The investigators thus propose a comparative effectiveness quality improvement project to evaluate the feasibility of switching from near-exclusive use of isoflurane in adult general surgical patients to Desflurane.

开始日期2024-05-01

申办/合作机构

The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

NCT06241131 / Not yet recruiting早期临床1期IIT

Study on the Quality of Recovery From General Anesthesia With Desflurane for Fundus Surgery-A Single Center, Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Clinical Trial

The goal of this clinical trials to study and compare the effects of "desflurane with remifentanil anesthesia (study group)" and "sevoflurane with remifentanil anesthesia (control group)" for elective fundus surgery anesthesia. The main question it aims to answer are the characteristics of desflurane anesthesia in patients undergoing fundus surgery and to provide universal guidance for clinical application.

开始日期2024-03-01

申办/合作机构

四川省人民医院

NCT06349057 / Recruiting临床4期IIT

The Effect of the Anticholinergic Burden on Complications and Mortality Following Elective Coronary Artery Surgery in Patients Over 60 Years

Many drugs have anticholinergic activity. This means that it blocks the muscarinic binding of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
In this study, the anticholinergic burden of the patients in the perioperative period will be calculated with the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale (ACBS) and patients with a score of 1 or above will be included in the study. Anticholinergic load of drugs used in the intraoperative period; Its effect on postoperative hospital stay, morbidity and mortality following elective heart surgery will be investigated.

开始日期2024-01-01

申办/合作机构

Ankara Bilkent City Hospital

100 项与地氟烷相关的临床结果

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100 项与地氟烷相关的转化医学

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100 项与地氟烷相关的专利（医药）

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2,419

项与地氟烷相关的文献（医药）

2024-03-01·BJA open

A randomised controlled trial comparing quality of recovery between desflurane and isoflurane inhalation anaesthesia in patients undergoing ophthalmological surgery at a tertiary hospital in South Africa (DIQoR trial).

Article

作者: Charlé Steyl ; Hyla-Louise Kluyts

Background:

The patient's experience of their postoperative recovery is an important perioperative outcome, with the 15-item quality of recovery scale (QoR-15) recommended as a standardised outcomes measure. Desflurane has a faster emergence from anaesthesia compared with other volatile anaesthetics, but it is uncertain whether this translates to better subjective quality of recovery. The hypothesis for this study is that patients receiving desflurane for maintenance of anaesthesia would have better postoperative quality of recovery than patients receiving isoflurane.

Methods:

Male and female adult patients undergoing ophthalmological surgery under general anaesthesia were randomly allocated to receive desflurane or isoflurane for maintenance of anaesthesia. The primary outcome was to compare postoperative QoR-15 scores. Secondary outcomes included comparing preoperative QoR-15 scores, volatile agent consumption, and time spent in the recovery room.

Results:

Data from 164 patients were analysed (80 desflurane, 84 isoflurane). Median (Q1, Q3) postoperative QoR-15 scores were not significantly different (desflurane: 145 [141, 148], isoflurane: 144 [139, 147], 95% confidence interval 0-3, P=0.176, minimal clinically important difference=8). Median (Q1, Q3) volatile agent consumption was 15.4 (12.5, 19.3) ml hr^-1 in the desflurane group, and 7.4 (5.9, 9.7) ml hr^-1 in the isoflurane group. Median (Q1, Q3) time spent in the recovery room was significantly shorter in the desflurane group (desflurane: 18 [13, 23]; isoflurane: 25 [19, 32], 95% confidence interval -10 to 5, P<0.001).

Conclusions:

This study found no difference in quality of recovery between patients who received desflurane or isoflurane for maintenance of general anaesthesia during ophthalmological surgery. A shorter time in the recovery room was not associated with improved QoR-15 scores.

Clinical trial registration:

NCT04188314.

2024-02-21·Anesthesia and analgesia

Effect of Propofol Infusion on Need for Rescue Antiemetics in Postanesthesia Care Unit After Volatile Anesthesia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Article

作者: Juraj Sprung ; Atousa Deljou ; Darrell R Schroeder ; David O Warner ; Toby N Weingarten

BACKGROUND:

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are frequent after volatile anesthesia. We hypothesized that coadministration of propofol with volatile anesthetic compared to pure volatile anesthetics would decrease the need for postoperative antiemetic treatments and shorten recovery time in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU).

METHODS:

We retrospectively identified adult patients who underwent procedures using general anesthesia with volatile agents, with or without propofol infusion, from May 2018 through December 2020, and who were admitted to the PACU. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis was performed using generalized estimating equations with robust variance estimates to assess whether propofol was associated with decreased need for rescue antiemetics.

RESULTS:

Among 47,847 patients, overall IPTW rescue antiemetic use was 4.7% for 17,573 patients who received propofol and 8.2% for 30,274 who did not (odds ratio [OR], 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49-0.61; P<.001). This effect associated with propofol was present regardless of the intensity of antiemetic prophylaxis (OR, 0.59, 0.51, and 0.58 for 0-1, 2, and ≥3 antiemetics used, respectively), procedural duration (OR, 0.54, 0.62, and 0.47 for ≤2.50, 2.51-4.00, ≥4.01 hours), and type of volatile agent (OR, 0.51, 0.52, and 0.57 for desflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane) (all P<.001). This effect was dose dependent, with little additional benefit for the reduction in the use of PACU antiemetics when propofol rate exceeded 100 μg/kg/min. Patients who received rescue antiemetics required longer PACU recovery time than those who did not receive antiemetics (ratio of the geometric mean, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.28-1.33; P<.001), but use of propofol did not affect PACU recovery time (ratio of the geometric mean, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.98-1.01; P=.56).

CONCLUSIONS:

The addition of propofol infusions to volatile-based anesthesia is associated with a dose-dependent reduction in the need for rescue antiemetics in the PACU regardless of the number of prophylactic antiemetics, duration of procedure, and type of volatile agent used, without affecting PACU recovery time.

2024-02-13·Die Anaesthesiologie

Electricity consumption of anesthesia workstations and potential emission savings by avoiding standby.

Article

作者: Hendrik Drinhaus ; Jorrit Drinhaus ; Christine Schumacher ; Michael J Schramm ; Wolfgang A Wetsch

BACKGROUND:

Anesthesiology has a relevant carbon footprint, mainly due to volatile anesthetics (scope 1 emissions). Additionally, energy used in the operating theater (scope 2 emissions) contributes to anesthesia-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

OBJECTIVES:

Optimizing the electricity use of medical devices might reduce both GHG emissions and costs might hold potential to reduce anaesthesia-related GHG-emissions and costs. We analyzed the electricity consumption of six different anesthesia workstations, calculated their GHG emissions and electricity costs and investigated the potential to reduce emissions and cost by using the devices in a more efficient way.

METHODS:

Power consumption (active power in watt , W) was measured with the devices off, in standby mode, or fully on with the measuring instrument SecuLife ST. Devices studied were: Dräger Primus, Löwenstein Medical LeonPlus, Getinge Flow C, Getinge Flow E, GE Carestation 750 and GE Aisys. Calculations of GHG emissions were made with different emission factors, ranging from very low (0.09 kg CO₂-equivalent/kWh) to very high (0.660 kg CO₂-equivalent/kWh). Calculations of electricity cost were made assuming a price of 0.25 € per kWh.

RESULTS:

Power consumption during operation varied from 58 W (GE CareStation 750) to 136 W (Dräger Primus). In standby, the devices consumed between 88% and 93% of the electricity needed during use. The annual electricity consumption to run 96 devices in a large clinical department ranges between 45 and 105 Megawatt-hours (MWh) when the devices are left in standby during off hours. If 80% of the devices are switched off during off hours, between 20 and 46 MWh can be saved per year in a single institution. At the average emission factor of our hospital, this electricity saving corresponds to a reduction of GHG emissions between 8.5 and 19.8 tons CO₂-equivalent. At the assumed prices, a cost reduction between 5000 € and 11,600 € could be achieved by this intervention.

CONCLUSION:

The power consumption varies considerably between the different types of anesthesia workstations. All devices exhibit a high electricity consumption in standby mode. Avoiding standby mode during off hours can save energy and thus GHG emissions and cost. The reductions in GHG emissions and electricity cost that can be achieved with this intervention in a large anesthesiology department are modest. Compared with GHG emissions generated by volatile anesthetics, particularly desflurane, optimization of electricity consumption of anesthesia workstations holds a much smaller potential to reduce the carbon footprint of anesthesia; however, as switching off anesthesia workstations overnight is relatively effortless, this behavioral change should be encouraged from both an ecological and economical point of view.

项与地氟烷相关的新闻（医药）

2024-04-02

·PRNewswire

Mars Veterinary Health pilots industry-leading anaesthetic gas capture technology to reduce carbon emissions

World's leading provider of veterinary care will be first to introduce innovative in-clinic solution to support sustainability goals BIRMINGHAM, England, April 3, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Mars Veterinary Health, through its UK veterinary group Linnaeus and in partnership with Waltham Petcare Science Institute, today announced a first-of-its-kind partnership with SageTech Veterinary to pilot an innovative anaesthetic gas capture solution to help prevent harmful greenhouse gases from entering the atmosphere. During a typical anaesthetic procedure, less than five percent of the volatile anaesthetic agent delivered to a patient is absorbed and metabolised, leaving approximately 95 percent it to be exhaled. Continue Reading Mars Veterinary Health pilots industry-leading anaesthetic gas capture technology to reduce carbon emissions SageTech's trusted gas-capture technology—which is currently used in human healthcare—works by capturing the waste anaesthetic agent breathed out during an operation by safely adsorbing it into a specially developed reusable capture canister. These waste anaesthetic agents can then be extracted from the filter, avoiding current routes for disposal of volatile anaesthetic agents of incineration or release into the atmosphere. "As a leading provider of veterinary care, we have a responsibility to take climate action at scale and lead the way toward more sustainable practices," said Ellie West, RCVS and EBVS® European Specialist in Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, and Linnaeus Environmental Sustainability Lead. "Our innovative collaboration should help us take a significant step forward in our sustainability journey, aimed at contributing to a better future for the planet—and the people and pets who depend on it." A veterinary-industry first, Mars Veterinary Health's one-year pilot will start with 10 Linnaeus primary care and referral veterinary practices in the UK with the aim of reducing anaesthesia-related carbon emissions resulting from release or disposal of these agents and determining the efficiency of capture in its clinics, ultimately supporting its goal of reducing climate-change impacts. Mars Veterinary Health aims to use these learnings to explore the potential application of this technology across other parts of its business in the years to come. "At SageTech Veterinary, we are excited to share our developed technology and work alongside Mars Veterinary Health to significantly reduce the carbon footprint associated with the direct release of waste volatile anaesthetic agents to the environment," said Iain Menneer, CEO of SageTech Medical. "It has been wonderful to work with the Linnaeus and Waltham teams, and we are confident this pilot project will demonstrate to the veterinary profession how such collaborations can be a collective force for good." This industry-first pilot in sustainable veterinary care is consistent with Mars, Incorporated's Net Zero Roadmap, a detailed action plan for achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, as well as details on the company's progress and history of working on climate action. Details about Mars, Incorporated's wider sustainability—including climate—work can be found in its Sustainable in a Generation Scorecard. About Mars Veterinary Health Mars Veterinary Health is a global division of Mars Petcare dedicated to delivering high-quality pet healthcare to further its collective Purpose: A BETTER WORLD FOR PETS™. Mars Veterinary Health's 70,000 Associates across 3,000 global veterinary clinics put pets, people, and the planet first. The Mars Veterinary Health family includes Associates at AniCura, Banfield, BluePearl, Creature Comforts, Gentle Oak, Hillside, Linnaeus, Mount Pleasant, Tai Wai, VCA, VES, and VSH who demonstrate compassion and expertise while enabling 35 million pet visits each year. Learn more at marsveterinary.com. About Linnaeus Part of Mars Veterinary Health, Linnaeus is a highly respected community of more than 50 primary care and 17 referral veterinary practices based in the UK. Linnaeus employs over 6,000 pet-loving Associates with some of the country's finest vet and nursing teams who together are committed to excellence and delivering high-quality care to patients. Learn more at linnaeusgroup.co.uk. About Mars Science & Diagnostics Mars Science & Diagnostics is a division of Mars Petcare, a diverse business dedicated to one purpose: A BETTER WORLD FOR PETS™. Science & Diagnostics brings together the power of leading pet health science with expertise across diagnostics, data, and technology to improve outcomes in pet health. Antech, our global veterinary diagnostics business, spans in-house diagnostic laboratory instruments and consumables, including rapid assay diagnostic products and digital cytology services; local and cloud-based data services; practice information management software; reference laboratories; veterinary imaging and technology; education; and telemedicine with board-certified specialist support services. Our at-home diagnostics offering includes Wisdom Panel, the world's most accurate pet DNA test. For 60 years, our Waltham Petcare Science Institute has been advancing science to better understand pet health. About SageTech Veterinary The manufacture of virgin anaesthetic agents and their release as waste volatile gases is highly damaging to the environment and contributes significantly to the total carbon footprint of healthcare. SageTech Veterinary is part of SageTech Medical, a medical device and pharmaceutical company focused on the research, design, manufacture, and distribution of technologies for the capture and recycling of waste volatile anaesthetic agents in human and animal healthcare. Their unique circular economy solution safely captures volatile anaesthetic agents (sevoflurane, isoflurane, desflurane) through actively controlled adsorption onto a reusable capture canister. Learn more at sagetechveterinary.com. Photo - SOURCE Mars PetCare

2023-08-04

·米内网

【市场】最高83%！这款常用急救药降价了

精彩内容近日，江苏省公共资源交易中心发布一则“关于调整部分药品供应价格的通知”。据悉，此次共计78个药品主动调价，单品最高降幅超80%。其中，不乏盐酸肾上腺素注射液、盐酸多巴胺注射液等临床常用急救药，以及吸入用地氟烷、谷美替尼片等独家大单品；涉及科伦药业、恒瑞医药、先声药业等知名药企。来源：江苏省公共资源交易中心根据上述通知内容，经企业申请，江苏省公共资源交易中心已确认78个药品的调价申请，并将于8月8日起正式执行新的挂网价格。药品价格调整名单来源：江苏省公共资源交易中心，米内网整理从产品剂型看，注射剂占据“大头”，有45个产品进入调价目录，占比超过50%；片剂（19个）、丸剂（3个）、软膏剂（3个）、滴眼剂（2个）、洗剂（2个）分别位居其后；胶囊剂、颗粒剂、口服液体剂、吸入剂则各有1个产品在列。其中，盐酸肾上腺素注射液是一款用于心肺复苏的主要急救药物，米内网数据显示，随着疫情防控进入常态化，2021年起在中国城市公立医院、县级公立医院、城市社区中心及乡镇卫生院（简称中国公立医疗机构）终端，该药重回2亿元水平并稳步上涨，2022年的销售额超过2.7亿元。市场份额方面，天津金耀药业、远大医药(中国)、上海禾丰制药强势领跑，三者市占比合计超80%。而此番西安利君制药的盐酸肾上腺素注射液降价83%挂网，也体现出其通过“以价换量”，进一步扩容产品市场的决心。2022年中国公立医疗机构终端盐酸肾上腺素注射液品牌格局来源：米内网中国公立医疗机构药品终端竞争格局甲苯磺酸艾多沙班片是由第一三共开发的一款可直接作用于凝血因子Xa的新型抗凝药物，主要用于预防非瓣膜性房颤成人患者卒中和体循环栓塞。据公司财报显示，该药2022年全球销售额达2222亿日元（约合人民币111亿元，按即时汇率换算）。近年来甲苯磺酸艾多沙班片全球销售趋势（单位：亿日元）来源：米内网跨国上市公司数据库反观国内，该药2022年在中国公立医疗机构终端销售额约2.5亿元，同比增幅达181.37%，可见其市场体量虽不大，但产品潜力十足。2022年9月，先声药业的甲苯磺酸艾多沙班片获批上市，为国内首仿+首家过评，而此次在江苏降价挂网，有望进一步蚕食原研产品的市场份额。甲苯磺酸艾多沙班片新分类报产在审情况来源：米内网中国申报进度（MED）数据库除先声药业外，该产品还有南京正大天晴制药、扬子江药业、山东新时代药业、上海迪赛诺医药4家企业以新分类申报上市，目前在审评审批中。来源：米内网数据库、江苏省公共资源交易中心注：米内网《中国公立医疗机构药品终端竞争格局》，统计范围是：中国城市公立医院、县级公立医院、城市社区中心以及乡镇卫生院，不含民营医院、私人诊所、村卫生室；上述销售额以产品在终端的平均零售价计算。数据统计截至8月3日，如有疏漏，欢迎指正！本文为原创稿件，转载请注明来源和作者，否则将追究侵权责任。投稿及报料请发邮件到872470254@qq.com稿件要求详询米内微信首页菜单栏商务及内容合作可联系QQ：412539092【分享、点赞、在看】点一点不失联哦

一致性评价财报

2023-07-12

·药闻康策

重磅：网售处方药新规定，这些品种网络禁售！

☝ 点击上方一键预约 ☝ 最新最热的医药健康新闻政策日前，国家药监局在官网公布该局综合司关于《药品网络销售禁止清单（第一版）》有关问题的复函，该复函是答复广东省药监局《关于请明确药品网络销售相关问题的函》。答复函对《药品网络销售禁止清单（第一版）》（下称《清单》）中相关药品的处理方式进行了答复。答复函显示：一、《清单》第二项第（二）款“含麻醉药品口服复方制剂”，具体参照《食品药品监管总局办公厅关于进一步加强含麻醉药品和曲马多口服复方制剂购销管理的通知》（食药监办药化监〔2014〕111号）中所列产品名单执行。二、复合包装产品中包含《清单》中第二项第（四）款所列药品的单方制剂，应按照禁售清单要求执行。如：雌二醇片/雌二醇地屈孕酮片复合包装含有单方制剂雌二醇片，属于《清单》中禁止通过网络零售的品种。三、此前已出现的相关产品网售行为，监管部门应当根据上述要求责令相关企业限期整改。逾期不改正的，依法予以处罚。这次是针对《清单》第二项中的含麻醉药品口服复方制剂、右美沙芬口服单方制剂内容的答复：即《清单》第二项第（二）款“含麻醉药品口服复方制剂”，具体参照《食品药品监管总局办公厅关于进一步加强含麻醉药品和曲马多口服复方制剂购销管理的通知》中所列产品名单执行。国家药监局组织制定的《药品网络销售禁止清单(第一版)》，自2022年12月1日起施行。该《清单》包含两大类药品：其一是政策法规明确禁止销售的药品，包括：疫苗、血液制品、麻醉药品、精神药品、医疗用毒性药品、放射性药品、药品类易制毒化学品；医疗机构制剂、中药配方颗粒。其二是其他禁止通过网络零售的药品，包括：一、注射剂(降糖类药物除外)。二、含麻黄碱类复方制剂(不包括含麻黄的中成药)、含麻醉药品口服复方制剂、含曲马多口服复方制剂、右美沙芬口服单方制剂。三、《兴奋剂目录》所列的蛋白同化制剂和肽类激素(胰岛素除外)。四、地高辛、丙吡胺、奎尼丁、哌唑嗪、普鲁卡因胺、普罗帕酮、胺碘酮、奎宁、氨茶碱、胆茶碱、异丙肾上腺素；苯妥英钠、卡马西平、拉莫三嗪、水合氯醛、达比加群酯、华法林、替格瑞洛、西洛他唑、扑米酮、碳酸锂、异氟烷、七氟烷、恩氟烷、地氟烷、秋水仙碱；米非司酮、复方米非司酮、环丙孕酮、卡前列甲酯、雌二醇、米索前列醇、地诺前列酮；法罗培南、夫西地酸、伏立康唑、利奈唑胺、奈诺沙星、泊沙康唑、头孢地尼、伊曲康唑、左奥硝唑、头孢泊肟酯。 (来源：国家药监局医药云端工作室、蒲公英、医药慧）药闻康策新媒体矩阵微信公众号点击下方一键关注【免责声明】1.“药闻康策”部分文章信息来源于网络转载是出于传递更多信息之目的，并不意味着赞同其观点或证实其内容的真实性。如对内容有疑议，请及时与我司联系。2.“药闻康策”致力于提供合理、准确、完整的资讯信息，但不保证信息的合理性、准确性和完整性，且不对因信息的不合理、不准确或遗漏导致的任何损失或损害承担责任。3.“药闻康策”所有信息仅供参考，不做任何商业交易或医疗服务的根据，如自行使用“药闻康策”内容发生偏差，我司不承担任何责任，包括但不限于法律责任，赔偿责任。欢迎转发分享、点赞、点在看

疫苗放射疗法并购

100 项与地氟烷相关的药物交易

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外链

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D00546	地氟烷	N01AB07	DB01189

研发状态

适应症	最高研发状态	国家/地区	公司
麻醉	批准上市	日本更多	Baxter Healthcare Corp. 更多

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临床结果

适应症

分期

评价

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研究	分期	人群特征	评价人数	分组	结果	评价	发布日期


NCT02756715 (Pubmed \| Biomed Res Int)	N/A	-	80	Desflurane group	壓獵遞網衊餘艱夢鏇壓(積鑰醖鏇顧簾構鬱蓋構) = Pulmonary oxygenation was briefly improved after tourniquet deflation in the desflurane group but was similar between the two groups begging at 1 h, postoperatively 積製積壓鏇獵範構製鹹 (鹽憲壓膚廠簾網鏇鑰製 )	-	2021-01-01
				Propofol group
NCT02922660 (Pubmed \| Chin Med J (Engl))	N/A	斜视	200	Desflurane anesthesia	繭鬱觸顧鏇鹹淵簾製構(廠築鑰鹽糧繭艱鑰遞襯) = 餘鹹襯淵顧衊廠襯網醖廠衊壓網餘醖蓋製餘製 (範鬱選網餘網艱齋選顧 ) 更多	-	2020-04-05
				Propofol-remifentanil anesthesia	繭鬱觸顧鏇鹹淵簾製構(廠築鑰鹽糧繭艱鑰遞襯) = 積衊鬱衊糧網簾構製窪廠衊壓網餘醖蓋製餘製 (範鬱選網餘網艱齋選顧 ) 更多
KCT0004365 (Pubmed \| BMJ Open)	N/A	-	80	Intravenous propofol	(憲糧構選積膚範築簾獵) = 餘艱選廠壓齋廠遞廠獵蓋遞構鏇鬱淵憲獵衊獵 (衊鏇衊範製顧蓋壓餘衊 ) 更多	-	2020-12-15
				Inhalational desflurane	(憲糧構選積膚範築簾獵) = 淵齋膚願襯憲簾糧製壓蓋遞構鏇鬱淵憲獵衊獵 (衊鏇衊範製顧蓋壓餘衊 ) 更多
NCT02191371 (Pubmed)	N/A	-	103	Desflurane-remifentanil anesthesia	餘觸淵觸鹹餘衊憲鬱簾(顧憲繭衊糧選膚衊鬱醖) = 鑰衊鏇觸齋鏇餘廠選構選鏇製獵鹹簾顧鬱製網 (淵獵範廠鬱憲選觸願齋 )	-	2017-01-18
				Propofol-remifentanil anesthesia	餘觸淵觸鹹餘衊憲鬱簾(顧憲繭衊糧選膚衊鬱醖) = 鹹憲繭鏇鹹積獵膚淵網選鏇製獵鹹簾顧鬱製網 (淵獵範廠鬱憲選觸願齋 )
NCT02909413 (Pubmed \| Paediatr Anaesth)	N/A	苏醒期谵妄	-	Sevoflurane anesthesia	繭齋膚願顧範餘壓憲鏇(蓋餘憲齋窪衊艱範齋膚) = 膚醖廠糧簾選夢鬱鏇製壓襯窪餘壓積顧夢獵鬱 (範醖襯餘憲壓獵餘範蓋 ) 更多	-	2013-04-01
				Desflurane anesthesia	繭齋膚願顧範餘壓憲鏇(蓋餘憲齋窪衊艱範齋膚) = 簾選蓋憲襯範願築顧襯壓襯窪餘壓積顧夢獵鬱 (範醖襯餘憲壓獵餘範蓋 ) 更多
NCT04691128 (Pubmed)	N/A	幕上肿瘤	110	Desflurane anesthesia	餘壓蓋願鏇觸艱鬱願顧(獵遞製膚選廠積壓鬱鹽) = 衊艱憲膚鑰艱構壓網糧膚範鹹範齋築醖繭醖構 (網糧鑰鏇淵鑰選鏇窪遞 ) 更多	-	2023-01-10
				desflurane anesthesia (Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA))	餘壓蓋願鏇觸艱鬱願顧(獵遞製膚選廠積壓鬱鹽) = 鹹範鹽壓艱顧醖網積鹹膚範鹹範齋築醖繭醖構 (網糧鑰鏇淵鑰選鏇窪遞 ) 更多
Pubmed \| Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med	N/A	-	60	desflurane	簾積繭繭衊遞艱鏇壓簾(範憲衊齋觸鑰選鹹鏇構) = 襯壓鬱憲衊範鹹蓋積鬱範糧夢顧鹽製範糧築膚 (鑰製積網壓範鹹遞製餘, 2.4 ~ 4.9) 更多	-	2022-06-01
				desflurane	簾積繭繭衊遞艱鏇壓簾(範憲衊齋觸鑰選鹹鏇構) = 廠顧範鬱鹽鏇鹽醖窪鬱範糧夢顧鹽製範糧築膚 (鑰製積網壓範鹹遞製餘, 5.0 ~ 8.2) 更多
NCT01886664 (Pubmed \| J Diabetes Res)	临床4期	-	70	Sevoflurane	憲鹹網簾積憲窪鑰構齋(繭夢選壓網艱蓋構顧夢) = 繭願憲遞構膚構餘築餘壓繭築願願網糧窪壓餘 (範糧夢網網鑰選簾簾繭 )	-	2016-03-01
				Desflurane	憲鹹網簾積憲窪鑰構齋(繭夢選壓網艱蓋構顧夢) = 壓鑰遞廠襯網鏇膚衊鹽壓繭築願願網糧窪壓餘 (範糧夢網網鑰選簾簾繭 )
NCT02283866 (Pubmed \| J Biol Chem)	N/A	麻醉	48	desflurane (Fixed-gas concentration (FG))	鏇壓範餘廠餘膚窪鏇齋(獵遞艱齋築築範鑰顧獵) = 範簾鹽鬱繭廠壓壓壓襯簾壓醖鑰膚淵膚淵夢鬱 (繭願築鹽積鏇鏇觸積壓 ) 更多	-	2020-01-01
				desflurane (Bispectral index-guided (BG))	鏇壓範餘廠餘膚窪鏇齋(獵遞艱齋築築範鑰顧獵) = 選鹹鏇艱糧衊醖鬱範積簾壓醖鑰膚淵膚淵夢鬱 (繭願築鹽積鏇鏇觸積壓 ) 更多
NCT02105610 (MYRIAD, Pubmed \| Br Dent J)	临床4期	-	5,400	Volatile anesthetics (desflurane, isoflurane, or sevoflurane)	窪壓獵願簾膚壓廠簾齋(鹹壓鹽鹽鹹鏇齋遞簾遞) = 觸鬱積襯餘齋齋鏇顧齋糧廠糧糧衊積齋繭鏇餘 (淵醖鬱積憲襯壓願窪膚 )	不佳	2019-03-28
				Total intravenous anesthesia	窪壓獵願簾膚壓廠簾齋(鹹壓鹽鹽鹹鏇齋遞簾遞) = 網蓋鏇醖廠襯鬱獵製窪糧廠糧糧衊積齋繭鏇餘 (淵醖鬱積憲襯壓願窪膚 )