Tetravalent influenza vaccine(Split, inactivated)(Sanofi)

BRIDGEWATER, N.J., March 14, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- Sanofi announced today the immediate adoption of influenza strains selected by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to advance the manufacturing and delivery of its vaccine portfolio for the 2025-26 flu season in the US. As the world leader in flu vaccines, Sanofi had already begun its annual production of vaccines to ensure that robust supply is ready for the coming season. Strains selected by the FDA match those already used in production by the company to help protect eligible patients against flu and its potentially severe complications. Sanofi plans to begin shipping flu vaccines this summer so that health systems, hospitals, pharmacies, physician practices, nursing homes and other facilities can begin administering vaccines at the onset of the next flu season. Thomas Grenier Head of Vaccines, North America "The US is weathering one of its most severe flu seasons in decades, underscoring the need to protect people against seasonal influenza infection. As the world leader in flu vaccines, Sanofi works relentlessly to ensure we are prepared, which is why our manufacturing does not miss a beat as we provide eligible Americans with a portfolio of immunizations to help protect against flu infection and the potentially serious complications it can cause." In addition to declining vaccination rates, the US is currently experiencing one of the worst flu seasons in decades and rates of flu-related hospitalizations are at a 15-year high. According to estimates by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there have been 40 million illnesses, 520,000 hospitalizations and 22,000 deaths from flu through the week ending March 1. Public health authorities nationwide recommend eligible people six months of age and older be vaccinated every year to help protect against flu and its complications. Sanofi offers a range of vaccine options supported by extensive data to help protect eligible patients from flu and its complications, providing protection beyond flu by meeting immunization needs across the lifespan, from children as young as six months of age through adults 65 years of age and older. The 2025-26 US influenza season portfolio will include FLUZONE® High-Dose (Influenza Vaccine), FLUBLOK® (Influenza Vaccine) and FLUZONE® (Influenza Vaccine). Indication and Important Safety Information for FLUZONE® High-Dose (Influenza Vaccine), FLUBLOK® (Influenza Vaccine) and FLUZONE® (Influenza Vaccine) What are FLUZONE® (Influenza Vaccine), FLUBLOK® (Influenza Vaccine), and FLUZONE® High-Dose (Influenza Vaccine)? FLUZONE, FLUBLOK, and FLUZONE HIGH-DOSE are vaccines indicated for the prevention of disease caused by influenza A and B strains contained (or in the case of FLUBLOK, represented by antigens contained in) the vaccine. FLUZONE is given to people 6 months of age and older. FLUBLOK is given to people 18 years of age and older. FLUZONE HIGH-DOSE is given to people 65 years of age and older. IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION FOR FLUZONE® (INFLUENZA VACCINE), FLUBLOK® (INFLUENZA VACCINE), AND FLUZONE® HIGH-DOSE (INFLUENZA VACCINE) FLUZONE, FLUBLOK, or FLUZONE HIGH-DOSE should not be given to anyone who has had a severe allergic reaction to any component of the vaccine (including eggs or egg products for FLUZONE and FLUZONE HIGH-DOSE). In addition, FLUZONE and FLUZONE HIGH-DOSE should not be given to anyone who has had a severe allergic reaction after a previous dose of any influenza vaccine. Tell your health care provider if you have ever had Guillain-Barré syndrome (severe muscle weakness) after a previous influenza vaccination. If FLUZONE, FLUBLOK, or FLUZONE HIGH-DOSE are given to people with a compromised immune system, including those receiving therapies that suppress the immune system, the immune response may be lower than expected. Vaccination with FLUZONE, FLUBLOK, or FLUZONE HIGH-DOSE may not protect all people who receive the vaccine. Fainting has occurred following vaccination with FLUZONE, FLUBLOK, and FLUZONE HIGH-DOSE. Procedures should be in place to avoid injury from fainting. For FLUZONE, in children 6 months through 8 years of age, the most common side effects were pain or tenderness and redness where you got the shot, irritability, drowsiness (6 month through 35 months), and muscle pain (3 years through 8 years). In adults 18 years through 64 years of age, the most common side effects were pain where you got the shot, headache, and muscle pain. In adults over 65 years of age, the most common side effects were pain where you got the shot, headache, muscle pain, and general discomfort. For FLUBLOK, in adults 18 through 64 years of age, the most common side effects were pain where you got the shot, headache, tiredness, and muscle pain. In adults 65 years of age and older, the most common side effects were pain where you got the shot, tiredness, and headache. For FLUZONE HIGH-DOSE, in adults 65 years of age and older, the most common side effects were pain where you got the shot, muscle pain, tiredness, and headache. For FLUZONE, FLUBLOK, and FLUZONE HIGH-DOSE, other side effects may occur. For more information, talk to your healthcare professional and refer to the full Prescribing and Patient information for FLUBLOK, FLUZONE or FLUZONE HIGH-DOSE. About Sanofi We are an innovative global healthcare company, driven by one purpose: we chase the miracles of science to improve people's lives. Our team, across the world, is dedicated to transforming the practice of medicine by working to turn the impossible into the possible. We provide potentially life-changing treatment options and life-saving vaccine protection to millions of people globally, while putting sustainability and social responsibility at the center of our ambitions. Sanofi is listed on EURONEXT: SAN andNASDAQ: SNY Media Relations Evan Berland | +1 215 432 0234 | [email protected] Timothy Gilbert | + 1 516 521 2929 | [email protected] Investor Relations Thomas Kudsk Larsen |+44 7545 513 693 | [email protected] Alizé Kaisserian | +33 6 47 04 12 11 | [email protected] Felix Lauscher | +1 908 612 7239 | [email protected] Keita Browne | +1 781 249 1766 | [email protected] Nathalie Pham | +33 7 85 93 30 17 | [email protected] Tarik Elgoutni | +1 617 710 3587 | [email protected] Thibaud Châtelet | +33 6 80 80 89 90 | [email protected] Yun Li | +33 6 84 00 90 72 | [email protected] Sanofi forward-looking statements This press release contains forward-looking statements as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended. Forward-looking statements are statements that are not historical facts. These statements include projections and estimates regarding the marketing and other potential of the product, or regarding potential future revenues from the product. Forward-looking statements are generally identified by the words "expects", "anticipates", "believes", "intends", "estimates", "plans", and similar expressions. Although Sanofi's management believes that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, investors are cautioned that forward-looking information and statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties, many of which are difficult to predict and generally beyond the control of Sanofi, that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied or projected by, the forward-looking information and statements. These risks and uncertainties include among other things, unexpected regulatory actions or delays, or government regulation generally, that could affect the availability or commercial potential of the product, the fact that product may not be commercially successful, the uncertainties inherent in research and development, including future clinical data and analysis of existing clinical data relating to the product, including post marketing, unexpected safety, quality or manufacturing issues, competition in general, risks associated with intellectual property and any related future litigation and the ultimate outcome of such litigation, and volatile economic and market conditions, and the impact that global crises may have on us, our customers, suppliers, vendors, and other business partners, and the financial condition of any one of them, as well as on our employees and on the global economy as a whole. The risks and uncertainties also include the uncertainties discussed or identified in the public filings with the SEC and the AMF made by Sanofi, including those listed under "Risk Factors" and "Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" in Sanofi's annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2024. Other than as required by applicable law, Sanofi does not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking information or statements. SOURCE Sanofi WANT YOUR COMPANY'S NEWS FEATURED ON PRNEWSWIRE.COM? 440k+ Newsrooms & Influencers 9k+ Digital Media Outlets 270k+ Journalists Opted In GET STARTED

导读：由SARS-CoV-2病毒引起的COVID-19疫情对人类健康构成严重威胁。疫苗接种是控制其传播最有效、最经济的干预措施，SARS-CoV-2疫苗现主要有灭活疫苗、重组蛋白亚单位疫苗、mRNA、DNA及VLP疫苗等。其中，mRNA疫苗因开发周期短、易于工业化、响应新变种的灵活性及诱导更好免疫反应的能力等优势而在控制疾病方面发挥重要作用。本期文章菌菌就mRNA疫苗的研究历程、作用机制、SARS-Cov-2病毒结构、新冠疫苗抗原设计及主要产品等总结如下，以期为各类mRNA疫苗的设计提供参考。 01 mRNA疫苗的发现和发展1.1 mRNA疫苗的发展历程 随着mRNA递送系统和核酸修饰技术的出现，用于癌症治疗和预防多种传染病的mRNA技术的研究进展迅速。1961年，Brenner及其同事首次描述mRNA分子，由于其高度不稳定性，1969年才使分离的mRNA在体外首次合成蛋白。1984年Krieg及其同事使用SP6 RNA聚合酶在体外成功转录合成mRNA。1987年Malone及其同事利用阳离子脂质封装mRNA以注射到真核细胞，获得体外表达mRNA的高效系统。1990年Wolff及其同事首次将体外转录（IVT）产生的mRNA注射到小鼠股四头肌肌肉中并成功表达。用脂质体包裹的编码流感病毒核蛋白（NP）的mRNA对小鼠进行免疫接种后，在宿主体内诱导产生抗流感CTL，标志着首个mRNA疫苗开发的里程碑。2005年Karikó及其同事发现，使用修饰尿苷合成的mRNA可逃避免疫系统的识别和降解，提高mRNA体内稳定性和免疫原性，开创了mRNA疫苗的新时代。随后，多款mRNA疫苗进入临床开发阶段。 在新冠疫情的管理预防中，mRNA疫苗是首批处于临床试验的SARS-CoV-2候选疫苗。截至2022年2月8日，世卫组织报告337种处于开发阶段的SARS-CoV-2候选疫苗，其中47种是mRNA疫苗（23种已进入临床试验）。 mRNA疫苗将编码目标抗原的核酸分子递送到宿主靶细胞中进行表达引发免疫反应。当携带抗原的病原体入侵时，宿主的免疫系统迅速触发体液和细胞免疫反应。1.2 mRNA疫苗的作用机制 Th1细胞反应 mRNA-1273、BNT162b2等mRNA疫苗及其他SARS-CoV-2疫苗可诱导Th1细胞反应。分布在外周淋巴器官的CD4+ T细胞在识别AP-MHC II类复合物和T细胞受体（TCR）后分化为Th1细胞，其可分泌白细胞介素2（IL-2）等多种细胞因子，同时上调相关受体（IL-2R）表达，IL-2与IL-2R结合后，促进T细胞增殖和CD8+ T细胞活化。活化的CD8+ T细胞分化成CTL，进一步诱导细胞免疫。当效应细胞（Th细胞和CTL）清除抗原时，T细胞反应减弱，免疫系统恢复稳态。此外，Th1细胞可分泌IFN-γ和TNF-α，前者诱导CD4+ T细胞分化并增强免疫反应强度。 图1 疫苗诱导的Th1细胞反应 生发中心反应和体液免疫调节 除T细胞反应外，mRNA疫苗诱导的滤泡辅助性T细胞（Tfh细胞）还可触发有效的SARS-CoV-2抗原特异性生发中心B细胞（GC B细胞）反应。一些活化的Th细胞可移动到淋巴滤泡分化为Tfh细胞。活化的B细胞在淋巴滤泡中增殖、分裂，形成生发中心，在Tfh细胞帮助下，GC B细胞的抗体基因可变区发生高频点突变，抗体类别实现转化，最终形成记忆B细胞和浆细胞，产生高亲和力抗体。研究表明BALB/c小鼠的GC B细胞反应在注射基于全长S蛋白的mRNA疫苗后7-14天达到峰值。 GC B细胞的持续存在是诱导长寿命浆细胞的前提，持续性GC B细胞反应可分泌强效、持久的中和抗体，并引发强大的体液免疫。  图2 疫苗诱导的生发中心反应 记忆细胞反应 疫苗诱导的记忆细胞反应可诱导Th1和持续的生发中心反应，从而触发强大的细胞和体液免疫。该过程形成的抗原特异性记忆T细胞和B细胞对长期保护具重要意义。与初始T细胞活化不同，记忆T细胞的激活不再依赖抗原呈递细胞，且可诱导更强的免疫反应。大多数记忆B细胞进入血液参与循环，遇到相同抗原时被迅速激活产生有效抗体。此外，在COVID-19康复患者和单剂接种mRNA疫苗的正常群体中都可检测到记忆细胞的存在。  图3 疫苗诱导的记忆细胞反应 02 SARS-CoV-2病毒结构 SARS-CoV-2是一种单链正义RNA包膜病毒，属冠状病毒科β冠状病毒属。SARS-CoV-2分离株Wuhan-Hu-1全长基因组含29881个核苷酸，编码16种非结构蛋白（nsp）、9种辅助蛋白和4种结构蛋白，4种结构蛋白包括刺突蛋白(S)、包膜蛋白(E)、膜蛋白(M)和核衣壳蛋白(N)。 N蛋白位于衣壳内，通过将病毒RNA包裹成核糖核蛋白复合物来保护病毒RNA基因组，并执行包括病毒RNA复制和转录在内的多种功能。M蛋白在病毒表面大量存在，因其膜的弯曲特性负责病毒融合、组装和出芽功能。E蛋白负责病毒粒子组装、形态发生与致病。S蛋白是存在于病毒粒子外膜上的跨膜结构蛋白，通过与宿主细胞表面的特异性受体接触，促进病毒进入宿主细胞。  图4 SARS-CoV-2病毒结构 03 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA疫苗的抗原设计 SARS-CoV-2表面的三聚体S蛋白在介导宿主细胞侵袭中起关键作用，被认为是疫苗设计的主要抗原。在病毒感染过程中，S蛋白被Furin酶和TMPRSS2裂解为S1和S2亚基。S1亚基含信号肽（SP）、RBD、N端结构域（NTD）、CTD1和CTD2，主要通过RBD与血管紧张素转化酶2（ACE2）受体相互作用。S2亚基包括融合肽（FP）、双七肽重复序列（HR）、中心螺旋区（CH）、连接结构域（CD）、跨膜结构域（TMD）和细胞质尾部（CT），负责介导病毒与宿主细胞膜间的融合。RBD和ACE2受体在宿主细胞膜上结合后，S蛋白发生结构重排，形成融合后构象。研究发现，S蛋白预融合构象具良好免疫原性，被认为是理想的目标抗原，大多数中和抗体是基于S蛋白在融合前构象的表位塑造的，一旦S蛋白获得融合后构象，该表位被覆盖并减少中和抗体的产生。  图5 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA疫苗设计策略的基本原理 设计SARS-CoV-2 S蛋白常采用两种策略： （1）2P突变策略：S2亚基中心螺旋位置顶部的两个氨基酸被脯氨酸（K986P和V987P）取代，可有效提高S蛋白在预融合构象中的稳定性。该策略适用于SARS-CoV-2和其他β冠状病毒，BioNTech、Moderna、CureVac等均采用该策略。 （2）S1/S2切割位点策略：直接将野生型SARS-CoV-2蛋白S中的Q677TNSPRRARYSV687序列删除至Q677TILRYSV683或氨基酸突变（RRAR到GGSG），阻止S蛋白在宿主细胞中切割，保持其结构稳定性并诱导更强的免疫应答。 某些研究机构已开发出优化S蛋白的独特策略，如删除S2亚基上的TMD、CT、FP并突变S2′切割位点（K814A、R815N），提高预融合S蛋白的构象稳定性。在某些情况下，可在ORF区域的前段插入额外的序列，增加抗原蛋白的表达。此外，由于S蛋白是三聚体，在S蛋白或RBD蛋白编码区3'端引入T4噬菌体纤维蛋白的三聚体基序可模拟S蛋白的天然结构并增强抗原免疫原性。研究表明当选择不同的信号肽时，目标抗原的蛋白质表达水平存在显着差异，其中S蛋白信号肽MFVFLVLLPLVSSQCV已被包括BioNTech和Moderna在内的多家开发商用于SARS-CoV-2 mRNA疫苗；RiboBio在SARS-CoV-2 mRNA疫苗中采用免疫球蛋白重链可变区（IGVH）信号肽序列（MDWIWRILFLVGAATGAHS）来增加目标蛋白表达。综上，由于mRNA疫苗涉及序列编辑，可对S蛋白的 结构、稳定性和表达进行修饰改善空间构象，从而提高疫苗诱导的免疫应答。  表1 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA疫苗抗原设计策略 04 上市/在研的新冠mRNA疫苗4.1 主要上市产品 BNT162b2：BioNTech和Pfizer合作开发的5种SARS-CoV-2 mRNA候选疫苗分别为基于核苷修饰的mRNA（BNT162b2、BNT162b1、BNT162b3）、未修饰的mRNA（BNT162a1）和自扩增mRNA（BNT162c2）。其中BNT162b2编码全长刺突糖蛋白，S2亚基中具两个脯氨酸突变以维持蛋白质的融合前构象；BNT162b1编码分泌形式的三聚体刺突蛋白RBD。BNT162b2于2020年12月11日获得美国政府的紧急使用授权（EUA），并于2021年8月获得FDA的生物制品许可证申请批准（BLA），成为全球首个上市的用于治疗COVID-19的mRNA疫苗。 mRNA-1273：Moderna开发的mRNA-1273编码SARS-CoV-2的全长预融合刺突蛋白，具良好耐受性，是美国政府于2020年12月18日获得EUA的第二种mRNA疫苗，2022年2月1日正式获FDA的生物制品许可证申请批准上市‌。Moderna成功推出的另外2款新冠疫苗为针对原始株及Omicron BA.1的二价疫苗（mRNA-1273.214）和针对Omicron BA.4/BA.5的二价疫苗（mRNA-1273.222）。 ARCT-154：由CSL与Arcturus therapeutics联合开发的首款上市的saRNA疫苗，已获日本厚生劳动省（PMDA）批准上市。ARCT-154抗原编码基因为SARS-Cov-2 S蛋白D614G突变序列，复制酶来自VEEV非结构蛋白编码序列nsp1-4。 SYS6006：石药集团于2023年3月22日宣告其研发的mRNA新冠疫苗（SYS6006）在中国纳入紧急使用，用于预防COVID-19，SYS6006是涵盖Omicron BA.5突变株核心突变位点的mRNA疫苗，于2022年4月获得国家药监局的应急批准进行临床试验，已在中国完成Ⅰ、Ⅱ期和序贯加强免疫临床研究，结果证明了其安全性、免疫原性和保护效力。4.2 其他上市/在研产品 PF-07252220：由Pfizer和BioNTech合作研发的主要用于预防流感和流感/COVID-19组合疫苗，已发布的III期试验结果表明在18-64岁患者中疗效优于已上市的流感疫苗。而针对流感/COVID-19的联合mRNA疫苗仅达到一项免疫原性治疗终点的结果。 mRNA-1083：由Moderna研发的COVID-19/流感疫苗（mRNA-1083）由流感疫苗mRNA-1010和下一代新冠疫苗mRNA-1283组成。mRNA-1083的III期研究在2个独立的年龄队列中评估免疫原性、安全性和反应原性：65岁及以上组，mRNA-1083与赛诺菲的高剂量流感疫苗Fluzone及Moderna的Spikevax进行比较；50-65岁组，与GSK的Fluarix及Moderna的Spikevax进行比较。结果mRNA-1283显示出对照组的非劣效性，并引发对3种流感病毒株（H1N1、H3N2和B/Victoria）及SARS-CoV-2更显著的免疫反应。且Moderna成为首家及唯一公布COVID-19/流感联合疫苗III期阳性结果的公司。 GSK4382276和GSK4388067：GSK购买了CureVac公司针对COVID-19（GSK4388067）和流感 （GSK4382276）mRNA疫苗的全球开发权，并可选择开发针对禽流感的组合疫苗和附加疫苗。GSK4388067和GSK4382276目前都处于II期试验中。 ABO1020：继艾博生物与沃森生物、中国军科院共同研发的新冠mRNA疫苗ARCoVax（编码SARS-CoV-2的RBD）于2020年6月成为国内首个获批开展临床试验的新冠mRNA疫苗后。2024年7月，Cell出版社医学旗舰刊Med发表艾博生物新冠变异株（BA.4/5）mRNA疫苗（ABO1020）的III期保护力临床数据，采用随机、双盲、安慰剂对照设计，评价在既往接种2剂或3剂新冠灭活疫苗人群中接种2剂ABO1020的疫苗效力、免疫原性和安全性，并达到预期评价目的和标准。同时基于体液免疫评价结果和免疫机制，阐明针对国内主流的2剂新冠灭活疫苗建立的免疫保护相对弱的实际情况，通过首次接种2剂mRNA疫苗，可突破免疫印迹，面对新的突变株提供有效的交叉保护。 SW-BIC-213：由“国产mRNA疫苗三剑客”之一的斯微生物自主研发的新冠mRNA疫苗，在老挝完成Ⅲ期临床并达到主要研究终点，该疫苗在研发设计中包含了Delta、Omicron等多种新冠病毒变异株均有的D614G突变，对新冠病毒流行株具保护效力，有一定广谱性。‌‌ 05 结语 与传统疫苗不同，mRNA疫苗可调整抗原设计，甚至允许组合来自多个变体的序列以响应病毒基因组中的新突变。目前mRNA疫苗所赋予的安全性和保护性是令人满意的，但长期保护作用需进一步临床研究确定。 参考文献  [1] Fang E, Liu X, Li M, et al. Advances in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine development[J]. Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 2022, 7(1): 94. [2] Li M, Wang H, Tian L, et al. COVID-19 vaccine development: milestones, lessons and prospects[J]. Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 2022, 7(1): 146. 识别微信二维码，添加生物制品圈小编，符合条件者即可加入 生物制品微信群！ 请注明：姓名+研究方向！ 版 权 声 明 本公众号所有转载文章系出于传递更多信息之目的，且明确注明来源和作者，不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系(cbplib@163.com)，我们将立即进行删除处理。所有文章仅代表作者观不本站。