti-craving medications (disulfiram, naltrexone, nalmefene, acamprosate), and appetite suppressants (e.g., topiramate), as well as combination therapies such as naltrexone with bupropion. Despite the range of available interventions, inconsistent outcomes in past clinical trials hinder the establishment of standardized protocols. This underscores the urgent need to investigate synergistic effects of combined risk factors to better guide therapeutic strategies for hepatic steatosis prevention and reversal, and inform the health professionals on these aspects.

2026-01-01·BRAIN RESEARCH

Repurposing immunomodulatory drugs targeting microglia for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Review

作者: Briedé, Jacco Jan ; Hendricus Maes, Kirsten Johanna

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder that progressively affects upper and lower motor neurons, leading to symptoms including dysarthria, muscle weakness, and paralysis. The disease is multifactorial, with a variety of contributing pathways, including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Current treatments target only two of these pathways with limited efficacy, highlighting the need for alternative approaches. Increasing evidence highlights the involvement of immune dysregulation, particularly microglial-mediated neuroinflammation, in ALS pathology. Fortunately, many immunomodulatory drugs acting on microglia are already available for other diseases, indicating promising opportunities for drug repurposing. This literature review provides an overview of existing drugs under investigation for ALS, including those that have failed, and highlights microglia-targeting compounds with emerging repurposing potential. Compounds such as ibudilast, fingolimod, and modafinil have shown encouraging initial clinical results, whereas others were well-tolerated but underpowered or failed to demonstrate efficacy. New candidates, such as azithromycin, montelukast, doxycycline, tofacitinib, quercetin, belinostat, propranolol, and several kinase inhibitors, have demonstrated positive preclinical results, supporting their advancement toward clinical evaluation. Overall, these findings emphasize the potential of microglia-targeting therapies for ALS. To realize this potential, future studies must include larger cohorts, assess effects across different disease stages and patient subgroups, and examine sex differences. This is essential to address patient heterogeneity and improve personalized treatments for ALS patients.

353

项与纳曲酮相关的新闻（医药）

2025-12-05

·搜狐新闻

时隔 7 年再次更新！老年皮肤瘙痒症诊疗与康复专家共识（2025版）

本文转发自：丁香园皮肤时间老年皮肤瘙痒症传统定义为一种经常始发于 60 或 65 岁以上老年人、病因不清、病程大于 6 周的慢性瘙痒，或一种没有原发性皮疹的特发性瘙痒症。近日，中国康复医学会皮肤病康复专业委员会、中国中西医结合学会皮肤性病专业委员会老年皮肤病学组组织相关专家，制订了《老年皮肤瘙痒症诊疗与康复专家共识（2025 版）》。丁香园整理其内容，以飨读者。诊断01诊断标准主要条件：①始发于老年期（60 或 65 岁以上）的慢性瘙痒，瘙痒常波及皮肤多部位或泛发全身，持续超过 6 周或过去 1 年反复间断性发作；②对应瘙痒部位的皮肤有如下之一的单一性或复合性改变：皮肤干燥症表现伴瘙痒（表皮性瘙痒），搔抓性皮损如表皮剥脱性抓痕、苔藓样及痒疹样皮损（神经病理性瘙痒），非皱褶、非屈侧部位为主的湿疹样皮损（炎症性瘙痒），混合型皮损（混合性瘙痒）；③瘙痒相关睡眠障碍或焦虑抑郁症状；④外周血嗜酸性粒细胞增多。排除条件：其他已知非年龄依赖的系统性慢性瘙痒或瘙痒性疾病，如尿毒症瘙痒、胆汁淤积性瘙痒、真性红细胞增多症、皮肤 T 细胞淋巴瘤、嗜酸性粒细胞增多症、药疹及药物性瘙痒等以及其他易于混淆的瘙痒性疾病，如特应性皮炎、类天疱疮、疥疮、寄生虫妄想症、人工皮炎等。诊断：同时满足主要条件①和②项中任何 1 项并满足排除条件即可诊断老年皮肤瘙痒症。③和④项用于老年皮肤瘙痒症的分型诊断。02诊断分型1. 依据皮肤（损）单一或复合性特征及其潜在病因学机制将老年皮肤瘙痒症分为 4 个临床亚型：①表皮性瘙痒：皮肤干燥症伴慢性瘙痒症；②神经病理性瘙痒：与搔抓相关皮损如表皮剥脱、苔藓样及痒疹样皮损相关的慢性瘙痒症；③炎症性瘙痒：与炎症性皮损如湿疹样皮损、泛发性粉红色微丘疹、丘疹鳞屑性及荨麻疹样皮损等相关的慢性瘙痒症；④混合性瘙痒：与表皮性、神经病理性和炎症性皮损相关的慢性瘙痒症。2. 依据外周血嗜酸性粒细胞是否增多，将老年皮肤瘙痒症分为嗜酸性粒细胞升高型（外周血嗜酸性粒细胞百分比 > 4% 或嗜酸性粒细胞绝对值 > 0.30 K/mm3）和非升高型两个亚型。03诊断流程治疗治疗注意事项包括：①治疗药物一般以低剂量起始，根据治疗反应，缓慢增量或减量，不突然停药或过早换药；②治疗初始阶段需要经常性随访，以评估药物不良反应及反应程度；③对于某些止痒药物需要注意有无嗜睡及头晕等不良反应，需提前告知患者或家庭照护者，制定预防摔倒措施；④由于目前临床应用的系统止痒药物大多数为超说明书用药，应在充分沟通、理解、知情同意下使用，防止医疗纠纷。01局部治疗1. 皮肤屏障保护及修复剂：含尿素、维生素 E、硅油、凡士林、甘油、三亚油酸甘油酯及神经酰胺等成分制剂或类肝素制剂，每日外用数次，作为老年皮肤瘙痒症初期与维持治疗。2. 外用止痒制剂：包括辣椒素制剂、含聚桂醇和薄荷醇止痒制剂、5% 多塞平乳膏、氯环利嗪软膏、复方利多卡因软膏等。3. 外用糖皮质激素：仅用于炎症性老年皮肤瘙痒症。4. 外用钙调神经磷酸酶抑制剂：0.1% 他克莫司软膏可用于控制慢性瘙痒和搔抓。5. 外用磷酸二酯酶 4（PDE⁃4）抑制剂：2% 克立硼罗软膏可作为伴发或不伴发皮疹的老年皮肤瘙痒症的局部替代疗法。6. 外用 Janus 激酶（JAK）抑制剂：目前，临床研究表明，有抗炎及缓解瘙痒症状的外用 JAK 抑制剂有泛 JAK 抑制剂迪高替尼（delgocitinib）软膏、JAK1/2 抑制剂芦可替尼（ruxolitinib）乳膏及 JAK1/3 抑制剂托法替尼（tofacitinib）软膏。02系统性治疗1. 抗组胺药物：慢性瘙痒初期可使用第二代非镇静类抗组胺药。比拉斯汀是一种非镇静性的长效组胺拮抗剂，耐受性良好且对 H1 受体亲和力强，口服 20 mg/d。依巴斯汀、咪唑斯汀、氯雷他定、地氯雷他定通过肝脏代谢，肝功能受损者应减低剂量。非索非那定可早晨口服 180 mg 每日 1 次，肝功能异常时不必调整剂量。西替利嗪口服 10 mg/d，肾功能不全者应调整药物种类和剂量。2. 糖皮质激素：短期用于拯救性治疗病情严重的炎症性瘙痒，不推荐长期用药。3. 环孢素 A：适用于多种炎症性瘙痒性疾病。一般使用剂量为每日 3~5 mg/kg，分 2 服，需定期检测肾功能及血压等，老年患者慎用次口。4. 甲氨蝶呤：需个体化调整剂量并定期实验室监测。5. 加巴喷丁类：可用于治疗带状疱疹后瘙痒、慢性肾病相关性瘙痒症和不明原因的慢性瘙痒症。加巴喷丁口服起始剂量 300 mg/d，最大剂量为 1800 mg/d；普瑞巴林起始剂量为 75 mg/d，最大剂量 600 mg/d。肾功能不全者需调整剂量。6. 抗焦虑抑郁药物：可用于治疗重度慢性瘙痒。米氮平每晚 7.5~15 mg 治疗夜间瘙痒。7. 阿片受体调节剂：纳曲酮治疗胆汁淤积性或慢性肾病相关瘙痒症；布托啡诺和纳呋拉啡可用于慢性肾病及透析患者瘙痒症的治疗；纳呋拉啡可缓解慢性肾病相关瘙痒；地非法林用于治疗终末期肾病相关慢性瘙痒。8. 生物制剂：度普利尤单抗可减轻中重度特应性皮炎、结节性痒疹、慢性肾病性瘙痒、病因不清慢性瘙痒症及大疱性类天疱疮等患者的慢性瘙痒，推荐剂量为首次皮下注射 600 mg，然后每 2 周注射 300 mg。奥马珠单抗可用于治疗荨麻疹和大疱性类天疱疮及其瘙痒，推荐剂量为皮下注射 300 mg，每 4 周 1 次。9. JAK 抑制剂：托法替布、巴瑞替尼、阿布昔替尼及乌帕替尼具有较强的抗炎止痒作用，其中 JAK1 选择性抑制剂可快速抑制特应性皮炎的瘙痒、老年病因不清慢性瘙痒症。康复管理1. 减少或避免诱发及加重因素：如减少或避免使用毛织、化纤制品的衣物和床上用品，建议使用纯棉制品。2. 改变搔抓行为：告知老年患者尽可能避免破坏性搔抓，以免加重皮肤屏障的损伤，加重搔抓-瘙痒循环。3. 保持皮肤清洁及修复皮肤屏障：出汗可诱发或加剧皮肤瘙痒，皮肤清洁不仅可去除汗液，还可去除灰尘、花粉和体表有害微生物。但注意应避免过度洗浴，避免热水烫及使用碱性肥皂。鼓励老年患者使用皮肤屏障保护及修复剂作为维持治疗。特别说明 | 本文仅供医疗卫生等专业人士参考参考文献（上下）原文题图 | 站酷海洛原文投稿 | luweiying@dxy.cn返回搜狐，查看更多

2025-12-03

·百度百家

多肽合成，「Des-Tyr1」-γ-Endorphin (β-Lipotropin (62-77), β-Endorphin (2-17))，Gly-Gly-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu

一、基本性质 [Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽作为一种内源性多肽，其核心基本信息是开展后续研究与应用的基础，以下从多维度梳理其关键性质： • 英文名称：[Des-Tyr1]-γ-Endorphin；同时，其具有明确的序列来源标注，可表述为β-Lipotropin (62-77) 或 β-Endorphin (2-17)，这一标注清晰反映了其在天然前体蛋白中的定位。 • 中文名称：去酪氨酰-1-γ-内啡肽；其中“去酪氨酰-1”表明该多肽相较于γ-内啡肽的N端首个氨基酸残基酪氨酸（Tyr）被去除，“γ-内啡肽”则体现了其与内啡肽家族的归属关系。 • 单字母多肽序列：根据提供的氨基酸残基序列Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu，对应的单字母序列为：GGFMTSEKSQTP LVTL（注：为提升可读性，此处按常规分段方式添加空格，实际序列为连续的16个氨基酸残基）。 • 等电点（pI）：通过多肽等电点预测工具（如ExPASy ProtParam）计算，结合各氨基酸残基的解离常数（pKa）分析，该多肽的等电点约为5.5-6.0。这一数值主要受序列中谷氨酸（Glu，酸性，pKa≈4.25）、赖氨酸（Lys，碱性，pKa≈10.53）等带电残基的数量及解离特性影响，决定了其在不同pH环境下的带电状态与溶解度。 • CAS号：经检索权威化学物质数据库（如CAS Registry），目前[Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽尚未被分配唯一的CAS登录号。这一情况可能与该多肽主要作为科研用内源性多肽，未大规模商业化生产且应用场景相对集中有关。 • 其他关键性质：分子量约为1810 Da（根据氨基酸组成及分子量计算得出）；分子结构中包含疏水残基（如Phe、Met、Leu、Val）与亲水残基（如Gly、Ser、Glu、Lys）交替分布的特征，使其兼具一定的脂溶性与水溶性；作为多肽类物质，其稳定性受温度、pH、蛋白酶等因素影响，易发生降解，因此在储存与实验过程中通常需采用低温、避光及添加蛋白酶抑制剂等措施。二、应用领域 [Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽的应用领域主要集中在生命科学研究领域，基于其作为内源性神经肽的生物学特性，具体应用场景可分为以下几类： • 神经科学基础研究：作为内啡肽家族的重要成员衍生物，该多肽是研究中枢神经系统信号传导、神经递质调节机制的关键工具。科研人员通过体外细胞实验（如神经细胞培养）和体内动物模型，探究其对神经元活性、突触传递及神经环路的影响，为揭示疼痛感知、情绪调节等神经生理过程的分子机制提供依据。 • 精神疾病发病机制研究：内啡肽系统与焦虑、抑郁、成瘾等精神疾病的发生发展密切相关。[Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽作为γ-内啡肽的活性衍生物，其在模型动物或患者样本中的表达水平变化，以及外源性干预后的行为学反应，为研究精神疾病的发病机理提供了重要线索，例如用于验证内啡肽系统功能异常与抑郁样行为之间的因果关系。 • 镇痛机制研究：内啡肽家族的核心功能之一是参与机体的内源性镇痛通路。尽管[Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽缺失了γ-内啡肽N端的酪氨酸残基（该残基对结合μ阿片受体至关重要），但其对其他阿片受体（如δ、κ受体）或非阿片受体的作用，为开发新型镇痛药物提供了备选靶点研究方向，目前主要用于镇痛通路多样性的机制探索。 • 多肽药物研发辅助研究：作为天然内源性多肽的衍生物，其结构与功能的关系研究可为多肽药物的设计提供参考。例如，通过分析其氨基酸残基突变对活性的影响，明确多肽的活性中心，为开发稳定性更高、靶向性更强的人工合成多肽药物奠定基础。三、应用原理 [Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽的应用原理核心在于其作为内源性神经肽与生物体内特定受体或信号分子的相互作用，进而调控相关生理或病理过程，具体可从以下角度解析：首先，在神经调节应用中，其原理基于中枢神经系统的肽能神经传递机制。该多肽通过与神经元膜表面的特异性受体结合（如阿片受体亚型或其他未知功能的神经肽受体），引发受体构象变化，激活下游信号通路（如G蛋白偶联受体介导的cAMP-PKA通路、IP3-Ca²⁺通路等），从而调节神经元的兴奋性、神经递质（如多巴胺、5-羟色胺）的释放量，最终影响动物的行为学表现或细胞的生理功能，这一原理是其用于神经科学基础研究的核心依据。其次，在疾病机制研究中，应用原理围绕“内源性多肽失衡-生理功能紊乱-疾病发生”的逻辑链展开。正常生理状态下，[Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽在体内维持一定的表达水平，参与疼痛、情绪等生理过程的稳态调节；当机体发生病理改变（如精神疾病、慢性疼痛）时，其表达水平或受体结合活性可能出现异常。通过外源性补充或干预该多肽的功能，观察机体的病理状态变化，可反向推导其在疾病发生中的作用，为疾病机制研究提供支撑。在多肽药物研发辅助研究中，应用原理基于“结构-功能关系”理论。该多肽的天然序列是其发挥生物活性的基础，通过对其序列进行定点突变、截短或修饰，比较突变体与野生型的活性差异，可明确序列中关键的活性位点（如特定氨基酸残基、结构域），为设计具有更高活性、更低副作用的人工多肽药物提供结构模板与理论依据。四、药物研发进展目前，[Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽的药物研发仍处于基础研究阶段，尚未进入临床前研究及临床试验阶段，相关研发进展主要集中在靶点验证、活性优化及作用机制深化等方面，具体表现为以下几点：在靶点发现与验证方面，科研人员通过体外细胞实验发现，[Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽可与δ-阿片受体（相较于μ阿片受体，δ受体在镇痛、抗抑郁等方面具有潜在优势，且成瘾性较低）发生弱相互作用，激活下游镇痛相关信号通路，提示δ-阿片受体可能是其发挥镇痛作用的潜在靶点。此外，部分研究发现其对中枢神经系统中的5-羟色胺能神经元具有调节作用，暗示其可能通过调控5-羟色胺系统发挥抗抑郁活性，为开发新型抗抑郁药物提供了新的靶点方向，但目前这些靶点仍需通过动物模型进行体内验证。在活性优化研究方面，针对[Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽稳定性差、体内半衰期短、生物利用度低等多肽类药物常见问题，研究人员开展了一系列结构修饰研究。例如，通过对多肽的N端或C端进行乙酰化、酰胺化修饰，提高其对蛋白酶的耐受性；采用D-型氨基酸替换部分L-型氨基酸，增强其结构稳定性。初步研究结果显示，部分修饰后的多肽突变体在体外实验中表现出比野生型更高的活性与稳定性，但相关结果仍需在动物模型中进一步验证。在作用机制深化方面，研究人员通过蛋白质组学、代谢组学等技术，分析[Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽干预后神经细胞内蛋白质表达谱及代谢物变化，发现其可调控炎症因子（如IL-6、TNF-α）的表达水平，提示其可能通过抗炎作用参与神经保护及镇痛过程。这一发现丰富了其作用机制的理论体系，为后续药物研发提供了更多的作用靶点与理论支撑。总体而言，[Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽的药物研发目前仍面临诸多挑战，如靶点特异性不足、体内递送效率低、作用机制尚未完全明确等。未来的研发重点将集中在明确核心作用靶点、优化多肽结构以提升药代动力学性能、以及通过动物模型验证其体内疗效与安全性等方面，为推动其向临床药物转化奠定基础。五、作用机理 [Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽的作用机理目前尚未完全明确，结合现有研究成果，其生物功能的发挥主要通过与中枢神经系统中的阿片受体及其他神经递质系统相互作用，调控下游信号通路实现，具体可分为以下几个关键环节： 1. 受体结合环节：与γ-内啡肽不同，[Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽缺失了N端的酪氨酸残基，而该残基是结合μ阿片受体的关键位点，因此其与μ阿片受体的结合能力显著减弱。现有研究表明，该多肽主要通过与δ-阿片受体结合发挥作用：当多肽与δ-阿片受体结合后，受体发生构象变化，与胞内G蛋白（Gi/Go型）结合，激活G蛋白信号通路。 2. 下游信号通路激活环节：激活后的Gi/Go蛋白可通过以下两种方式调控细胞功能：一是抑制腺苷酸环化酶（AC）的活性，降低细胞内环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）的水平，进而抑制蛋白激酶A（PKA）的激活，减少下游效应蛋白的磷酸化，最终调节神经元的兴奋性；二是激活磷脂酶C（PLC），促进肌醇三磷酸（IP3）和二酰甘油（DAG）的生成，IP3与内质网上的IP3受体结合，促进钙离子（Ca²⁺）从内质网释放到胞质中，提高胞质内Ca²⁺浓度，调控神经递质（如谷氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸）的释放。 3. 神经递质系统调控环节：除直接作用于阿片受体外，[Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽还可通过间接方式调控其他神经递质系统，放大其生物效应。例如，研究发现其可增强中缝核区5-羟色胺能神经元的放电频率，促进5-羟色胺的合成与释放，而5-羟色胺系统是调节情绪、睡眠及疼痛感知的关键神经递质系统，这一调控作用可能是其发挥抗抑郁、镇痛活性的重要机制之一。此外，该多肽还可轻微抑制去甲肾上腺素能神经元的活性，调节去甲肾上腺素的释放，进一步参与情绪与疼痛的调节过程。 4. 炎症调控环节：在慢性疼痛或神经炎症模型中，[Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽可通过抑制小胶质细胞的活化，减少炎症因子（如IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β）的释放，减轻神经组织的炎症损伤，从而发挥神经保护与镇痛作用。这一炎症调控机制可能是其区别于传统阿片类药物的重要特征，为开发低成瘾性镇痛药物提供了新的思路。六、研究进展近年来，随着神经科学、分子生物学及蛋白质组学技术的发展，[Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽的研究取得了一系列进展，主要集中在表达分布、生理功能及疾病关联等方面，具体如下：在表达分布研究方面，借助免疫组织化学、原位杂交及质谱成像等技术，研究人员明确了[Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽在中枢神经系统中的表达位置。其主要分布于下丘脑、中脑导水管周围灰质（PAG，机体重要的镇痛中枢）、中缝核及杏仁核等与疼痛调节、情绪控制密切相关的脑区。此外，在脊髓背角（疼痛信号传递的关键部位）也检测到少量表达，这一分布特征与其参与疼痛、情绪调节的生理功能高度契合，为解析其作用机制提供了解剖学基础。在生理功能研究方面，通过基因敲除、RNA干扰及外源性多肽干预等技术，研究人员进一步明确了其核心生理功能。在疼痛调节方面，向动物模型的中脑导水管周围灰质注射[Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽，可显著延长动物对热刺激或机械刺激的痛阈，表现出明确的镇痛效应，且该效应可被δ-阿片受体拮抗剂阻断，证实了其镇痛作用依赖于δ-阿片受体；在情绪调节方面，强迫游泳实验、悬尾实验等行为学实验结果显示，外源性补充该多肽可缩短模型小鼠的不动时间，表现出抗抑郁样效应，且这一效应与5-羟色胺系统的激活密切相关。在疾病关联研究方面，研究人员发现[Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽的表达水平与多种疾病存在关联。例如，在慢性疼痛患者的脑脊液中，该多肽的浓度显著低于健康人群，且浓度降低程度与疼痛评分呈正相关；在抑郁症患者的尸检脑组织样本中，中缝核区[Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽的表达量显著下调，提示其表达异常可能参与了慢性疼痛、抑郁症的发病过程。此外，在阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠的脑内，该多肽的表达水平也出现异常，其可能通过调控神经炎症及神经元存活参与疾病进展，但相关机制仍在进一步研究中。在技术方法创新方面，研究人员开发了针对[Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽的高灵敏度检测方法（如超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法），检测下限可达pg级，实现了对生物样本中该多肽的准确定量，为其在疾病诊断中的潜在应用提供了技术支撑；同时，利用类器官模型（如脑类器官）开展该多肽的作用机制研究，克服了传统细胞模型与动物模型之间的差异，提高了研究结果的转化价值。七、相关案例分析目前，关于[Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽的专项临床案例研究较少，现有案例主要集中在基础研究中的动物实验案例，以下选取两个典型案例，从实验设计、结果及意义等方面进行分析，为其后续研究与应用提供参考：案例一：[Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽对慢性神经病理性疼痛模型大鼠的镇痛效应研究 • 实验设计：采用坐骨神经分支选择性损伤（SNI）法构建大鼠慢性神经病理性疼痛模型，将模型大鼠随机分为模型对照组、[Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽低剂量组（10 μg/只）、中剂量组（20 μg/只）、高剂量组（40 μg/只）及阳性对照组（吗啡，1 mg/只），每组10只。通过侧脑室注射方式给予相应药物，于给药前1 h、给药后1 h、2 h、4 h、6 h分别检测大鼠的机械缩足反射阈值（MWT）和热缩足潜伏期（TWL），评价镇痛效应；同时，在给药后2 h检测大鼠脊髓背角组织中炎症因子（IL-6、TNF-α）的表达水平。 • 实验结果：模型对照组大鼠的MWT和TWL显著低于正常大鼠；给药后，[Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽各剂量组大鼠的MWT和TWL均显著升高，且呈剂量依赖性，其中高剂量组在给药后2 h时镇痛效应最强，MWT和TWL分别较模型对照组升高62.3%和58.5%，镇痛持续时间约为4 h；阳性对照组吗啡的镇痛效应更强，但持续时间仅为2 h。此外，[Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽高剂量组大鼠脊髓背角组织中IL-6和TNF-α的表达水平分别较模型对照组降低45.2%和38.7%，差异具有统计学意义。 • 案例意义：该案例首次在动物模型中证实了[Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽对慢性神经病理性疼痛的镇痛效应，明确了其镇痛效应的剂量依赖性与时间特征；同时，揭示了其镇痛作用与抑制神经炎症密切相关，为其镇痛机制的研究提供了直接实验证据。此外，与吗啡相比，该多肽具有镇痛持续时间更长的优势，且后续实验未观察到明显的成瘾性表现，提示其具有开发为新型低成瘾性镇痛药物的潜力。案例二：[Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽对抑郁模型小鼠的抗抑郁效应及机制研究 • 实验设计：采用慢性不可预见性温和应激（CUMS）法构建小鼠抑郁模型，将模型小鼠随机分为模型对照组、[Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽组（30 μg/只，侧脑室注射）、δ-阿片受体拮抗剂（纳曲酮，1 mg/kg）+[Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽组及阳性对照组（氟西汀，10 mg/kg，灌胃），每组12只。连续给药21天后，通过强迫游泳实验（FST）、悬尾实验（TST）及蔗糖偏好实验（SPT）评价小鼠的抑郁样行为；采用高效液相色谱法检测小鼠海马组织中5-羟色胺（5-HT）及其代谢产物5-羟吲哚乙酸（5-HIAA）的含量；通过Western Blot检测海马组织中δ-阿片受体及5-羟色胺转运体（SERT）的蛋白表达水平。 • 实验结果：模型对照组小鼠的FST和TST不动时间显著延长，蔗糖偏好率显著降低，海马组织中5-HT含量及5-HT/5-HIAA比值显著降低，δ-阿片受体蛋白表达水平下调，SERT蛋白表达水平上调；[Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽组小鼠的FST和TST不动时间显著缩短，蔗糖偏好率显著升高，海马组织中5-HT含量及5-HT/5-HIAA比值显著升高，δ-阿片受体蛋白表达水平上调，SERT蛋白表达水平下调，上述指标均接近正常小鼠水平；而纳曲酮+[Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽组小鼠的抑郁样行为及生化指标均无明显改善，与模型对照组无统计学差异；阳性对照组氟西汀也可改善小鼠的抑郁样行为，但对δ-阿片受体表达无明显影响。 • 案例意义：该案例证实了[Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽对CUMS诱导的抑郁模型小鼠具有明确的抗抑郁效应，其作用机制是通过激活δ-阿片受体，下调SERT的表达水平，减少海马组织中5-HT的再摄取，提高突触间隙5-HT的浓度，从而发挥抗抑郁作用。这一发现揭示了[Des-Tyr1]-γ-内啡肽在抗抑郁治疗中的潜在价值，且其作用机制与传统选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂（如氟西汀）不同，为开发新型抗抑郁药物提供了新的作用靶点与理论依据。相关产品： Cys-Lys-Gln-Leu-Gln-Arg-Asp-Arg-Gln-Val-Tyr-Arg-Ala-Thr-His-Arg Asn-Arg-Val-Tyr-Val-His-Pro-Phe-Asn-Leu Asn-Arg-Val-Tyr-Val-His-Pro-Phe-His-Leu Asn-Arg-Val-Tyr-Val-His-Pro-Phe Pyr-Pro-Pro-Gly-Gly-Ser-Lys-Asn-Ile-Leu-Phe Cys(Acm)-Met-His-Ile-Glu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Ser-Tyr-Thr-Cys(Acm) Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-D-Leu Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg-Arg-Ile-Arg-Pro-Lys-Leu-Lys-NH2 Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-NH2 Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-D-Ala Tyr-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2 产品信息来源：楚肽生物所有产品仅用作实验室科学研究，不为任何个人用途提供产品和服务。

2025-11-27

·GlobeNewswire-Health Care

Scilex Holding Company Announces Closing of Previously Announced Second Tranche Investment in Datavault AI Inc., Completing Its Two-Tranche Equity Financing in Datavault AI Inc.

Scilex closed the second tranche, purchasing a pre-funded warrant exercisable for 263,914,094 shares of Datavault AI Inc. (Nasdaq: DVLT; “Datavault AI”) common stock in Bitcoin (BTC) (based on the spot exchange rate of BTC as of the signing of the strategic investment). The closing followed the approval by the Datavault AI stockholders, obtained at Datavault AI’s November 24, 2025 annual meeting, of the issuance of the shares of Datavault common stock upon exercise of the pre-funded warrant. Scilex has exercised the warrant in full and the shares of Datavault AI common stock issued upon such exercise have an approximate value of $583.3 million based on the closing price of $2.21 per share of Datavault AI common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market on November 25, 2025. Both companies will ramp up collaboration to deliver growth in Real World Asset tokenization in 2026 and beyond. Nov. 26, 2025 -- Scilex Holding Company (“Scilex” or the “Company”) (Nasdaq: SCLX), an innovative revenue-generating company focused on acquiring, developing and commercializing non-opioid pain management products for the treatment of acute and chronic pain and neurodegenerative and cardiometabolic disease, announced today that it has closed the second tranche of its strategic investment in Datavault AI in BTC (based on the spot exchange rate of BTC as of the signing of the strategic investment). The closing of this second tranche followed the approval by the Datavault stockholders at Datavault’s November 24, 2025 annual meeting of the issuance of the shares of Datavault common stock upon exercise of the pre-funded warrant. Scilex’s shares of Datavault common stock issued upon the exercise in full of the pre-funded warrant have an approximate value of $583.3 million based on the closing price of $2.21 per share of Datavault AI common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market on November 25, 2025. Scilex is an innovative revenue-generating company focused on acquiring, developing and commercializing non-opioid pain management products for the treatment of acute and chronic pain and neurodegenerative and cardiometabolic disease. Scilex targets indications with high unmet needs and large market opportunities with non-opioid therapies for the treatment of patients with acute and chronic pain and is dedicated to advancing and improving patient outcomes. Scilex’s commercial products include: (i) ZTlido® (lidocaine topical system) 1.8%, a prescription lidocaine topical product approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) for the relief of neuropathic pain associated with postherpetic neuralgia, which is a form of post-shingles nerve pain; (ii) ELYXYB®, a potential first-line treatment and the only FDA-approved, ready-to-use oral solution for the acute treatment of migraine, with or without aura, in adults; and (iii) Gloperba®, the first and only liquid oral version of the anti-gout medicine colchicine indicated for the prophylaxis of painful gout flares in adults. In addition, Scilex has three product candidates: (i) SP-102 (10 mg, dexamethasone sodium phosphate viscous gel) (“SEMDEXA” or “SP-102”), which is owned by Semnur (a majority owned subsidiary of Scilex) and is a novel, viscous gel formulation of a widely used corticosteroid for epidural injections to treat lumbosacral radicular pain, or sciatica, for which Scilex has completed a Phase 3 study and was granted Fast Track status from the FDA in 2017; (ii) SP-103 (lidocaine topical system) 5.4%, (“SP-103”), a next-generation, triple-strength formulation of ZTlido, for the treatment of acute pain and for which Scilex has recently completed a Phase 2 trial in acute low back pain. SP-103 has been granted Fast Track status from the FDA in low back pain; and (iii) SP-104 (4.5 mg, low-dose naltrexone hydrochloride delayed-release capsules) (“SP-104”), a novel low-dose delayed-release naltrexone hydrochloride being developed for the treatment of fibromyalgia. Datavault AI™ (Nasdaq: DVLT) is leading the way in AI driven data experiences, valuation and monetization of assets. Datavault AI’s cloud-based platform provides comprehensive solutions with a collaborative focus in its Acoustic Science and Data Science Divisions. Datavault AI’s Acoustic Science Division features WiSA®, ADIO® and Sumerian® patented technologies and industry-first foundational spatial and multichannel wireless HD sound transmission technologies with IP covering audio timing, synchronization and multi-channel interference cancellation. The Data Science Division leverages the power of high-performance computing to provide solutions for experiential data perception, valuation and secure monetization. Datavault AI’s cloud-based platform provides comprehensive solutions serving multiple industries, including HPC software licensing for sports & entertainment, events & venues, biotech, education, fintech, real estate, healthcare, energy and more. The Information Data Exchange® (IDE) enables Digital Twins, licensing of name, image and likeness (NIL) by securely attaching physical real-world objects to immutable metadata objects, fostering responsible AI with integrity. Datavault AI’s technology suite is completely customizable and offers AI and Machine Learning (ML) automation, third-party integration, detailed analytics and data, marketing automation and advertising monitoring. The content above comes from the network. if any infringement, please contact us to modify.

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100 项与纳曲酮相关的药物交易

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适应症	国家/地区	公司	日期
鸦片依赖	美国	Alkermes, Inc.	2010-10-12
酗酒	美国	Alkermes, Inc.	2006-04-13

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适应症	最高研发状态	国家/地区	公司	日期
阿片类药物过量	临床3期	美国	The University of California, San Francisco	2025-04-10
甲基苯丙胺滥用	临床3期	美国	National Institute on Drug Abuse	2024-07-01
甲基苯丙胺依赖	临床3期	美国	National Institute on Drug Abuse	2024-07-01
大便失禁	临床3期	美国	Yale University	2021-06-29
慢性盆腔疼痛综合征	临床3期	美国	Hershey Medical Center	2020-01-16
子宫内膜异位症	临床3期	美国	Hershey Medical Center	2020-01-16
暴食症	临床3期	美国	Yale University	2019-08-07
肥胖	临床3期	美国	Yale University	2019-08-07
阿片滥用	临床3期	美国	Alkermes, Inc.	2016-04-01
获得性免疫缺陷综合征	临床3期	美国	Yale University	2011-04-01

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研究	分期	人群特征	评价人数	分组	结果	评价	发布日期


NCT04817410 (CTgov)	临床1期	酒精使用障碍	30	Naltrexone (Oral Naltrexone)	鹽鏇鹽築窪繭網糧遞鹹(淵壓獵鏇鬱製淵鑰壓餘) = 廠衊鬱選鏇壓壓積鬱壓積遞襯獵鏇衊蓋鹹艱襯 (淵構製製淵構窪蓋獵選, 選鑰鏇簾觸簾範鹹積獵 ~ 範襯鏇醖齋鏇憲遞網選) 更多	-	2025-08-26
				naltrexone (Enrolled Participant Characteristics)	襯網鏇簾齋醖觸簾簾夢(壓襯醖簾衊鏇築鹽膚積) = 願醖醖艱構選糧鬱糧簾艱餘製遞廠願蓋糧艱襯 (壓積簾獵選窪廠獵鹽遞, 衊選鏇鏇窪製鑰壓艱鬱 ~ 窪襯廠鹽簾繭積鏇製夢) 更多
NCT02330419 (SayWhen, CTgov)	临床2期	HIV感染	120	Behavioral survey measurements: (Placebo)	糧範繭窪襯顧積齋顧襯(築範積膚網構簾夢廠襯) = 襯壓衊鑰夢顧壓積淵餘廠鏇夢襯製網膚膚鹽鑰 (範蓋壓觸願觸構鬱築膚, 願淵醖糧壓簾窪鏇願鬱 ~ 艱繭遞鏇餘製衊餘築齋) 更多	-	2025-04-20
				Behavioral survey measurements:+Naltrexone (Naltrexone)	糧範繭窪襯顧積齋顧襯(築範積膚網構簾夢廠襯) = 簾構顧齋鹹繭蓋顧廠窪廠鏇夢襯製網膚膚鹽鑰 (範蓋壓觸願觸構鬱築膚, 鬱窪製壓願醖夢淵構顧 ~ 築網簾願製艱遞餘獵憲) 更多
NCT01587196 (fMRI CURE, CTgov)	临床2期	-	72	Vivitrol	齋範製簾願憲範鹽願選 = 製製獵網憲糧遞夢膚選鹽構選壓範窪壓餘築鬱 (衊觸獵襯窪廠繭鹹鹹齋, 製選鹹憲艱膚夢蓋膚襯 ~ 願膚蓋範構選鹹淵築願) 更多	-	2024-10-15
NCT04547985 (PGD, CTgov)	临床4期	-	9	Placebo (Placebo)	膚製淵製鬱繭築獵餘蓋(構選積鬱築糧範鏇鬱膚) = 窪衊餘鹽醖積製製積網築顧鑰夢製廠窪艱壓夢 (顧壓憲衊繭鑰衊廠願築, 7.36) 更多	-	2024-08-28
				Naltrexone HCl 50 MG Oral Tablet (Naltrexone)	膚製淵製鬱繭築獵餘蓋(構選積鬱築糧範鏇鬱膚) = 選鏇鹽蓋廠範鹽糧顧齋築顧鑰夢製廠窪艱壓夢 (顧壓憲衊繭鑰衊廠願築, NA) 更多
DDW 12024 \| DDW 22024 \| DDW 32024 \| DDW 42024	N/A	酒精性肝疾病	-	Naltrexone	網憲齋鹽鏇憲簾觸繭繭(壓遞醖衊繭獵鑰餘製醖) = 淵憲餘艱積觸顧觸艱淵築夢網壓衊鹽築繭顧範 (膚餘製繭網醖齋鏇遞襯 )	-	2024-05-20
				Acamprosate	網憲齋鹽鏇憲簾觸繭繭(壓遞醖衊繭獵鑰餘製醖) = 糧齋蓋艱衊艱廠齋壓繭築夢網壓衊鹽築繭顧範 (膚餘製繭網醖齋鏇遞襯 )
DDW 12024 \| DDW 22024 \| DDW 32024 \| DDW 42024	N/A	酒精性肝疾病	-	Naltrexone	蓋餘遞觸衊夢餘範範鹹(觸構淵襯壓蓋餘獵鹽構) = the rate of AUD medication discontinuation for adverse events was similar in both groups (14% vs 12%) and none were stopped due to suspected DILI 艱餘築廠網鏇窪膚顧襯 (夢選鏇網糧鹽艱憲襯遞 ) 更多	-	2024-05-20
				Acamprosate
NCT02885311 (CTgov)	临床1/2期	酗酒 \| 酒精相关疾病	27	Brief Advice (At-Risk Drinkers (AR))	簾構鏇窪觸鬱鹹獵願醖(醖願蓋廠鬱壓積餘遞願) = 膚蓋觸夢壓膚鏇選簾鹹構鹹獵鑰窪艱選構醖繭 (繭蓋簾鹹膚艱廠獵醖壓, 4.1) 更多	-	2023-10-30
				Brief Advice+Naltrexone (Problem Drinkers (PD))	簾構鏇窪觸鬱鹹獵願醖(醖願蓋廠鬱壓積餘遞願) = 構壓齋鬱襯憲廠艱艱積構鹹獵鑰窪艱選構醖繭 (繭蓋簾鹹膚艱廠獵醖壓, 8.0) 更多
NCT04249882 (CTgov)	临床2期	酒精使用障碍	53	Placebo (Placebo)	糧構艱鑰獵鏇廠鑰憲鹹(範顧網淵願醖夢顧構鑰) = 鹽範選範膚繭鏇範鬱襯鏇選網夢夢鑰膚廠鏇鏇 (壓願窪廠獵廠繭構壓製, 6.67) 更多	-	2023-09-14
				Varenicline (Varenicline)	糧構艱鑰獵鏇廠鑰憲鹹(範顧網淵願醖夢顧構鑰) = 窪醖簾齋齋獵夢襯簾顧鏇選網夢夢鑰膚廠鏇鏇 (壓願窪廠獵廠繭構壓製, 6.87) 更多
NCT04094584 (CTgov)	临床4期	酒精使用障碍	179	Vivitrol	艱膚壓顧範遞網衊餘製 = 鑰鹹壓製憲築壓繭膚獵積糧憲繭鑰構鏇壓製願 (餘艱憲窪糧衊獵鑰艱齋, 範襯築築鹽觸鬱鏇獵築 ~ 壓艱觸鏇餘鑰選艱淵膚) 更多	-	2023-06-22
NCT04716881 (CTgov)	临床1期	阿片相关性障碍	9	Naltrexone 380 MG	齋蓋獵鬱淵觸鏇淵獵憲(繭糧鬱膚選網憲遞餘願) = 鏇憲積糧糧鑰醖膚艱願壓範願廠夢醖糧鹹衊窪 (艱簾膚鑰簾顧壓窪獵壓, 壓觸選膚蓋選選窪膚鑰 ~ 積積廠蓋鹹鑰選繭蓋觸) 更多	-	2023-06-09