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更新于：2026-04-13

Cabozantinib (s)-Malate

苹果酸卡博替尼

更新于：2026-04-13

概要

基本信息

药物类型

小分子化药

别名

cabozantinib、Cabozantinib Malate、Cabozantinib s-malate (USAN)

+ [10]

靶点

AXL x RET x ROS1 x TYRO3 x Tie-2 x TrkB x VEGFR1 x VEGFR2 x VEGFR3 x c-Kit x c-Met

作用方式

抑制剂、拮抗剂

作用机制

AXL抑制剂(AXL受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂)、RET抑制剂(酪氨酸蛋白激酶受体RET抑制剂)、ROS1抑制剂(原癌基因酪氨酸蛋白激酶ROS抑制剂)

治疗领域

肿瘤消化系统疾病内分泌与代谢疾病+ [11]

在研适应症

神经内分泌肿瘤高分化胰腺内分泌肿瘤胰腺外神经内分泌肿瘤+ [190]

非在研适应症

晚期胆管癌晚期乳腺癌甲状腺未分化癌+ [43]

原研机构

Exelixis, Inc.

在研机构

National Cancer Institute

Exelixis, Inc.

Bristol Myers Squibb Co.

+ [19]

非在研机构

University of Washington

江苏豪森药业集团有限公司Merck Healthcare KGaA

+ [2]

权益机构

Ipsen SA

Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

+ [7]

最高研发阶段批准上市

首次获批日期

美国 (2012-11-29),

甲状腺髓样癌

最高研发阶段(中国)临床3期

特殊审评优先审评 (美国)、突破性疗法 (美国)、孤儿药 (美国)、快速通道 (美国)

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结构/序列

分子式C32H30FN3O10

InChIKeyHFCFMRYTXDINDK-WNQIDUERSA-N

CAS号1140909-48-3

关联

283

项与苹果酸卡博替尼相关的临床试验

NCT06502171

/ Not yet recruiting临床1期IIT

A Phase 1/1b/2 Study of Cabozantinib in Combination With Selumetinib for Plexiform Neurofibroma in Adults and Adolescents With Neurofibromatosis Type 1

Based on the clinical activity of both selumetinib and cabozantinib as monotherapies in clinical trials, the demonstrated activity of these agents in reduced doses in preclinical studies, and the non-overlapping toxicity profiles, the study will assess the tolerability and efficacy of selumetinib and cabozantinib in combination in participants with NF1 ≥16 years old with progressive and/or symptomatic PN in a phase 1/1b/2 clinical trial.
Trial Design Phase 1 This will be an open label, dose escalation phase. Dose level escalation will be determined by a rolling six design. In this design, up to 6 participants can be enrolled at a given dose level and then evaluated for dose limiting toxicity (DLT) within the DLT window. The DLT window is defined as 16 weeks in this study based on the long half-life of cabozantinib and the desire to have maximum confidence about long-term tolerability of the combination prior to proceeding to the next dose level.
Phase 1b Once the recommended phase 2 dose has been determined in phase 1, an expanded cohort of 12 participants will be enrolled in phase 1b portion of the study.
Phase 2 This will be an open label, single-arm phase using the recommended phase 2 dose.

开始日期2026-08-01

申办/合作机构

The University of Alabama at Birmingham

[+2]

NCT07383441

/ Not yet recruiting临床3期IIT

Phase III Double Blinded Trial of Immune-Based Therapy With a Live Biotherapeutic MO-03 or Placebo for Frontline Therapy of Advanced Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma [BioFront Trial]

This phase III trial compares the effect of adding live biotherapy, MO-03, to standard of care (SOC) immunotherapy, including ipilimumab, nivolumab, axitinib, pembrolizumab, cabozantinib, and lenvatinib, to SOC immunotherapy alone in treating patients with clear cell renal cell cancer that may have spread from where it first started (primary site) to nearby tissue, lymph nodes, or distant parts of the body (advanced) or that has spread from where it first started to other places in the body (metastatic). Studies have shown that gut health (the gut microbiome) may impact the effectiveness of immunotherapy. The microbiome includes all of the bacteria and organisms naturally found in the digestive tract. MO-03, a type of biotherapy, contains material from living organisms that may help keep the digestive tract healthy and may help to increase the effect of immunotherapy. Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, such as ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, may help the body's immune system attack the tumor, and may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. Axitinib, cabozantinib, and lenvatinib are a type of angiogenesis inhibitor and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that block certain proteins which may help keep tumor cells from growing and may also help prevent the growth of new blood vessels that tumors need to grow. Adding MO-03 to SOC immunotherapy may be more effective than SOC immunotherapy alone in treating patients with advanced or metastatic clear cell renal cell cancer.

开始日期2026-06-10

申办/合作机构

SWOG

[+1]

NCT07293351

/ Recruiting临床1/2期

ROSETTA RCC-208: A Phase 1/2 Open-label, Multi-center, Randomized Study of Pumitamig Alone or in Combination With Ipilimumab or Cabozantinib in Participants With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC)

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of Pumitamig alone or in combination with Ipilimumab or Cabozantinib in participants with advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC)

开始日期2026-04-30

申办/合作机构

Bristol Myers Squibb Co.

[+1]

100 项与苹果酸卡博替尼相关的临床结果

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100 项与苹果酸卡博替尼相关的转化医学

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100 项与苹果酸卡博替尼相关的专利（医药）

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2,213

项与苹果酸卡博替尼相关的文献（医药）

2026-06-01·BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Cabozantinib inhibits necroptosis by targeting MLKL oligomerization and alleviates psoriasis in vivo

Article

作者: Lin, Yingying ; Huang, Yukai ; Chen, Xuan ; Liu, Xingfeng ; Lin, Chuibing ; Li, Jingyi ; Zhao, Mingyuan ; Li, Lisheng ; Li, Yan ; Huang, Wenyang ; Zhang, Libo ; He, Rui ; Huang, Fangmin ; Lin, Qiaofa ; Sun, Yu ; Li, Yanzhen

Necroptosis is a regulated form of cell death characterized by inflammation, driven by activation and oligomerization of mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), which disrupts the plasma membrane and triggers release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Most current necroptosis inhibitors target upstream kinases, such as receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) or RIPK3, but their limited specificity and cytotoxicity restrict therapeutic potential. Here, we report the repurposing of cabozantinib, a clinically approved multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor, as a novel inhibitor of necroptosis. Mechanistic studies reveal that cabozantinib acts downstream of necrosome assembly and phosphorylation events, selectively blocking MLKL oligomerization, thereby preventing necroptotic execution and DAMPs release. In an imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model, cabozantinib markedly reduced epidermal hyperplasia and inflammatory cytokine expression, demonstrating therapeutic efficacy in vivo. These findings establish cabozantinib as a clinically used kinase inhibitor that directly interferes with MLKL oligomerization, highlighting its potential for drug repurposing in necroptosis-driven inflammatory diseases.

2026-05-01·INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER

Real‐world efficacy and toxicity of ipilimumab and nivolumab as a first‐line treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma according to IMDC risk criteria—A multi‐center retrospective analysis on behalf of the GUARDIANS group

Article

作者: Christopher Gossler ; Marit Ahrens ; Can D. Aydogdu ; Jozefina Casuscelli ; Julie Steinestel ; Stephanie Neuberger ; Linus Materna ; Katrin Schlack ; Timo Egenolf ; Florian Kirchhoff ; Philipp Ivanyi ; Richard Cathomas ; Berna C. Özdemir ; Pia Paffenholz ; Hendrik Dinkel ; Ramona Stelmach ; Matteo Silberg ; Marc Rehlinghaus ; Viktor Grünwald ; Stefanie Zschäbitz ; Thomas Hilser ; Arne Strauss

Abstract:

Ipilimumab and nivolumab are recommended as first‐line therapy for patients with metastatic or advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) and International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium (IMDC) intermediate or poor risk. We retrospectively evaluated efficacy and safety in a multi‐center real‐world cohort with 356 patients initiating ipilimumab and nivolumab from 17 centers in Germany and Switzerland. Median age was 64 years, most patients were male (69.1%) and had clear cell histology (74.1%). IMDC risk was intermediate in 61.8% and poor in 28.7%. About 37.1% of cases did not meet the inclusion criteria for the CheckMate 214 pivotal study (e.g., poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [Performance Status Scale] [ECOG] status, comorbidities, brain metastases, and impaired renal function). After a median follow‐up of 17.5 months, complete response was seen in 8.7%, partial response in 28.7% of patients. Median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 8 (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.4–10.6) and median overall survival (OS) 39 months (95% CI 27.5–50.5). Subgroup analysis of patients with non‐clear cell histology showed a shorter PFS and OS. Other negative predictors were poor ECOG, fewer induction cycles, ineligibility to pivotal study, and hepatic metastases. Adverse events occurred in 76.4% of patients (35.4% ≥ grade 3). High‐dose corticosteroids were applied in 27.3% of cases. Cabozantinib was most frequently administered (63.4%) as subsequent therapy and showed superior OS and PFS compared to other second‐line options. Our data support ipilimumab and nivolumab as a first‐line treatment of aRCC with robust efficacy and safety. Patient selection was less restrictive in our clinical practice and may explain differences to CheckMate 214 trial.

2026-04-01·LUNG CANCER

RET Fusion–Positive Lung Adenocarcinoma: Partner-Specific Clinicopathological Characteristics, Co-Mutation Profiles, and Implications for Targeted and Immunotherapy

Article

作者: Wang, Bingzhi ; Gao, Lina ; Ying, Jianming ; Liu, Tianyi ; Li, Weihua ; Guo, Lei ; Zhao, Zuxuan ; Sun, Zihan ; Xu, Jiaxi

BACKGROUND:

RET fusions represent actionable oncogenic drivers in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the clinicopathological features, co-mutation landscape, and therapeutic outcomes across different fusion partners remain incompletely characterized.

METHODS:

We retrospectively analyzed 268 patients with RET fusion-positive LUAD diagnosed between July 2017 and December 2024. Clinicopathological features, metastatic patterns, and concomitant genomic alterations were compared between KIF5B and non-KIF5B subgroups. Treatment outcomes of selective RET inhibitors, multikinase inhibitors (MKIs), and immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy were evaluated, with subgroup analyses according to fusion partners.

RESULTS:

The median age at diagnosis was 58 years; most patients were female (57.0%) and never/light smokers (60.8%). Bone (12.3%), pleural (11.9%), and brain metastases (6.7%) were the most common metastatic sites. KIF5B-RET fusions were more frequently detected in earlier disease stages compared with non-KIF5B (p = 0.0531). Among 274 RET fusion events, KIF5B-RET was predominant (65%), followed by CCDC6-RET (16%) and NCOA4-RET (1%). Concomitant mutations were identified in 28.7% of patients, most commonly TP53 (39.0%) and CDKN2A (13.0%), with CDKN2A alterations predominantly consisting of functionally inactivating SNVs concurrent with shallow deletions more enriched in non-KIF5B (p = 0.0393). Nineteen patients received targeted therapy, including pralsetinib, selpercatinib, and cabozantinib, achieving an overall ORR of 57.9% and mPFS of 12.0 months. Notably, non-KIF5B patients demonstrated longer median PFS than KIF5B patients under pralsetinib (17.0 vs. 5.5 months, p = 0.0473). Fifteen patients received first-line immunochemotherapy, achieving a median PFS of 17.0 months, ORR of 40.0%, and DCR of 80.0%, comparable to targeted therapy (p = 0.3871).

CONCLUSIONS:

RET fusion-positive LUAD comprises biologically heterogeneous subsets defined by fusion partners. KIF5B-RET tend to occur at earlier stages, whereas non-KIF5B are more frequently associated with CDKN2A co-mutations and may derive greater benefit from selective RET inhibition. Immunochemotherapy demonstrates comparable efficacy regardless of fusion partner, highlighting the need for partner-specific therapeutic strategies in RET fusion-positive LUAD.

963

项与苹果酸卡博替尼相关的新闻（医药）

2026-04-11

·ioncology

FRUSICA-2病例启示第3期丨呋喹替尼联合信迪利单抗二线治疗肾透明细胞癌：6周达到PR，PFS持续超过37个月

编者按晚期肾癌靶向治疗与免疫治疗的进展改善了晚期肾癌患者的生存预后，但对于一线酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（TKI）治疗失败的患者，二线采用靶向联合免疫治疗的方案既往缺乏高级别循证医学证据。2025年欧洲肿瘤内科学会（ESMO）年会报道的III期FRUSICA-2研究结果展现了呋喹替尼联合信迪利单抗在晚期肾癌二线治疗的疗效和安全性方面的潜力。本期将分享一例来自FRUSICA-2研究的晚期肾透明细胞癌病例，该患者一线TKI治疗后疾病进展，二线接受呋喹替尼联合信迪利单抗治疗，首次疗效评估即达到疾病缓解，截至报道前最近一次（2026年4月）随访，部分缓解（PR）已持续超过37个月，且治疗期间患者耐受性良好，未见严重不良事件以及免疫相关不良事件，为该治疗策略的临床应用提供了有价值的实践参考。（提示注意：以下病例简评仅系相关主治医生在执业过程中的病情回顾与评述，供医生读者科学交流和参考。个体病例通常具有差异性，具体治疗方案及用药应当结合个体情况作出，并严格遵循医嘱。）病例介绍基本情况患者男，68岁。主诉左肾透明细胞癌术后18个月，因“左腰痛”就诊发现转移，一线靶向治疗后进展。现病史 2020年9月：因“体检发现左肾占位2年”外院就诊，全身评估提示双肺微小结节，未见明确转移。行腹腔镜下左肾根治性切除术，术后病理提示为肾透明细胞癌，Fuhrman分级I-II级，肿瘤侵犯肾窦脂肪，综合诊断为pT3aN0M0。当时无明确临床研究证据支持术后辅助帕博利珠单抗治疗，故术后未行辅助治疗，未规律复查。 2022年3月：患者因“左腰痛”复查。胸部CT提示双肺微小结节，较前未见明显变化；腹盆MR示：左侧腹膜后多发结节及肿块影，较大者约5.7cm*5.1cm；考虑患者诊断为转移性肾透明细胞癌，IV期，IMDC评分0分，低危组。予培唑帕尼一线治疗8个月，最佳疗效SD。 2022年11月：MR示左侧腹膜后多发结节及肿块影，较前略增大，6.1*5.5cm，另可见邻近左侧后腹膜多发DWI异常信号结节，较前新发，较大者2.4*2.1cm，考虑疾病进展（PD）。上下滑动查看更多内容既往史既往糖尿病史、双足双手散发湿疹病史，控制好。当前诊断肾透明细胞癌腹膜转移（IV期），IMDC评分0分，低危组。治疗经过治疗过程患者在一线培唑帕尼治疗8个月后进展，治疗期间出现2-3级腹泻、1-2级手足皮肤反应、2级高血压。患者于2023年1月29日入组“评价呋喹替尼联合信迪利单抗对比阿昔替尼或依维莫司单药二线治疗局部晚期或转移性肾细胞癌的疗效和安全性的多中心、随机、开放、阳性对照的II/Ⅲ期临床研究（FRUSICA-2研究）”。 2023年1月开始使用呋喹替尼联合信迪利单抗方案，具体方案为：呋喹替尼5mg，po，qd，D1-14＋信迪利单抗200mg，ivgtt，D1，q3w。患者基线肿瘤负荷为128.5mm。 2023年3月：用药6周（C2）后首次肿评，肿瘤负荷减少至76.8mm，达到PR。 2023年11月：治疗10个月（C15）评估，肿瘤负荷减少至41mm，维持PR。 2025年1月：序贯为呋喹替尼单药（5mg，po，qd，D1-14，q3w）治疗。 2026年4月：持续维持PR，PFS超过37个月。上下滑动查看更多内容安全性用药期间耐受良好，尿蛋白1+（尿蛋白定量0.08~0.15g/24h），偶有腹泻，血糖控制稳定，未见免疫相关不良事件。 2023年1月，基线（左右滑动查看更多图片） 2023年3月，初始应答（左右滑动查看更多图片） 2023年11月，最深应答（左右滑动查看更多图片）病例小结患者初诊时68岁，2020年9月因“体检发现左肾占位2年”行腹腔镜下左肾根治性切除术，术后病理提示为肾透明细胞癌，pT3aN0M0，未行术后辅助治疗、未规律复查。2022年3月胸腹盆CT示腹膜后转移，IMDC评分0分，低危组。随后予一线培唑帕尼治疗，最佳疗效SD，2022年11月PD。于2023年1月经筛选进入Ⅲ期FRUSICA-2临床研究，开始接受呋喹替尼联合信迪利单抗二线治疗，用药6周（C2）后首次肿评即实现疗效PR(缩瘤率40.2%)，用药10个月时缩瘤率近七成(68%)，并维持上述水平至今，PFS已经超过37个月，在二线治疗中实现了长期无进展生存。同时，患者对呋喹替尼联合信迪利单抗方案耐受性良好，仅见轻微蛋白尿和偶然腹泻，未见其他不良反应，也未见免疫治疗相关不良反应。该方案有望为TKI经治的晚期肾癌患者带来新的选择，为实现长期生存提供可能性。病例提供者，北京大学第一医院泌尿外科杨恺惟纵览转移性肾透明细胞癌的治疗格局，一线治疗需根据IMDC或MSKCC预后模型评估的风险度分层决定治疗方案。针对低危人群，《中国临床肿瘤学会（CSCO）肾癌诊疗指南2025》[1]推荐舒尼替尼、培唑帕尼等单药治疗，针对中高危人群则推荐阿昔替尼联合特瑞普利单抗等联合治疗方案。该患者一线治疗时IMDC评分0分，为低危转移性肾透明细胞癌，故一线采用培唑帕尼治疗，但患者于8个月后再次疾病进展。对于一线TKI治疗失败的人群，既往推荐抗血管生成类药物包括阿昔替尼、依维莫司等， mPFS为3.8个月~6.7个月[2,3]。后续出现的双靶联合方案如依维莫司联合伏罗尼布疗效较单靶有所提升，mPFS达到10.0个月，仍有提升空间[4]。与此同时，尽管靶向联合免疫治疗在一线治疗领域取得了进展，但在二线治疗领域尚缺乏III期临床研究证据支持。2025年ESMO年会公布的FRUSICA-2研究是国内首个靶向联合免疫对比标准单药用于晚期肾癌二线治疗的III期确证性研究。该研究为一线靶向药物失败后患者的治疗提供了新的临床研究数据支持。FRUSICA-2研究结果显示，呋喹替尼联合信迪利单抗与对照组阿昔替尼或依维莫司二线治疗相比，盲态独立阅片委员会（BIRC）评估的mPFS为22.21个月vs 6.90个月，降低了62.7%的疾病进展或死亡风险（HR=0.373，P<0.0001），显示出具有统计学意义和临床意义的改善效果，且该获益在所有亚组中均保持一致，提示该联合方案有望为晚期肾细胞癌患者带来新的二线治疗选择[5]。 FRUSICA-2研究PFS 本例患者在一线培唑帕尼治疗进展后，参与到FRUSICA-2研究中，接受了呋喹替尼联合信迪利单抗二线治疗，在治疗6周后即达到了迅速缓解，取得超过37个月PFS，目前仍维持PR，帮助患者延长生存时间。回顾FRUSICA-2研究可见，呋喹替尼联合信迪利单抗的中位至缓解时间（TTR）为2.79个月，中位缓解持续时间（DoR）为23.69个月，进一步提示了该方案在缓解速度和长期维持缓解方面的表现。与此同时，患者治疗过程中不良反应轻微，耐受性佳，有助于患者回归正常生活。呋喹替尼联合信迪利单抗有望成为肾细胞癌二线治疗中的可考虑的一种治疗方案。在机制层面，呋喹替尼作为一种高选择性小分子VEGFR-TKI，可精准抑制 VEGFR-1/2/3受体的胞内激酶区磷酸化，同时抑制肿瘤血管和淋巴管生成；与免疫治疗具有协同作用，该机制在临床研究中得到了验证。在FRUSICA-2研究等循证医学证据的推动下，期待呋喹替尼联合免疫治疗二线应用于晚期肾癌的适应症，未来能成为既往TKI治疗失败患者二线的一项标准治疗方案，以望惠及更多患者。参考文献 [1] 中国临床肿瘤学会指南工作委员会. 中国临床肿瘤学会（CSCO）肾癌诊疗指南2025. 人民卫生出版社. 2025.08. [2] Motzer RJ, Escudier B, Tomczak P, et al. Axitinib versus sorafenib as second-line treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma: overall survival analysis and updated results from a randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14(6):552-562. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70093-7 [3] Choueiri TK, Escudier B, Powles T, et al. Cabozantinib versus everolimus in advanced renal cell carcinoma (METEOR): final results from a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(7):917-927. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30107-3 [4] Sheng X, Ye D, Zhou A, et al. Efficacy and safety of vorolanib plus everolimus in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: A three-arm, randomised, double-blind, multicentre phase III study (CONCEPT). Eur J Cancer. 2023;178:205-215. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2022.10.025 [5] Dingwei Ye, et al. Fruquintinib (FRUQ) plus sintilimab (SIN) versus axitinib (AXI) or everolimus (EVE) monotherapy as 2L treatment in pts with locally advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC): Results from phase III part of a randomized, open-label, active-controlled phase II/III study (FRUSICA-2). ESMO 2025,2592MO 何志嵩教授北京大学第一医院主任医师，博士生导师北京大学泌尿外科研究所/北京大学第一医院泌尿外科中国临床肿瘤学会理事会理事中华医学会泌尿外科分会肿瘤学组委员中国临床肿瘤学会尿路上皮癌专业委员会主任委员中国临床肿瘤学会前列腺癌专业委员会副主任委员中国临床肿瘤学会肾癌专业委员会委员中国抗癌协会泌尿男生殖系肿瘤专业委员会委员中国抗癌协会家族遗传性肿瘤协作组委员北京医学会泌尿外科分会委员中国医疗保健国际交流促进会加速康复外科分会委员中国老年保健协会抗衰老专业委员会委员郭应禄泌尿外科发展基金会理事长等杨恺惟教授副主任医师临床医学博士北京大学第一医院泌尿外科美国杜克大学免疫学系访问学者承担二十余项多中心临床注册研究Sub-I主持北京市自然科学基金一项发表SCI十余篇，在EAU、ASCO-GU会议进行壁报展示往期回顾 1、FRUSICA-2病例启示第1期丨呋喹替尼联合信迪利单抗序贯单药呋喹替尼二线治疗晚期肾细胞癌（RCC）患者一例，目前PR已维持约38个月 2、FRUSICA-2病例启示第2期丨一例一线靶向治疗不耐受患者的39个月PR获益，呋喹替尼联合免疫治疗方案有望提供治疗新选择材料编号：NP-ELU-26N215-Valid Until-2028-April 本资料由和黄医药提供支持本资料旨在促进医药信息的沟通和交流，而非广告宣传。本资料内容不能以任何方式取代专业的医疗指导，也不应被视为诊疗建议。若您想了解更多有关疾病知识的信息，请咨询医疗卫生专业人士。（来源：《肿瘤瞭望-泌尿时讯》编辑部）声明凡署名原创的文章版权属《肿瘤瞭望》所有，欢迎分享、转载。本文仅供医疗卫生专业人士了解最新医药资讯参考使用，不代表本平台观点。该等信息不能以任何方式取代专业的医疗指导，也不应被视为诊疗建议，如果该信息被用于资讯以外的目的，本站及作者不承担相关责任。

临床3期临床结果

2026-04-11

·ioncology

2026 ASCO GU大咖解读｜朱煜教授：免疫治疗失败后晚期肾癌治疗新格局

点击蓝字关注我们编者按当前，以免疫联合免疫（IO+IO）、免疫联合靶向（IO+TKI）为代表的一线治疗模式，已显著提高晚期肾细胞癌（aRCC）的生存预后，成为中高危患者的标准治疗选择。但在临床实践中，仍有大量患者经一线免疫治疗后出现疾病进展，免疫治疗失败后的后续治疗选择、最优序贯策略、生存获益与安全性平衡，长期缺乏高级别、大样本、针对性的循证医学证据，全球范围内尚未形成完全统一的标准治疗范式。随着2026年美国临床肿瘤学会生殖泌尿肿瘤研讨会（ASCO GU）如期召开，肾癌领域多项重磅研究直击这一核心临床痛点，从真实世界数据到Ⅲ期随机对照试验，从国际标准方案到中国研究结果汇报，全面构建免疫治疗失败后晚期肾癌的治疗新框架，为临床实践提供清晰指引。《肿瘤瞭望》特邀复旦大学附属肿瘤医院朱煜教授结合本次ASCO GU大会的重磅研究，拆解其研究数据，兼顾国际视野与中国实践，为临床用药提供双向、精准、可落地的参考依据。目前，国内外权威指南已针对免疫治疗失败后的晚期肾癌形成高度一致的核心推荐框架。卡博替尼单药被CSCO、NCCN、EAU三大指南共同列为推荐方案：CSCO指南立足中国人群证据与药物可及性，将卡博替尼、仑伐替尼联合依维莫司并列为II级推荐[1]；NCCN指南以全球高级别证据为核心，将卡博替尼标注为优选单药，同时纳入阿昔替尼、靶向联合免疫再挑战以及HIF-2α抑制剂相关新型方案[2]；EAU指南则按照一线治疗类型进行分层，明确IO+IO方案进展后优先推荐卡博替尼单药，IO+TKI方案进展后可选择卡博替尼、仑伐替尼联合依维莫司或Belzutifan联合仑伐替尼，整体证据等级均达到高级别水平[3]。尽管指南已搭建起基本治疗框架，但临床仍面临两大关键未满足需求：其一，以伊匹木单抗联合纳武利尤单抗为代表的IO+IO方案失败后，缺乏大样本真实世界数据支撑方案选择与获益评估；其二，以HIF-2α抑制剂为代表的新型机制药物，与当前标准靶向药物之间缺乏头对头Ⅲ期研究对比，难以确立更优的后线升级方案。而2026 ASCO GU公布的两项重磅研究，恰好精准回应上述问题，为指南落地与临床决策提供了最强力的循证支持。 GUARDIANS研究[4]：IO+IO失败后，卡博替尼确立真实世界金标准本次ASCO GU公布的GUARDIANS研究，是来自德国与瑞士17家三甲中心的多中心、回顾性、真实世界研究，也是目前全球样本量最大的一线IO+IO治疗失败后晚期肾癌后线治疗研究，填补了该领域长期数据空白。研究共纳入356例经一线伊匹木单抗联合纳武利尤单抗治疗后疾病进展的晚期肾细胞癌患者，基线特征高度贴合临床真实场景：中位年龄64岁，男性占69.1%，透明细胞癌占74.1%；ECOG PS≥2分者占14.3%，IMDC中危占61.8%、高危占28.7%，以难治性人群为主。后线治疗中，卡博替尼为临床最常用方案，对照组为舒尼替尼、阿昔替尼、培唑帕尼、仑伐替尼+依维莫司、替沃扎尼、其他IO/TKI联合方案及Belzutifan等多种治疗。疗效结果显示，卡博替尼在后线治疗中展现出压倒性的生存优势：中位总生存（OS）达到38个月（95% CI 20.7-55.3），显著优于对照组的16个月（95% CI 10.1-21.9），HR=0.515，P=0.004，死亡风险降低48.5%；中位无进展生存（PFS）为15个月（95% CI 8.2-21.9），对照组仅7个月（95% CI 5.1-8.9），HR=0.608，P=0.016，疾病进展风险降低 39.2%。安全性方面，卡博替尼的不良事件谱与既往研究一致，3 级及以上治疗相关不良事件发生率可控，未出现新的安全信号。无进展生存期PFS（图1-3）；总生存OS（图4-6）该研究的核心价值在于，首次在大样本真实世界人群中证实，伊匹木单抗联合纳武利尤单抗一线失败后，卡博替尼可带来显著且稳健的生存获益，OS较其他方案延长超2倍，PFS延长超1倍，为指南推荐提供了扎实的真实世界支撑，进一步确立了卡博替尼在IO+IO失败后标准首选方案的地位，尤其适用于透明细胞癌及IMDC中高危人群。 LITESPARK-011研究[5]：HIF-2α抑制剂联合方案，挑战标准治疗新高度作为2026 ASCO GU肾癌领域的头号重磅研究，LITESPARK-011研究是全球首个 HIF-2α抑制剂联合VEGFR-TKI，对比当前标准靶向药物卡博替尼的Ⅲ期随机对照试验，直接针对抗PD-(L) 1治疗失败后的晚期透明细胞癌，开辟了全新治疗路径。研究纳入≥18岁、经一线/二线/辅助抗PD-(L) 1治疗后进展的晚期透明细胞癌患者，1:1随机分配至Belzutifan 120mg QD 联合仑伐替尼 20mg QD组，或卡博替尼60mg QD对照组。双重主要终点为盲态独立中心评审（BICR）评估的PFS与OS，关键次要终点包括ORR、DOR及安全性。第二次中期分析数据的中位随访时间达29.0个月。疗效数据呈现全面优势：中位PFS方面，Belzutifan联合仑伐替尼组为14.8个月（95% CI 11.2-16.6），卡博替尼组为10.7个月（95% CI 9.2-11.1），HR=0.70，P<0.0001，疾病进展风险降低30%，差异具有统计学意义；OS方面，Belzutifan联合仑伐替尼组中位OS为34.9个月（95% CI 27.5-NR），卡博替尼组为27.6个月（95% CI 24.0-31.4），HR=0.85，P=0.06075，获益趋势明显，最终分析仍在随访中；ORR方面，Belzutifan联合仑伐替尼组达52.6%，显著高于卡博替尼组的40.2%；中位DOR方面，Belzutifan联合仑伐替尼组为23.0个月，卡博替尼组仅12.3个月，缓解持久性大幅提升。安全性数据显示，两组3级及以上TRAE发生率接近，Belzutifan联合仑伐替尼组71.6%，卡博替尼组65.8%；联合方案耐受性良好。 PFS（上图）OS（下图） LITESPARK-011研究具有里程碑意义：它是全球首个成功证实HIF-2α抑制剂联合 VEGFR-TKI优于标准靶向药物的Ⅲ期研究，PFS、ORR、DOR三大疗效终点全面超越卡博替尼，尽管目前在OS上，Belzutifan+仑伐替尼并未达到统计学显著获益的界值，但已展现出了获益的趋势，为免疫治疗失败后提供了更优的新型联合选择，Belzutifan联合仑伐替尼可能可以成为未来免疫治疗进展后的晚期肾癌的标准治疗方案。 HIF-2α抑制剂治疗方案再探索：3项Ⅰ/Ⅱ期研究解读免疫失败后ccRCC治疗新选择 KEYMAKER-U03研究03B亚组——多种新型联合方案治疗经治晚期ccRCC的疗效对比[6] KEYMAKER-U03研究03B亚组评估了6种新型联合方案在经PD-(L) 1抑制剂与VEGF-TKI治疗后进展ccRCC患者中的价值，中位随访超22.9个月。结果显示，Belzutifan联合仑伐替尼组展现出最高抗肿瘤活性，ORR达46.9%，DOR为22.1个月。其次为帕博利珠单抗联合仑伐替尼，ORR达39.7%，DOR为8.3个月；帕博利珠单抗联合 Belzutifan疗效与历史Belzutifan单药相当，ORR为19.4%，DOR未达到。在IIT人群中，Belzutifan联合仑伐替尼组表现最好，中位PFS达12.5个月，OS为32.3个月。安全性方面，各方案耐受性均可控，Belzutifan联合仑伐替尼组3~5级治疗相关不良事件发生率为63%，少数患者因治疗相关不良事件死亡。该研究与上述LITESPARK-011研究相互印证，进一步支持Belzutifan联合仑伐替尼方案在免疫经治人群中的显著疗效。支持Belzutifan联合VEGFR-TKI方案的进一步探索。 LITESPARK-024研究——Belzutifan联合Palbociclib剂量递增治疗经多线治疗晚期ccRCC的Ⅰ/Ⅱ 期研究[7] LITESPARK-024研究针对接受过至少2线系统治疗（含抗 PD-(L) 1与VEGFR-TKI）的晚期透明细胞肾细胞癌患者，探索HIF-2α抑制剂Belzutifan联合CDK4/6抑制剂Palbociclib的安全性与推荐Ⅱ期剂量。第一阶段研究为剂量递增设计， Belzutifan 120mg QD联合Palbociclib 75mg/100mg/125mg QD，研究共纳入58例患者，结果显示联合方案总体安全性可控，各剂量组频繁出现≥3级TRAE，主要≥3级TRAE为贫血。中性粒细胞减少的发生率随Palbociclib剂量增加而升高，因此未启动研究的第二阶段，该研究展示了以HIF-2α抑制剂为基础的联合方案探索思路。 ARC-20研究——新一代HIF-2α抑制剂Casdatifan单药治疗难治性ccRCC的疗效与生物标志物分析[8] 该研究聚焦新一代HIF-2α抑制剂Casdatifan单药在经抗PD-(L) 1及VEGFR-TKI治疗后进展的转移性ccRCC患者中的应用。中位随访至12个月，100 mg QD剂量组ORR达45%，总人群ORR 35%，100 mg QD剂量组中位PFS为15.1个月，总人群中位PFS为12.2个月，展现出持久且可观的抗肿瘤活性。安全性上，治疗相关剂量调整率较低，Casdatifan导致的TEAE导致的停药事件发生率3%，无治疗相关死亡。生物标志物探索结果显示，血清促红细胞生成素（sEPO）抑制与临床获益显著相关，最大sEPO降低比例≥80%的患者，客观缓解率更高（OR=2.01，P=0.01），PFS更长（HR=0.58，P=0.008）。该研究首次证实了血清促红细胞生成素的最大抑制程度（≥80%）与更高的ORR和更长的PFS显著相关，明确了HIF-2α生物学活性与临床结局的关联。中国方案闪耀国际舞台：国产TKI联合方案探索，为亚洲人群提供新选择在全球重磅研究之外，2026 ASCO GU同步收录了中国晚期肾癌后线治疗研究结果报告，该研究是一项单臂、剂量探索阶段的Ⅱ期临床研究，专门针对一线IO+IO或IO+TKI治疗失败的晚期透明细胞癌患者，采用呋喹替尼联合依维莫司联合方案。入组人群100%为亚洲患者，中位年龄54岁，IMDC中高危占77.8%，基线特征与中国临床实践匹配9。研究结果显示，共入组9例患者。4mg剂量组3例患者、5mg剂量组6例患者，均未出现剂量限制性毒性（DLT），确定呋喹替尼的推荐Ⅱ期剂量（RP2D）和最大耐受剂量（MTD）均为5mg，ORR为41.5%，疾病控制率（DCR）高达86.7%；3级及以上不良事件为腹泻和蛋白尿，发生率均为11.1%，安全性优于国外同类方案，耐受性更适合亚洲人群。该研究在亚洲人群中证实，呋喹替尼联合依维莫司联合方案在免疫治疗失败后晚期肾癌中具有优异的疗效与安全性，弥补了全球研究中亚洲人群样本不足的短板。中国研究的亮相，不仅为国内患者提供了可及性更高、安全性更优的本土选择，也为全球肾癌后线治疗注入东方智慧，推动精准治疗向更细分人群、更个体化方向迈进。总结与展望 2026 ASCO GU 为免疫治疗失败后晚期肾癌治疗交出了完整答卷：GUARDIANS真实世界研究夯实了卡博替尼在IO+IO失败后的金标准地位，解决了长期缺乏大样本真实世界证据的困境；LITESPARK-011 Ⅲ期研究开创HIF-2α抑制剂联合VEGFR-TKI的全新治疗时代，以更高疗效挑战标准方案；HIF-2α靶向直击ccRCC核心驱动通路（VHLHIF），与 VEGFR-TKI作用机制互补，为后续新型联合治疗方案的探索提供重要依据；中国呋喹替尼联合依维莫司研究则立足亚洲人群，提供了安全有效、可及性高的本土方案。免疫治疗并非晚期肾癌治疗的终点，而是精准治疗的新起点。随着新型药物、联合策略与本土研究持续涌现，晚期肾癌的长期生存与治愈目标正逐步成为现实。专家简介朱煜教授复旦大学附属肿瘤医院复旦大学附属肿瘤医院泌尿外科副主任医师，副教授，副研究员，硕士研究生导师，大外科主任助理复旦大学克卿书院导师中国抗癌协会泌尿男生殖系肿瘤专委会（CACA-GU）肾癌学组、中国性学会（CSA）手术医学分会、中国非公协会（CNMIA）泌尿外科分会、男性生殖与性医学分会、上海市医学会互联网医疗分会等学会委员、常委《 CACA-GU 肾癌指南》《肾脏肿瘤诊治与康复指南》《CSCO免疫检查点抑制剂临床应用指南》《临床肿瘤学》编写组专家国家自然科学基金委、上海市科委评审专家 The Innovation、HIO、AUO等杂志编委上海东方英才计划青年人才，上海市“医苑新星” 青年医学人才，上海市卫健委青年五四奖章上海市青年科技人才协会会员，CDFI认证泌尿超声师擅长泌尿男生殖系统肿瘤以手术为主的全程化综合治疗，围绕泌尿系统肿瘤免疫调控方向发表SCI论文39篇，承担国家级、省部级等项目及人才计划共16项。参考文献：（上下滑动可查看） 1. 2025年CSCO肾癌指南 2. NCCN Guidelines Version 1.2026 Kidney Cancer 3. 2026 EAU Kidney Cancer Guideline 4. Hendrik Dinkel, et al. Second-Line Cabozantinib Is Associated With Better Survival Outcomes Than Other Options in Advanced RCC. 2026 ASCO-GU.A437 5. Robert J. Motzer, et al. Belzutifan + Lenvatinib versus Cabozantinib for Advanced RCC after Anti-PD-(L)1 Therapy: Open-Label Phase 3 LITESPARK-011 Study. 2026 ASCO-GU. LBA417 6. Laurence Albiges, et al.KEYMAKER-U03 Substudy 03B: Novel Investigative Regimens for Previously Treated Advanced Clear Cell RCC. 2026 ASCO-GU.A505 7. David F. McDermott, et al. Ascending Dose Escalation of Belzutifan + Palbociclib for Previously Treated Advanced ccRCC - Phase 1/2 LITESPARK-024 Study Part 1. 2026 ASCO-GU.A423 8. Toni K. Choueiri, et al. Adjuvant Pembrolizumab + Belzutifan versus Pembrolizumab for Clear Cell RCC: The Randomized Phase 3 LITESPARK-022 Study. 2026 ASCO-GU.A493 9. Kaiwei Yang, et al.Fruquintinib combined with everolimus in Chinese patients with advanced/metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) after progression on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs): Results from a phase II single arm clinical trial. 2026 ASCO-GU. A497. （来源：《肿瘤瞭望》编辑部）声明凡署名原创的文章版权属《肿瘤瞭望》所有，欢迎分享、转载。本文仅供医疗卫生专业人士了解最新医药资讯参考使用，不代表本平台观点。该等信息不能以任何方式取代专业的医疗指导，也不应被视为诊疗建议，如果该信息被用于资讯以外的目的，本站及作者不承担相关责任。

ASCO会议临床3期CSCO会议临床结果

2026-04-09

·BioSpace

Kura Oncology to Present Darlifarnib Plus Cabozantinib Data in Patients with Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Previously Treated with Cabozantinib at IKCS Europe 2026

Data build on findings presented at ESMO 2025 and support potential of darlifarnib to overcome resistance and resensitize tumors to VEGFR TKI therapy Virtual investor call on April 17, 2026, at 7:30 a.m. PT / 10:30 a.m. ET / 4:30 p.m. CEST SAN DIEGO, April 09, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Kura Oncology, Inc. (Nasdaq: KURA), a biopharmaceutical company focused on precision medicines for the treatment of cancer, today announced it will present updated data from its ongoing FIT-001 clinical trial ( NCT 06026410) evaluating darlifarnib (KO-2806) in combination with cabozantinib in patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma at the International Kidney Cancer Symposium (IKCS) Europe 2026 in Paris, France. The data to be presented build on earlier findings from the FIT-001 study reported at the 2025 European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress, where the combination of darlifarnib and cabozantinib demonstrated encouraging clinical activity and a manageable safety pro patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. IKCS Europe 2026 Presentation Details Title: Farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI) darlifarnib (KO-2806) combined with cabozantinib (cabo) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients after prior exposure to cabo: Preliminary Phase 1 results from FIT-001 Abstract Session: 7 Date: April 17, 2026 Time: 3:30 p.m. – 4:30 p.m. CEST Virtual Investor Event Kura will host a webcast and conference call on April 17, 2026, at 7:30 am PT / 10:30 am ET / 4:30 pm CEST featuring management and a clinical investigator from the darlifarnib program. The live webcast and replay will be available on the Company’s website at under the Investors tab in the Events and Presentations section. About darlifarnib Darlifarnib is a next-generation farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI) designed to inhibit farnesylation of RHEB and suppress mTORC1 signaling. This mechanism has potential to enhance the activity of multiple targeted therapies, including VEGFR-targeted therapies such as cabozantinib. About Kura Oncology Kura Oncology is a biopharmaceutical company committed to realizing the promise of precision medicines for the treatment of cancer. Kura’s pipeline of small molecule drug candidates is designed to target cancer signaling pathways and address high-need hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. Kura developed and is commercializing KOMZIFTI™ (ziftomenib), the FDA-approved once-daily, oral menin inhibitor for the treatment of adults with relapsed or refractory NPM1 -mutated acute myeloid leukemia, and continues to pioneer advancements in menin inhibition and farnesyl transferase inhibition. For additional information, please visit the Kura website at and follow us on X and LinkedIn . Forward-Looking Statements This news release contains certain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to be materially different from historical results or from any future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements include, among other things, statements regarding Kura’s presentation of FIT-001 data at IKCS Europe 2026, the therapeutic potential of the combination of darlifarnib and cabozantinib in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and the potential of darlifarnib to overcome resistance and resensitize tumors to VEGFR TKI therapy and to enhance the activity of multiple targeted therapies. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially include the risk that compounds that appeared promising in early research or clinical trials do not demonstrate safety and/or efficacy in later preclinical studies or clinical trials, the risk that Kura may not obtain approval to market its product candidates, uncertainties associated with performing clinical trials, regulatory filings, and other interactions with regulatory bodies, and other risks associated with the process of discovering, developing and commercializing drugs that are safe and effective for use as human therapeutics, and in the endeavor of building a business around such drugs. You are urged to consider statements that include the words “may,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “believes,” “estimates,” “projects,” “promise,” “potential,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “continues,” “designed,” “goal,” or the negative of those words or other comparable words to be uncertain and forward-looking. For a further list and description of the risks and uncertainties Kura faces, please refer to Kura’s periodic and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which are available at Such forward-looking statements are current only as of the date they are made, and Kura assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Kura Contact Investors and Media: Greg Mann 858-987-4046 gmann@kuraoncology.com

临床1期临床结果

100 项与苹果酸卡博替尼相关的药物交易

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外链

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D10095	苹果酸卡博替尼	L01XE26	DB08875

研发状态

批准上市

10 条最早获批的记录,

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适应症	国家/地区	公司	日期
神经内分泌肿瘤	英国	Ipsen SA	2025-09-26
高分化胰腺内分泌肿瘤	欧盟	Ipsen Pharma SAS	2025-07-24
高分化胰腺内分泌肿瘤	冰岛	Ipsen Pharma SAS	2025-07-24
高分化胰腺内分泌肿瘤	列支敦士登	Ipsen Pharma SAS	2025-07-24
高分化胰腺内分泌肿瘤	挪威	Ipsen Pharma SAS	2025-07-24
胰腺外神经内分泌肿瘤	澳大利亚	Ipsen Pty Ltd.	2018-01-19
胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤	澳大利亚	Ipsen Pty Ltd.	2018-01-19
分化型甲状腺癌	韩国	Ipsen Ltd.	2017-09-26
肾细胞癌	韩国	Ipsen Ltd.	2017-09-26
肝细胞癌	欧盟	Ipsen Pharma SAS	2016-09-09
肝细胞癌	冰岛	Ipsen Pharma SAS	2016-09-09
肝细胞癌	列支敦士登	Ipsen Pharma SAS	2016-09-09
肝细胞癌	挪威	Ipsen Pharma SAS	2016-09-09
晚期肾细胞癌	美国	Exelixis, Inc.	2016-04-25
甲状腺髓样癌	美国	Exelixis, Inc.	2012-11-29

未上市

10 条进展最快的记录,

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适应症	最高研发状态	国家/地区	公司	日期
实体瘤	申请上市	中国	江苏豪森药业集团有限公司	2020-09-28
难治性分化型甲状腺癌	临床3期	美国	ECOG-ACRIN Medical Research Foundation, Inc.	2024-08-22
难治性甲状腺癌	临床3期	美国	ECOG-ACRIN Medical Research Foundation, Inc.	2024-08-22
转移性骨肉瘤	临床3期	美国	National Cancer Institute	2023-03-03
转移性骨肉瘤	临床3期	澳大利亚	National Cancer Institute	2023-03-03
转移性骨肉瘤	临床3期	加拿大	National Cancer Institute	2023-03-03
转移性骨肉瘤	临床3期	新西兰	National Cancer Institute	2023-03-03
晚期尿路上皮癌	临床3期	美国	National Cancer Institute	2022-06-03
晚期尿路上皮癌	临床3期	加拿大	National Cancer Institute	2022-06-03
膀胱癌	临床3期	美国	National Cancer Institute	2022-06-03

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临床结果

适应症

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研究	分期	人群特征	评价人数	分组	结果	评价	发布日期


ESMO_SRC2026	N/A	琥珀酸脱氢酶缺陷型胃肠道间质瘤	19	imatinib	鑰艱鹹襯醖選顧窪淵衊(鑰願襯齋鹹願齋選餘簾) = 築鏇蓋憲構繭憲鏇築齋構鹹顧簾鏇衊鹽醖積鹹 (簾醖壓憲範顧鬱製齋窪, 50.7 ~ NR)	积极	2026-03-09
				sunitinib	範顧顧壓窪餘選鏇網衊(壓齋窪衊壓願構鹹積廠) = 夢蓋鏇膚簾構鏇醖鬱繭簾鬱製鑰繭鹹夢鏇鬱鏇 (夢獵襯夢膚構獵壓觸艱 )
ESMO_SRC2026	N/A	尤文肉瘤末线	10	Cabozantinib 60 mg	製廠顧觸觸齋積夢蓋淵(壓積膚遞觸餘遞糧構築) = 衊齋糧選窪壓廠願憲壓鏇鹽顧繭廠壓衊蓋鏇醖 (艱範網齋窪艱鏇鬱襯餘 ) 更多	积极	2026-03-09
NCT07028125 (CANIQOL, ASCO_GU2026)	临床4期	肾细胞癌一线	83	CabozantinibNivolumabnib + CabozantinibNivolumab (Advanced clear-cell renal cell carcinoma)	齋襯顧醖顧壓鹹選積廠(獵網齋膚築製繭製衊衊) = 衊餘顧餘淵淵構構鑰齋窪蓋壓壓顧廠簾鑰窪遞 (願廠淵遞積襯衊餘艱範, 6.0) 更多	积极	2026-02-26
ASCO_GU2026	N/A	转移性肾细胞癌一线	244	ICI-based combinations (pre-CDL)	衊糧膚夢淵衊積觸糧獵(範廠築顧膚積鬱簾鹹簾) = 願憲選醖願獵鏇餘襯網廠齋構簾鏇齋膚窪廠獵 (襯膚獵鹹壓衊齋窪構襯 ) 更多	积极	2026-02-26
				ICI-based combinations (post-CDL)	衊糧膚夢淵衊積觸糧獵(範廠築顧膚積鬱簾鹹簾) = 製遞獵觸夢窪觸憲廠遞廠齋構簾鏇齋膚窪廠獵 (襯膚獵鹹壓衊齋窪構襯 )
NCT04322955 (Cyto-KIK, ASCO_GU2026)	临床2期	肾肿瘤一线	38	cabozantinib+nivolumab (metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma)	窪蓋構鏇鏇膚範糧網選(簾壓憲築醖鏇選範衊顧) = 鑰願艱範獵築構廠糧窪膚衊襯襯鬱繭齋襯願構 (艱鬱選製繭鹽繭餘範鑰 ) 更多	积极	2026-02-26
ASCO_GU2026	N/A	晚期肾细胞癌二线	356	Cabozantinib	窪夢築簾網艱憲齋糧繭(觸網獵願醖襯夢繭餘淵) = 淵顧夢顧憲範窪積夢夢鑰廠繭觸構餘鏇衊餘積 (淵簾製襯夢鏇膚鑰夢選, 20.7 ~ 55.3) 更多	积极	2026-02-26
				Other therapies	窪夢築簾網艱憲齋糧繭(觸網獵願醖襯夢繭餘淵) = 鏇鑰簾網壓窪築製醖製鑰廠繭觸構餘鏇衊餘積 (淵簾製襯夢鏇膚鑰夢選, 10.1 ~ 21.9) 更多
ASCO_GU2026	N/A	乳状状肾细胞癌一线	115	Cabozantinib	鏇顧艱積膚鏇鏇繭餘鹹(獵夢構獵餘鬱範願衊簾) = 網獵鑰艱鏇壓顧餘鏇鏇襯繭鹽願簾夢憲蓋顧鬱 (顧構顧糧鏇糧壓壓構艱, 13 ~ 31) 更多	积极	2026-02-26
				Cabozantinib + Nivolumab	鏇顧艱積膚鏇鏇繭餘鹹(獵夢構獵餘鬱範願衊簾) = 蓋蓋憲糧糧鹽艱廠淵觸襯繭鹽願簾夢憲蓋顧鬱 (顧構顧糧鏇糧壓壓構艱, 14 ~ NR) 更多
NCT04413123 (CAN-I, ASCO_GU2026)	临床2期	转移性透明细胞性肾细胞癌 KIM-1	43	cabozantinib+nivolumab+ipilimumab	夢襯艱艱製構顧構蓋餘(艱網簾襯鑰廠淵蓋壓製) = 衊艱蓋醖壓齋憲齋鏇鑰築鏇夢淵選艱憲壓醖願 (獵鹹廠膚廠襯醖淵獵鹽 ) 更多	积极	2026-02-26
				cabozantinib+nivolumab+ipilimumab (chromophobe RCC)	夢襯艱艱製構顧構蓋餘(艱網簾襯鑰廠淵蓋壓製) = 蓋繭壓積齋鏇餘鏇淵觸築鏇夢淵選艱憲壓醖願 (獵鹹廠膚廠襯醖淵獵鹽 ) 更多
NCT05048212 (ASCO_GU2026)	临床2期	脑转移瘤	11	Nivolumab+Ipilimumab+Cabozantinib	網獵齋鬱遞簾遞鏇醖夢(製觸網艱壓齋簾構構壓) = 鏇壓構範鏇鹹鑰繭觸繭齋壓廠壓積憲鑰網鬱膚 (醖積選淵鬱壓積顧餘蓋 ) 更多	积极	2026-02-26
ASCO_GU2026	临床2/3期	肾细胞癌 MET \| FH \| mTOR ... 更多	1,100	Cabozantinib	齋糧構艱鹹憲觸夢膚築(齋構選膚窪夢壓鹹願淵) = frequently harbored mTOR-pathway alterations (TSC1/2, MTOR) in 20-25%, with reported responses to everolimus 齋範觸鹽襯鹹醖鏇鬱簾 (獵築選構遞築獵糧襯構 ) 更多	积极	2026-02-26
				Bevacizumab plus erlotinib (FH-deficient RCC)