AbstractBackgroundAmiselimod is an investigational oral, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator (highest affinity for S1P1, followed by S1P5) whose immunomodulatory mechanism of action includes decreasing circulating peripheral lymphocytes. The study objective was to assess the endoscopic/histologic outcomes of 2 dose regimens of amiselimod for mild to moderate UC.MethodsPatients (age, 18-75 y) with mild to moderate UC (modified Mayo Score [MMS], 3-8) with an endoscopic subscore of ≥2 and active disease extending ≥15 cm from anal verge were enrolled in a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients were randomly assigned to: (1) amiselimod 0.4 mg once daily (QD) for 2 weeks (loading dose), then 0.2 mg QD for 10 weeks (group A); (2) amiselimod 0.8 mg QD for 2 weeks (loading dose), then 0.4 mg QD for 10 weeks (group B); or (3) placebo QD. Stable maintained doses of oral/rectal 5-aminosalicylate or oral corticosteroids (≤20 mg/day prednisolone dose equivalent) were permitted. Endpoints included change from baseline in MMS (primary), and percentage of patients with endoscopic improvement (Mayo endoscopic subscore ≤1 [secondary]), histologic remission (Geboes index score of <2.0 [original Geboes Score; exploratory]), or mucosal healing (Mayo endoscopic subscore ≤1 and Geboes index score of <2.0; exploratory) at Week 12.ResultsA total of 321 patients were included (107 per group). For groups A, B, and placebo, the mean (SD) age was 40.6 (14.5) y, 41.6 (12.4) y, and 40.5 (12.4) y, respectively; 41.1%, 40.2%, and 43.0% were female, respectively. Most patients had moderate UC (80.4%, 79.4%, and 79.4%, respectively) and the baseline median (range) MMS score was 6 (3-8) for each group. For the primary endpoint, a significant improvement in mean MMS from baseline at Week 12 was observed for Group A (-2.3) and Group B (-2.3) vs placebo (-1.6; P<0.01 for both vs placebo). Both amiselimod groups had a significantly larger percentage of patients with endoscopic improvement vs placebo at Week 12 (P<0.01 for both vs placebo; Figure). Significantly higher rates of histologic remission were achieved in patients in both amiselimod groups vs placebo at Week 12 (P≤0.03 for both vs placebo; Figure). As well, significantly more patients in Group A (15.0%) and Group B (15.9%) vs placebo (5.6%) had mucosal healing at Week 12 (P=0.02 for both vs placebo).The most common haematologic adverse events with amiselimod (group A, group B) vs placebo were leucopenia (8.4%, 15.9% vs 0%), anaemia (5.6%, 3.7% vs 3.7%), and neutropenia (1.9%, 5.6% vs 0%).ConclusionBoth 12-week dosing regimens of amiselimod for UC were superior to placebo for inducing mucosal improvement and histologic healing with a favourable safety profile.