Etravirine

点 击 蓝 字 关 注 我 们 汇报人：卢嘉杰 研究生一年级 今天汇报的文献题目为《Bridging antiviral drug discovery with a large language model-powered framework》，2026年发表于communications biology。该论文来自北京大学基础医学院生物医学信息学系、北京大学医学部系统生物医学研究所等机构。 病毒感染持续威胁人类健康，凸显了有效抗病毒药物的持续需求。抗病毒药物发现通常依赖两类策略：基于表型的药物发现，即 PBDD；以及基于靶点的药物发现，即 TBDD。然而，当前计算方法主要关注预测能够结合特定抗病毒相关靶点的化合物，而忽视了抗病毒表型的生物学相关性。 为解决这一问题，论文提出了 DeepAVC，这是一个由大语言模型驱动的框架，整合了用于 PBDD 的 DeepPAVC 和用于 TBDD 的 DeepTAVC。结果显示，DeepAVC 在抗病毒化合物预测方面优于现有基线方法，并且能够通过识别参与化合物—蛋白质相互作用的关键原子和残基，提供较高的可解释性。 此外，结果表明 DeepPAVC 和 DeepTAVC 彼此互补，并可协同使用。进一步的体外和体内实验也证实了 DeepAVC 的能力。最后，论文识别出 MNS 是一种新的广谱抗病毒化合物，其疗效优于 Sisunatovir。所有这些结果表明，DeepAVC 是一种用于抗病毒药物发现的有价值工具。 这篇高水平文章，并不是因为“用了大语言模型”，而是提出了一个具有普适性的抗病毒药物发现新范式：将表型驱动（PBDD）与靶点驱动（TBDD）统一到同一个LLM框架中，并通过计算预测、可解释性分析以及体内外实验验证形成完整闭环。 1 研究背景 由高传染性病毒引发的大流行，例如人类免疫缺陷病毒、丙型肝炎病毒、流感病毒和埃博拉病毒，长期以来对全球公共卫生构成持续且严重的威胁，并造成了大量死亡和经济损失。因此，开发有效的抗病毒疗法是应对大流行、挽救生命的紧迫任务。 目前，抗病毒策略大体可分为小分子药物和疫苗。疫苗能够有效诱导免疫反应并预防感染，而口服小分子抗病毒药物在灵活性、快速部署和较低生产成本方面具有优势，因此同样不可或缺，尤其是在疫情暴发早期。然而，传统抗病毒药物发现仍然缓慢、昂贵且劳动密集，通常需要十年以上时间和超过 20 亿美元才能将一种新药推向市场。计算机辅助药物设计方法，例如分子对接和定量构效关系建模，已被用于部分加速这一过程。不过，这些方法高度依赖人工设计的特征和人类已有先验知识，并且在覆盖庞大的类药化合物化学空间方面存在可扩展性限制。类药化合物的化学空间估计范围可达 10²³ 到 10⁶⁰ 个分子。 近年来，机器学习和深度学习的进展几乎革新了药物发现与开发的所有阶段，包括新靶点识别、分子设计与优化、疾病机制解释，以及生物标志物发现。尤其值得注意的是，面向生物学领域设计的大语言模型，已经在多个下游任务中达到最先进水平，包括蛋白质结构预测、分子性质预测和药物反应预测。基于这些进展，许多机器学习和人工智能方法被提出用于生物活性预测，包括 DeepCPI、DeepDTA、GraphDTA、DeepConvDTI、TransformerCPI、MolTrans、ColdstartCPI、DTIAM 和 GraphBAN。这些模型通常采用不同神经网络架构分别编码化合物特征和蛋白质特征，然后通过特征融合模块和下游预测器，例如多层感知机，来估计化合物—蛋白质结合亲和力。在这些方法中，还有一些专门使用化合物—抗病毒靶点相互作用数据集设计的方法，用于预测针对预定义靶点的抗病毒活性，包括 MMFA-DTA、MT-DTI、GDL 和 COVIDVS。总体而言，这些方法主要将生物活性定义为化合物与特定靶蛋白结合的能力，因此通常被称为药物—靶点相互作用预测模型。 在抗病毒药物发现领域，两种主要策略被广泛使用。第一种称为基于表型的药物发现，即 PBDD，它通过细胞实验中观察到的表型结果来识别具有抗病毒活性的化合物，例如抑制病毒复制或抑制病毒诱导的细胞病变效应，而不需要预先了解分子靶点。第二种称为基于靶点的药物发现，即 TBDD，它关注通过与特定病毒蛋白直接相互作用而发挥抗病毒作用的化合物，因此依赖关于靶点结构或功能的详细信息。 然而，当前用于抗病毒药物发现的计算方法存在若干关键限制：第一，由于缺乏大规模、高质量抗病毒表型筛选数据集，基于表型的模型不足；第二，由于缺乏针对抗病毒相关蛋白的高质量整理数据集，基于靶点的抗病毒模型受到限制；第三，化合物和靶点的特征表示仍不理想，大语言模型在这一领域的潜力尚未得到充分探索。此外，这些方法还存在 PBDD 与 TBDD 策略整合不足的问题：基于表型的预测往往缺乏机制可解释性，而基于靶点的预测则容易产生较高的假阳性率。最后，面向抗病毒化合物发现的可访问端到端网络平台仍然不足，这限制了相关方法在研究社区中的更广泛采用。 为解决这些挑战，并统一 PBDD 与 TBDD 两种策略，论文提出了 DeepAVC——一个由大语言模型驱动的深度学习框架，用于综合性抗病毒药物发现。DeepAVC 整合了两个互补模型：面向 PBDD 设计的 DeepPAVC，以及面向 TBDD 定制的 DeepTAVC。这种双模型架构使其能够灵活应用于多种抗病毒药物发现场景，从表型筛选到由蛋白质信息引导的靶点特异性化合物识别。 结果显示，DeepPAVC 相比现有基线模型表现更优，AUROC 提升了 6.16%。DeepTAVC 在靶点 warm-start 设置下达到了与最先进方法相当的表现，而在更具挑战性的靶点 cold-start 设置下，则取得了显著的 AUROC 增益。为了验证 DeepAVC 识别新型抗病毒药物的能力，研究人员将 DeepPAVC 应用于 MedChemExpress，即 MCE 化合物库，进行基于表型的虚拟筛选。体外实验确认，所选候选物中有 93.3%，即 30 个中的 28 个，至少对一种病毒表现出抗病毒活性。随后，DeepTAVC 被进一步应用于最强效候选物 MNS 的靶点反卷积分析，结果提示整合素 β1 可能是一个合理的宿主靶点。 后续机制实验表明，MNS 并不会显著影响病毒吸附、内化或进入过程，而是在病毒进入后的阶段抑制病毒复制，并伴随病毒诱导炎症反应的减弱。综合来看，这些结果支持一种宿主导向的作用模式，而这一模式可能有助于解释 MNS 的广谱抗病毒表型。为了便于使用，研究团队还开发了一个面向抗病毒药物发现的用户友好型网络平台，并提供了示例教程，以促进实际应用。总体而言，这些结果表明，DeepAVC 是一个强大且具有泛化能力的框架，可用于加速抗病毒化合物发现。 2 研究结果 DeepAVC总体框架 大多数能够感染人类的致病病毒均为RNA病毒，由于其具有较高的突变率和快速适应能力，因此更容易引发急性感染及流行性疾病。其中，逆转录病毒（Retrovirus）是一类具有代表性的RNA病毒，其特点是在复制过程中能够将RNA基因组逆转录为DNA。典型逆转录病毒的生命周期主要包括九个阶段（图1a），每一个阶段均可作为抗病毒药物开发的潜在干预节点。针对这些关键阶段相关蛋白开发抑制剂属于基于靶点的药物发现（Target-Based Drug Discovery，TBDD）策略；而在缺乏明确靶点信息时，仅依据化合物本身预测其抗病毒活性，则属于基于表型的药物发现（Phenotype-Based Drug Discovery，PBDD）策略。为了同时支持这两种研究模式，作者提出了DeepAVC框架，该框架由两个互补模型组成，即用于表型预测的DeepPAVC和用于靶点预测的DeepTAVC。 为了支持模型构建与性能评估，作者首先分别建立了适用于两种应用场景的基准数据集。对于PBDD任务，作者从ChEMBL数据库中人工整理并筛选所有基于细胞实验的抗病毒活性数据，构建了PAVC数据集（补充图1），作为DeepPAVC模型的训练数据。对于TBDD任务，作者首先整合了ChEMBL数据库和BindingDB数据库中的化合物–蛋白结合亲和力数据，构建了CPI数据集（补充图2），用于DeepTAVC模型第一阶段训练；随后进一步筛选其中与抗病毒相关的相互作用数据，建立了TAVC数据集（补充图3），用于第二阶段训练。最终构建的TAVC数据集包含234个具有不同抗病毒作用机制的靶标蛋白，包括参与病毒复制、病毒进入以及宿主免疫应答等过程的重要蛋白（图1b，补充数据2）。 DeepPAVC模型以化合物的SMILES（Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System）表示作为输入，将其转换为二维分子图，并利用在大规模化学结构数据上预训练的大语言模型KPGT提取分子特征。随后，这些特征被输入多层感知机（MLP），输出化合物的抗病毒活性预测得分（图1c）。由于该模型仅依赖化合物本身的信息，而不需要额外冗余数据，因此具有较好的泛化能力，可应用于任意合法的小分子结构。 与DeepPAVC不同，DeepTAVC同时需要化合物和蛋白质作为输入。化合物特征仍采用与DeepPAVC相同的方法，由KPGT模型提取；蛋白质特征则由预训练蛋白质语言模型ESM-2根据输入的氨基酸序列直接生成。为了充分捕获同一模态内部以及不同模态之间的信息交互，作者将自注意力机制（Self-attention）与交叉注意力机制（Cross-attention）相结合完成特征融合，随后将融合后的化合物–蛋白质联合表示输入MLP，最终输出化合物–蛋白质相互作用预测得分（图1d）。 DeepPAVC与DeepTAVC的联合使用构建了更加完整的抗病毒药物发现策略。在PBDD应用场景中，对于一个候选化合物，首先利用DeepPAVC预测其整体抗病毒活性，然后利用DeepTAVC进一步预测其可能作用的蛋白靶标，从而推测其潜在作用机制。在TBDD应用场景中，则首先针对给定抗病毒相关靶标，利用DeepTAVC筛选具有结合潜力的候选化合物，随后再采用DeepPAVC评价这些候选分子是否同时具有抗病毒表型活性。该两步筛选策略能够有效降低假阳性率，提高具有明确靶点且具有真实抗病毒活性的候选药物的发现效率（图1e）。 图1 DeepAVC抗病毒药物发现框架概述 （a） 逆转录病毒生命周期示意图，展示了可作为抗病毒药物研发潜在干预靶点的九个关键阶段。（b） 按照抗病毒作用机制分类整理的234个抗病毒相关靶标分布情况。饼图显示了参与病毒复制、病毒侵入、宿主免疫应答及其他生物学过程相关靶标所占比例。（c） 用于基于表型药物发现（PBDD）的DeepPAVC模型架构。化合物SMILES首先经预训练分子语言模型KPGT编码，随后通过均值池化（mean pooling）获得分子整体表示，并输入多层感知机（MLP）预测化合物的抗病毒活性评分。（d） 用于基于靶点药物发现（TBDD）的DeepTAVC模型架构。化合物SMILES和蛋白质序列分别由KPGT和ESM-2进行编码，随后依次经过自注意力（self-attention）和交叉注意力（cross-attention）模块，并利用多层感知机输出化合物–蛋白质相互作用评分。（e） DeepPAVC与DeepTAVC在PBDD和TBDD两种药物发现模式中的协同应用示意图。图a由BioRender绘制（Kang, B., 2024，https://BioRender.com/r50f850）。图e中的部分图标来源于Flaticon，并依据相应许可协议使用。 DeepAVC在抗病毒化合物预测中的性能 DeepPAVC模型的预测性能在很大程度上依赖于化合物表征方式的质量。为此，作者首先在PAVC数据集上系统比较了多种分子编码策略在抗病毒化合物预测中的表现。这些编码方式包括RDKit生成的分子指纹和分子描述符，以及多个针对一维、二维和三维分子表示开发的预训练大语言模型编码器（补充说明1）。 模型性能采用受试者工作特征曲线下面积（AUROC）和精确率–召回率曲线下面积（AUPRC）进行评价。结果显示，在所有比较方法中，基于二维分子图表示的KPGT模型取得了最佳性能，其AUROC达到0.930，AUPRC达到0.926（图2a，补充图4，补充数据3）。作者认为，KPGT优异性能主要归因于其预训练过程中包含大量ChEMBL数据库中的化合物，因此能够学习到更加符合PAVC数据集化学空间分布的分子表示。基于这一结果，作者最终选择KPGT作为DeepPAVC和DeepTAVC共同使用的分子编码器。 随后，作者将DeepPAVC与多个基线模型进行了比较。其中，COVIDVS是目前唯一能够仅利用化合物信息预测抗病毒活性的开源模型，因此被作为主要对照模型。然而，由于COVIDVS最初主要针对冠状病毒抗病毒药物开发，因此缺乏广谱抗病毒预测能力。此外，作者还构建了两种基于二维分子图的图神经网络模型，即GCN和GAT，并在相同PAVC数据集上重新训练所有基线模型，以保证比较的公平性。 作者进一步比较了KPGT编码器的两种训练策略：一种是对整个模型进行微调（Fine-tuning），另一种则固定预训练编码器，仅训练分类头。与已有研究结果一致，本研究同样发现，全参数微调能够获得更好的预测性能。具体而言，经过微调的DeepPAVC模型AUROC达到0.931，而固定编码器时仅为0.907。在所有比较模型中，仅DeepPAVC的AUROC超过0.90，显示其能够仅依赖化合物信息准确预测广谱抗病毒活性。与性能最好的基线模型相比，DeepPAVC的AUROC提高了6.16%，AUPRC提高了6.26%（图2b，补充图5）。因此，作者最终选择微调后的DeepPAVC作为后续实验所采用的最终模型，其10折交叉验证结果见补充数据4。 对于DeepTAVC模型，由于现有的大多数药物–靶标相互作用（Drug–Target Interaction，DTI）预测模型主要面向广泛疾病相关蛋白，而并非专门针对抗病毒靶标，因此作者首先在一个广泛使用的公开DTI基准数据集上训练模型，以建立公平的比较基线。作者将这一通用版本命名为CADTI（Cross-Attention-based Drug–Target Interaction model）。CADTI与DeepTAVC采用完全相同的网络结构，但训练数据来源于通用DTI数据集。为了提高训练效率，作者在CADTI训练过程中固定了预训练的ESM-2蛋白质编码器，仅训练其余网络模块。 除CADTI外，作者还选择了MolTrans、TransformerCPI、DeepDTA、DeepConvDTI、DeepCPI、GraphDTA、ColdstartCPI、DTIAM以及GraphBAN共9种广泛应用的DTI预测模型作为基线。所有模型均在相同的公开数据集上重新训练和测试，以确保比较结果具有可比性。 为了更加全面地评价模型的泛化能力，作者依据验证集中化合物和蛋白质是否在训练集中出现，将测试样本划分为四种不同情景：已知化合物–已知蛋白（Seen compound–Seen protein，SS）、未知化合物–已知蛋白（US）、已知化合物–未知蛋白（SU）以及未知化合物–未知蛋白（UU）。 实验结果表明，当测试蛋白已出现在训练集中（SS和US场景）时，各模型整体均取得较高预测性能，AUROC普遍超过0.90。其中，CADTI表现最佳，在SS和US场景下分别取得0.967和0.965的AUROC；GraphBAN紧随其后，分别达到0.961和0.955。然而，当测试蛋白未出现在训练集中（SU和UU场景）时，所有模型性能均明显下降，说明未知靶标预测仍然是DTI研究中的主要挑战。尽管如此，CADTI依然保持最佳性能，在SU和UU场景下AUROC分别达到0.798和0.836，而排名第二的ColdstartCPI分别仅为0.759和0.774。因此，作者认为CADTI不仅能够在传统Target Warm-start任务中保持与当前先进模型相当的性能，而且在更加困难的Target Cold-start场景中具有明显优势，体现出更好的未知靶标泛化能力（图2c，补充数据5）。 为了进一步提升模型在抗病毒领域的预测能力，作者首先利用CPI数据集对CADTI进行预训练，使模型学习更加广泛的化合物–蛋白质相互作用规律；随后，再利用专门构建的TAVC数据集进行第二阶段微调，使模型能够适应抗病毒相关靶标。经过两阶段训练后形成最终的DeepTAVC模型，其预测性能进一步提高，AUROC由CADTI的0.8962提升至0.9154（补充图6）。这一结果说明，针对特定领域进行微调对于提高抗病毒药物发现模型的预测性能具有重要意义。 此外，作者还进一步评估了DeepTAVC在每一个抗病毒相关靶标上的预测能力。具体而言，对于TAVC数据集中的每个靶标，作者随机保留10%的化合物–靶标相互作用作为验证集，其余90%的样本用于微调预训练后的CADTI模型，从而分别建立针对单个靶标的预测模型。由于部分靶标存在严重类别不平衡，因此作者剔除了类别极度失衡的数据，以避免评价结果产生偏差。对于保留下来的每个靶标，作者报告了验证集上的AUPRC，并以该数据集中阳性样本比例作为基线进行比较。 结果显示，在所有评估的抗病毒相关靶标上，DeepTAVC获得的AUPRC均明显高于对应数据集的阳性比例，大多数靶标的AUPRC均超过0.60，说明模型具有良好的靶标预测能力。尤其是在多个宿主靶标上表现突出，包括半胱氨酰白三烯受体1（Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1，UniProt：Q9Y271）、β3肾上腺素能受体（Beta-3 adrenergic receptor，UniProt：P13945）以及G蛋白偶联受体183（G-protein coupled receptor 183，UniProt：P32249）；与此同时，对于多个关键病毒靶标同样取得了较好的预测效果，包括甲型流感病毒（H1N1）神经氨酸酶（Neuraminidase，UniProt：P03468）、HIV-1 Pol多聚蛋白（UniProt：Q72874）以及SARS-CoV-2复制酶多聚蛋白1ab（Replicase polyprotein 1ab，UniProt：P0DTD1）（补充图7，补充数据6）。 图2 DeepAVC模型性能评估与比较 （a） 不同分子表示方法在基于表型抗病毒化合物预测中的性能比较。柱状图表示10折交叉验证（n = 10）的平均AUROC，误差线表示标准差（s.d.），散点表示各折对应的AUROC值。比较方法包括传统RDKit生成的分子指纹及分子描述符（ECFP4/6、FCFP4/6、MACCS、RDKit描述符及分子描述符（MDs））、基于序列的分子语言模型（ChemBERTa、ChemBERTa-2、MolFormer和SELFFormer）、二维分子图预训练模型（KPGT、GROVER和MAT）以及三维结构预训练模型Uni-Mol。AUROC表示受试者工作特征曲线下面积；MDs表示分子描述符。 （b） DeepPAVC与各基线模型在基于表型抗病毒化合物预测任务中的性能比较。 （c） 在外部基准数据集上，不同药物–靶标相互作用（DTI）预测模型的性能比较。根据训练集中化合物和靶标是否出现，将测试样本划分为四种评价场景：已知化合物–已知蛋白（SS）、未知化合物–已知蛋白（US）、已知化合物–未知蛋白（SU）以及未知化合物–未知蛋白（UU）。柱状图表示平均AUROC，误差线表示标准差，散点表示各折对应的AUROC值。 利用DeepAVC虚拟筛选发现已知及新型抗病毒化合物 DeepAVC最重要的应用之一是能够在庞大的化学空间中快速完成抗病毒候选化合物的虚拟筛选。由于DeepPAVC仅需输入化合物结构信息，因此特别适合大规模高通量筛选。为此，作者选择了8个具有代表性的化合物数据库开展虚拟筛选（补充数据7），这些数据库覆盖了不同类型及不同规模的化合物，规模从10⁴至10⁸个化合物不等。例如，DrugBank主要收录FDA批准上市药物，而MedChemExpress（MCE）数据库则主要包含商业化生物活性小分子。 为了直观展示筛选结果，作者首先利用DeepPAVC提取各数据库中所有化合物的分子特征，再采用t-分布随机邻域嵌入（t-SNE）方法降维至二维空间，并根据DeepPAVC预测得到的抗病毒评分进行着色。结果显示，高评分与低评分化合物形成了边界清晰、彼此分离的聚类区域，说明DeepPAVC能够有效区分具有潜在抗病毒活性的化合物与无活性化合物（图3a）。 随后，作者将预测得分0.9作为筛选阈值，对8个数据库中的所有化合物进行分类。结果显示，各数据库中预测具有潜在抗病毒活性的化合物平均约占11%，不同数据库范围介于2.3%至26.1%之间（图3b）。这说明，在PBDD应用场景下，DeepPAVC能够作为一种高效的抗病毒活性预筛选工具，在超大规模化合物库筛选过程中快速剔除约90%的无活性化合物，从而显著降低后续实验筛选成本。 作者进一步评估了DeepPAVC识别已知抗病毒药物的能力。研究首先从DrugBank数据库中收集所有FDA批准上市药物，并依据ATC（Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical）分类系统进行分组。随后，以DeepPAVC预测得分0.5作为阈值，将药物划分为预测具有抗病毒活性和预测无抗病毒活性两类，并统计十大ATC类别中预测具有抗病毒活性的药物比例。结果显示，J05类别（Systemic antivirals，用于全身治疗的抗病毒药物）具有最高比例的预测阳性化合物，明显高于其他治疗类别（图3c，补充数据8）。这一结果进一步证明，DeepPAVC能够优先识别临床已知的抗病毒药物，具有良好的生物学可信度。 除识别已知抗病毒药物外，作者还利用DeepPAVC对MCE化合物库进行了排序筛选。结果显示，ST-193、Berzosertib、Roblitinib以及HIV-1 inhibitor-8均位列预测得分最高的候选化合物。其中，HIV-1 inhibitor-8此前已有文献报道具有抗病毒活性，其与已上市抗病毒药物Etravirine的Tanimoto相似性为0.4928；而ST-193、Berzosertib及Roblitinib与任何已知抗病毒药物的最大Tanimoto相似性均低于0.2。这说明，DeepPAVC并非仅仅依赖分子结构相似性来筛选候选化合物，而能够识别具有全新分子骨架的新型抗病毒候选药物（图3d）。 与DeepPAVC不同，DeepTAVC主要面向基于靶点的药物发现。对于给定的目标蛋白，DeepTAVC能够快速筛选具有潜在结合能力并可能具有抗病毒活性的候选化合物。由于HIV至今仍是全球重要公共卫生威胁，且作为典型逆转录病毒，其生命周期包括多个可干预阶段，因此作者选择HIV-1逆转录酶（UniProt ID：Q72547）作为模型靶标开展虚拟筛选。作者首先利用DeepTAVC对DrugBank数据库进行筛选，获得预测最有可能与HIV-1逆转录酶结合的候选药物。其中包括Etravirine、Doravirine、Capravirine以及Rilpivirine（补充图8），这些药物均已获得FDA批准或正处于临床开发阶段，属于非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂（Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors，NNRTIs）。这一结果进一步证明，DeepTAVC能够准确检索已知的靶点特异性抗病毒药物。 为了进一步验证DeepTAVC发现新型抑制剂的能力，作者将筛选范围扩展至ChEMBL数据库，并采用DeepTAVC与DeepPAVC联合筛选策略（图1e）。首先，DeepTAVC对约240万个ChEMBL化合物进行预测，仅保留预测得分高于0.99的化合物，共获得68,796个初筛命中物。随后，再利用DeepPAVC重新评价这些候选分子的表型抗病毒活性，仅保留DeepPAVC预测得分同样高于0.99的化合物，最终得到7,265个候选分子。作者指出，这种两阶段筛选策略能够有效剔除虽然能够结合靶标、但缺乏真实抗病毒表型活性的假阳性化合物。 随后，作者进一步采用Lipinski五规则（Rule of Five）、Veber规则、PAINS过滤器、Brenk结构警示以及合成可及性评分等多项药物化学评价标准，对候选化合物进行进一步筛选，最终将候选数量缩减至103个。最后，采用AutoDock Vina进行分子对接，根据结合自由能排序，最终筛选出前20个最优候选化合物（图4a）。 为了评价这些候选分子的化学空间覆盖范围，作者比较了测试集、整个筛选数据库以及最终命中化合物与DeepTAVC训练集之间的最大Tanimoto相似性。结果发现，最终筛选得到的候选化合物与整个ChEMBL数据库具有相似的相似性分布，但整体低于测试集，说明这些候选化合物位于模型训练数据覆盖范围之外的化学空间。因此，作者认为，对于这类目标导向筛选结果，在解释其泛化能力时应保持谨慎（补充图9）。这一现象也反映了ChEMBL数据库规模庞大、化学结构高度多样，而训练数据难以完全覆盖整个化学空间的客观事实。 AutoDock Vina对接结果显示，所有候选化合物均能够较好地结合HIV-1逆转录酶（PDB ID：2JLE），预测结合能介于−8.33至−10.45 kcal/mol之间（补充数据9）。作者指出，HIV-1逆转录酶NNRTI结合口袋属于典型的疏水性隧道结构，能够容纳呈"蝴蝶状（butterfly-like）"构象的小分子，同时该结合口袋具有较高的构象可塑性，可适应不同类型配体。与这一结构特征一致，筛选获得的大多数候选化合物均具有双环核心骨架，这是NNRTI类药物中较为常见的结构特征，能够较好地嵌入疏水结合腔并保持构象适应能力。因此，作者认为这些候选化合物在结构上具有典型NNRTI结合模式的特征。 图3 基于DeepPAVC的广谱抗病毒化合物表型虚拟筛选 （a） 外部筛选化合物库的t-SNE降维可视化结果，颜色表示DeepPAVC预测的抗病毒活性评分（红色表示评分较高，蓝色表示评分较低）。 （b） 根据DeepPAVC预测评分阈值，对八个筛选化合物库中的抗病毒化合物与非抗病毒化合物比例进行预测。 （c） DrugBank数据库中不同解剖学治疗学化学分类（ATC）药物类别内预测抗病毒化合物和非抗病毒化合物的比例。DeepPAVC评分大于0.5的化合物被判定为预测具有抗病毒活性，评分小于或等于0.5的化合物被判定为预测无抗病毒活性。柱状图上方数字表示各ATC类别包含的化合物总数。 （d） MCE化合物库中排名靠前的候选化合物及其最相似的已知抗病毒药物。相似性数值表示候选化合物与其最接近已知抗病毒药物之间的Tanimoto相似系数。 DeepTAVC识别耐药相关突变导致的药物结合差异 为了进一步评估DeepTAVC是否能够识别病毒耐药突变对药物结合能力的影响，作者选择了HIV-1逆转录酶中三种经典的非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂（NNRTIs）耐药突变——K103N、Y181C和Y188L——作为研究对象。作者通过修改输入蛋白序列，将突变体与野生型序列分别输入DeepTAVC模型，并比较不同NNRTIs在两种蛋白上的预测结合得分。 结果显示，这三种耐药突变并未对所有NNRTIs产生一致影响，而是表现出明显的药物依赖性差异，说明DeepTAVC能够捕捉不同耐药突变对不同化学类型NNRTIs所造成的特异性影响。 对于K103N突变，多种第一代NNRTIs（尤其是Nevirapine、Efavirenz和Delavirdine）的预测结合得分均明显下降，而第二代NNRTIs整体变化较小，提示后者对这一临床最常见耐药突变具有更好的耐受性。 对于Y181C突变，第一代NNRTIs同样表现出较大的预测得分下降，而多种第二代NNRTIs仅出现轻微变化，甚至几乎保持稳定。这一结果与已有研究关于结合口袋局部构象改变导致不同药物敏感性差异的认识一致。 相比之下，Y188L突变导致多数NNRTIs预测结合得分均出现较明显下降，但Rilpivirine受到的影响相对较小，其预测得分变化明显低于其他多数NNRTIs（图4g）。 综合上述结果，作者认为，DeepTAVC能够较好地捕获经典NNRTI耐药突变所产生的药物敏感性变化模式，具有一定的生物学合理性。然而，作者同时指出，目前的分析仍属于初步研究，仅考虑了部分单点突变，并未进一步模拟多个耐药突变共同存在时的组合效应、高阶上位性（epistasis）以及与实验耐药倍数之间的定量对应关系，因此仍有进一步完善的空间。 图4 基于DeepTAVC的HIV-1靶向虚拟筛选 （a） 利用DeepTAVC针对HIV-1逆转录酶（RT）开展基于靶点虚拟筛选的整体流程，筛选数据库为ChEMBL。（b） 针对HIV-1逆转录酶筛选得到的代表性高排名候选化合物及其最相似的参考非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂（NNRTIs）。图中同时给出了各化合物的AutoDock Vina对接评分以及在所采用计算流程下获得的MM/GBSA结合自由能。（c） CHENBL234282与HIV-1逆转录酶形成复合物时的MM/GBSA结合自由能分解结果，并与Doravirine复合物进行比较。（d） HIV-1逆转录酶–CHEMBL234282复合物的MM/GBSA逐残基结合自由能分解结果，突出显示对结合贡献最大的关键氨基酸残基。（e） CHEMBL234282在HIV-1逆转录酶NNRTI结合口袋中的预测结合构象，并标注主要相互作用残基。（f） HIV-1逆转录酶晶体结构（PDB：2JLE）中共结晶配体的结合模式，作为参考。（g） HIV-1逆转录酶耐药突变K103N、Y181C和Y188L对代表性NNRTIs预测结合评分的影响（Δscore = 突变体评分 − 野生型评分）。 DeepPAVC与DeepTAVC的互补性提高了抗病毒药物发现能力 作者指出，DeepPAVC和DeepTAVC分别从不同角度描述抗病毒药物发现过程，两者具有明显的互补优势，联合应用能够有效弥补各自模型的局限性。 一方面，DeepPAVC能够作为抗病毒活性过滤器（activity filter），既能够去除DeepTAVC产生的假阳性结果，也能够补充其遗漏的真正活性化合物。作者认为，这是因为并非所有能够与靶蛋白结合的化合物都具有细胞水平的抗病毒活性；相反，一些真正具有较强抗病毒作用的化合物可能通过其他作用机制发挥效应，而这些机制并不属于特定靶标模型能够识别的范围。因此，引入基于表型的预测模型能够有效提高虚拟筛选结果的准确性和稳定性。 为了验证这一观点，作者选择流感病毒血凝素（Hemagglutinin，PDB ID：8SD2）作为代表性抗病毒靶标开展案例分析。血凝素是流感病毒侵入宿主细胞过程中发挥关键作用的重要蛋白，也是经典抗流感药物的重要作用靶点。作者从ChEMBL数据库提取与流感相关的化合物活性数据，同时分别计算DeepPAVC预测的抗病毒活性得分以及DeepTAVC预测的血凝素结合得分。 首先，以CHEMBL7004为例，该化合物在细胞实验中的EC₅₀为47.86 μM，通常被认为抗病毒活性较弱甚至无活性。然而，DeepTAVC却预测其具有较高的结合得分（0.9941），AutoDock Vina对接结果同样显示其结合自由能达到−7.7 kcal/mol，提示该化合物能够较好地结合血凝素。这属于典型的假阳性情况，即具有较强结合能力，却缺乏真实抗病毒活性。相比之下，DeepPAVC预测其抗病毒得分仅为0.0002，成功将其识别为无活性化合物。因此，DeepPAVC能够有效过滤掉DeepTAVC产生的此类假阳性结果。 相反，CHEMBL4103104则代表另一种情况。该化合物在细胞实验中的EC₅₀仅为8.32 nM，说明其具有极强的抗病毒活性。然而，DeepTAVC预测其血凝素结合得分仅为0.0001，AutoDock Vina预测结合能也仅为−3.7 kcal/mol，提示其几乎不与血凝素结合。这可能是由于该化合物通过其他抗病毒机制发挥作用，而并非直接作用于血凝素，因此属于基于靶标筛选中的假阴性。 值得注意的是，DeepPAVC却给予该化合物0.9999的抗病毒预测得分，成功识别其具有极强抗病毒活性。因此，DeepPAVC不仅能够过滤DeepTAVC产生的假阳性结果，同时还能弥补其无法识别非靶标作用机制所造成的假阴性，从而降低整体漏检率（补充图10a）。 综合上述分析，作者认为，DeepPAVC与DeepTAVC联合应用能够显著提高虚拟筛选的可靠性。DeepPAVC不仅能够剔除DeepTAVC产生的假阳性，还能够重新发现被DeepTAVC遗漏的真正命中化合物，从而实现更加全面、更加准确的抗病毒候选药物筛选。 另一方面，DeepTAVC还能为DeepPAVC筛选得到的候选化合物提供作用机制解释。为验证这一能力，作者首先利用DeepPAVC对ChEMBL数据库进行虚拟筛选，获得了一批预测具有较高抗病毒活性的候选化合物。在这些高评分化合物中，作者随机选取了CHEMBL585351作为代表，其DeepPAVC预测得分为1.0，提示该化合物具有极强的潜在抗病毒活性。 随后，作者利用DeepTAVC预测CHEMBL585351与多个已知抗病毒靶标之间的结合能力。结果显示，该化合物与HIV-1逆转录酶（UniProt ID：Q72547）的预测结合得分最高，为1.0，提示HIV-1逆转录酶可能是该化合物发挥抗病毒作用的潜在功能靶标。 为了进一步从结构层面验证这一预测结果，作者采用AutoDock Vina对CHEMBL585351与HIV-1逆转录酶（PDB ID：2JLE）进行了分子对接分析，以获得初步的计算机模拟结构信息。值得注意的是，2JLE晶体结构中的共结晶配体同样获得了DeepTAVC预测得分1.0，在作者采用的对接参数下，其Vina预测结合自由能为−9.6 kcal/mol。相比之下，CHEMBL585351获得了更优的结合能，为−11.7 kcal/mol，说明在当前计算模型下，该化合物可能具有更加稳定的结合构象。 进一步分析预测结合模式发现，CHEMBL585351与共结晶配体在HIV-1逆转录酶NNRTI结合口袋中具有高度相似的结合方式。两种配体均可与TYR188和TRP229形成π–π堆积作用，同时均能够与LYS101形成氢键。此外，CHEMBL585351还额外与ASP186形成一条氢键，这可能是其获得更优对接评分的重要原因（补充图10b）。 根据已有文献报道，2JLE晶体中的共结晶配体对HIV-1逆转录酶的IC₅₀为384 nM，同时其DeepPAVC预测得分也为1.0，说明该化合物既具有明确的靶点活性，也具有真实的抗病毒表型。由于CHEMBL585351同样具有上述预测特征，并且表现出较好的分子对接结果，因此作者认为，该化合物可作为值得进一步实验验证的新型抗病毒候选分子。然而，作者同时强调，目前所有结果均来源于计算预测，尚不能据此推断CHEMBL585351的实际IC₅₀或真实生物学活性。 综合上述分析，作者认为，DeepPAVC与DeepTAVC具有明显的协同优势：不仅能够更加准确地筛选候选化合物，而且能够进一步解析其潜在作用机制，从而建立一个兼具预测能力、可解释性和完整性的抗病毒药物发现框架。 基于DeepPAVC分子表示构建药物相似性网络用于药物重定位 药物重定位（Drug Repurposing，也称Drug Repositioning）是指发现已上市或已有适应证药物的新治疗用途。由于该策略能够显著降低研发成本、缩短研发周期，因此近年来已成为抗病毒药物开发的重要方向。 为了实现抗病毒药物重定位，作者基于DeepPAVC学习得到的分子表示构建了药物相似性网络。具体而言，作者首先利用DeepPAVC提取DrugBank数据库约1万个化合物的分子嵌入（molecular embedding），随后计算任意两个化合物之间的余弦相似度（cosine similarity）。 在构建得到的相似性网络中，每一个化合物对应一个节点；当两个节点之间的余弦相似度大于0.2时，即建立一条连接边。为了保持网络稀疏性及良好的可解释性，每个节点最多仅保留20个最近邻化合物。 为了展示该网络的应用价值，作者选择FDA批准用于治疗HIV/AIDS的抗逆转录病毒药物Dolutegravir（DTG）作为中心节点，并提取其局部相似性子网络（补充图11）。 结果显示，DTG与多种已知抗HIV药物形成了紧密聚类，包括Rilpivirine、Delavirdine、Etravirine、Nevirapine以及Zidovudine。这一结果说明，在DeepPAVC学习得到的嵌入空间中，具有相似抗病毒药理作用的化合物能够自然聚集在一起。 更值得关注的是，该子网络中还包含了一些原本并非用于抗病毒治疗的药物。例如，抗肿瘤药物Trametinib和Pazopanib均与DTG表现出较高的相似性。 作者进一步结合已有文献进行了验证。已有研究报道，Trametinib具有抑制淋巴细胞性脉络丛脑膜炎病毒（LCMV）感染的抗病毒活性；另一方面，Pazopanib也被证实能够以剂量依赖方式抑制人肠道病毒71型（EV-A71）的复制。这些研究结果说明，这些原本用于非病毒性疾病治疗的药物可能具有尚未充分认识的抗病毒潜力，因此有望作为药物重定位的重要候选分子。 综合来看，作者认为，基于DeepPAVC构建的药物相似性网络能够有效按照抗病毒作用特征对药物进行聚类，同时为从现有非抗病毒药物中发现新的抗病毒候选药物提供了一种具有实际应用价值的计算工具。 DeepTAVC通过识别关键官能团和结合残基揭示模型可解释性 DeepTAVC模型引入了交叉注意力机制（cross-attention mechanism），用于捕获化合物与蛋白质之间的跨模态相互作用。基于这一网络结构，模型能够提取注意力权重（attention score），从而反映不同化合物原子和蛋白质氨基酸残基在结合过程中的相对重要性。 为了展示这一能力，作者选择了Doravirine与HIV-1逆转录酶形成的共晶结构（PDB ID：4NCG）作为研究对象。Doravirine是一种具有良好口服生物利用度的非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂（NNRTI），其能够在HIV-1逆转录酶活性口袋内形成多种稳定相互作用，从而产生较高的结合亲和力（补充图12a）。 作者利用DeepTAVC提取了Doravirine与蛋白之间的交叉注意力图（attention map），并将Doravirine各个原子的注意力得分归一化至0～1之间。结果显示，多个原子获得了较高的注意力权重，包括第3和第4位氮原子（N）、第24位氯原子（Cl）以及第25位碳原子（C）（补充图12b）。 进一步结合晶体结构分析发现，第3位和第4位氮原子能够与HIV-1逆转录酶中的LYS103形成氢键；而第24位氯原子和第25位碳原子则共同组成了Doravirine分子中的三氟甲基（trifluoromethyl）基团。该基团能够提高分子的疏水性，使Doravirine更容易进入蛋白质疏水性结合口袋，从而增强结合亲和力。上述结果说明，DeepTAVC生成的注意力图能够有效识别参与化合物–蛋白质相互作用的关键官能团及重要原子。 除了注意力图分析外，作者还采用了扰动遮蔽分析（perturbation masking analysis）进一步识别具有重要功能的化学亚结构。具体而言，作者首先利用KPGT获得输入化合物每一个原子的嵌入表示，然后依次将单个原子的特征向量替换为全零向量，实现逐原子遮蔽；随后将遮蔽后的分子重新输入DeepTAVC，并计算预测结合得分相对于原始分子的变化幅度。若某一原子被遮蔽后导致预测得分下降越明显，则说明该原子对模型预测的重要性越高。 总体来看，扰动遮蔽分析得到的结果与注意力图具有较高一致性。例如，两种方法均认为Doravirine的第3位氮原子属于最重要的关键原子之一。然而，两种解释方法也存在一定差异。注意力图更倾向于突出某些取代基的重要性，例如第24位氯原子及第25位三氟甲基；而扰动遮蔽分析则更加突出芳香环骨架内部原子的贡献，例如第10位碳原子的重要性更高（补充图12c）。 作者认为，这种差异来源于两种解释方法的本质不同。扰动遮蔽分析通过直接修改输入特征，因此更容易突出那些删除后会导致整体预测结果发生较大变化的骨架原子；而注意力图则仅反映模型内部学习到的信息分配模式，并不会真正改变分子结构。因此，两种方法提供的是互补而非重复的可解释性信息。同时作者强调，仅依据注意力权重本身并不能直接证明某一原子具有真正的因果作用，因此应结合其他解释方法共同分析。 随后，作者进一步评估DeepTAVC是否能够从蛋白质角度提供可解释性分析。为此，作者计算了HIV-1逆转录酶序列中每一个氨基酸残基的相对活性变化评分（relative activity change score）。该评分反映单个残基发生扰动后对化合物–蛋白结合能力的影响程度，绝对值越高，说明该残基在结合过程中越重要。 结果显示，位于RT_Rtv功能结构域（第44–234位氨基酸）内的残基整体具有明显高于其他区域的评分（补充图12d）。由于RT_Rtv结构域是HIV-1逆转录酶发挥催化功能所必需的核心区域，因此这一结果具有良好的生物学合理性。 此外，位于Doravirine结合口袋附近的多个关键残基，包括K101、T106、Y188和M229，均表现出较高的突变敏感性（补充图12e），提示这些氨基酸在配体结合过程中发挥关键作用。进一步分析晶体结构发现，Doravirine的苯环能够分别与TYR188和TRP229形成π–π堆积作用，这与模型预测得到的高敏感性残基完全一致，也进一步验证了DeepTAVC解释结果的可信度（图4g）。 综上所述，作者认为，DeepTAVC不仅能够在原子水平识别影响药物结合的重要化学基团，还能够在氨基酸残基水平揭示关键结合位点，从而为抗病毒药物发现提供具有机制解释能力的人工智能模型。 DeepAVC预测结果的实验验证发现MNS是一种具有广谱抗病毒活性的候选化合物 作者进一步结合体外和体内实验，对DeepAVC筛选得到的抗病毒候选化合物进行了实验验证。首先，利用DeepPAVC对MedChemExpress（MCE）化合物库（约20,000个化合物）进行虚拟筛选，以预测抗病毒评分大于0.99作为初筛标准，共获得1,810个候选化合物。随后，依据Lipinski五规则和Veber规则进行药物相似性筛选，候选化合物数量减少至854个；进一步利用PAINS和Brenk结构警示规则去除可能具有非特异性干扰作用的化合物后，最终保留543个候选分子。为了优先筛选具有新颖性的抗病毒候选药物，作者结合PubChem数据库注释及已有文献，剔除了已报道具有抗病毒活性的化合物，仅保留3种已知抗病毒药物作为阳性对照，最终确定30个候选化合物进入实验验证阶段（图5a）。为了进一步评估这些候选化合物的化学空间覆盖情况，作者比较了其与DeepPAVC训练集之间的最大Tanimoto相似性，并与测试集及整个筛选化合物库进行了比较。结果显示，这30个最终候选化合物与训练集的相似性高于整个筛选库，但仍低于测试集（补充图13），说明这些实验验证化合物主要位于模型训练数据能够覆盖的化学空间，同时仍保持一定程度的结构新颖性。 随后，作者对这30个候选化合物进行了广谱抗病毒活性评价，分别选择DNA病毒单纯疱疹病毒1型（HSV-1 F株）、正链RNA病毒脑心肌炎病毒（EMCV）和小鼠肝炎病毒A59株（MHV-A59），以及负链RNA病毒甲型流感病毒PR8株（IAV-PR8）和水泡性口炎病毒（VSV）作为代表性病毒模型，并于化合物处理后采用RT-qPCR检测病毒RNA复制水平。结果表明，在30个候选化合物中，有28个能够抑制至少一种病毒的复制，其中6个化合物能够同时显著抑制上述五种病毒，表现出良好的广谱抗病毒活性（图5b，补充数据12）。 在所有候选化合物中，13号化合物NVP-BVU972和18号化合物MNS表现出最为显著的抗病毒活性。为了进一步评价其抗病毒效果，作者以目前处于临床研究阶段的抗病毒药物Sisunatovir（9号化合物）作为阳性对照进行比较（图5c）。结果显示，MNS在10 μM浓度下即可对五种病毒均表现出极强的抑制作用，使病毒载量降低95%以上，其抗病毒效果明显优于相同浓度下的NVP-BVU972和Sisunatovir（补充数据12）。随后，作者进一步采用流式细胞术（补充图14）和Western blot实验（图5d，补充图15）进行了验证，两种实验结果均进一步证实了MNS具有优异的抗病毒活性。此外，作者利用表达绿色荧光蛋白的VSV-GFP作为报告病毒，通过荧光显微镜直接观察病毒感染情况。结果显示，三种候选化合物均能够不同程度降低病毒复制，而MNS在10 μM浓度下几乎完全消除了HeLa细胞中的VSV感染信号（图5e，补充图16）。 为了进一步评价代表性候选化合物的治疗窗口，作者测定了各化合物的细胞毒性（CC₅₀）、抗病毒活性（EC₅₀）以及选择指数（SI=CC₅₀/EC₅₀）。结果显示，MNS具有最佳的综合药效学特征，其CC₅₀为102.2 μM，EC₅₀为8.505 μM，选择指数达到12.02；相比之下，NVP-BVU972的CC₅₀为95.09 μM，EC₅₀为21.42 μM，选择指数为4.44，而Sisunatovir的CC₅₀为104.3 μM，EC₅₀为37.36 μM，选择指数仅为2.79。上述结果进一步表明，MNS所表现出的广谱抗病毒活性并非来源于非特异性的细胞毒性，而是在保持较低毒性的同时具有更高的抗病毒效力，因此较另外两种代表性候选化合物具有更大的治疗窗口和更好的开发潜力（补充图17）。 图5 DeepAVC预测结果的实验验证表明MNS是一种具有广谱抗病毒活性的候选化合物 （a） 利用DeepPAVC对MCE化合物库（约20,000个化合物）进行表型虚拟筛选的流程，包括药物相似性筛选、PAINS和Brenk结构警示过滤以及去除已知抗病毒化合物，最终获得30个候选化合物。（b） 30个候选化合物对五种病毒的抗病毒活性检测结果，采用RT-qPCR测定脑心肌炎病毒（EMCV）、单纯疱疹病毒1型（HSV-1）、甲型流感病毒（IAV）、小鼠肝炎病毒（MHV）及水泡性口炎病毒（VSV）的病毒RNA相对水平。热图颜色表示抗病毒活性强弱（颜色越深表示抑制作用越强）。星号表示与DMSO对照组相比具有统计学差异，采用双侧非配对Student's t检验分析。数据来源于3次独立生物学重复（n = 3）。ns，P > 0.05；*P < 0.05；**P < 0.01；***P < 0.001；****P < 0.0001。（c） Sisunatovir（9号化合物）、NVP-BVU972（13号化合物）和MNS（18号化合物）的化学结构。（d） HeLa细胞感染VSV后分别给予Sisunatovir、NVP-BVU972或MNS（10、20、40 μM）处理的免疫印迹（Western blot）分析结果，以DMSO作为溶剂对照。GFP作为病毒蛋白表达指标，β-actin作为内参。图中展示至少3次独立实验中的代表性结果，完整印迹见补充图15。（e） HeLa细胞感染VSV-GFP后分别给予Sisunatovir、NVP-BVU972或MNS（10 μM）处理的明场及GFP荧光显微图像，以DMSO作为对照。图像为至少3次独立实验中的代表性结果。比例尺=100 μm。 靶点解析及机制研究支持MNS通过宿主靶向的病毒侵入后机制发挥抗病毒及抗炎作用 为了阐明MNS发挥抗病毒作用的分子机制，作者首先进行了靶点解析（target deconvolution）分析。首先，利用DeepTAVC模型预测MNS与234个经典抗病毒相关靶标之间的结合潜力。然而，结果显示，没有任何靶标的预测结合得分超过0.5，提示MNS不太可能通过直接作用于模型所包含的已知抗病毒相关靶标而发挥抗病毒效应。随后，作者进一步扩大了预测范围，利用CADTI模型预测MNS与CADTI框架中包含的6,193个蛋白靶标之间的相互作用，并依据预测结合得分对所有靶标进行排序。结合预测结果、已有文献证据及生物学相关性分析，整合素β1（Integrin beta-1，ITGB1；UniProt ID：P05556）被确定为最有可能的候选作用靶标，其预测结合得分高达0.9945（补充数据13）。为了初步评价二者之间的相互作用，作者进一步采用ITGB1晶体结构（PDB ID：8W30）进行了分子对接分析。结果显示，在所采用的对接条件下，MNS的预测结合能为−5.42 kcal/mol，而共结晶配体的结合能为−6.53 kcal/mol，提示MNS能够形成一种计算上合理的结合构象。然而，作者同时强调，这一结果仅来源于计算模拟，尚不足以证明MNS能够与ITGB1发生真实的直接结合。 作者指出，ITGB1是介导细胞–细胞外基质黏附以及Integrin–FAK–Src信号通路的重要分子，在多种病毒感染过程中发挥关键作用，可作为病毒直接受体、共受体或宿主辅助因子参与病毒侵入、胞内运输及复制等多个阶段。此外，ITGB1相关信号通路还参与炎症反应调控，并能够促进有利于病毒复制的细胞内环境形成。因此，上述研究结果支持ITGB1可能是MNS发挥宿主靶向抗病毒作用的重要宿主因子，但这一假设仍需进一步实验验证。 为了进一步明确MNS作用于病毒生命周期的具体阶段，作者分别以RNA病毒VSV和DNA病毒HSV-1为代表进行了加药时序（time-of-addition）实验。RT-qPCR检测结果显示，即使MNS分别于病毒感染后0、12或24 h加入培养体系，仍然能够显著抑制病毒RNA水平（图6a，补充图18a），说明MNS主要作用于病毒侵入后的阶段。与此同时，在4 ℃条件下进行的病毒吸附实验发现，MNS预处理并不会显著影响病毒与细胞表面的结合能力（图6b，补充图18b）；进一步在37 ℃同步内吞实验中，作者同样观察到MNS不会抑制病毒进入细胞的过程（图6c，补充图18c）。上述结果共同表明，MNS并非通过阻断病毒吸附或内吞发挥抗病毒作用，而是在病毒进入宿主细胞之后抑制病毒复制，更符合宿主靶向或胞内抗病毒机制的作用特点。 基于上述发现，作者进一步采用VSV感染小鼠模型评价MNS的体内抗病毒及抗炎活性。结果显示，与对照组相比，经MNS（30 mg/kg/day）治疗的野生型C57BL/6小鼠生存率明显提高（图6d）。同时，RT-qPCR检测发现，MNS处理后小鼠肝脏和脾脏中的病毒RNA水平显著下降，血液中的病毒载量也呈下降趋势（图6e）。此外，炎症因子检测结果表明，MNS能够明显减轻病毒感染诱导的炎症反应，在肝脏和脾脏中，Il1β和Il6表达水平均显著降低，而血液中的Tnfα水平也明显下降（补充图19）。 综上所述，作者认为MNS主要通过宿主靶向机制发挥广谱抗病毒作用。研究推测，MNS可能通过调控ITGB1相关信号通路，在病毒侵入宿主细胞后抑制病毒复制，并同时减轻病毒诱导的炎症反应，从而阻断有利于病毒复制的细胞内环境形成，最终在体内发挥良好的抗病毒保护作用。 图6 MNS作用阶段分析支持其通过宿主靶向的病毒侵入后机制发挥作用 （a） 加药时序实验（Time-of-addition assay）。RAW264.7细胞分别感染VSV或HSV-1（37 ℃，1 h）后洗涤，并于感染后0、10、20或40 h加入MNS（20 μM），于病毒感染24 h后采用RT-qPCR检测病毒RNA水平。柱状图表示平均值，误差线表示标准误（s.e.m.），散点表示各独立数据点。（b） 病毒吸附实验。RAW264.7细胞预冷后于4 ℃条件下与VSV或HSV-1共同孵育1 h，随后冰冷PBS洗涤，并采用RT-qPCR定量细胞表面结合的病毒基因组。柱状图表示平均值，误差线表示标准误，散点表示各独立数据点。（c） 病毒内吞实验。细胞于4 ℃完成病毒结合后，经PBS洗涤，再于37 ℃孵育60 min促进病毒内化，随后采用胰蛋白酶消化去除细胞表面未进入细胞的病毒，并采用RT-qPCR检测细胞内病毒RNA水平。图a–c的数据均来源于3次独立生物学重复（n = 3）。除特别说明外，统计学分析采用单因素方差分析（One-way ANOVA）。ns，P > 0.05；*P < 0.05；**P < 0.01；***P < 0.001；****P < 0.0001。（d） VSV腹腔感染小鼠后连续5 d给予MNS（30 mg/kg）治疗的小鼠生存曲线，采用Log-rank（Mantel–Cox）检验进行统计分析。（e） 对照组和MNS治疗组小鼠肝脏、脾脏及血液中VSV RNA水平的RT-qPCR定量分析。柱状图表示平均值，误差线表示标准误，散点表示各独立数据点（n = 6只/组）。统计学分析采用双侧非配对Student's t检验。 END

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Volume 81, Issue 1抗菌化疗杂志81卷 1期 https://academic.oup.com/jac/issue 50th Anniversary Collection（50周年纪念合集） Review（综述） 1 Artificial intelligence for improving decision-making in bacterial infection management: a narrative review 人工智能在改善细菌感染治疗决策中的应用：一项叙述性综述 Anisia Talianu and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf470, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf470 Reviews（综述） 2 Evolving landscape of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius: the emergence of new epidemic waves across Europe, Asia and North America 耐甲氧西林中间型葡萄球菌的演变格局：欧洲、亚洲和北美洲新流行浪潮的出现 Lillian Rose Giarratana and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf340, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf340 3 Azithromycin resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella: a review 非伤寒沙门氏菌对阿奇霉素的耐药性：综述 Zhe Zhu and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf341, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf341 4 Antibiotic pharmacodynamics: from MIC to advanced metrics and their applications 抗生素药效动力学：从最低抑菌浓度到高级指标及其应用 Malin Andersson and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf374, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf374 5 Progress in the study of drug resistance mechanism of Bacillus cereus 蜡样芽孢杆菌耐药机制研究进展 Yuhang Zhang and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf399, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf399 6 The curious constraints on clofazimine 氯法齐明的奇特限制 Maple Goh and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf430, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf430 7 Antiplasmid systems: a novel strategy to combat antibiotic resistance 抗质粒系统：对抗抗生素耐药性的新策略 Mohd Asim and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf472, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf472 Systematic Review（系统综述） 8 Coccidioidomycosis in Europe: a systematic literature review of epidemiology, treatment and outcomes 欧洲球孢子菌病：流行病学、治疗和预后的系统文献综述 Priya Shastri and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf407, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf407 9 Systematic review of antimicrobial pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic indices in murine thigh and hollow fibre dose fractionation studies analysed with a standard method 用标准方法分析小鼠大腿和空心纤维剂量分次研究中的抗菌药物药代动力学/药效动力学指数的系统综述 Najla Alabdulkarim and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf446, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf446 Virtual Roundtable（虚拟圆桌会议） 10 Procalcitonin in the management of lower respiratory tract infection and sepsis 降钙素原在下呼吸道感染和败血症治疗中的应用 Ramy H Elshaboury and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf298, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf298 Original Research（论著） 11 Model-based assessment of letermovir pharmacokinetics in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients 来特莫韦在异基因造血干细胞移植受者中药代动力学的基于模型的评估 Chrisoula Tahtsidou and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf427, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf427 12 In vitro exebacase (CF-301) activity against methicillin-susceptible or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci strains isolated from patients with infective endocarditis 体外试验评估依拉环素（CF-301）对甲氧西林敏感或甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌及凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（从感染性心内膜炎患者中分离）的活性 María-Alexandra Cañas and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf435, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf435 13 Evaluation of subcutaneous amoxicillin/clavulanic acid pharmacokinetics as an alternative to the intravenous route in older patients—the PhASAge Study 评估皮下注射阿莫西林/克拉维酸药代动力学作为老年患者静脉给药替代方案——PhASAge研究 Nicolas Grégoire and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf381, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf381 14 Real-life use of isavuconazole in Spanish children and adolescents 西班牙儿童和青少年中艾沙康唑的实际使用情况 Natalia Mendoza-Palomar and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf394, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf394 15 No pharmacovigilance signal of intracranial hypertension associated with glycylcyclines: a FAERS-based disproportionality analysis 基于FAERS数据库的不成比例性分析：未发现甘氨酰环素类与颅内高压相关的药物警戒信号 Slobodan M Jankovic and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf395, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf395 16 Posaconazole enteral tube administration in adults: pharmacokinetic target attainment of oral suspension compared with crushed delayed-release tablet 成人经肠内营养管给予泊沙康唑：口服混悬液与碾碎的缓释片的药代动力学目标达成情况比较 Nirjan Bhattarai and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf396, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf396 17 Characterizing CYP3A4-mediated drug interactions: a fixed-sequence pharmacokinetic Chinese study of posaconazole and ruxolitinib in haematological malignancies CYP3A4介导的药物相互作用特征：一项关于泊沙康唑和鲁索替尼在血液系统恶性肿瘤中的固定序列药代动力学中国研究 Beibei Liang and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf398, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf398 18 Differences in prescription for impetigo and cellulitis across years in three European countries 三个欧洲国家不同年份脓疱病和蜂窝织炎的处方差异 Thomas Bettuzzi and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf400, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf400 19 β-Lactam concentrations monitored in the early phase of community-acquired sepsis in the intensive care unit 重症监护室社区获得性脓毒症早期阶段监测的β-内酰胺浓度 Karolina Liljedahl Prytz and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf401, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf401 20 Enhanced antimycobacterial efficacy of simulated inhaled clofazimine versus oral clofazimine in combination with azithromycin and ethambutol in a hollow-fiber system 在空心纤维系统中，模拟吸入氯法齐明与口服氯法齐明联合阿奇霉素和乙胺丁醇的抗结核分枝杆菌疗效增强比较 Jelmer Raaijmakers and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf402, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf402 21 Identification of antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli through network diffusion 通过网络扩散法鉴定大肠杆菌中的抗生素耐药基因 Anis Mansouri and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf404, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf404 22 Preclinical evaluation of epetraborole in the hollow fibre system model of Mycobacterium abscessus lung disease 依培硼罗在脓肿分枝杆菌肺病空心纤维系统模型中的临床前评估 Sanjay Singh and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf405, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf405 23 The β-lactamase inhibitor concentration-dependent minimum inhibitory concentration (MICcBLI) as methodology to assess the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship of piperacillin/tazobactam for dosing optimization β-内酰胺酶抑制剂浓度依赖性最低抑菌浓度（MICcBLI）作为评估哌拉西林/他唑巴坦药代动力学/药效动力学关系以优化给药的方法 Malin Andersson and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf406, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf406 24 Unravelling the triad of penicillin-binding proteins, β-lactamase activity, and mRNA dynamics in Pseudomonas aeruginosa AmpC induction 解析铜绿假单胞菌AmpC诱导过程中青霉素结合蛋白、β-内酰胺酶活性和mRNA动态的三元关系 Maria Montaner and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf408, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf408 25 Unnoticed spread of linear VanA-plasmids in vancomycin-variable Enterococcus faecium strains across different regions: a diagnostics challenge 不同地区万古霉素可变型粪肠球菌菌株中线性VanA质粒的未被察觉的传播：一项诊断挑战 Ana C Almeida-Santos and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf409, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf409 26 Switching from etravirine to doravirine in virologically suppressed people with HIV: results from the French multicentre SWEED observational study 在病毒学抑制的HIV感染者中从依曲韦林切换至多拉韦林：法国多中心SWEED观察性研究的结果 Romain Palich and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf410, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf410 27 HIV-1 drug resistance among pregnant and breastfeeding mothers and its association with paediatric HIV infections in the Dolutegravir era in Uganda 乌干达多替拉韦时代孕产妇及哺乳期母亲中HIV-1耐药情况及其与儿童HIV感染的关联 Anne Kapaata and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf411, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf411 28 Outpatient antibiotic prescribing for medically attended respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, or human metapneumovirus illness among high-risk adults in rural Wisconsin, United States 美国威斯康星州农村地区高风险成人因呼吸道合胞病毒、流感或人偏肺病毒感染就诊时的门诊抗生素处方情况 Sarah C J Jorgensen and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf412, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf412 29 Omadacycline as a drug candidate for Mycobacterium avium infections: in vitro insights on single and combination therapies 奥马环素作为鸟分枝杆菌感染候选药物：单药及联合治疗的体外研究 Saskia E Mudde and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf413, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf413 30 Post-pandemic trends in Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype epidemiology and antibiotic susceptibility in adults with invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal disease in the USA (2022–2023) 后疫情时代美国成人侵袭性与非侵袭性肺炎链球菌病血清型流行病学及抗生素敏感性趋势（2022-2023） Mekki F Bensaci and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf414, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf414 31 Benznidazole pharmacokinetics in patients with chronic Chagas disease: association with demographic factors and adverse drug reactions 慢性恰加斯病患者苯芴醇药代动力学：与人口统计学因素及药物不良反应的关联 Gabriel P E Silveira and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf416, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf416 32 Acquired antimicrobial resistance genes in Bordetella Species: a global genomic analysis 博德特氏菌属中获得的抗菌药物耐药基因：全球基因组分析 Biao Tang and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf418, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf418 33 Machine learning for personalized antimicrobial susceptibility breakpoints: (Adaptive clinical breakpoint interpretation) 基于机器学习的个性化抗菌药物敏感性折点制定（自适应临床折点解释） Yinzheng Zhong and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf419, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf419 34 Multicentre investigation of Wickerhamomyces anomalus fungemia in India: emerging resistance and mechanistic insights 印度异常威克汉姆酵母菌血症的多中心研究：新发耐药性及机制洞察 Shristi Verma and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf420, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf420 35 Reducing aztreonam/avibactam waste: insights from Monte Carlo simulations 减少氨曲南/阿维巴坦浪费：蒙特卡洛模拟的启示 Yeleen Fromage and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf421, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf421 36 Nanoparticle-based co-delivery of ciprofloxacin and meropenem enhances synergistic activity against multidrug-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates 基于纳米颗粒的环丙沙星与美罗培南共递送可增强对多重耐药高毒力肺炎克雷伯菌临床分离株的协同活性 Reham Mostafa and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf422, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf422 37 Development of population pharmacokinetic models of total and free piperacillin in critically ill children and young adults for Monte Carlo simulations and model-informed precision dosing 危重症儿童及青年总游离哌拉西林群体药代动力学模型开发：用于蒙特卡洛模拟及模型引导的精准给药 Sonya Tang Girdwood and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf423, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf423 38 Reaching the target: time and dose required to achieve target vancomycin plasma concentrations in admitted patients 达标分析：住院患者达到目标万古霉素血浆浓度所需的时间与剂量 W Töpfer and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf424, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf424 39 Notable transmitted HIV drug resistance among people who inject drugs in Pakistan 巴基斯坦注射毒品人群中显著传播的HIV耐药性 Stephanie Melnychuk and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf425, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf425 40 Synergistic but clinically unattainable: amoxicillin/ceftriaxone combination against ampicillin-susceptible Enterococcus faecium 协同但临床难以实现：阿莫西林/头孢曲松联合对氨苄西林敏感粪肠球菌的体外活性 Ahmed Ashrin and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf426, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf426 41 Pharmacodynamic studies of taniborbactam (VNRX-5133) combined with cefepime against β-lactamase–producing Gram-negative bacteria in a neutropenic murine thigh infection model 中性粒细胞减少小鼠大腿感染模型中他尼硼巴坦（VNRX-5133）联合头孢吡肟对产β-内酰胺酶革兰氏阴性菌的药效动力学研究 Panagiota-Christina Georgiou and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf431, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf431 42 Epidemiology and treatment of endocarditis secondary to Enterobacterales other than Serratia spp. 非塞拉蒂亚属肠杆菌目细菌所致心内膜炎的流行病学及治疗 Clayton F Hausberger and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf432, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf432 43 Enhanced activity of apramycin and apramycin-based combinations against Mycobacteroides abscessus 阿普拉霉素及其组合对脓肿分枝杆菌的增强活性 Yanqin Huang and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf433, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf433 44 Efflux-mediated multidrug resistance mechanism in Trichophyton indotineae and Trichophyton rubrum; role of ABC transporters and MFS gene 印度毛癣菌与红色毛癣菌中由ABC转运蛋白和MFS基因介导的流出泵型多重耐药机制 Dipika Shaw and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf434, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf434 45 Sphingobacterium spp. as intrinsic producers of SPI Ambler class B metallo-β-lactamases 鞘氨醇杆菌属作为SPI Ambler B类金属β-内酰胺酶的固有产生者 Delphine Girlich and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf436, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf436 46 Global phylogeography and genomic characterization of blaNDM-1-positive carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter soli blaNDM-1阳性碳青霉烯耐药溶胶阿卡净菌的全球系统发育地理学及基因组特征 Pengpeng Min and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf437, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf437 47 Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of one-month daily rifapentine for latent tuberculosis treatment in haemodialysis patients 血液透析患者潜伏性结核治疗中每月一次每日利福喷丁的药代动力学及耐受性 Thornthun Ueaphongsukkit and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf439, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf439 48 In vitro susceptibility of cefepime-enmetazobactam, cefepime-taniborbactam and cefepime-zidebactam towards carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales 头孢吡肟-恩美他唑巴坦、头孢吡肟-他尼硼巴坦及头孢吡肟-齐德巴坦对产碳青霉烯酶肠杆菌目的体外敏感性 Marion Dutkiewicz and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf440, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf440 49 In vitro efficacy of sulbactam/durlobactam combined with β-lactam antibiotics in Australian Mycobacterium abscessus isolates 舒巴坦/杜洛巴坦联合β-内酰胺类抗生素对澳大利亚脓肿分枝杆菌分离株的体外疗效 Kirby Patterson-Fahy and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf441, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf441 50 Harnessing CRISPR–Cas9 and CRISPRi systems to reverse antibiotic resistance in a clinical multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolate 利用CRISPR-Cas9及CRISPRi系统逆转临床多重耐药大肠杆菌分离株的抗生素耐药性 Ruonan Zhao and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf442, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf442 51 Cotrimoxazole in the intensive care unit: an impossible task for the fixed association in real life? 重症监护室中复方磺胺甲噁唑的应用：固定组合在现实中的不可行性？ Manon Launay and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf443, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf443 52 National representative survey of pretreatment HIV drug resistance in Colombia: analysis of antiretroviral resistance-associated mutations using next-generation sequencing 哥伦比亚全国代表性调查：基于下一代测序的抗逆转录病毒耐药相关突变分析 Ernesto Martínez-Buitrago and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf444, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf444 53 A model-based comparison of dose reduction strategies for fixed-dose dolutegravir-containing regimens 基于模型的含固定剂量多替拉韦方案减量策略比较 Laura Dickinson and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf445, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf445 54 Therapeutic drug monitoring and target attainment of unbound flucloxacillin in hospitalized patients with measured MICs (FLUTE) 住院患者中游离氟氯西林的治疗药物监测及目标达成情况（基于实测最低抑菌浓度的FLUTE研究） Pjotr P Temme and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf447, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf447 55 Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir addition to acute care formulary: a retrospective, multi-centre evaluation of quantitative economic and qualitative clinical outcomes 奈玛特韦/利托那韦纳入急症治疗目录：一项多中心回顾性评估定量经济与定性临床结果的研究 Jose Valdes Ledesma and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf448, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf448 56 Local antibiotic resistance surveillance in nursing homes using lot quality assurance sampling: a feasibility study 采用批量质量保证抽样法对养老院进行本地抗生素耐药性监测的可行性研究 Sacha Kuil and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf451, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf451 57 High in vitro activity of the novel antimicrobial gepotidacin against Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in eight WHO Enhanced Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme countries in three WHO regions, 2021–24 2021-2024年，在世卫组织三个区域的八个世卫组织增强淋球菌抗菌药物监测计划国家中，新型抗菌药物吉皮达星对淋病奈瑟菌分离株的体外活性较高 Josefine Ahlstrand and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf452, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf452 58 Despite increasing use of integrase inhibitors to treat HIV infection, resistance to this class remains stable 尽管整合酶抑制剂用于治疗HIV感染的使用量不断增加，但此类药物的耐药性仍保持稳定 Cathia Soulie and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf454, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf454 59 Fine-needle aspiration in infected necrotizing pancreatitis in the delayed intervention era: a post hoc analysis of safety, microbiological yield and therapeutic implications 延迟干预时代感染性坏死性胰腺炎的细针穿刺抽吸术：安全性、微生物学检出率及治疗意义的事后分析 Hannah S Pauw and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf455, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf455 60 β-Lactam dosing in critically ill children: predictors for target non-attainment 危重症儿童β-内酰胺类药物给药：未达目标浓度的预测因素 Stef Schouwenburg and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf457, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf457 61 Co-administration of triazoles with calcineurin or mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors in solid organ transplant patients hospitalized with invasive aspergillosis 实体器官移植患者合并侵袭性曲霉病住院时三唑类药物与钙调磷酸酶抑制剂或哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白抑制剂的联合用药情况 Barbara Alexander and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf461, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf461 62 In vitro selection of cefiderocol-resistant mutants in Acinetobacter baumannii harbouring the most common carbapenemase genes 携带最常见碳青霉烯酶基因的鲍曼不动杆菌中头孢地尔耐药突变体的体外筛选 Otávio Hallal Ferreira Raro and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf462, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf462 63 Preventing resistance development in infections by OXA β-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa: correlating clinical outcomes with hollow-fibre model input 预防产OXA β-内酰胺酶铜绿假单胞菌感染耐药性的产生：将临床结局与中空纤维模型输入相关联 María M Montero and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf464, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf464 64 A national pilot community pharmacy–led urinary tract infection service: clinical and patient-reported outcomes from 9077 consultations 全国社区药房主导的尿路感染服务试点项目：9077次咨询的临床结局和患者报告结局 Efi Mantzourani and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf466, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf466 65 Towards enhanced translational value: preclinical drug activity testing against actively multiplying, nutrient-starved and pellicle biofilm-embedded Mycobacterium abscessus 提高转化价值：针对活跃增殖、营养匮乏和生物膜包裹的脓肿分枝杆菌进行临床前药物活性测试 Henriëtte M Meliefste and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf468, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf468 Research Letters（研究快报） 66 Novel multiresistance transposon Tn7731 in bovine Pasteurella multocida from Germany 德国牛源多杀性巴氏杆菌中新型多重耐药转座子Tn7731 Henrike Krüger-Haker and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf336, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf336 67 Efficacy of eravacycline in difficult-to-treat (DTR) Acinetobacter baumannii bacteraemia in ICU: a case report 厄他培南治疗重症监护病房难治性鲍曼不动杆菌菌血症的疗效：一例病例报告 Monica Melchio and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf347, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf347 68 Possible increased risk of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) in letermovir-exposed haematopoietic cell transplantation recipients 来特莫韦暴露的造血细胞移植受者中EB病毒感染和移植后淋巴增殖性疾病风险可能增加 Jose F Camargo and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf348, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf348 69 Dalbavancin dosing in a severely underweight woman with prosthetic valve endocarditis: the critical role of proactive therapeutic drug monitoring 达巴万星在严重体重不足人工瓣膜心内膜炎女性患者中的给药：主动治疗药物监测的关键作用 Ambra Barco and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf365, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf365 70 Cefazolin-induced seizures in a haemodialysis patient with elevated serum and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations: a case report 血液透析患者头孢唑林血清和脑脊液浓度升高诱发癫痫：一例病例报告 Kohei Hasegawa and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf373, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf373 71 Retrospective analysis of pharmacological therapeutic monitoring of caspofungin in patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy using polyacrylonitrile membranes 使用聚丙烯腈膜进行连续性肾脏替代治疗的患者中卡泊芬净药代动力学治疗监测的回顾性分析 Antoine Hérault and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf390, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf390 72 Diffusion of OXA-48- and NDM-5-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST383 clone in Central Italy 产OXA-48和NDM-5的肺炎克雷伯菌ST383克隆在意大利中部的传播 Gloria D’Achille and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf397, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf397 73 Durability of lenacapavir in viremic heavily treatment-experienced people with HIV: real-world data from the PRESTIGIO Registry 来那卡帕韦在病毒载量阳性且接受过大量抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV感染者中的持久性：来自PRESTIGIO登记处的现实数据 Tommaso Clemente and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf415, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf415 74 Co-carriage of the oxazolidinone resistance genes cfr and optrA in a linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus rostri isolate from a pig-farm worker 猪场工人利奈唑胺耐药猪鼻支原体分离株中噁唑烷酮类耐药基因cfr和optrA的共携带情况 Gi Yong Lee and Soo-Jin Yang Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf428, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf428 75 Importance of reviewing the package insert from gradient strip manufacturers 梯度扩散法药敏纸片生产商说明书审阅的重要性 Mandy Wootton and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf429, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf429 76 One resistance gene, many transposons: repeated formation of compound and pseudo-compound transposons carrying the aphA1 kanamycin and neomycin resistance gene 一个耐药基因，多个转座子：携带aphA1卡那霉素和新霉素耐药基因的复合及假复合转座子的重复形成 Christopher J Harmer and Ruth M Hall Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf450, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf450 77 Absence of lymphogranuloma venereum among men who have sex with men on PrEP receiving doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis 接受暴露后多西环素预防性治疗的暴露前预防用药男男性行为者中未发现性病淋巴肉芽肿 Cristina Gómez-Ayerbe and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf456, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf456 78 In vitro activity of gepotidacin against Chlamydia trachomatis 吉皮达星对沙眼衣原体的体外活性 Arabella Touati and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf460, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf460 Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Volume 81, Issue 2抗菌化疗杂志 81卷 2期 https://academic.oup.com/jac/issue Viewpoints（观点） 1 Long-acting glycopeptides: what are the barriers to access in patients who need them most, and how can they be overcome? 长效糖肽类：最需要它们的患者获取药物的障碍有哪些，如何克服？ Aleece MacPhail and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf471, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf471 2 Redefining antifungal prophylaxis in acute leukaemia in the era of targeted therapies 靶向治疗时代急性白血病抗真菌预防的重新定义 Marcio Nucci and Johan Maertens Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkag010, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag010 Reviews（综述） 3 Research progress on resistance mechanisms and clinical efficacy of tigecycline against Klebsiella pneumoniae 替加环素对肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药机制及临床疗效研究进展 Meilin Wu and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf504, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf504 4 Liposomal amphotericin B and renal safety: review of the evidence and clinical considerations 两性霉素B脂质体与肾脏安全性：证据回顾及临床考量 Johan Maertens and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf473, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf473 5 Strategies for mitigating severe COVID-19 in patients with haematological malignancy during the omicron era 奥密克戎时代减轻血液系统恶性肿瘤患者严重新冠肺炎的策略 Keiji Okinaka and Joshua T Schiffer Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf489, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf489 Systematic Reviews（系统综述） 6 Safety and efficacy of gepotidacin in urinary tract infection: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis 吉泊替达辛治疗尿路感染的安全性和有效性：一项基于GRADE评估的系统综述和荟萃分析 Taha Ibrahim and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf469, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf469 7 The emerging clinical relevance and antimicrobial resistance of Pluralibacter gergoviae: a systematic review 产吲哚金黄杆菌日益凸显的临床相关性和抗菌药物耐药性：一项系统综述 Bruna Abdul Ahad Saad and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf476, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf476 8 A comprehensive analysis of the mutational landscape determining polymyxin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae 决定肺炎克雷伯菌多粘菌素耐药性的突变谱综合分析 Sambit Kumar Dwibedy and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf503, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf503 9 Factors promoting or hindering self-administered outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy: a systematic literature review 促进或阻碍自我给药门诊静脉注射抗菌药物治疗的因素：一项系统文献综述 Hester H Stoorvogel and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf490, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf490 Original Research（论著） 10 Cefepime/enmetazobactam for Gram-negative periprosthetic joint infections? A randomized porcine study on target tissue pharmacokinetics 头孢吡肟/恩美唑巴坦治疗革兰氏阴性假体周围关节感染？一项关于猪的靶组织药代动力学的随机研究 M B D Nielsen and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf487, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf487 11 Impact of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation modes on voriconazole exposure in critically ill patients 体外膜肺氧合模式对危重患者伏立康唑暴露的影响 Xinrui Wang and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf501, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf501 12 Model-based assessment of VRC07-523LS dosing in infants through population pharmacokinetic -pharmacodynamic modelling in adults and infants 基于模型通过成人和婴儿群体药代动力学-药效学模型评估VRC07-523LS在婴儿中的给药方案 Dustin Huynh and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf449, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf449 13 Antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains—intracellular metabolomics analysis 铜绿假单胞菌菌株的抗生素耐药性——细胞内代谢组学分析 Karolina Anna Mielko-Niziałek and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf453, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf453 14 In vitro activity of cefepime/zidebactam against sulbactam/durlobactam-susceptible and -resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates 头孢吡肟/齐多巴坦对舒巴坦/杜洛巴坦敏感和耐药鲍曼不动杆菌临床分离株的体外活性 Carlo Tascini and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf467, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf467 15 Prevalence of macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae in The Netherlands 荷兰肺炎支原体大环内酯类抗生素耐药性的流行情况 Patrick D J Sturm and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf475, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf475 16 Simulated lung exposure in pneumonia patients to evaluate the antibacterial capacity and resistance suppression of clinical tigecycline regimens against carbapenem-resistant  Acinetobacter baumannii 模拟肺炎患者肺部暴露情况以评估临床替加环素方案对碳青霉烯类耐药鲍曼不动杆菌的抗菌能力和耐药抑制作用 Xiaonan Zhang and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf477, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf477 17 Enterococcus faecium harbouring vanA, optrA and cfr(D) on a linear plasmid in Canada: a CANWARD surveillance case 加拿大发现携带vanA、optrA和cfr(D)的粪肠球菌线性质粒：一项CANWARD监测病例 Melissa McCracken and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf478, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf478 18 The effect of intrauterine exposure to aminoglycosides on neonatal hearing 宫内暴露于氨基糖苷类抗生素对新生儿听力的影响 Daniel Leshin-Carmel and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf483, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf483 19 Ceftazidime/avibactam: a potent arsenal against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa-unveiling in vitro and in vivo strategies 头孢他啶/阿维巴坦：对抗多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌的有力武器——揭示体内外策略 Jiaju Zhuo and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf495, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf495 20 Comparison of disk diffusion, MIC test strip and broth microdilution for eravacycline susceptibility testing of 422 Staphylococcus aureus isolates using ChinaCAST breakpoints 采用中国CAST折点，比较422株金黄色葡萄球菌对依拉环素的纸片扩散法、最低抑菌浓度测试条法和肉汤微量稀释法的敏感性测试结果 Xinying Wang and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf502, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf502 21 Penetration of daptomycin in cerebrospinal fluid during pneumococcal meningitis 肺炎链球菌性脑膜炎期间达托霉素在脑脊液中的渗透情况 Pascal Chavanet and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf474, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf474 22 Rapid molecular diagnostics for detection of extensively drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi 用于检测广泛耐药伤寒沙门菌的快速分子诊断技术 Emma L Sweeney and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf481, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf481 23 Gender inequality and antibiotic consumption: analysis of pharmaceutical sales data from 70 countries, 2000–22 性别不平等与抗生素消费：基于2000 - 2022年70个国家药品销售数据的分析 Deepshikha Batheja and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkag002, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag002 24 Real-world evaluation of isavuconazole in children with cancer 伊沙康唑在儿童癌症患者中的现实应用评估 Janine Nijhuis and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf485, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf485 25 Assessing antimicrobial susceptibility testing guideline adherence by laboratories providing bacteriology services in Ghana: a pilot study 加纳提供细菌学服务的实验室对抗菌药物敏感性试验指南依从性的评估：一项试点研究 Joseph Elikem Efui Acolatse and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkag003, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag003 26 Resistance to second-generation integrase inhibitors in people with HIV following treatment failure on dolutegravir- or bictegravir-based ART in Taiwan 台湾地区基于多替拉韦或比克替拉韦的抗逆转录病毒治疗失败后，HIV感染者对第二代整合酶抑制剂的耐药性 Guan-Jhou Chen and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf488, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf488 27 In vitro activity of gepotidacin against a challenging panel of multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates 吉泊西汀对一组具有挑战性的多重耐药淋病奈瑟菌分离株的体外活性 Michelle Jayne Cole and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkag001, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag001 28 A disproportionality analysis of adverse events associated with omadacycline based on the FDA adverse event reporting system database 基于美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）不良事件报告系统数据库的奥马环素相关不良事件比例失衡分析 Ye-Lei Zhao and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkag006, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag006 29 Weight-band-based simplification of oral allometric miltefosine dosing in paediatric patients with visceral leishmaniasis 基于体重范围的口服异速缩放米替福新给药方案在儿童内脏利什曼病患者中的简化应用 Andres Mazariegos Herrera and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkag014, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag014 30 evelopment of a capability framework for antimicrobial stewardship specialist health professionals working in the NHS in England: utilizing Delphi methodology 运用德尔菲法为在英国国家医疗服务体系（NHS）中工作的抗菌药物管理专业人员制定能力框架 Ryan A Hamilton and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf438, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf438 31 First characterization of insertions in the HIV-1 integrase-coding region from people with HIV 首次对来自艾滋病病毒感染者的HIV-1整合酶编码区插入情况进行特征分析 Nhat Quang Tu and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf491, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf491 32 Development of an impedance-based fast antimicrobial susceptibility test for Neisseria gonorrhoeae 开发一种基于阻抗的淋病奈瑟菌快速抗菌药物敏感性检测方法 Caitlin N Daniels and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf493, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf493 33 Juvenile toxicity and developmental safety of Zintrodiazine, a novel antimalarial candidate, in Wistar rats 新型抗疟候选药物Zintrodiazine在Wistar大鼠中的幼年毒性和发育安全性研究 Hitesh A Kadu and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkag008, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag008 34 Do the redefined EUCAST susceptibility categories warrant adjustment of paediatric antibiotic dosages? Pragmatic physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling of four commonly used agents 欧洲抗微生物药物敏感性试验委员会（EUCAST）重新定义的敏感性分类是否需要调整儿童抗生素剂量？——对四种常用药物的实用生理药代动力学建模研究 Marika A de Hoop-Sommen and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf463, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf463 35 Exploring the opportunity for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and precision dose antimicrobials in an outpatient antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) service: a prospective observational study 门诊抗菌治疗（OPAT）服务中开展治疗药物监测（TDM）和精准剂量抗菌治疗的机遇：一项前瞻性观察研究 R C Wilson and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf484, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf484 36 Impact of sex, age and body composition on rilpivirine and cabotegravir trough concentrations in people with HIV receiving long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy 性别、年龄和身体成分对接受长效注射用抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV感染者利匹韦林和卡博特韦谷浓度的影响 Maria Vittoria Cossu and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkag024, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag024 37 Pharmacokinetics of cefiderocol during prolonged intermittent kidney replacement therapy in two patients with septic shock 头孢地尔在两例感染性休克患者长时间间歇性肾脏替代治疗期间的药代动力学 Julius J Schmidt and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf496, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf496 38 Understanding mechanisms of reduced cefiderocol susceptibility in pvdS and fecI mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 了解铜绿假单胞菌pvdS和fecI突变体对头孢地尔敏感性降低的机制 Yoshinori Yamano and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkag004, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag004 39 Biomarker-informed PBPK modelling of meropenem in paediatric severe pneumonia: implications for target-site PK/PD 基于生物标志物的美罗培南在儿童重症肺炎中的生理药动学模型构建：对靶部位药代动力学/药效学的影响 Yao Liu and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf500, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf500 40 Evaluating hypoalbuminaemia thresholds associated with delayed blood sterilization among patients receiving cefazolin or antistaphylococcal penicillins for MSSA bacteraemia 评估接受头孢唑林或抗葡萄球菌青霉素治疗甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌（MSSA）菌血症患者中，与血液延迟灭菌相关的低白蛋白血症阈值 Sunish Shah and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf498, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf498 Research Letters（研究快讯） 41 False-negative result in fourth-generation HIV screening tests after weak detection of p24 antigen in the context of inappropriate post-exposure prophylaxis use: a case report 不当使用暴露后预防用药导致第四代HIV筛查试验p24抗原弱检出后出现假阴性结果：一例病例报告 J Kimmerlin and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf459, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf459 42 Proposal for the nomenclature of tmexCD-toprJ-like gene clusters 关于tmexCD-toprJ样基因簇命名的建议 Chengzhen Wang and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf482, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf482 43 IS26-mediated chromosomal integration of virulence plasmid fragments in ST2237 carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae IS26介导的毒力质粒片段在ST2237型碳青霉烯耐药肺炎克雷伯菌染色体中的整合 Yan Li and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkag018, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag018 Letter to the Editor（致编辑的信） 44 Comment on: Retrospective analysis of pharmacological therapeutic monitoring of caspofungin in patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy using polyacrylonitrile membranes 对“采用聚丙烯腈膜对接受连续性肾脏替代治疗的患者进行卡泊芬净药代动力学监测的回顾性分析”的评论 Gwénola Marais and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf465, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf465 45 Antimicrobial use for the treatment of bacterial sexually transmitted infections among doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (DoxyPEP) users in Milan, Italy-right-to-reply 意大利米兰地区使用多西环素暴露后预防（DoxyPEP）人群中，用于治疗细菌性传播感染的抗菌药物使用情况——回应说明 Angelo Roberto Raccagni and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkag027, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag027 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF REFEREES（鸣谢审稿专家） 46 Acknowledgement of Referees 鸣谢审稿专家 Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf417, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf417 CORRECTION（更正） 47 Correction to: Comment on: Antiviral effect of Evusheld in COVID-19 hospitalized patients infected with pre-Omicron or Omicron variants: a modelling analysis of the randomized DisCoVeRy trial 更正：关于Evusheld在感染奥密克戎变异株前或奥密克戎变异株的新冠住院患者中的抗病毒效果：对随机DisCoVeRy试验的建模分析的评论 Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf492, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf492 Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Volume 81, Issue 3抗菌化疗杂志 81卷 3期 https://academic.oup.com/jac/issue REVIEW（综述） 1 Closing the PrEP access gap in Europe: a strategic framework for equity and innovation among difficult-to-reach populations 缩小欧洲暴露前预防获取差距：面向难以触及（PrEP）人群的公平与创新战略框架 Josep M Llibre and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag052, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag052 2 Precision dosing of systemic antifungals in adults: therapeutic drug monitoring, empiric dose optimization and barriers to implementation 成人全身性抗真菌药物的精准给药：治疗药物监测、经验性剂量优化及实施障碍 Daniel B Chastain and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag055, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag055 3 Bacterial DNA topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase inhibitors: history of the quinolones, their clinical usage and potential alternatives for the future 细菌DNA拓扑异构酶IV和DNA旋转酶抑制剂：喹诺酮类药物的历史、临床应用及未来潜在替代方案 Daisuke Fukuda and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag054, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag054 4 Combating multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: current therapeutic regimens and future directions 应对多重耐药肺炎克雷伯菌：当前治疗方案与未来方向 Robiul Islam and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag064, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag064 SYSTEMATIC REVIEW（系统综述） 5 Global and regional prevalence of metallo-β-lactamases in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: a systematic review and meta-analysis 耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌中金属β-内酰胺酶的全球和区域流行情况：一项系统综述和荟萃分析 Stamatis Karakonstantis and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag037, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag037 Original Research（论著） 6 The effect of oral ciprofloxacin at conventional doses on the QT interval in a tertiary outpatient setting 三级门诊常规剂量口服环丙沙星对患者QT间期的影响 Weber Liu and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag020, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag020 7 Bictegravir concentrations in breastmilk of healthy, lactating women without HIV 未感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的健康哺乳期女性乳汁中的比克替拉韦浓度 L C van der Wekken-Pas and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag022, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag022 8 Management and outcomes of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia recovered from deep-site clinical specimens: a bicentric retrospective cohort study 从深部部位临床标本中分离出的嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌的治疗及转归：一项双中心回顾性队列研究 Anastasia Saade and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag021, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag021 9 Development of a risk prediction model for vancomycin-associated acute kidney injury: a multicentre retrospective study 万古霉素相关急性肾损伤风险预测模型的建立：一项多中心回顾性研究 Tomoyuki Ishigo and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag012, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag012 10 Cooperation between HIV-1 integrase natural polymorphism K156N and 3′PPT mutations in dolutegravir monotherapy failure HIV-1 整合酶天然多态性 K156N 与 3′PPT 突变在多替拉韦单药治疗失败中的协同作用 Jolieke A T van Osch and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag033, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag033 11 Impact of body mass index and serum albumin levels on isavuconazole plasma concentrations in patients with haematological malignancies 体重指数和血清白蛋白水平对血液系统恶性肿瘤患者艾沙康唑血浆浓度的影响 Jie Gao and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag032, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag032 12 Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime and its metabolite desacetyl-cefotaxime to optimize dosing in critically ill children and children with sickle cell disease 用以优化危重症儿童和镰状细胞病儿童给药剂量的头孢噻肟及其代谢产物去乙酰头孢噻肟的药代动力学研究 Seef Abdalla and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag019, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag019 13 Summary of ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Canada, 2017–24 2017 - 2024年加拿大头孢曲松耐药淋病奈瑟菌情况汇总 Robyn Thorington and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag007, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag007 14 Improving perioperative prophylactic antibiotic prescribing using a novel decision-support tool 使用新型决策支持工具改进围手术期预防性抗生素处方 Mark Mcintyre and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag015, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag015 15 Comparative activity of established versus new-generation β-lactams against AmpC-hyperproducing clinical isolates of Enterobacter cloacae complex and Klebsiella aerogenes: a multicentre study 针对产超广谱AmpC酶的阴沟肠杆菌复合群和产气克雷伯菌临床分离株，比较已上市与新一代β-内酰胺类抗生素的抗菌活性：一项多中心研究 Ángel Rodríguez-Villodres and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag034, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag034 16 Impact of eravacycline on fibrinogen 依拉环素对纤维蛋白原的影响 Emily Stevenson and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag030, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag030 17 Biliary pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis of continuous infusion ceftazidime–avibactam in a case series of orthotopic liver transplant recipients 原位肝移植受者连续输注头孢他啶-阿维巴坦的药代动力学/药效学胆系分析：一项病例系列研究 Milo Gatti and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag009, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag009 18 Autoaggregation-associated carbapenem tolerance mediated by mrkH inactivation identified from a cohort of Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex clinical isolates 从肺炎克雷伯菌复合群临床分离株队列中鉴定出由mrkH失活介导的与自动聚集相关的碳青霉烯耐受性 Natsuki Yamanaka and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag017, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag017 19 In vitro activity of double and triple antimicrobial combinations against carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm 双联和三联抗菌药物组合对碳青霉烯耐药铜绿假单胞菌生物膜的体外活性研究 Si-Ho Kim and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag031, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag031 20 LYSC98 as a novel vancomycin-derived agent effective against antibiotic-resistant pathogens in tolerant state LYSC98作为一种新型万古霉素衍生物，对耐受状态下的耐药病原体有效 Xing Xia and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag036, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag036 21 HBV status modulates transaminase decrease after switching from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate to tenofovir alafenamide in people with HIV HIV感染者从富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯切换为丙酚替诺福韦后，HBV状态对转氨酶下降的调节作用 Giuseppe Lapadula and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag045, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag045 22 Pharmacokinetics of colistin in adult critically ill patients in South Africa 南非成人危重症患者中多黏菌素的药代动力学研究 Veshni Pillay-Fuentes Lorente and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag011, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag011 23 Antifungal susceptibility surveillance of clinical moulds to olorofim, manogepix, amphotericin B, triazoles and echinocandins at 10 tertiary hospitals in China (2019–24) 2019 - 2024年中国10家三级医院临床霉菌对奥罗芬净、马诺盖匹克斯、两性霉素B、三唑类和棘白菌素类抗真菌药的敏感性监测 Su Chen and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag016, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag016 24 Short-cycle three-day-per-week efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate therapy: a seven-year extension study 短周期每周三日依非韦伦/恩曲他滨/富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯疗法：一项为期七年的延长研究 Beatriz Borjabad and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag040, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag040 25 Risk of hypertension in people with HIV in the USA initiating modern antiretroviral regimens: pooled analysis of blood pressure data from five clinical trials 美国感染HIV者启动现代抗逆转录病毒治疗方案后患高血压的风险：五项临床试验血压数据汇总分析 Priscilla Y Hsue and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag005, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag005 26 Real-world drug monitoring of dalbavancin using a three-dose regimen of 1500mg at days 1, 15 and 43 in bone and joint or cardiovascular infection 采用第1、15和43天各1500毫克的三剂量方案对达巴万星（Dalbavancin）在骨关节或心血管感染治疗中的实际药物监测研究 Thomas Lin and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag039, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag039 27 Nationwide patterns of HIV drug resistance and high viral load in Sub-Saharan African countries 撒哈拉以南非洲国家全国范围内的HIV耐药及高病毒载量模式 Abubaker Ibrahim Elbur and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkaf497, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf497 28 Risk factors for suboptimal target attainment of commonly used ß-lactam antibiotics in older adults: a prospective cohort study 老年人常用β-内酰胺类抗生素未达最佳治疗目标的风险因素：一项前瞻性队列研究 Arnaud De Clercq and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag048, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag048 29 Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling to optimize dosing regimen of biapenem in renal impairment and elderly populations 基于生理的药代动力学模型优化肾功能不全及老年人群比阿培南给药方案 Wenyan Li and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkaf499, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf499 30 Early targeted therapy guided by rapid phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing in critically ill patients with Gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infections: a retrospective cohort study 快速表型抗菌药物敏感性试验指导下的早期目标性治疗对革兰氏阴性菌血流感染危重患者的效果：一项回顾性队列研究 Salvatore Rotundo and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag056, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag056 31 Impact of COVID-19-related healthcare changes on antibiotic resistance in clinical Escherichia coli isolates: interrupted time series analyses in Scotland, UK 与新冠肺炎相关的医疗变化对英国苏格兰地区临床大肠杆菌分离株抗生素耐药性的影响：中断时间序列分析 Laura Ciaccio and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag049, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag049 32 Multicentre evaluation of teicoplanin prescribing and monitoring in the UK and Ireland: the TUcK–SHOP study 英国和爱尔兰替考拉宁处方与监测的多中心评估：TUcK–SHOP研究 Stephen Hughes and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag038, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag038 33 Diabetes and risk of significant fibrosis in adults with HIV and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a prospective cohort study 糖尿病与HIV合并代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病成人患者发生显著肝纤维化的风险：一项前瞻性队列研究 Win Min Han and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag053, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag053 34 A pharmacovigilance analysis of carbapenem-related utilizing the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database from 2013 to 2025 基于美国食品药品监督管理局不良事件报告系统（FAERS）数据库2013 - 2025年数据的碳青霉烯类相关药物警戒分析 Connor Frey and Parham Elmi Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag060, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag060 35 Effects of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on the pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration rates of vancomycin and linezolid: data from Landrace pigs 体外膜肺氧合对万古霉素和利奈唑胺药代动力学及组织穿透率的影响：来自长白猪的数据 Huifang Zhang and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag063, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag063 36 Switching to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in people with HIV and prior resistance mutations. Data from the Italian ARCA cohort: the BIC-BARRIER study. B/F/TAF switch: mutations and outcomes 在既往存在耐药突变的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者中换用比克替拉韦/恩曲他滨/丙酚替诺福韦治疗。来自意大利ARCA队列的数据：BIC-BARRIER研究。比克替拉韦/恩曲他滨/丙酚替诺福韦（B/F/TAF）换药方案：耐药突变与治疗结果 Laura Pezzati and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag035, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag035 37 A two-stage diagnostic model for discriminating and assessing risk of meropenem heteroresistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa 用于鉴别和评估铜绿假单胞菌对美罗培南异质性耐药风险的二阶段诊断模型 Yali Fan and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag061, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag061 38 Microdialysis assessment of gentamicin for second-line antimicrobial prophylaxis in abdominal surgery 微透析评估庆大霉素在腹部手术中作为二线抗菌预防药物的效果 Quentin Saint-Genis and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag071, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag071 39 Genetic and clinical predictors of voriconazole pharmacokinetics and hepatotoxicity: focused on CYP2C19 normal and intermediate metabolizers 伏立康唑药代动力学及肝毒性的遗传和临床预测因素：聚焦于CYP2C19正常代谢型和中间代谢型 Hui Li and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag065, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag065 40 Stakeholder perspectives on the offer and acceptance of self-administration of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy: a qualitative study 利益相关者对提供和接受门诊患者自行注射抗菌药物治疗的看法：一项定性研究 Hester H Stoorvogel and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag068, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag068 41 Is current guidance for cloxacillin prophylaxis dosages in hip and knee arthroplasty adequate? Evidence from a prospective Swedish cohort 当前髋关节和膝关节置换术中氯唑西林预防性用药剂量指南是否充分？来自一项前瞻性瑞典队列研究的证据 Katja Wallander and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag067, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag067 42 Effect of pretreatment HIV drug resistance on mortality, attrition and viral suppression in patients initiating antiretroviral therapy and genetic transmission network: an observational cohort study in Southwest China 治疗前HIV药物耐药性对开始接受抗逆转录病毒治疗患者的死亡率、失访率和病毒抑制率的影响以及遗传传播网络：中国西南地区一项观察性队列研究 Litai Qin and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag073, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag073 RESEARCH LETTER（研究快讯） 43 Varicella and varicella zoster virus meningoencephalitis in a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patient after chimeric antigen receptor-T-cell therapy 嵌合抗原受体T细胞疗法后，弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤患者发生水痘及水痘-带状疱疹病毒脑膜脑炎 Yan Feng and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag041, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag041 44 The ‘double hit’ on dalbavancin pharmacokinetics: hypertriglyceridaemia and augmented renal clearance in a child with glycogen storage disease type Ib 糖原累积病Ib型患儿中，高甘油三酯血症和肾清除率增加对达巴万星药代动力学的“双重打击” Bianca Monti and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag028, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag028 45 Tn7860, a novel chromosomal pseudo-compound transposon carrying the OptrA gene in Enterococcus faecalis Tn7860，粪肠球菌中携带OptrA基因的一种新型染色体假复合转座子 Francesca Romana Massacci and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag046, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag046 46 HBV reactivation after switching to cabotegravir plus rilpivirine therapy among people living with HIV: do not forget the reservoir HIV感染者换用卡博特韦（cabotegravir）联合利匹韦林（rilpivirine）治疗后乙肝病毒再激活：切勿忽视病毒储存库 Rémi Rouget and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag050, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag050 47 An inoperable mediastinal infection involving vascular graft treated with weekly oritavancin as chronic suppressive therapy. A case report with pharmacokinetic data 一例涉及血管移植物的无法手术的纵隔感染，采用每周一次的奥利万星作为慢性抑制疗法。附药代动力学数据的病例报告 Pierangelo Chinello and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag013, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag013 48 Evaluation of the Carbapenemase Detection Kit (Colloidal Gold; Macro & Micro Test): a new immunochromatographic assay for rapid detection of carbapenemases in Enterobacterales 碳青霉烯酶检测试剂盒（胶体金法；宏基因与微基因检测法）评估：一种用于快速检测肠杆菌目细菌中碳青霉烯酶的新型免疫层析法 Hippolyte De Swardt and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag066, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag066 49 Cefalexin use in UK acute pyelonephritis practice: unaddressed challenges in dosing, breakpoints and clinical evidence 头孢氨苄在英国急性肾盂肾炎治疗中的应用：给药、断点和临床证据方面尚未解决的挑战 Stephen Hughes and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag051, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag051 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR（致编辑的信） 50 Comment on: Antimicrobial use for the treatment of bacterial sexually transmitted infections among doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (DoxyPEP) users in Milan, Italy 评论：意大利米兰多西环素暴露后预防（DoxyPEP）使用者中用于治疗细菌性性传播感染的抗菌药物使用情况 Chris Kenyon Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag025, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag025 51 Possible increased risk of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) in letermovir-exposed haematopoietic cell transplantation recipients: right-to-reply 来特莫韦暴露的造血细胞移植受者发生EB病毒（EBV）感染和移植后淋巴增殖性疾病（PTLD）的风险可能增加：答复权 Jose F Camargo and Anthony D Anderson Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag043, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag043 52 Antimicrobial use for the treatment of bacterial sexually transmitted infections among doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (DoxyPEP) users in Milan, Italy—right-to-reply 意大利米兰市使用多西环素暴露后预防（DoxyPEP）人群中，用于治疗细菌性性传播感染的抗菌药物使用情况——答复权声明 Angelo Roberto Raccagni and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag026, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag026 53 Comment on: Artificial intelligence for improving decision-making in bacterial infection management 述评：人工智能在细菌感染管理决策中的优化作用 Daniele Roberto Giacobbe Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag078, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag078 CORRECTION（更正） 54 Correction to: Bayesian estimation of the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance: a mathematical modelling study 更正：抗菌药物耐药性流行率的贝叶斯估计：一项数学建模研究 Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkaf494, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf494 55 Correction to: National representative survey of pretreatment HIV drug resistance in Colombia: analysis of antiretroviral resistance-associated mutations using next-generation sequencing 更正：哥伦比亚具有全国代表性的治疗前HIV耐药性调查：使用下一代测序技术分析抗逆转录病毒耐药相关突变 Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag057, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag057 Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Volume 81, Issue 4抗菌化疗杂志81卷 4期 https://academic.oup.com/jac/issue 50TH ANNIVERSARY COLLECTION（50周年纪念合集） GARROD LECTURE（加罗德讲座） 1 Garrod lecture: achieving the UNGA AMR mortality reduction goals  加罗德讲座：实现联合国大会抗菌药物耐药性死亡率降低目标 Ramanan Laxminarayan Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag082, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag082 REVIEW（综述） 2 25 years of improvement in mortality in invasive aspergillosis in haematology patients: will it be sustained or is it under threat?  侵袭性曲霉病血液病患者25年死亡率改善情况：这种改善能否持续，还是正受到威胁？ Johan A Maertens and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag077, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag077 3 A strategic discovery roadmap towards high-quality leads and drug development candidates for kinetoplastid diseases. Part 2: from molecule to confirmed hit  针对锥虫病的从高质量潜在客户和药物开发候选者出发的战略发现路线图。第二部分：从分子到确证活性分子 Sarah Hendrickx and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag110, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag110 VIRTUAL ROUNDTABLE（虚拟圆桌会议） 4 Diagnosis and risk factors for invasive mould disease—a round table discussion on directing antifungal therapy according to the available evidence  侵袭性霉菌病的诊断与危险因素——根据现有证据指导抗真菌治疗的圆桌讨论 Ana Alastruey-Izqueirdo and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag062, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag062 EDITORIALS, MESSAGES FROM THE OUTGOING AND INCOMING EDITORS-IN-CHIEF（社论、离任与就任主编寄语） 5 Message from the incoming Editor-in-Chief of JAC  《抗菌化疗杂志》就任主编寄语 Monica A Slavin Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkaf479, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf479 6 Message from the outgoing Editor-in-Chief  离任主编寄语 J Peter Donnelly Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkaf480, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf480 REVIEW（综述） 7 Experimental biofilm models for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic investigations: bridging in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo systems  用于药代动力学和药效学研究的实验性生物膜模型：连接体外、离体和体内系统 Stephanie Supparitsch and Markus Zeitlinger Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag091, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag091 8 Antimicrobial therapy for infected necrotizing pancreatitis: microbiology, antimicrobial resistance and pharmacokinetics  感染性坏死性胰腺炎的抗菌治疗：微生物学、抗菌药物耐药性及药代动力学 Hannah S Pauw and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag092, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag092 9 Continuous linezolid infusion: the new way to dose, the old risks to fear 持续输注利奈唑胺：新的给药方式，仍需警惕旧有风险 Daniel Muñoz-Pichuante and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag100, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag100 10 Alignment of national standard treatment guidelines with WHO AWaRe recommendations for adult primary care infectious diseases: implications for antimicrobial stewardship 将国家标准治疗指南与世卫组织（WHO）针对成人初级保健传染病的“慎用、监测、备用”（AWaRe）推荐意见相统一：对抗菌药物管理的影响 Huda Arooj and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag099, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag099 SYSTEMATIC REVIEW（系统综述） 11 Healthcare providers’ experiences in caring for MDRO carriers with a focus on the moral dimensions of care: a systematic review  医疗服务提供者护理多重耐药菌（MDRO）携带者的经历——聚焦护理中的道德维度：一项系统综述 Carlijn Damsté and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag059, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag059 12 Extrapolation of oritavancin PK/PD targets to inform therapeutic drug monitoring: a systematic review  奥利他万星药代动力学/药效学目标的外推用以指导治疗药物监测：一项系统综述 Giammarco Baiardi and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag117, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag117 ORIGINAL RESEARCH（论著） 13 Beyond plasma: defining the translation value of epithelial lining fluid exposure profiles for the treatment of pneumonia 超越血浆：明确上皮衬里液暴露谱对肺炎治疗的转化价值 Yakun Fu and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkaf458, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf458 14 Impact of loading dose β-lactam therapy on outcomes of KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections in non-ICU patients: a real world study  负荷剂量β-内酰胺类药物治疗非重症监护病房患者产KPC肺炎克雷伯菌血流感染的疗效影响：一项现实研究 Luisa Frallonardo and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag087, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag087 15 Rezafungin exhibits anti-biofilm properties against fungal biofilms in vitro  雷扎芬净在体外对真菌生物膜表现出抗生物膜特性 Hafsa Abduljalil and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag058, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag058 16 Vancomycin resistance predicts increased mortality in patients with Enterococcus faecium bloodstream infections: a six-year experience at a large tertiary care Italian hospital  万古霉素耐药性可预测屎肠球菌血流感染患者死亡率增加：意大利一家大型三级医院六年来的经验 Lucia Graziani and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag069, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag069 17 Fluoroquinolones and the risk of panic attacks: a systematic review and disproportionality analysis using individual case safety reports from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database  氟喹诺酮类药物与惊恐发作风险：基于美国食品药品监督管理局不良事件报告系统（FAERS）数据库中个体病例安全报告的系统综述和比例失衡分析 Keeirah Hiertika Raguram and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag083, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag083 18 Cefuroxime concentrations in facial artery musculomucosal flap, buccal submucosa, subcutaneous tissue, and plasma following bolus or continuous infusion in patients undergoing oral cancer resection: a randomized clinical microdialysis study 在接受口腔癌切除术的患者中，采用随机临床微透析研究，探究头孢呋辛在面动脉肌黏膜瓣、颊黏膜下层、皮下组织和血浆中的浓度（团注或持续输注后） Johanne Ravn Hansen and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag085, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag085 19 Infection point of care tests bridge the experience gap of antibiotic STOP decisions: clinicians versus students  感染即时检测可弥补抗生素停药决策方面的经验差距：临床医生与学生对比 Archit Singhal and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkaf486, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf486 20 Functional analysis of a novel macrolide–lincosamide resistance gene erm(57) in Cutibacterium avidum 痤疮丙酸杆菌中一种新型大环内酯 - 林可酰胺类耐药基因erm(57)的功能分析 Juri Koizumi and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag029, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag029 21 HIV drug resistance amongst children and adolescents with viraemia in Lesotho and Tanzania: a nested analysis in the GIVE MOVE trial  莱索托和坦桑尼亚病毒血症儿童及青少年中的HIV耐药性：GIVE MOVE试验的嵌套分析 Christof Manuel Schönenberger and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag070, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag070 22 Identification and assessment of paediatric cefepime-induced neurotoxicity in a retrospective cohort of paediatric intensive care patients  在儿科重症监护患者回顾性队列中识别和评估儿科头孢吡肟诱导的神经毒性 Kathryn Pavia and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag075, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag075 23 Prioritization of adverse events related to integrase inhibitors and NNRTIs: a disproportionality analysis using data from the FAERS database 整合酶抑制剂和非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂相关不良事件的优先级排序：基于FAERS数据库数据的比例失衡分析 Gao-yang Wang and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag074, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag074 24 Clinical and immunovirological status in children, adolescents and young adults with early-life-acquired HIV: a Spanish multi-cohort analysis since 2020  自2020年以来西班牙多队列分析中，儿童、青少年及青年时期感染HIV者的临床及免疫病毒学状态 Laura Tarancon-Diez and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag079, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag079 25 Population pharmacokinetics of meropenem in critically ill adult patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation—an ASAP ECMO study 接受体外膜肺氧合治疗的危重成年患者美罗培南的群体药代动力学——一项ASAP ECMO研究 Mohd H Abdul–Aziz and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag090, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag090 26 Evaluation of HIV-1 transmitted drug-resistance among subtypes circulating from 2022 to 2024 in Italy: a refined analysis through next-generation sequencing 2022年至2024年意大利流行HIV-1亚型间传播耐药性的评估：通过下一代测序技术进行的精细分析 Daniele Armenia and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag084, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag084 27 Characterization of efflux pump channel of florfenicol for resistance-enhancing variant RE-CmeABC in Campylobacter 耐药增强型变异体RE-CmeABC中氟苯尼考外排泵通道在弯曲菌中的特性研究 Hong Yao and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag047, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag047 28 Genomic characterization of colistin heteroresistance in Acinetobacter baumannii: Evidence for lpxD deletion and collateral sensitivity 鲍曼不动杆菌中黏菌素异质性耐药的基因组特征：lpxD缺失及附带敏感性的证据 Banu Sancak and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag076, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag076 29 Sustaining stewardship: longitudinal evaluation of an integrated antimicrobial programme in the ICU  持续管理：重症监护室（ICU）综合抗菌药物管理项目的纵向评估 Ashmitha Thomas and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag086, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag086 30 Global dissemination of optrA-mediated linezolid resistance in enterococci  利奈唑胺耐药性基因optrA介导的肠球菌在全球的传播 Jia Qi Beh and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag089, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag089 31 Predicting oral cephalosporin susceptibility in Escherichia coli blood isolates using parenteral cephalosporin susceptibility testing 利用肠外头孢菌素敏感性试验预测大肠杆菌血培养分离株对口服头孢菌素的敏感性 Tho H Pham and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag093, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag093 32 The pharmacodynamics of polymyxin B in Acinetobacter baumannii in murine thigh and lung infection models  在小鼠大腿和肺部感染模型中多粘菌素B对鲍曼不动杆菌的药效动力学研究 Sanne van den Berg and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag097, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag097 33 Genomic insights into the tmexCD-toprJ: plasmid-mediated evolution, dissemination and diversity in bacterial populations 关于tmexCD-toprJ的基因组见解：质粒介导的细菌群体进化、传播与多样性 Lilan Wan and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag107, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag107 34 Baseline resistance mutations and virological response to dolutegravir in treatment-naïve patients: a multicentre NGS study 初治患者基线耐药突变与多替拉韦病毒学应答：一项多中心下一代测序（NGS）研究 Alexy Inciarte and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag080, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag080 35 Novel integrase mutations linked to genotypic DTG resistance in African non-B HIV-1 strains: the DTG RESIST study  非洲非B型HIV-1毒株中与多替拉韦（DTG）基因型耐药相关的新型整合酶突变：DTG耐药研究 Nuri Han and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag088, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag088 36 Pharmacological evaluation of an ex vivo cervicovaginal HIV prevention model  体外宫颈阴道HIV预防模型的药理学评估 Lindsey B Collins and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag103, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag103 37 The magnitude of the pharmacodynamic index for NOSO-502: pathogen clearance, emergence of resistance and human dose predictions  NOSO-502药效学指数的幅度：病原体清除、耐药性出现和人体剂量预测 Sanne van den Berg and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag106, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag106 38 Temocillin: a therapeutic alternative in bone and joint infections due to third generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales?  替莫西林：治疗第三代头孢菌素耐药肠杆菌目引起的骨关节感染的一种替代疗法？ Louise Piquart and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag105, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag105 39 Metallo-β-lactamase–producing Enterobacterales: cyanide-containing efflux pump inhibitors as potential dual-activity inhibitors  产金属β-内酰胺酶的肠杆菌科细菌：含氰化物的外排泵抑制剂作为潜在的双活性抑制剂 Otávio Hallal Ferreira Raro and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag122, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag122 40 Outer membrane vesicles transmit blaNDM-5 and package metallo-β-lactamases to promote antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli 外膜囊泡传递blaNDM-5并包装金属β-内酰胺酶以促进大肠杆菌的抗生素耐药性 Ting-Yin Lu and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag123, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag123 41 Characterization of a ST412-K57 colistin-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strain of chicken origin 一株鸡源ST412-K57多粘菌素耐药高毒力肺炎克雷伯菌的特征分析 Qiu Xu and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag114, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag114 42 Olorofim in combination with azole antifungals: results from the Phase 2 salvage therapy study  奥罗芬明与唑类抗真菌药联合使用：2期挽救治疗研究结果 Johan Maertens and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag118, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag118 RESEARCH LETTER（研究快讯） 43 Infant HIV transmission despite maternal viral suppression: a case of post-weaning seroconversion  母体病毒得到抑制，婴儿仍发生HIV传播：一例断奶后血清转阳病例 Shadia Nakalema and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag072, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag072 44 Urinary antigen–negative Legionella pneumonia in critically ill patients: value of systematic molecular testing for optimal antimicrobial therapy  危重患者中尿抗原阴性军团菌肺炎：系统分子检测在优化抗菌治疗中的价值 Livia Foglia Manzillo and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag101, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag101 45 Contribution of SHV-1 overexpression to carbapenem resistance in a Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolate SHV-1过表达对某株肺炎克雷伯菌临床分离株碳青霉烯类抗生素耐药性的影响 Céline Plainvert and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag108, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag108 LETTER TO THE EDITOR（致编辑的信） 46 Comment on: Possible increased risk of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) in letermovir-exposed haematopoietic cell transplantation recipients 评论：接受莱特莫韦治疗的造血细胞移植受者中，EB病毒（EBV）感染和移植后淋巴增殖性疾病（PTLD）的风险可能增加 Jan Styczynski Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag042, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag042 47 Comment on: Antimicrobial use for the treatment of bacterial sexually transmitted infections among doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis users in Milan, Italy 评论：意大利米兰地区使用多西环素暴露后预防措施人群中针对细菌性性传播感染的抗菌药物使用情况 Luca Bortolani and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag023, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag023 48 Retrospective analysis of pharmacological therapeutic monitoring of caspofungin in patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy using polyacrylonitrile membranes—right to reply 使用聚丙烯腈膜进行连续肾脏替代治疗的患者中卡泊芬净药物治疗监测的回顾性分析——答复权 Antoine Hérault and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag095, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag095 49 Comment on: Temocillin versus other intravenous beta-lactams for urinary tract infections caused by third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales: a multicentre retrospective matched-cohort study 评论：替莫西林与其他静脉注射β-内酰胺类抗生素治疗第三代头孢菌素耐药肠杆菌目引起的尿路感染：一项多中心回顾性匹配队列研究 Shanshan Ru and Yingzhe Zhang Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag096, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag096 50 Comment on: Long-acting glycopeptides: what are the barriers to access in patients who need them most, and how can they be overcome? 评论：长效糖肽类抗生素：对于最需要它们的患者，获取的障碍是什么，如何克服？ Marco Bongiovanni Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag102, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag102 51 Comment on ‘Retrospective analysis of pharmacological therapeutic monitoring of caspofungin in patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy using polyacrylonitrile membranes’ 评论：“对使用聚丙烯腈膜进行连续肾脏替代治疗的患者中卡泊芬净的药理学治疗监测的回顾性分析” Julien Massol and Frédéric Baud Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag094, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag094 52 Comment on: ‘Epidemiology and treatment of endocarditis secondary to Enterobacterales other than Serratia spp’ 对“除塞拉蒂亚属（Serratia spp）外肠杆菌目所致心内膜炎的流行病学和治疗”的评论 Gianpiero Tebano and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag098, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag098 53 ‘Comparing serotype coverage of pneumococcal vaccines with PCV21 (V116), a new 21-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine, and the epidemiology of its eight unique Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes (15A, 15C, 16F, 23A, 23B, 24F, 31 and 35B) causing invasive pneumococcal disease in adult patients in Canada: SAVE study, 2018–2021-right-to-reply’ “比较肺炎球菌疫苗的血清型覆盖率——PCV21（V116，一种新型21价结合肺炎球菌疫苗）与加拿大成人患者中导致侵袭性肺炎球菌疾病的其8种独特肺炎链球菌血清型（15A、15C、16F、23A、23B、24F、31和35B）的流行病学：SAVE研究，2018 - 2021年——回应” John J Schellenberg and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag126, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag126 54 Comment on: Antagonistic in vitro interaction between olorofim and voriconazole against Aspergillus fumigatus  评论：奥罗芬明与伏立康唑对烟曲霉的体外拮抗作用 Corinne Pinder and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag119, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag119 55 Epidemiology and treatment of endocarditis secondary to Enterobacterales other than Serratia spp.: right-to-reply 除塞氏杆菌属外肠杆菌科细菌所致心内膜炎的流行病学和治疗：回应 Sunish Shah and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag121, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag121 Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Volume 81, Issue 5抗菌化疗杂志81卷 5期 https://academic.oup.com/jac/issue 50TH ANNIVERSARY COLLECTION（50周年纪念合集） REVIEW（综述） 1 A strategic discovery roadmap towards high-quality leads and drug development candidates for kinetoplastid diseases. Part 1: setting the stage  针对动基体病的高质量先导化合物及药物开发候选物的战略发现路线图。第一部分：背景介绍 Sarah Hendrickx and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 5, May 2026, dkag109, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag109 REVIEW（综述） 2 Pathophysiology, risk factors and clinical management for polymyxin-associated acute kidney injury 多粘菌素相关急性肾损伤的病理生理学、危险因素及临床治疗 Simiao Zhao and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 5, May 2026, dkag132, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag132 SYSTEMATIC REVIEW（系统综述） 3 Definitions and rates of treatment failure in females with uncomplicated urinary tract infection: a systematic literature review  女性单纯性尿路感染治疗失败的定义及发生率：一项系统文献综述 Meghan E Luck and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 5, May 2026, dkag112, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag112 4 Therapeutic drug monitoring and the role of pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics in optimizing beta-lactam antibiotic dosing for deep-seated infections: a systematic review  在针对深部感染的β-内酰胺类抗生素优化给药方案中治疗药物监测以及药代动力学/药效学的作用：一项系统综述 Cassandra Vale and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 5, May 2026, dkag142, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag142 ORIGINAL RESEARCH（论著） 5 Optimizing cloxacillin prophylaxis in hip and knee arthroplasty based on population pharmacokinetics of unbound plasma concentrations  基于游离血浆浓度群体药代动力学优化髋关节和膝关节置换术中的氯唑西林预防用药方案 Gustaf Beijer and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 5, May 2026, dkag116, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag116 6 The tissue distribution and pharmacokinetics of [14C]-olorofim following intravenous dosing in the rat  大鼠静脉注射[14C]奥洛罗芬后的组织分布及药代动力学研究 Derek Law and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 5, May 2026, dkag120, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag120 7 Insights from the WHO Tricycle-aligned Fleming Fund EQASIA External Quality Assessment (EQA) programme detecting ESBL-, AmpC- and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli in South and South-East Asia  世界卫生组织三轮车项目（Tricycle）协同的弗莱明基金南亚和东南亚地区外部质量评估（EQASIA EQA）计划在检测南亚和东南亚地区产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）、AmpC酶和碳青霉烯酶的大肠埃希菌方面的见解 Hiba Al-Mir and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 5, May 2026, dkag129, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag129 8 The plasma and intracellular exposure of intramuscularly administered long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine in people with HIV HIV感染者肌内注射长效卡博特韦和利匹韦林后的血浆及细胞内暴露情况 Micol Ferrara and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 5, May 2026, dkag113, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag113 9 In vitro synergistic activity of minocycline and biapenem against cefiderocol-resistant New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales 米诺环素与比阿培南在体外对产新德里金属β-内酰胺酶且对头孢地尔耐药的肠杆菌科细菌的协同作用 Takashi Okanda and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 5, May 2026, dkag128, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag128 10 Mortality risk of ESBL producers in Escherichia coli bacteraemia: a comprehensive analysis using the PROBAC cohort  产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌菌血症的死亡风险：基于PROBAC队列的综合分析 Paula Olivares-Navarro and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 5, May 2026, dkag130, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag130 11 Molecular mechanism of envZ regulating β-lactam antibiotic resistance and virulence in Escherichia coli EnvZ调控大肠埃希菌β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药性及毒力的分子机制 Kun Yang and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 5, May 2026, dkag104, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag104 12 In vitro activity of amoxicillin combined with oral cephalosporins against endocarditis-associated E. faecalis clinical isolates 阿莫西林联合口服头孢菌素针对心内膜炎相关粪肠球菌临床分离株的体外活性 David Luque Paz and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 5, May 2026, dkag127, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag127 13 Genome-wide association studies builds a predictive model and reveals novel resistance features for macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis  全基因组关联研究构建预测模型并揭示大环内酯类耐药百日咳鲍特菌的新耐药特征 Jialiang Chen and Guowei Liang Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 5, May 2026, dkag131, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag131 14 Real-world validation of a reduced-dose continuous infusion cefepime regimen: pharmacodynamic target attainment, efficacy and neurotoxicity  减量持续静脉输注头孢吡肟方案的实际应用验证：药效学目标达成情况、疗效及神经毒性 Kieffer Korvin and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 5, May 2026, dkag138, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag138 15 Cross-species and cross-border spread of aph(3′)-ia-mediated neomycin resistance in Escherichia coli from animals: a genomic perspective  从基因组角度研究动物源大肠杆菌中aph(3′)-ia介导的新霉素耐药性的跨物种和跨国传播 Mattia Pirolo and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 5, May 2026, dkag143, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag143 16 Prevalence of cyp51A variants in a US collection of Aspergillus fumigatus clinical isolates and comparative analysis of their contribution to triazole antifungal resistance  美国烟曲霉临床分离株集合中cyp51A变异体的流行情况及其对三唑类抗真菌药物耐药性作用的比较分析 Luisa Fernanda Gómez Londoño and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 5, May 2026, dkag124, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag124 17 In vitro and in vivo activity of daptomycin plus ceftaroline for the treatment of experimental endocarditis due to Enterococcus faecalis with and without high-level aminoglycoside resistance 达托霉素联合头孢洛林对高水平氨基糖苷类耐药及非耐药粪肠球菌所致实验性心内膜炎的体内外疗效研究 María-Alexandra Cañas and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 5, May 2026, dkag136, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag136 18 Pharmacokinetics of a three-dose regimen of intramuscular benzathine penicillin G in pregnant women with syphilis 三剂苄星青霉素G肌内注射方案在妊娠期梅毒患者中的药代动力学研究 Eshetie Melese Birru and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 5, May 2026, dkag145, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag145 19 Cefiderocol resistance mediated by mutation of the miniconductance mechanosensitive channel MscM in Klebsiella oxytoca 由产气克雷伯菌中微小电导机械敏感通道MscM发生突变所介导的头孢地尔耐药性 Pia Turowski and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 5, May 2026, dkag147, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag147 20 The veterinary clinic backyard lawn used for relief walks of hospitalized dogs is a hotspot for OXA-type carbapenemases in multiple Enterobacterales  兽医诊所后院供住院犬只散步的草坪是多种肠杆菌科细菌中OXA型碳青霉烯酶的传播热点区域 Yvonne Spahr and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 5, May 2026, dkag144, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag144 21 Pharmacokinetics of cefazolin in bariatric surgery patients: a preoperative perspective  头孢唑林在减肥手术患者中的药代动力学：术前视角 Alexandra Porlier and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 5, May 2026, dkag150, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag150 RESEARCH LETTERS（研究快讯） 22 Plasmid-encoded FRI-10 carbapenemase harboured by non-Enterobacter species isolated from a wastewater sample in Tokyo, Japan 从日本东京废水样本中分离出的非肠杆菌科物种携带质粒编码的FRI-10碳青霉烯酶 Kou Murakami and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 5, May 2026, dkag133, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag133 23 Synergistic activity of cefepime/enmetazobactam with meropenem, piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefiderocol and fosfomycin against Klebsiella pneumoniae carrying blaKPC allelic variants  头孢吡肟/恩美唑巴坦与美罗培南、哌拉西林、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、西他沙星和磷霉素针对携带blaKPC等位基因变体的肺炎克雷伯菌的协同作用 Alice Crema and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 5, May 2026, dkag141, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag141 24 MRSA and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii on the fall: successful infection prevention and control in Chilean ICUs 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌数量下降：智利重症监护病房感染预防与控制的成功案例 Patricio Ross and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 5, May 2026, dkag146, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag146 LETTER TO THE EDITOR（致编辑的信） 25 Comment on: Model-based assessment of VRC07-523LS dosing in infants through population pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modelling in adults and infants 评论：基于模型的评估VRC07-523LS在婴儿中的给药剂量——基于成人和婴儿群体药代动力学-药效学模型 Wanhua Qiu Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 5, May 2026, dkag139, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag139 26 Comment on: Comparing serotype coverage of pneumococcal vaccines with PCV21 (V116), a new 21-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine, and the epidemiology of its eight unique Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes (15A, 15C, 16F, 23A, 23B, 24F, 31 and 35B) causing invasive pneumococcal disease in adult patients in Canada: SAVE study, 2018–21 评论：比较含21种血清型的肺炎球菌疫苗PCV21（V116）（一种新型21价结合肺炎球菌疫苗）的血清型覆盖范围，以及2018 - 2021年SAVE研究中导致加拿大成年患者侵袭性肺炎球菌疾病的8种独特肺炎链球菌血清型（15A、15C、16F、23A、23B、24F、31和35B）的流行病学情况 Gokul Raj Pullagura and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 5, May 2026, dkag125, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag125 27 Comment on: Distinct population structure and genomic context of NarAB between broiler and human clinical Enterococcus isolates 评论：肉鸡源和人临床来源肠球菌分离株中NarAB的不同种群结构和基因组背景 Alex Wong Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 5, May 2026, dkag134, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag134 28 Distinct population structure and genomic context of narAB between broiler and human clinical Enterococcus isolates—authors’ response 肉鸡源和人临床来源肠球菌分离株中narAB的不同种群结构和基因组背景——作者回复 Jayanth Balakuntla and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 5, May 2026, dkag135, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag135 Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Volume 81, Issue 6抗菌化疗杂志81卷 6期 https://academic.oup.com/jac/issue 50TH ANNIVERSARY COLLECTION（50周年纪念合集） REVIEW（综述） 1 A strategic discovery roadmap towards high-quality leads and drug development candidates for kinetoplastid diseases. Part 3: from lead towards a drug development candidate  针对动基体疾病高质量先导化合物和药物开发候选物的战略发现路线图。第三部分：从先导化合物到药物开发候选物 Sarah Hendrickx and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag111, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag111 ORIGINAL RESEARCH（原创研究） 2 Population pharmacokinetics and probability of target attainment of tigecycline in critically ill children 危重患儿中替加环素（Tigecycline）的群体药代动力学及目标达成概率研究 Wenjuan Hu and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag156, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag156 3 Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of HMB-3, a metallo-beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas asiatica  假单胞菌属亚洲种（Pseudomonas asiatica）中金属β-内酰胺酶HMB-3的表型和基因型特征 Jacqueline Findlay and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag148, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag148 4 Early adequate linezolid concentrations and clinical outcomes in confirmed Gram-positive infections: the role of therapeutic drug monitoring 确诊的革兰氏阳性菌感染中早期达到适宜利奈唑胺浓度与临床预后的关系：治疗药物监测的作用 Daniel Fresán and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag137, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag137 5 Monte Carlo simulations identify suboptimal PK/PD target attainment with standard maribavir dosing 蒙特卡洛模拟表明标准剂量马立巴韦的药动学/药效学靶标达成情况欠佳 Yeleen Fromage and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag153, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag153 6 Exploring the pharmacokinetic mechanisms that affect bictegravir exposure during pregnancy  探究妊娠期间影响比克替拉韦暴露的药代动力学机制 L van der Wekken-Pas and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag159, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag159 7 Artificial intelligence for analysing antibiotic use: an exploratory study in a tertiary care paediatric hospital in Italy 人工智能用于分析抗生素使用情况：意大利一家三级儿科医院的探索性研究 Elio Castagnola and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag162, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag162 8 Antimicrobial activity of aztreonam–avibactam against KPC variant-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae with ceftazidime–avibactam resistance 氨曲南-阿维巴坦对产KPC变异体且对头孢他啶-阿维巴坦耐药的肺炎克雷伯菌的抗菌活性 Jingchun Kong and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag152, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag152 9 Highly transformable Haemophilus influenzae as a potential amplifier of quinolone resistance dissemination 高转化型流感嗜血杆菌作为喹诺酮耐药性传播的潜在放大器 Takeaki Wajima and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag160, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag160 10 Comparative nephrotoxicity of polymyxin B versus colistin: evidence from ensemble learning and propensity score matching 多黏菌素B与黏菌素的肾毒性比较：来自集成学习和倾向评分匹配的证据 Murat Özdede and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag044, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag044 11 Emulating a target trial of early compared with late initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy for hospital-acquired monobacterial Gram-negative bloodstream infections  模拟医院获得性单菌革兰氏阴性菌血流感染早期与晚期开始恰当抗生素治疗的对照试验 Abdullah T Aslan and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag161, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag161 12 Flufenamic acid resensitizes MRSA to gentamicin through synergistic ion modulation 氟苯尼考通过协同离子调节使MRSA对庆大霉素重新敏感 Xiaomin Ren and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag154, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag154 13 Description of OXA-244 carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli in farm animals in The Netherlands, 2024  2024年荷兰农场动物中OXA-244碳青霉烯酶产大肠杆菌的描述 K T Veldman and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag155, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag155 14 Clinical outcomes of beta-bactam monotherapy versus beta-lactam plus azithromycin in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumoniae β-内酰胺类单药治疗与β-内酰胺类联合阿奇霉素治疗社区获得性肺炎住院患者的临床预后比较 Ilona Zhygalova Zhygalova and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag158, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag158 15 ‘Leaving no stones unturned’: up to 10 years results on the effectiveness, tolerability and metabolic safety of dolutegravir+lamivudine (DTG+3TC) as a switch regimen in the ODOACRE cohort  "不遗余力"：ODOACRE队列中多替拉韦+拉米夫定（DTG+3TC）作为转换方案长达10年的有效性、耐受性及代谢安全性结果 Arturo Ciccullo and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag172, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag172 16 Evaluation of a novel lateral flow immunochromatographic assay, Certest ResisCheck® Carbapenemases, for the rapid detection and differentiation of carbapenemase in Gram-negative bacteria from bacterial culture  新型侧向流免疫层析检测试剂Certest ResisCheck® Carbapenemases用于革兰氏阴性菌培养物中碳青霉烯酶快速检测与鉴别的评估 Laura Monge-Olivares and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag149, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag149 17 Temocillin efficacy and emergence of resistance in Enterobacter cloacae Complex in a murine peritonitis model 替莫西林对产气肠杆菌复合群的疗效及耐药性演变：小鼠腹膜炎模型研究 N Alanbari and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag151, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag151 18 Temporal association between aerosolized colistin use and colistin resistance in the ICU: a time-series analysis ICU中雾化粘菌素使用与粘菌素耐药之间的时间关联：一项时间序列分析 Weechang Kang and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag169, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag169 19 Can antimicrobial stewardship programmes be implemented during an armed conflict? A retrospective interventional cohort study 武装冲突期间能否实施抗菌药物管理计划？一项回顾性干预性队列研究 Hailie D Uren and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag115, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag115 20 Voriconazole therapy and CYP2C19 phenotype: identifying patients who may need alternative antifungal therapy  伏立康唑治疗与CYP2C19表型：识别可能需要替代抗真菌治疗的患者 Eman Wehbe and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag168, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag168 21 Impact of cardiopulmonary bypass on cefuroxime plasma and interstitial tissue concentrations in patients undergoing cardiac bypass surgery—a prospective controlled clinical trial 体外循环对心脏旁路手术患者头孢呋辛血浆及组织间质浓度的影响——一项前瞻性对照临床试验 Stefanie Nothofer and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag171, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag171 22 Population pharmacokinetic analysis and dosing regimen optimization of eravacycline in critically ill patients with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia 对碳青霉烯耐药鲍曼不动杆菌肺炎危重患者中埃拉环素的药代动力学分析及给药方案优化 Luqi Lou and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag178, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag178 23 Durability and mechanistic performance of aztreonam/avibactam versus aztreonam plus ceftazidime/avibactam against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia complex 氨曲南/阿维巴坦与氨曲南联合头孢他啶/阿维巴坦对抗嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌复合群的耐久性和机制性能比较 Ashlan J Kunz Coyne and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag177, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag177 24 High-dose daptomycin for the treatment of invasive infections due to Enterococcus faecalis isolates with intermediate susceptibility 高剂量达托霉素治疗粪肠球菌中介敏感株所致侵袭性感染的疗效 Sidney Drake and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag179, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag179 25 Updated mapping of Plasmodium falciparum kelch13 gene polymorphisms in Madagascar, 2024 2024年马达加斯加恶性疟原虫kelch13基因多态性的最新图谱更新 Camille Roesch and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag181, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag181 26 Efficacy of ceftazidime/avibactam against 10 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in icodextrin-based peritoneal dialysis solution and patient-derived dialysate 头孢他啶/阿维巴坦针对icodextrin基腹膜透析液及患者来源透析液中10株铜绿假单胞菌临床分离株的抗菌活性 Stephanie Supparitsch and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag185, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag185 27 Cefiderocol activity against multidrug-resistant isolates from the PERSEUS study: relationship between cefiderocol minimum inhibitory concentration and clinical outcomes  头孢德罗对PERSEUS研究中多重耐药分离株的抗菌活性：头孢德罗最低抑菌浓度与临床预后之间的关系 Rafael Cantón and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag164, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag164 28 Class 1 DISARM system in restriction of conjugative carbapenemase-encoding plasmids in Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 23 1类DISARM系统对肺炎克雷伯菌ST23中接合型碳青霉烯酶编码质粒的限制作用 Qingqing Du and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag167, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag167 29 Acute kidney injury following amikacin therapy: a retrospective cohort study 阿米卡星治疗后急性肾损伤：一项回顾性队列研究 Iris Zohar and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag188, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag188 30 Performance of EUCAST disc diffusion and supplementary methods to detect reduced susceptibility to linezolid in enterococci— the NordicAST LRE-study  EUCAST纸片扩散法及补充方法检测肠球菌利奈唑胺低敏感性的表现——NordicAST LRE研究 Bjørg Christina Haldorsen and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag174, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag174 31 In vitro exposure to non-antipseudomonal antibiotics (NAPA) induces Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance to antipseudomonal antibiotics (APA)  体外暴露于非抗假单胞菌抗生素（NAPA）可诱导铜绿假单胞菌对抗假单胞菌抗生素（APA）产生耐药性 David Lasry and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag182, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag182 32 Sub-inhibitory polyether ionophores enhance resistance plasmid transfer and transiently perturb the broiler gut resistome 亚抑制浓度的聚醚离子载体可促进耐药质粒转移并暂时扰乱肉鸡肠道耐药组 Jingyue Yang and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag190, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag190 33 Influence of a putative TonB-dependent receptor on cefiderocol susceptibility in clinical Enterobacter hormaechei isolates 推测的TonB依赖性受体对临床肠杆菌hormaechei分离株中头孢地尔敏感性的影响 Pia Turowski and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag193, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag193 RESEARCH LETTERS（研究快报） 34 Early bictegravir failure and emergence of R263K-mediated class-wide HIV integrase inhibitors resistance linked to over-the-counter supplement use 比克替拉韦早期治疗失败与R263K介导的与非处方补充剂使用相关的全类HIV整合酶抑制剂耐药的出现 Elisa Minacori and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag157, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag157 35 Environmental benefits of switching from intravenous to oral administration of ciprofloxacin  环丙沙星从静脉给药转换为口服给药的环境效益 Nicolas De Jaegher and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag163, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag163 36 Macrolide resistance via 23S rRNA gene mutation in Corynebacterium ulcerans  白喉棒状杆菌通过23S rRNA基因突变介导的大环内酯类耐药 Chiara Crestani and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag166, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag166 37 Prosthesis-associated Burkholderia cepacia complex infection managed with sequential directed therapy including ceftolozane/tazobactam 采用包括头孢妥仑/他唑巴坦在内的序贯导向疗法治疗假体相关洋葱伯克霍尔德菌复合感染 Elia Asensi-Díaz and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag165, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag165 38 Drug interactions and kidney safety of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in kidney transplant recipients with HIV: an interventional pilot study 比克替拉韦/恩曲他滨/丙酚替诺福韦在合并HIV的肾移植受者中的药物相互作用及肾脏安全性：一项干预性 pilot 研究 Thomas Stehlé and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag176, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag176 39 Harmonizing antimicrobial susceptibility testing: a comparison of CLSI and EUCAST categorizations 抗菌药物敏感性试验的协调：CLSI与EUCAST分类法的比较 Eric Farfour and Marie Lavollay Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag081, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag081 LETTER TO THE EDITOR（致编辑的信） 40 Comment on: Impact of loading dose β-lactam therapy on outcomes of KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections in non-ICU patients: a real world study 对"负荷剂量β-内酰胺类治疗对非ICU患者产KPC肺炎克雷伯菌血流感染结局的影响：一项现实研究"的评论 Xuefeng Yu Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag173, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag173 41 Comment on: ‘Cooperation between HIV-1 integrase natural polymorphism K156N and 3′PPT mutations in dolutegravir monotherapy failure’ 评论："HIV-1整合酶天然多态性K156N与3′PPT突变在多替拉韦单药治疗失败中的协同作用" Muhammad Ifham Hanif and Mentari Maratus Sholihah Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2026, dkag175, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag175 Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Volume 81, Issue Supplement_1抗菌化疗杂志81卷 增刊1期 https://academic.oup.com/jac/issue/81/Supplement_1?login=false SUPPLEMENT（增刊） Breaking Evidence and Insights into Effective Utilization and Implementation of Procalcitonin 降钙素原有效利用与实施的突破性证据与见解 VIRTUAL ROUNDTABLE（线上圆桌论坛） 1 Procalcitonin in the management of lower respiratory tract infection and sepsis  降钙素原在下呼吸道感染和脓毒症治疗中的应用 Ramy H Elshaboury and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue Supplement_1, June 2026, Pages i1–i5, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf298 VIEWPOINT（观点） 2 Beyond the algorithm: reframing biomarker-guided antibiotic stewardship with behavioural insights  超越算法：以行为学见解重构生物标志物导向的抗菌药物管理 Patrycja Sleboda and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue Supplement_1, June 2026, Pages i6–i8, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag140 CORRECTION（更正） 3 Correction to: Procalcitonin in the management of lower respiratory tract infection and sepsis 更正：降钙素原在下呼吸道感染和脓毒症治疗中的应用 Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue Supplement_1, June 2026, Page i9, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag170