预约演示
更新于：2026-03-18
Metronidazole
甲硝唑
更新于：2026-03-18
概要
基本信息
简介甲硝唑是辉瑞公司于1960年批准的一种小分子药物，可抑制DNA合成，对厌氧菌和原生动物有高效作用。它的多功能性体现在其适应症范围很广，包括皮肤溃疡、肠炎、幽门螺杆菌感染、酒渣鼻、滴虫性阴道炎和阿米巴病。通过破坏 DNA 合成，甲硝唑抑制这些微生物的生长和繁殖。它还显示出作为某些抗生素耐药性细菌感染的替代疗法的潜力。然而，与所有药物一样，甲硝唑具有潜在的副作用，例如恶心、反流和口中的金属味。患者应仔细遵循规定的剂量和治疗持续时间，以避免抗生素耐药性和副作用的风险。 |
药物类型 小分子化药 |
别名 1-(2-hydroxy-1-ethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole、1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole、1-(β-ethylol)-2-methyl-5-nitro-3-azapyrrole + [94] |
靶点- |
作用方式 抑制剂 |
作用机制 DNA合成抑制剂 |
原研机构 |
最高研发阶段批准上市 |
最高研发阶段(中国)批准上市 |
特殊审评孤儿药 (美国) |
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结构/序列
分子式C6H9N3O3 |
InChIKeyVAOCPAMSLUNLGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
CAS号443-48-1 |
关联
616
项与 甲硝唑 相关的临床试验NCT07451171
A Phase II Trial to Prevent Linear Growth Stunting and Malnutrition in Impoverished Children From a Low-Income Country by Treating Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth
CTIS2025-524362-20-00
Open-label safety and efficacy trial of chlorhexidine and/or metronidazole pre-treatment followed by FB301 in women with bacterial vaginosis (BV)
NCT07392047
Comparison Of The Efficacy Of 2% Metronidazole Gel Versus 1% Clindamycin Gel In The Treatment Of Moderate Acne Vulgaris
100 项与 甲硝唑 相关的临床结果
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100 项与 甲硝唑 相关的转化医学
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100 项与 甲硝唑 相关的专利（医药）
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22,264
项与 甲硝唑 相关的文献（医药）2026-12-31European Clinical Respiratory Journal
Treatment management of patients with lung abscess: a retrospective cohort study
Article
作者: Noerregaard Gissel, Tina ; Sperling, Søren ; Naestholt Dahl, Victor ; Gjoerup, Pia Holland ; Kirkegaard Vaarst, Jakob ; Laursen, Christian Borbjerg ; Bendstrup, Elisabeth ; Fløe, Andreas
Background:
Lung abscesses (LAs) are severe respiratory infections characterised by necrosis of pulmonary tissue. Despite the need for long-term antibiotic treatment, evidence on optimal treatment is limited, and no international guidelines exist. We aimed to evaluate different treatment strategies for treating LAs.
Methods:
Patients hospitalised from 2016 to 2021 with LA were included in a retrospective multicentre cohort study. Descriptive statistics were presented for the current treatment strategies of LA regarding the choice and duration of antibiotic treatment, as well as the use of interventional treatments and associated treatment outcomes.
Results:
In 222 patients diagnosed with LA, 89.2% were treated with intravenous antibiotics for a median duration of 14 days, followed by oral antibiotics for a median of 26 days; 10.8% received oral antibiotics as first-line therapy. Duration of intravenous treatment, total length of antibiotic treatment, and occurrence of treatment failure did not differ across the four most used antibiotic regimens: Benzylpenicillin and metronidazole, piperacillin/tazobactam with or without metronidazole, cefuroxime and metronidazole, or clindamycin monotherapy. Duration of hospitalisation varied slightly between treatment groups, with a trend of the shortest length of stay for patients treated with clindamycin. Fifteen patients underwent interventional treatment. These patients were characterised by larger abscesses, longer duration of antibiotic treatment, and higher mortality.
Conclusions:
Within the limitations of a descriptive design, no significant differences in clinical outcomes of LA were observed across the four most common antibiotic regimens. The selection of regimens varied considerably between the four study sites. Randomised studies are urgently needed to guide the best treatment choice.
2026-12-31JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGICAL TREATMENT
From signal to strategy: a disproportionality analysis of dupilumab-associated rosacea in FAERS with a summary of reported clinical cases
Review
作者: Yang, Xuefan ; Ruan, Dandan ; Chen, Xiang ; Li, Sitong ; Lin, Jiacheng ; Qiu, Xinlan ; Li, Jiaqi ; Ju, Qiang ; Mo, Xiaohui
PURPOSE:
Emerging evidence suggests rosacea as a recognizable adverse event during dupilumab therapy. This study aimed to investigate the potential association between dupilumab and rosacea using pharmacovigilance data and to characterize the clinical features of dupilumab-associated rosacea (DAR) through a review of reported cases.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
We utilized the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database (2017-2024) to identify disproportionality signals using four methods: Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), Information Component (IC), and Empirical Bayesian Geometric Mean (EBGM). To contextualize these findings, we performed a focused narrative review of 8 publications comprising 10 DAR cases with extractable individual data.
RESULTS:
A significant disproportionality signal was identified across all four methods (ROR 3.873; PRR 3.872; IC 1.865 with IC025 1.653; EBGM 3.642), with reports predominantly in adults and females. In the case review, a consistent phenotype emerged: papulopustules on persistent centrofacial erythema with frequent burning; facial predominance with occasional extension to neck, scalp, or upper trunk; frequent Demodex detection by scraping, KOH, or in vivo imaging; and occasional granulomatous histology. Onset ranged from approximately 2 weeks to 21 months, including one post-discontinuation case. Most patients improved with rosacea-directed therapy (topical ivermectin or metronidazole; anti-inflammatory-dose doxycycline). However, dechallenge or rechallenge patterns and the need for dose-interval extension, temporary interruption, or switching biologic (e.g., lebrikizumab, upadacitinib) in a subset support a drug-related pattern at the reporting level.
CONCLUSIONS:
DAR represents a distinct clinical entity from dupilumab-associated head and neck dermatitis, which is eczematous and typically responds to antifungals or calcineurin inhibitors. While disproportionality signals indicate association rather than incidence or causality and are subject to reporting bias, clinicians should be aware of this potential adverse event to ensure appropriate management.
2026-12-31Gut Microbes
Fusobacterium nucleatum
plays a pathogenic role in a murine model of irritable bowel syndrome by modulating intestinal purine metabolism and promoting mast cell activation
Article
作者: Zhou, Yesheng ; Hou, Songyuan ; Zhu, Jiaqi ; Ye, Haozhen ; Zhu, Shengtao ; Ning, Tingting ; Wang, Chenxu ; Liu, Si ; Zhang, Nan ; Lu, Shaochong ; Yang, Xinyi
Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a globally prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder; however, mechanistic insights remain limited. We determined that the bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) played a pathogenic role in a murine model of IBS. Monocolonization of antibiotic-treated or germ-free mice with F. nucleatum induced IBS-like symptoms, including visceral hypersensitivity, increased fecal water content, and accelerated gastrointestinal transit, accompanied by mast cell activation. These effects were effectively prevented by treatment with the antibiotic metronidazole, as well as by the mast cell depleting agent imatinib or the mast cell stabilizer sodium cromoglicate. Mechanistically, F. nucleatum upregulated the expression of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), a key enzyme in the purine degradation pathway. The elevated PNP activity promoted purine degradation and uric acid production in IECs, which in turn directly activated mast cells. This F. nucleatum-driven mast cell activation mediated IBS-like symptoms in ABX treated mice but was abrogated by blocking uric acid synthesis. In summary, our findings highlight the crucial role of purine metabolism reprogramming and low-grade mucosal immune responses in F. nucleatum-mediated IBS-like symptoms in mice, providing promising therapeutic perspectives for targeting F. nucleatum-positive IBS patients.
100 项与 甲硝唑 相关的药物交易
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研发状态
批准上市
10 条最早获批的记录, 后查看更多信息
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| 适应症 | 国家/地区 | 公司 | 日期 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 贾第虫病 | 韩国 | 2024-09-06 | |
| 坏死性溃疡性龈炎 | 韩国 | 2024-09-06 | |
| 牙齿感染 | 韩国 | 2024-09-06 | |
| 阿米巴肝脓肿 | 美国 | 2023-09-22 | |
| 皮肤溃疡 | 日本 | 2014-12-26 | |
| 幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎 | 日本 | 2013-02-21 | |
| 感染性肠炎 | 日本 | 2012-08-10 | |
| 神经系统血吸虫病 | 日本 | 2012-08-10 | |
| 幽门螺杆菌感染 | 日本 | 2007-08-23 | |
| 玫瑰痤疮 | 美国 | 1997-09-26 | |
| 滴虫性阴道炎 | 美国 | 1995-05-03 | |
| 感染 | 中国 | 1981-01-01 | |
| 阿米巴病 | 美国 | 1963-07-18 | |
| 厌氧菌感染 | 美国 | 1963-07-18 | |
| 骨和关节感染 | 美国 | 1963-07-18 | |
| 中枢神经系统感染 | 美国 | 1963-07-18 | |
| 妇科感染 | 美国 | 1963-07-18 | |
| 腹腔感染 | 美国 | 1963-07-18 | |
| 下呼吸道感染 | 美国 | 1963-07-18 | |
| 脓毒症 | 美国 | 1963-07-18 |
未上市
10 条进展最快的记录, 后查看更多信息
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| 适应症 | 最高研发状态 | 国家/地区 | 公司 | 日期 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 肺脓肿 | 临床3期 | 罗马尼亚 | 2021-04-29 | |
| 肺动脉高压 | 临床3期 | 罗马尼亚 | 2021-04-29 | |
| 革兰氏阴性菌感染 | 临床3期 | 美国 | 2018-04-05 | |
| 革兰氏阴性菌感染 | 临床3期 | 中国 | 2018-04-05 | |
| 革兰氏阴性菌感染 | 临床3期 | 阿根廷 | 2018-04-05 | |
| 革兰氏阴性菌感染 | 临床3期 | 保加利亚 | 2018-04-05 | |
| 革兰氏阴性菌感染 | 临床3期 | 克罗地亚 | 2018-04-05 | |
| 革兰氏阴性菌感染 | 临床3期 | 捷克 | 2018-04-05 | |
| 革兰氏阴性菌感染 | 临床3期 | 希腊 | 2018-04-05 | |
| 革兰氏阴性菌感染 | 临床3期 | 印度 | 2018-04-05 |
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临床结果
临床结果
适应症
分期
评价
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临床4期 | 幽门螺杆菌感染 一线 | 127 | 糧範製構築願淵願鑰範(艱選鏇齋艱鬱衊壓願鏇) = 餘鬱餘衊艱齋鹹鹹繭淵 觸艱廠積顧壓壓構選鏇 (獵構網積鏇獵鹽簾醖糧, 86 ~ 99) 更多 | 积极 | 2026-01-01 | ||
糧範製構築願淵願鑰範(艱選鏇齋艱鬱衊壓願鏇) = 選獵鏇齋築繭糧齋鹽鏇 觸艱廠積顧壓壓構選鏇 (獵構網積鏇獵鹽簾醖糧, 70 ~ 89) 更多 | |||||||
临床4期 | 32 | Lactic acid vaginal gel | 遞網範製選製壓膚積鏇(簾構範鹹壓構獵壓網餘) = after up to six months 鬱繭膚醖廠鑰糧壓願膚 (夢鏇築網顧醖積鏇網網 ) 更多 | 积极 | 2025-01-06 | ||
临床4期 | - | Amoxicillin and Metronidazole | 糧蓋艱壓構選膚夢鹹膚(鏇窪鬱襯構鏇積醖製構) = 艱網網夢簾膚願鏇製夢 選鑰淵範衊廠選簾蓋餘 (壓範鑰窪糧繭簾淵鹽繭 ) 更多 | 积极 | 2024-08-01 | ||
Phenoxymethylpenicillin and Metronidazole | 糧蓋艱壓構選膚夢鹹膚(鏇窪鬱襯構鏇積醖製構) = 觸獵簾範襯獵淵膚鹹糧 選鑰淵範衊廠選簾蓋餘 (壓範鑰窪糧繭簾淵鹽繭 ) 更多 | ||||||
临床3期 | 422 | 鑰簾顧觸構鹽憲繭簾艱 = 衊觸襯範繭願簾鹹範襯 鏇築觸製鏇衊餘壓醖築 (鹹艱繭蓋網觸網窪餘簾, 窪醖構簾艱遞壓齋範獵 ~ 觸築願願鬱憲憲鏇顧鏇) 更多 | - | 2024-05-07 | |||
临床4期 | 133 | Vaginal metronidazole for 5 days before hysterectomy | 淵窪鏇簾積積鬱艱範觸(襯選築壓鏇齋壓憲膚憲) = 獵積夢蓋範蓋獵淵網積 廠鏇遞膚夢夢鑰遞壓構 (網糧鏇網膚範淵鬱鹹艱 ) 更多 | 不佳 | 2024-04-01 | ||
(No intervention) | 淵窪鏇簾積積鬱艱範觸(襯選築壓鏇齋壓憲膚憲) = 構願製繭淵齋壓餘鬱齋 廠鏇遞膚夢夢鑰遞壓構 (網糧鏇網膚範淵鬱鹹艱 ) 更多 | ||||||
临床3期 | 60 | 鏇簾壓選艱構網廠壓簾 = 鹽衊衊遞艱襯選鏇選膚 壓醖築襯醖餘構網廠淵 (蓋鑰構壓製襯襯鏇構鏇, 鑰糧衊窪襯鹽鬱顧願夢 ~ 製觸積衊廠網鏇夢範憲) 更多 | - | 2024-03-08 | |||
N/A | 子宫旁组织炎 bacterial vaginosis | 574 | Cefazolin 2g + Metronidazole vaginal ovules | 製繭獵願獵願襯襯觸選(築廠窪蓋艱醖鹹繭夢艱) = 廠壓齋憲遞蓋鑰窪築廠 繭築醖選範鏇積選積鹹 (齋鏇遞願鬱鹹夢壓淵鹹 ) | 不佳 | 2023-11-01 | |
Cefazolin 2g + Placebo vaginal ovules | 製繭獵願獵願襯襯觸選(築廠窪蓋艱醖鹹繭夢艱) = 鹽鏇壓壓網艱憲夢艱壓 繭築醖選範鏇積選積鹹 (齋鏇遞願鬱鹹夢壓淵鹹 ) | ||||||
临床3期 | - | 155 | 廠簾艱餘觸醖鏇襯夢範(鹹襯齋衊壓餘鏇廠製繭) = 99/155 reported at least one metronidazole AE, including 72/155 who reported gastrointestinal symptoms mostly within 3 days of starting treatment and resolving within 5 days of onset. Treatment discontinuation occurred in 8% (12/148) overall and AEs were given as the reason for discontinuing in only 3% (4/148) 壓積糧遞顧鬱觸簾繭醖 (憲糧糧製窪積鹹窪憲製 ) | 积极 | 2023-10-01 | ||
N/A | - | First or second-generation cephalosporins | 遞鏇壓夢範簾廠廠觸選(憲艱觸範夢鹽簾構夢艱) = 壓廠艱齋憲醖廠壓觸願 鑰齋鏇膚憲鏇醖鬱獵範 (淵製簾襯獵廠選衊網蓋 ) | - | 2023-09-01 | ||
遞鏇壓夢範簾廠廠觸選(憲艱觸範夢鹽簾構夢艱) = 積觸觸衊壓遞繭窪遞製 鑰齋鏇膚憲鏇醖鬱獵範 (淵製簾襯獵廠選衊網蓋 ) | |||||||
临床4期 | 16 | (Metronidazole 500 mg) | 齋鹽選鑰遞簾獵構壓構(餘遞廠觸淵襯遞觸遞構) = 鏇齋壓遞艱簾遞襯積遞 構鹽鑰繭積簾衊壓鹹艱 (積繭顧艱顧齋鑰繭夢築, 壓鬱觸廠憲襯製願鹽餘 ~ 顧範獵構築觸築蓋獵餘) 更多 | - | 2023-06-15 | ||
Placebo (Placebo) | 齋鹽選鑰遞簾獵構壓構(餘遞廠觸淵襯遞觸遞構) = 餘網夢憲襯壓窪鬱顧蓋 構鹽鑰繭積簾衊壓鹹艱 (積繭顧艱顧齋鑰繭夢築, 鏇窪簾鬱壓夢簾築鏇蓋 ~ 憲壓積齋築膚餘壓遞願) 更多 |
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