Chronic prostatitis

▎药明康德内容团队报道6月20日，中国国家药品监督管理局（NMPA）宣布批准了3款医疗器械，分别是：1）慧康精密仪器公司（下称慧康医疗）生产的冲击波治疗仪，用于轻中度血管性勃起功能障碍的辅助治疗；2）术锐机器人公司生产的腹腔内窥镜单孔手术系统，用于泌尿外科腹腔镜手术操作；3）睿谱外科系统公司生产的头颈部X射线立体定向放射外科治疗系统，用于颅内和颈部实体恶性肿瘤和病变的放射治疗。慧康医疗：冲击波治疗仪适应症：勃起功能障碍截图来源：NMPA官网慧康医疗生产的冲击波治疗仪由主机（含冲击波源、水处理装置、定位架、台车）、治疗头（含水囊）、脚踏开关（选配）组成，用于轻中度血管性勃起功能障碍的辅助治疗。该产品通过低能量冲击波作用于人体阴茎部位产生刺激作用，实现促进血管生长的目的。与其他现行治疗方法相比，该产品简单、无创、副作用小，可进一步降低临床治疗费用，提高患者生活质量。据慧康医疗公开资料介绍，低能量冲击波治疗从生理上改善阴茎血管缺陷，是治疗血管性勃起功能障碍的首选方案之一，适用于口服药物有效或者口服药物无效的患者，特别是糖尿病引起的血管性勃起功能障碍口服药物无效的患者；它还能有效治疗阴茎硬结症、慢性前列腺炎，总有效率在70%至80%。术锐机器人：腹腔内窥镜单孔手术系统适应症：泌尿外科腹腔镜手术操作截图来源：NMPA官网术锐机器人公司生产的腹腔内窥镜单孔手术系统由医生控制台、患者手术平台、三维电子腹腔内窥镜、手术器械及附件组成，用于泌尿外科腹腔镜手术操作。根据NMPA官网公示，这是中国首个内窥镜单孔手术系统，其手术器械采用创新技术，具有运动范围广、负载能力强和可靠性高等技术优势。根据NMPA公示，这款产品以单孔的方式实施手术，内窥镜及手术器械具有多个主动自由度，仅手术器械在患者腹腔内的运动即可完成手术操作，体外定位臂在遥操作过程中保持静止，避免了术中相互碰撞的风险。利用其特有操控系统进行控制，可提高操作者精细化水平，减少手术创伤。睿谱外科系统公司：头颈部X射线立体定向放射外科治疗系统适应症：颅内和颈部实体恶性肿瘤和病变截图来源：NMPA官网睿谱外科系统公司生产的头颈部X射线立体定向放射外科治疗系统由3MV医用直线加速器、倾斜轴和垂直轴机架、X射线高压发生器、X射线管组件、X射线探测器、治疗床、空压机、主电源、副电源、水冷系统、悬吊式控制台、操作者控制台、治疗计划软件组成，用于颅内和颈部实体恶性肿瘤和病变的放射治疗。据NMPA公示，这款产品的自屏蔽结构设计将辐射水平限制在可接受的安全阈值范围内，降低了医院机房建设成本，不需建设防护墙，加快了产品安装周期。另外，这款产品使用的钨轮准直器和优化的直线加速器保证了较高的剂量准确性，减少了辐射泄漏，实现辐射束半影最小化，使更多的辐射剂量到达肿瘤区域，降低肿瘤周围正常组织的辐射量，具有一定临床优势。参考资料：[1]冲击波治疗仪获批上市 . Retrieved Jun 20, 2023. From https://www.nmpa.gov.cn/yaowen/ypjgyw/20230620152540184.html[2]腹腔内窥镜单孔手术系统获批上市 . Retrieved Jun 20, 2023. From https://www.nmpa.gov.cn/yaowen/ypjgyw/20230620152651119.html[3]头颈部X射线立体定向放射外科治疗系统获批上市 . Retrieved Jun 20, 2023. From https://www.nmpa.gov.cn/yaowen/ypjgyw/20230620152803164.html[4]低能量冲击波帮您解决“男”言之隐 . Retrieved Nov 11, 2021. From https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/tmDsQFftyNCQAm2uLtzljg本文由药明康德内容团队根据公开资料整理编辑，欢迎个人转发至朋友圈。转发授权请在「医药观澜」微信公众号留言联系我们。其他合作需求，请联系wuxi_media@wuxiapptec.com。免责声明：药明康德内容团队专注介绍全球生物医药健康研究进展。本文仅作信息交流之目的，文中观点不代表药明康德立场，亦不代表药明康德支持或反对文中观点。本文也不是治疗方案推荐。如需获得治疗方案指导，请前往正规医院就诊。

WEDNESDAY, May 31, 2023 -- When most men think about their prostate, it's to worry about whether they have prostate cancer or not. But another condition is far more common and plenty painful. Prostatitis involves inflammation of the prostate gland and sometimes the areas around it. Not only is prostatitis highly treatable, but it is highly prevalent among men. According to the Prostate Cancer Foundation, it is the leading cause of urinary tract infections in men, resulting in approximately 2 million doctor's visits each year in the United States . In fact, it's estimated that half of all men will experience prostatitis at some point. The U.S. National Center for Health Statistics further reveals that about 25% of men who seek medical attention for urological problems exhibit symptoms of prostatitis. Here, experts give the rundown on prostatitis, including its various types, causes, common symptoms and available treatments. What is prostatitis? Prostatitis, a condition characterized by the inflammation of the prostate gland, is known for its frequent and often debilitating pain. According to the Cleveland Clinic , it is a complex condition that can lead to various symptoms, including infection, inflammation and pain. Two types of prostatitis are associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs), while the remaining types may not have an infectious origin. Regardless of the type, prostatitis is commonly recognized for the intense pain its sufferers feel, which can significantly impact a man's quality of life. Types of prostatitis According to the U.S. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, there are four distinct types of prostatitis , each with its own characteristics: Chronic prostatitis or chronic pelvic pain syndrome: This prostatitis is characterized by symptoms that start gradually and linger over a couple of weeks . It may also involve urinary symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency and difficulty emptying the bladder. Acute bacterial prostatitis: Acute bacterial prostatitis is caused by a bacterial infection in the prostate gland. It starts suddenly with severe pain in the pelvic region, fever, chills and difficulty urinating. StatPearls indicates that acute bacterial prostatitis is rare; when it occurs, it is often associated with bladder obstruction or an immunocompromised state . Chronic bacterial prostatitis: Unlike the acute form, chronic bacterial prostatitis is a persistent infection that may recur over an extended period. It shares symptoms with acute bacterial prostatitis, but is characterized by milder pain and discomfort. Harvard Health states that chronic bacterial infection accounts for a small percentage of cases of chronic prostatitis . Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis: As the name suggests, men with this prostatitis do not experience any symptoms . It is often diagnosed incidentally during tests for other urinary or reproductive tract disorders. Fortunately, asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis does not lead to complications and typically does not require treatment. Prostatitis causes According to the U.S. National Institutes of Health , the causes of prostatitis vary depending on the specific type of the condition: Chronic prostatitis or chronic pelvic pain syndrome: The exact cause of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome remains unknown. It is widely believed that a microorganism, not a bacterial infection, may be responsible for triggering the condition. Acute and chronic bacterial prostatitis: Bacterial prostatitis is caused by an infection in the prostate gland. The infection is believed to occur when bacteria travel from the urethra (the tube through which urine passes) into the prostate, leading to inflammation and associated symptoms. It’s important to know that acute bacterial prostatitis can be caused by various types of bacteria commonly associated with urinary tract infections . Additionally, prostatitis can also result from infections transmitted through sexual contact. However, “you don't need to avoid sex if you have prostatitis. Typically, sex won't worsen prostatitis. But some men who have prostatitis have pain with ejaculation,” Dr. Patricio Gargollo , a urologist with the Mayo Clinic, said in a recent article . Prostatitis symptoms Prostatitis has many symptoms that can significantly impact a man's daily life and well-being, especially when left untreated. Here are some common symptoms associated with prostatitis , according to Johns Hopkins Medicine: Frequent urination Dysuria (a burning or stinging sensation during urination, making it uncomfortable or painful) Reduced urine flow Rectal pain or pressure Fever and chills Lower back or pelvic pain Urethral discharge during bowel movements Erectile dysfunction or decreased sex drive Uncomfortable sensations in the rectal or genital area Also, the symptoms of prostatitis can mimic those of other medical conditions or issues. Therefore, seeking medical advice from a health care provider for an accurate diagnosis is important. Prostatitis treatment The treatment for prostatitis is determined by age, overall health, medical history, the severity of the condition, individual tolerance for specific treatments, expected duration and patient preference. The specific type of prostatitis also plays a significant role in determining the appropriate treatment. Here are some general treatment options for prostatitis, followed by specific treatments based on the different types of prostatitis. Treatment for prostatitis typically involves a combination of approaches to relieve symptoms, eliminate infection (if present), reduce inflammation and improve overall prostate health. These may include: Medications Alpha blockers Pain relievers Physical therapy But more specifically, the type of treatment recommended is typically based on the different types of prostatitis. Johns Hopkins Medicine indicates typical treatments for prostatitis as follows : Acute bacterial prostatitis: Hospitalization may require administering intravenous antibiotics and providing supportive care. Oral antibiotics are typically prescribed for a few weeks after hospitalization, to wipe out the infection. Chronic bacterial prostatitis: Similar to acute bacterial prostatitis, long-term antibiotic therapy is necessary. This can range from several weeks to months to effectively treat persistent infection. Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: Treatment focuses on managing symptoms. It may include medications for pain relief, alpha blockers to relax the muscles, physical therapy and lifestyle modifications to ease symptoms. Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis: Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis generally does not require treatment unless there are specific complications or underlying conditions. Posted May 2023