预约演示

更新于：2026-06-20

Amoxicillin Trihydrate

阿莫西林

更新于：2026-06-20

概要

基本信息

简介阿莫西林三水合物是一种小分子药物，属于细胞壁抑制剂类，用作抗生素治疗细菌感染，如支气管炎、肺炎、尿路感染和链球菌性咽喉炎。阿莫西林通过阻止细菌细胞壁的形成来抑制细菌的生长。该药物有多种形式，包括片剂、胶囊和口服混悬液，自 1974 年获得 FDA 批准以来一直以不同的品牌销售。虽然通常是安全的，但有些人可能会出现腹泻、恶心和皮肤病等副作用皮疹。对青霉素过敏的人也可能对阿莫西林产生过敏反应。与任何药物一样，患者应遵循规定的剂量，如果症状持续或恶化，请咨询他们的医疗保健提供者。

药物类型

小分子化药

别名

6-(p-hydroxy-α-aminophenylacetamido)penicillanic acid、AmoxiciIIin、Amoxicilin

+ [56]

靶点

PBPs

作用方式

抑制剂

作用机制

PBPs抑制剂(细菌青霉素结合蛋白家族抑制剂)

治疗领域

在研适应症

非在研适应症

原研机构

在研机构

Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.

Sandoz Pty Ltd.

LTL Pharma Co., Ltd.

+ [3]

非在研机构

GSK Plc

Pragma Pharmaceuticals LLC

权益机构-

最高研发阶段批准上市

首次获批日期

美国 (1974-01-18),

扁桃体炎

最高研发阶段(中国)批准上市

特殊审评-

登录后查看时间轴

结构/序列

分子式C16H25N3O8S

InChIKeyMQXQVCLAUDMCEF-CWLIKTDRSA-N

CAS号61336-70-7

关联

1,007

项与阿莫西林相关的临床试验

NCT07485010

/ Not yet recruiting临床2期IIT

A Multi-centre, Randomised Trial Comparing a Novel Combination Treatment (Arm D - Intravenous Sulbactam-durlobactam in Combination With Intravenous Ceftriaxone, Oral Amoxicillin, Oral Azithromycin and Oral Clofazimine) Versus Standard of Care Treatments for the Intensive Phase of Treatment for Mycobacterium Abscessus Pulmonary Disease in People With or Without Cystic Fibrosis in the Finding the Optimal Regimen for Mycobacterium Abscessus Treatment (FORMaT) Adaptive Platform Trial

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if a new combination antibiotic treatment (Arm D) works to treat a rare lung condition called mycobacterium abscessus pulmonary disease in people of any age and sex, when compared to the standard treatments. It will also learn about the safety of this new combination antibiotic treatment when compared to the standard treatments. The main questions it aims to answer are:
* How well does Arm D treat mycobacterium abscessus pulmonary disease?
* What side effects does Arm D cause when used to treat mycobacterium abscessus pulmonary disease? Researchers will compare Arm D to the current standard of care treatments to see if Arm D treats mycobacterium abscessus pulmonary disease better and if it will cause less side effects.
Participants will:
* Be screened and recruited to the FORMaT adaptive platform trial (NCT04310930)
* Be given Arm D for 4 weeks or standard of care treatments for 6 weeks.
* Be reviewed by the study doctors weekly for checkups and tests.
* Provide respiratory samples (sample coughed up from the chest), respond to quality-of-life questionnaires, have CT lung scans and blood tests.

开始日期2027-04-01

申办/合作机构

The University of Queensland

[+1]

NCT07457385

/ Not yet recruiting临床4期IIT

Congenital Syphilis Treatment Trial (CONSISTENT): Phase IV, Open-label, Randomized Controlled Trial of Amoxicillin vs. Benzathine in Neonates With Possible Congenital Syphilis

The Investigator hypothesize that the treatment efficacy will be similar in both study arms. Secondary outcomes and endpoints will characterize safety by comparing adverse events (AEs), tolerability, and adherence to therapy in each arm.
This is a Phase 4, open-label, multicenter trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of a single injected dose of intramuscular (IM) BPG (Arm 1) compared to oral amoxicillin administered twice daily (BID) for 10 days (Arm 2). The study will involve infants aged ≤ 30 days old with suspected untreated syphilis. The trial will be conducted at 12 sites across the U.S., enrolling approximately 374 participants.
Upon randomization, participants will undergo baseline study sample collection (blood, oropharyngeal, and nasal mucosal swabs for PCR testing) and then receive either treatment with oral amoxicillin or IM BPG, both with directly observed therapy. The participant enrolled in the optional pharmacokinetic (PK) sub-study will have additional blood samples collected for PK analysis within the first 24-48 hours after treatment. Participants will be discharged from the hospital following routine procedures, with the oral amoxicillin dosing continued at home (BID) by the caregiver.

开始日期2026-11-01

申办/合作机构

The University of Alabama at Birmingham

[+1]

NCT07275580

/ Not yet recruiting临床4期IIT

Effectiveness of Short-Course Antibiotic Prophylaxis After Simple Tooth Extraction in Immunosuppressed Patients With Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial aims to evaluate whether single-dose amoxicillin prophylaxis administered prior to simple tooth extraction reduces postoperative infection rates in immunosuppressed patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs).
Although antibiotic prophylaxis is not recommended for healthy individuals undergoing simple extractions, immunosuppressed ARD patients frequently receive antibiotics despite limited evidence supporting this practice.
Secondary objectives include assessing infection severity, postoperative complications, and the impact of ARD diagnosis and immunosuppressive treatment on infection risk.

开始日期2026-06-01

申办/合作机构

University of Sao Paulo General Hospital

[+1]

100 项与阿莫西林相关的临床结果

登录后查看更多信息

100 项与阿莫西林相关的转化医学

登录后查看更多信息

100 项与阿莫西林相关的专利（医药）

登录后查看更多信息

33,073

项与阿莫西林相关的文献（医药）

2026-11-01·Biomaterials advances

An injectable, rapidly photo-crosslinkable hybrid hydrogel with temporally coordinated release and attenuation of inflammatory activation for potential extraction socket management

Article

作者: Huang, Xiaojing ; Huang, Yan ; Lei, Huaxiang ; Zhang, Shujun ; Wang, Xiuqing ; Wang, Yumin ; Li, Luhui ; Huang, Jing ; Zeng, Yu ; Chen, Yuemin ; Wu, Jingxuan

Tooth extraction sockets represent a particularly demanding wound environment, characterized by spatial confinement, high moisture, continuous mechanical disturbance, and exposure to a dense oral microbiota. Effective healing requires localized therapeutic strategies that can be stably retained at the wound site while delivering stage-specific interventions in a temporally coordinated manner. In this study, we developed an injectable Pluronic F127 diacrylate (PF127DA)/methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) hybrid hydrogel as a locally retained and clinically practical therapeutic platform for potential extraction socket management. The hydrogel exhibits favorable injectability, rapid photo-induced gelation within 3 s, robust tissue stability, tissue adhesion, and controllable degradation, enabling stable localization within extraction sockets. As a multifunctional carrier, it supports the temporally coordinated release of amoxicillin, ropivacaine, and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), providing early antibacterial protection, sustained local analgesia, and prolonged pro-regenerative factor availability in accordance with wound healing progression. In vitro studies demonstrated that the hydrogel system exhibited effective antibacterial activity and a sustained ropivacaine release profile. Importantly, the hydrogel system also showed attenuation of excessive pro-inflammatory activation together with a modest shift toward repair-associated macrophage features. Overall, this study presents a material-mediated strategy that integrates robust tissue stability, temporally coordinated multi-drug delivery, and inflammatory attenuation within a single injectable hydrogel platform, offering a potential approach for the localized management of extraction sockets and other clinically challenging wounds.

2026-10-01·TISSUE & CELL

Vitamin D3 in synergy with triple therapy to eradicate Helicobacter pylori infection in mice via the c-Raf/MEK/ERK pathway

Article

作者: Xin, Yi ; Zhao, Shuai ; Wang, Wenxiao ; Shan, Chengyan ; Zhong, Yaoyao ; Wan, Daihong

BACKGROUND:

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a primary pathogen associated with gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. Current eradication therapies are increasingly compromised by antibiotic resistance. Vitamin D₃ (VD₃) has shown potential as an adjunct therapy, yet its underlying mechanism remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE:

This study evaluated the efficacy of VD₃ combined with triple therapy on H. pylori eradication in mice, assessing pathological changes, infection and inflammation levels and epithelial cell death; furthermore, it explored the mechanism of the synergistic effect.

METHODS:

An in vivo model was inoculated with H. pylori to establish in mice. After four weeks, mice were treated with VD₃, triple therapy, quadruple therapy (omeprazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin and bismuth potassium citrate), or their combinations for another four weeks. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining, quantitative real-time PCR, colony formation, immunoblotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), TUNEL staining, and caspase activity assays were used to evaluate the effect of VD₃.

RESULTS:

Compared to triple therapy alone, the combination of VD₃ and triple therapy reduced gastritis severity, H. pylori 16S rDNA expression, and bacterial colony counts in infected mice. It also decreased mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, reduced gastric epithelial cell apoptosis, and suppressed caspase-3/6/9 activities. VD₃ treatment further enhanced c-Raf, MEK, and ERK phosphorylation in gastric tissues. Importantly, the ERK inhibitor U0126 abrogated the therapeutic benefits of VD₃ combined with triple therapy, leading to increased gastritis severity, H. pylori 16S rDNA expression, bacterial colony counts, and caspase activity.

CONCLUSION:

Vitamin D3 synergizes with triple therapy to eradicate H. pylori infection by exhibiting antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective effects through regulation of the c-Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway.

2026-09-01·Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy

Feasibility, fidelity and initial effects of an app-based service for short-term antibiotic therapy: A pilot study in a primary care setting

Article

作者: Sutter, Vanessa ; Arnet, Isabelle ; Messner, Kirstin ; Allemann, Samuel

Background:

Short-term antibiotic treatments show medication non-adherence rates around 40%, limiting therapy success and increasing risk for recurring infections. Smartphone applications offer simple solutions to support patients' medication adherence.

Objective:

To evaluate service and trial feasibility of a smartphone-based adherence support delivered by community pharmacists and to explore initial effects.

Methods:

We conducted a cluster-randomized pilot trial. Community pharmacies recruited eligible patients with newly prescribed amoxicillin/clavulanic acid therapy when dispensing the prescription. Participants used an app to confirm medication intakes. The intervention group received intake reminders and text messages. We evaluated feasibility and fidelity based on data quality, participant satisfaction, and extent to which service activities were delivered as planned. For exploratory analyses, we used the Mann-Whitney U test, and calculated effect sizes.

Results:

Fifty-seven community pharmacies and 34 patients participated in the study (17 per group). Twenty-nine participants (85%) fully completed the study. Twenty-one participants (62%) used and returned the symptom diary. For 30 participants (88%), the app was installed correctly and twenty-five (83%) participants consistently used the app. We observed small, non-significant effects for taking adherence (r = 0.158) and timing adherence (r = 0.147), and small-medium (r = 0.294) for dosing adherence.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated feasibility and fidelity of a smartphone-based therapy support in the community pharmacy setting. Trends suggest a potential improvement in adherence rates through smartphone reminders and text messages. These findings highlight the need for a fully powered trial.

1,083

项与阿莫西林相关的新闻（医药）

2026-06-19

·生物通

综述：基于纳米颗粒的策略对抗多重耐药菌：机制、应用与未来展望

感染性疾病仍是全球范围内发病与死亡的首要诱因，抗菌素耐药性（AMR）的快速涌现进一步加剧了这一公共卫生危机。传统抗生素的失效与新药物研发的停滞，迫使学界亟需探索新型治疗手段。本综述通过检索多个数据库，系统评估了纳米技术——即所谓“纳米抗生素（nanobiotics）”作为变革性技术在对抗多重耐药（MDR）菌领域的应用潜力。纳米颗粒（NPs）凭借其独特的理化特性，如高比表面积与多价作用能力，能够突破外排泵、靶点修饰等传统耐药机制。本文深入探讨了关键的抗菌作用路径，包括通过产生活性氧（ROS）诱导氧化应激、物理破坏细菌细胞膜结构，以及靶向DNA、蛋白质等胞内大分子。此外，研究重点阐述了纳米颗粒与传统抗生素的协同效应，这种联合策略不仅能提升药物递送效率与治疗功效，还可降低宿主毒性。尽管银、金、金属氧化物及碳基结构等多种纳米材料展现出巨大前景，但其长期生物相容性、环境影响与监管合规性问题仍待解决。未来，纳米技术与精准医疗、CRISPR基因编辑系统的结合，有望为感染性疾病防控提供新范式。综上，纳米医学为弥补现有疗法缺陷、保障全球公共卫生未来提供了综合性解决方案。1 引言当代医学的进步很大程度上归功于抗生素的应用，其彻底改变了细菌性疾病的诊疗模式。然而既往抗生素的滥用与泛用，导致具备抗菌素耐药性（AMR）的有害微生物快速增殖，部分菌株已对传统治疗无响应。与此同时，新抗生素的发现速度远未跟上耐药菌涌现的步伐。2019年全球204个国家和地区的数据显示，耐药微生物共导致495万死亡，其中127万直接归因于AMR。随着COVID-19大流行期间病毒感染患者为预防继发感染而广泛使用抗生素，这一趋势预计将进一步恶化。为应对AMR，创新手段势在必行，纳米技术为此提供了新的契机。纳米颗粒的抗菌特性独特，可绕过细菌的经典防御机制。得益于多价性与纳米尺度的分子限域效应，纳米颗粒具有高比表面积带来的强相互作用优势，使其成为极具潜力的治疗剂。有机纳米颗粒、金属氧化物、金属纳米颗粒及纳米复合材料均表现出强效抗菌活性，可有效控制表面感染与传染性疾病。由于化学组成与固有特性的差异，各类“纳米抗生素”通过不同机制作用于靶细菌。微生物对特定纳米材料的敏感性在其生理周期（包括浮游态、生物膜态、稳定期、营养匮乏期和对数生长期）中存在显著差异，且氧浓度、pH值、温度等因素均会影响纳米材料的抗菌效力。纳米抗生素的这些特性有助于开发能够精准高效靶向细菌系统的新型治疗策略。本研究系统评估了AMR现状，全面回顾了针对AMR的新型纳米技术，重点阐释了纳米抗生素的作用机制，同时探讨了功能性纳米颗粒作为药物的潜力及相关开发难题。 1.1 检索策略与筛选标准为获取纳米颗粒应对AMR的相关研究，本研究进行了全面的文献检索，覆盖PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science及Google Scholar等主要电子数据库，检索时间跨度从2000年至2025年初，涵盖基础机制研究与临床试验及纳米技术最新进展。检索采用布尔运算符组合关键词：（“nanoparticles” OR “nanobiotics”）AND（“multi-drug resistance” OR “MDR”）AND（“antibiotics” OR “biofilm”）AND（“mechanisms” OR “targeted delivery”）。 1.2 纳入与排除标准 1.2.1 纳入标准纳入同行评审期刊发表的关于纳米材料抗菌或抗真菌特性的原创研究、系统评价或荟萃分析；详细阐述特定作用机制的实验，包括活性氧（ROS）生成、细胞壁破坏或胞内大分子靶向；涉及纳米颗粒干预感染性疾病的临床试验；探究纳米颗粒与传统抗菌剂联用协同效应的研究。 1.2.2 排除标准排除非致病微生物或环境修复相关且与人类健康无关的研究；未明确描述所用纳米材料理化特性（如尺寸、电荷）的研究；未经过同行评审的摘要、灰色文献或非英文文献。数据提取与合成围绕AMR的医疗负担、不同金属/有机/碳基纳米平台的效能，以及阻碍广泛临床应用的安全性与监管限制展开。 2 抗菌素耐药性的涌现 AMR已成为重大全球健康问题，这源于微生物（尤其是细菌）适应抗菌剂选择压力的卓越能力。耐药机制多样，包括抗生素靶点修饰、药物主动外排、药物摄入减少及酶解破坏。靶点修饰指细菌发生遗传改变从而降低抗生素敏感性；某些细菌可产生灭活抗生素的酶；水平基因转移则借助质粒等可移动遗传元件实现耐药基因在细菌间的传播；细菌还可通过外排泵将抗生素主动排出胞外。细胞壁或外膜通透性的改变会减少抗生素渗透，而生物膜的形成则为微生物提供了保护性微环境，使治疗更加困难。细菌耐药性的发展是一个多因素过程：初始阶段，抗菌药物治疗会杀灭敏感性较差的菌株，少量耐药变异株存活并增殖。抗菌药物的选择压力使得耐药株在微生物种群中的占比逐渐增加，而耐药特性的传播则是另一关键因素，耐药基因可从致病菌传递给邻近细菌。自然选择、水平基因转移与基因突变共同作用，使得细菌能够快速产生并扩散耐药机制。与此同时，制药业抗生素研发投入回报递减，新疗法产出不足，进一步加剧了AMR危机。 3 抗菌素耐药性的医疗负担 AMR对公共卫生、医疗系统及经济产生了深远且实质性的影响。AMR正在削弱传统医学疗法的有效性，增加了器官移植、化疗及手术等医疗操作的风险。随着耐药现象在全球蔓延，这一问题日益紧迫。免疫功能低下人群（如癌症、SARS-CoV-2或HIV感染者）免疫系统受损，治疗选择有限，尤其易受AMR威胁。 4 应对AMR亟需探索新型有效干预措施开发对抗AMR的创新策略是当前亟待解决的紧急议题。世界卫生组织（WHO）已将AMR列为全球健康的重大威胁。若当前趋势持续，传统疗法将面临风险，常见疾病可能变得无药可治。应对AMR需要多维度的综合方案，包括医疗机构抗菌药物管理计划、CRISPR-Cas基因编辑、噬菌体疗法，以及利用益生菌和微生物组调控增强天然防御。克服耐药性还需开发新型免疫疗法、利用纳米技术实现精准给药，以及整合多种治疗模式。针对耐药菌感染的疫苗接种应被优先考虑，抗菌肽与精油等策略也值得探索。可持续且有效地应对AMR离不开公众教育、“全健康（One Health）”框架及全球监测。纳米医学为阻断耐药病毒与细菌的传播提供了创新途径，特别是用于靶向递送药物至特定器官的纳米颗粒研发。靶向给药通过将治疗局限于病灶区域，降低了微生物产生耐药性的概率。纳米技术有望彻底改变传染病防治格局并提升治疗效果，因此评估该技术如何改善医疗服务至关重要。本文将探讨该领域的现状及其在对抗AMR与维护全球健康中的潜在贡献。 4.1 通过破坏细胞膜结构导致裂解细菌细胞壁进化出了物理防御机制以抵抗抗菌剂。革兰阳性菌的磷壁酸和革兰阴性菌的脂多糖分别携带磷酸基或羧基，使细菌表面带负电。这种高度极性的环境阻碍了疏水性抗菌剂的跨膜运输。纳米颗粒通过静电吸附于细胞壁，引发膜去极化、通透性降低及流动性下降，最终导致能量传递障碍与细胞死亡。纳米颗粒聚集可在细菌细胞壁上形成“凹坑”，进而穿透细胞、改变膜结构并杀灭细菌。带正电的纳米颗粒离子可与细菌表面的羧基或磷酸基团等负电荷相互作用，增强杀菌活性。由于革兰阳性菌具有致密的肽聚糖层，纳米颗粒通常难以穿透其细胞，多作用于细菌表面。常见的抗菌金属及氧化物包括银、金、铜、硅、镍、硒，以及氧化锌、二氧化钛、氧化铜、氧化镁和二氧化硅。有机纳米颗粒虽比无机颗粒具有更大的比表面积体积比，但生物相容性与生物降解性往往较差。无机纳米颗粒的细胞毒性呈剂量依赖性，并受尺寸与电荷影响。碳纳米管因其化学、物理及生物学特性，在药物递送方面潜力巨大。介孔二氧化硅纳米载体则凭借坚固的多孔结构与巨大的比表面积，能够负载大量抗菌剂。 4.2 通过活性氧（ROS）诱导氧化应激活性氧由氧化代谢产生，调控生长、存活与凋亡，且具有更高的氧化还原电位，包括羟基自由基（OH）、超氧阴离子（O2-）、单线态氧（O2）和过氧化氢（H2O2）。不同纳米颗粒产生的活性氧种类各异，抗菌能力也不同。例如氧化镁（MgO）和氧化锌（ZnO）纳米颗粒主要产生活性氧，而银（Ag）和铜（Cu）纳米颗粒可产生多种活性氧。在正常环境中，活性氧的生成与清除处于平衡状态。但在极端胁迫条件下，ROS生成量激增，会损伤微生物并破坏细胞膜完整性。氧化应激下，ROS会损伤胞内大分子，导致脂质过氧化、蛋白变性、酶抑制、电子传递链中断及RNA或DNA损伤。银（Ag）、铜（Cu）、氧化锌（ZnO）、二氧化钛（TiO2）及铁纳米颗粒（Fe NPs）等均能通过产生活性氧发挥强效抗菌作用。 4.3 靶向胞内大分子（DNA、RNA、蛋白质）细菌的存活依赖于胞内信号网络与稳态。通过改造纳米材料以阻断特定通路可导致细胞死亡，例如干扰基因表达、造成DNA损伤或抑制蛋白质合成。典型例子是嘧啶封端的金纳米颗粒（Au-DAPT），其通过将大肠杆菌中存在的2-嘧啶硫醇衍生物（DAPT）整合到金纳米颗粒上合成，能够抑制耐药微生物（如铜绿假单胞菌和大肠杆菌）的增殖。 4.4 降解生物膜结构纳米颗粒凭借优异的穿透能力可破坏生物膜。在穿透生物膜的胞外多糖基质后，它们能与内部的细菌发生杀菌作用。纳米颗粒的电荷对其与生物膜的相互作用及穿透效率有显著影响，例如阳离子纳米颗粒因带正电而与带负电的生物膜基质发生强相互作用。 5 纳米抗生素的协同效应通过包覆或与其他物质复合，可显著提升纳米颗粒的效能。纳米颗粒与抗生素联用能有效降低细菌耐药性。无论是与纳米颗粒结合还是被包裹其中，抗生素都能免受原本可降解它们的酶和化学物质的破坏，从而增强治疗效力，同时降低给药剂量有助于提升疗效并减少宿主风险。通过激活不同机制及控制药物释放，纳米载体能帮助抗生素穿透细菌细胞膜，避免细菌暴露于亚抑菌浓度的药物下，从而减少耐药选择。抗生素对细胞膜的破坏也显著促进了纳米颗粒及其复合物的细胞内摄入。研究显示，阿莫西林与银纳米颗粒联用可显著抑制细菌生长；银纳米颗粒-氨苄西林组合对葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和克雷伯菌的效果更佳。将庆大霉素封装在聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物（PLGA）纳米颗粒中，对铜绿假单胞菌的体内外抑制效果均优于单独使用阿莫西林。将氨苄西林偶联到金纳米颗粒和银纳米颗粒表面，可制备出能绕过铜绿假单胞菌、产气肠杆菌和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）耐药机制的广谱杀菌剂。核壳结构的利奈唑胺与双金属纳米颗粒联用对所有受试菌种（包括MRSA）均表现出强效杀菌活性，而多粘菌素与纳米颗粒结合则增强了对耐药大肠杆菌的疗效。此外，海藻酸盐纳米颗粒与多胺、乳酸及精油成分联用也可有效抑制大肠杆菌。 6 作为抗菌剂的金属纳米材料大量研究证实纳米颗粒可改变微生物的形态与结构，使其丧失生存能力。纳米颗粒通过黏附并穿透细菌细胞壁或膜，引发膜通透性结构性破坏从而导致细胞死亡。纳米材料的尺寸以纳米衡量，其在关键理化性质上与块体材料存在显著差异，这些特性决定了其抗菌效力、药物转运能力及毒性。1至100 nm的纳米颗粒可与细胞内的DNA、蛋白质及脂质膜等多种生物分子相互作用，进而损伤细菌DNA与细胞膜。研究表明，尺寸在1至100 nm之间的银纳米颗粒（Ag NPs）对革兰阴性菌的杀菌效力更强，这归因于其能与细菌细胞紧密接触并克服生物屏障，同时也影响了其药代动力学特征。 7 银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）对抗AMR菌银纳米颗粒是目前商业化程度最高的纳米颗粒之一，有望成为一类具有强效抗菌特性的新型药物。相比其他纳米颗粒，其安全性更高，相关研究进展迅速。银纳米颗粒通过黏附并穿透细菌细胞膜导致细菌损伤，释放的Ag+离子会引发活性氧生成与氧化应激，影响钠/钾ATP酶泵等多种信号通路。Ag+离子及银纳米颗粒可与含磷的DNA相互作用，使蛋白质失活并杀灭细菌。研究发现，氧、硫、氯与巯基的相互作用会显著影响Ag+离子的释放，而尺寸是决定Ag+离子释放量的关键因素。银纳米颗粒的小尺寸使其能够快速进入细胞，通过改变形态与组成增加膜通透性，最终导致细胞死亡。这种作用效果因细菌种类而异，主要归因于细胞壁结构、厚度及成分的差异。活性氧生成、细胞壁与质膜破坏共同赋予了银纳米颗粒独特的抗菌性能。 8 金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）的抗菌应用金纳米颗粒已引起学术界广泛关注，其形状多样，包括球形、三角形、六边形及棒状。研究表明，三角形金纳米颗粒对多种微生物的抗菌效力优于球形颗粒。金纳米颗粒可改变膜电位并降低ATP合酶活性，影响细菌代谢，同时像银纳米颗粒一样威胁细胞膜的稳定与结构完整。金纳米颗粒能抑制核糖体RNA与其亚基的结合，阻碍蛋白质翻译，且可与含磷或含硫的核苷酸结合。当金纳米颗粒与抗生素结合时，往往能增强抗生素的强效抗菌效果。研究显示，金纳米颗粒与氨苄西林联用对耐氨苄西林的大肠杆菌、产气肠杆菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌及铜绿假单胞菌均有良好效果。该组合能催化跨膜泵功能，阻断并扰乱药物外排，还能有效中和细菌产生的大量β-内酰胺酶。 9 一氧化氮（NO）递送纳米平台对抗AMR 一氧化氮释放纳米颗粒（NONPs）对多种敏感及耐药菌（包括粪肠球菌、大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、化脓性链球菌和铜绿假单胞菌）均有显著的抑制生长作用。一氧化氮作为一种气体，具有亲水性、亲脂性及氧不稳定性。一氧化氮通过产生活性氮和活性氧杀灭微生物并造成细胞损伤，这是一氧化氮与超氧化物或氧气反应的产物。当一氧化氮浓度高于1 μM时，会产生具有生理意义的反应中间体，包括过氧亚硝酸盐、二氧化氮、铁-亚硝酰复合物和S-亚硝基硫醇（RSNO）等活性氮物种（RNOS）。研究发现，一氧化氮通过二氧化氮和过氧亚硝酸盐降解脂质，过氧亚硝酸盐诱导的脂质过氧化可增强一氧化氮的抗菌特性。蛋白质中的反应性巯基、血红素基团、芳香族或酚类氨基酸、胺和酪氨酸残基均可与一氧化氮发生反应。研究证实，一氧化氮自由基可使乌头酸酶、NADH脱氢酶和琥珀酸脱氢酶失活，表明其可直接从金属酶中释放铁，诱发铁缺乏。当活性氮物种（RNS）使一氧化氮自氧化时，会产生亚硝化中间体，导致胞嘧啶、腺嘌呤和鸟嘌呤脱氨基，从而造成DNA损伤。其中二氧化氮和过氧亚硝酸盐是作用最强的DNA调节因子和破坏者。DNA烷基转移酶中的半胱氨酸残基因含有-SH基团，可与一氧化氮形成NO-S加合物，阻止蛋白质获取鸟嘌呤烷基基团，进而抑制其功能。一氧化氮还会阻碍DNA修复酶对烷基化DNA的修复，使其无法修复。原核生物比人类细胞更依赖铁硫簇，因此对一氧化氮处理更为敏感。 10 铜及氧化铜介导的抗菌纳米策略研究证实了铜及其氧化物纳米颗粒（CuNPs或CuONPs）的抗菌特性。纳米颗粒的负电荷与其抗菌特性相关，Cu2+离子可绕过脂质双层进入细胞，迅速释放活性氧，进而引发脂质氧化和蛋白质氧化。铜的抗菌性能在其氧化态从+1转变为+2时尤为明显，且与氨基酸复合可显著影响氧化铜纳米颗粒的抗菌效力。 11 氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnONPs）基抗菌系统氧化锌纳米颗粒具有优异的抗菌特性。研究发现，氧化锌纳米颗粒的表面涂层会阻碍其与生物流体的相互作用，例如聚乙二醇（PEG）修饰的氧化锌纳米颗粒易与乳酸和柠檬酸发生聚集。未包覆的氧化锌纳米颗粒与细菌细胞接触后，会破坏细胞膜并释放锌离子，锌离子与多种胞内组分相互作用，加剧细胞损伤，并可促进活性氧的生成。研究显示，硫代氨基脲和谷氨酸功能化的氧化锌纳米颗粒可影响多种耐药金黄色葡萄球菌菌株中外排泵基因的表达。 12 二氧化钛纳米颗粒（TiO2NPs）二氧化钛纳米颗粒通过产生活性氧，破坏氧化磷酸化过程与细胞膜结构。它不仅能抑制辅酶非依赖的呼吸网络与信号通路，还会阻碍铁和磷的吸收与转运，同时减少血红素的合成与降解。此外，其还具有光依赖性，能产生自由基，并破坏肽聚糖、脂多糖和磷脂双分子层。 13 氧化镁纳米颗粒（MgONPs）基抗菌系统氧化镁纳米颗粒产生的活性氧被认为会导致严重的细胞损伤。研究表明，氧化镁纳米颗粒可破坏大肠杆菌细胞膜，抑制表皮葡萄球菌生物膜的形成，其抑制细菌生长的机制可能涉及群体感应调控、活性氧生成或钙离子（Ca2+）浓度调节。氧化镁纳米颗粒黏附于细胞膜会损害其完整性，导致胞内成分泄漏。利用母菊提取物合成的氧化镁和氧化锰纳米颗粒可穿透细胞并破坏膜结构，致使细胞质外流。研究指出，氧化镁纳米颗粒通过释放Mg2+离子、与细胞膜相互作用及改变pH值发挥抗菌作用。 14 工程化氧化铁纳米结构（Fe3O4NPs）研究表明，氧化铁纳米颗粒可减少微生物细胞膜上的H+外排，显著降低与ATP相关的代谢活动。此外，也有大量研究考察了氧化铁纳米颗粒（Fe2O3NPs）和生物合成铁纳米颗粒（Fe NPs）的抗菌性能，以及氧化钙纳米颗粒的抗菌潜力。 15 树枝状聚合物作为抗菌纳米载体树枝状聚合物是一类高度支化的树状大分子，依据其基础结构和表面特性可分为多种类型，具有多样的生物活性。聚酰胺胺（PAMAM）树枝状聚合物因其包封和偶联药物的能力及结构均一性，成为研究热点。阳离子和高代PAMAM树枝状聚合物的免疫原性和细胞毒性高于阴离子或中性PAMAM树枝状聚合物，因此在医用设计中需谨慎考虑其毒性及末端基团化学的影响。硅基树枝状聚合物（Carbosilane）相比阳离子PAMAM树枝状聚合物具有更低的免疫原性和毒性，更适合生物应用。肽类树枝状聚合物设计上确保了最低的免疫反应性和高生物相容性，同时保留了多功能特性，是基因转染和抗菌应用的理想选择。作为药物载体，树枝状聚合物最早的应用之一就是递送抗菌药物，早期研究已显示其能靶向释放药物并对耐药微生物起效。树枝状聚合物125个表面官能团决定了其生物活性，包括膜穿透和药物递送。虽然中性或阴离子末端基团可降低细胞毒性和免疫原性，但阳离子树枝状聚合物可能通过静电作用破坏细胞膜导致细胞死亡。尽管潜力巨大，树枝状聚合物仍存在局限性，包括细胞毒性（尤其是阳离子型）、免疫原性、随着代数增加通透性降低，以及纯化生产工艺复杂或成本高昂。目前通过对生物源性树枝状聚合物进行表面中和、聚乙二醇化（PEGylation）等改性，以提高溶解度、延长循环时间及安全性。评估树枝状聚合物的分类、生产和功能化，旨在使其诊断或治疗效果更佳、副作用更少、生物相容性更高。树枝状聚合物生产可使难溶性药物更易获得且溶解性更好，且能响应pH和酶水平的颗粒可实现靶向递送，治疗对传统疗法耐药的疾病。但高代树枝状聚合物因过于复杂和有毒，实际应用受限。 16 碳基纳米结构作为抗菌剂具有生物用途和抗菌特性的碳基纳米结构包括石墨烯量子点（GQDs）、富勒烯、碳纳米管（CNTs）、氧化石墨烯（GO）、还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）、碳纳米纤维和碳点（CDs）。石墨烯、氧化石墨烯和碳纳米管可通过自上而下（化学合成或气相沉积）和自下而上（石墨剥离）工艺制备。研究表明，氧化石墨烯和碳纳米管等碳基纳米材料可通过破坏微生物膜和产生活性氧发挥作用，且通过物理和化学功能化可改善其靶向性、载药量和分散性。功能化方式包括杂原子掺杂、生物偶联、非共价相互作用和官能团共价连接。表面化学、粒径和功能化极大影响碳基纳米结构的免疫原性和细胞毒性。近期研究表明，功能化可提高生物相容性、降低免疫原性并定制生物活性。但在许多生物场景中，团聚、尖锐边缘（如GO片层）以及可能诱导细胞毒性或免疫激活的残留催化剂是有害因素。目前已发现多种抗菌机制：当碳纳米管、氧化石墨烯或富勒烯接触细菌细胞壁时，可减缓代谢并杀灭细胞，这包括过量活性氧的产生、干扰能量代谢或DNA活性，以及机械性膜破裂（尤其是氧化石墨烯等二维结构）。碳纳米结构的抗菌特性取决于尺寸和表面电荷。较小的颗粒因更大的比表面积与体积比，与细菌的相互作用更强。带正电的表面可黏附带负电的细菌膜，增加膜破裂风险。研究证实，较小的碳点因改善了膜接触和活性氧生成，杀菌效果更好。碳基纳米平台的抗菌机制多样：富勒烯和氧化石墨烯主要通过膜切割和氧化应激作用；碳点和光诱导过程；原始或功能化碳纳米管和纳米点；以及通常产生活性氧并扰乱代谢的混合复合材料。碳纳米材料的免疫学特征、治疗应用和抗菌活性取决于其种类、尺寸、表面电荷、功能化和杂交情况。氧化石墨烯纳米结构有多种类型，包括纳米片、量子点、纳米带以及与金属纳米颗粒或聚合物基质的混合复合材料。其合成方法包括化学剥离法、Hummers法和电化学法，物理和化学特性（如层数、横向尺寸、氧化程度和缺陷密度）会影响抗菌效率。氧化石墨烯纳米结构还可与金属（如银、镍、铜）、聚合物和蛋白质共轭，并通过非共价吸附和共价接枝进一步功能化。功能化技术提高了氧化石墨烯的生物活性和稳定性，分别影响其治疗潜力、免疫原性、细胞毒性和安全性。使用氧化石墨烯纳米结构的缺点包括固有的尺寸和成分变异、团聚可能性、毒性控制困难以及大规模合成难度大。尺寸（较小的片层可能破坏膜并增加氧化应激）、表面电荷（通常为负但可变）和氧化程度是其重要特征。较大的片层可捕获细菌，具有高缺陷密度的带尖片层可刺穿细菌膜并包裹或困住微生物。将银纳米颗粒、铜纳米颗粒和镍胶体簇添加到氧化石墨烯纳米平台，有助于其对抗细菌和其他耐药病原体。具体的抗菌机制取决于氧化石墨烯基纳米结构，包括从复合物中释放金属离子、捕获和扰乱代谢，或用尖锐纳米片破坏膜。与银纳米颗粒的功能化通过物理和化学过程增强了杀菌活性，而与生物分子或聚合物的杂交则降低了细胞毒性并提高了生物相容性。研究表明，氧化石墨烯可用于对抗肺炎克雷伯菌和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌。其与抗生素和其他纳米颗粒的协同特性使其在纳米复合材料中非常有效。良好的生物相容性和水分散性使其可用于药物递送、伤口敷料和生物膜清除等多种应用。 17 碳纳米管和富勒烯作为抗菌纳米材料每种碳纳米管纳米结构都有其独特的结构和制造工艺。部分碳纳米管为单壁、双壁或多壁。多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）通常具有多个同心石墨烯圆柱体，通过气相沉积、激光辐照去除或电弧蒸发法制备，而单壁碳纳米管（SWCNTs）则使用其他方法制备。共价连接蛋白质、聚合物或药物可改善碳纳米管的效能，提高抗菌效力、溶解度、分散性并降低细胞毒性。针状的碳纳米管具有更好的导电性和结构强度，可穿透细菌细胞膜并通过释放细胞质杀灭细胞。碳基纳米材料（单管或多管）在与金属离子结合时可表现出抗菌特性，这使其成为能够绕过外排泵的潜在抗生素递送机制，同时为生物传感器和药物递送提供关键支持。碳纳米管能够穿越细胞膜，可能破坏多种生物功能。碳纳米管的表面化学、物理性质和功能化程度与其免疫原性和生物活性密切相关。原始碳纳米管尽管具有显著的生物活性，但可能引发细胞毒性和炎症反应；而功能化碳纳米管（尤其是经羧基或氨基修饰的）通常表现出较低的毒性和更高的生物相容性。常见的不良反应包括水肿、氧化应激、生物环境中的聚集以及批次异质性，这源于表面性质和合成方法的差异。其抗菌效力受直径、表面电荷和长度等固有理化性质的显著影响。较小的单壁碳纳米管具有更大的表面积，预计会表现出更强的抗菌特性，因为它们能够穿透细菌包膜并诱导内部细胞成分外流，从而增加与细菌包膜相互作用并破坏它的倾向。碳纳米管的长度也会影响其毒理学特性，较短的管子具有更高的开口端密度，从而增强其抗菌特性，而较长的管子对细菌的伤害往往较小。表面电荷通过降低膜电位、增加细胞黏附性以及调节与带负电的细菌膜的静电相互作用来影响抗菌效果。碳纳米管纳米平台可由药物偶联碳纳米管、金属氧化物功能化碳纳米管、聚合物-碳纳米管复合材料及纯碳纳米管构成。这些平台通过破坏膜、产生活性氧、包裹细菌和阻碍代谢活动发挥作用。由于电子传输和活性氧生成，金属性碳纳米管比半导体性碳纳米管表现出更好的抗菌活性。光激活可增强活性氧在细菌中的产生，从而增强抗生素效应。碳基抗菌纳米结构的范围、有效性和安全性取决于四个因素：碳纳米管类型、合成与功能化、理化性质以及平台材料。氨基功能化富勒烯属于功能化富勒烯的一种。部分富勒烯（如C60（巴克敏斯特富勒烯）和C70）含有金属原子或簇。富勒烯通常通过电弧放电、化学气相沉积或激光烧蚀法制备。添加氨基、羧基或羟基可改变其生物活性、溶解度和配体结合能力。功能化改变了它们的生物相互作用、疏水性、免疫原性、生物相容性以及抗菌和细胞毒性特性。富勒烯及其衍生物在135–137 nm区域存在许多生物限制，药物聚集、表面化学和剂量决定了其细胞毒性或炎症作用。抗菌活性受颗粒尺寸和表面成分的显著影响。小尺寸富勒烯具有更高的表面积，能更好地吸附到细菌膜上并进入细菌细胞作为杀菌剂。阳离子富勒烯衍生物与带负电的革兰阴性菌表面发生静电相互作用，导致细胞膜解体并杀灭细胞。阴离子或中性富勒烯则遵循同样的原理，效果不佳。纯富勒烯在光照下主要对微生物造成氧化、膜、蛋白质和DNA链损伤，并向空气中释放活性氧。在氧化石墨烯C60纳米结构中也观察到了光诱导和抗氧化效应。其复杂的弯曲结构可吸收氧分子，并在光照下释放活性氧，有助于通过氧化应激杀灭细菌。使用亲水或肽连接的富勒烯衍生物的光动力方法可促进膜接触和活性氧生成，靶向多种细菌（包括耐药类型）。尽管存在分子键合，富勒烯纳米颗粒仍具有更强的抗菌作用。这些作用包括降低细菌能量代谢和改善药物渗透。金属、肽和聚合物纳米平台上的富勒烯可提高病原体覆盖率和协同抗菌作用。 18 抗菌纳米颗粒广泛应用面临的挑战尽管智能纳米颗粒可响应光、pH值和细菌酶，但仍面临其他挑战。细胞毒性、氧化应激的可能性以及长期环境累积的模糊性限制了其实际应用。肽负载系统、混合纳米抗生素和基于CRISPR载体的潜在进展也遇到了相当大的挑战，包括生产不稳定、成本高昂、可扩展性有限以及监管支持不足。科学研究的主要目标应当是开发对生物体无毒的生物可降解纳米材料。全面的生物安全性评估、人工智能引导的设计以及公共支持的法律体系，对于这些技术在现实世界中的实施至关重要。纳米颗粒的生物相容性对于其在生物医学中的安全使用至关重要，同时可减轻潜在的负面影响。通过精心的设计和表面改性，可以提高其医疗功效并减少不良反应。 19 未来方向多重耐药菌和其他疾病的兴起导致对抗菌纳米颗粒的使用不断增加。未来的研究应侧重于提高这些纳米颗粒的生物相容性、选择性和环境兼容性，同时降低其毒性。纳米颗粒需要特定刺激（如细菌酶、pH变化或光、磁场等环境因素）激活才能发挥高效抗菌作用。大量研究证实，靶向特异性纳米颗粒可减轻有害影响。例如，硫化铜（CuS）纳米颗粒用于光动力治疗（PDT）和光热治疗（PTT），以改善伤口愈合，并表现出抗菌特性。同样，包含木质素基光活性纳米复合材料的纳米复合水凝胶在光照下可通过pH响应控释机制杀灭微生物细胞。或者，载有Fe3O4纳米颗粒的微气泡采用磁靶向方法。纳米颗粒与抗生素的整合代表了提升治疗效果的重大进步。研究表明，嵌入抗生素的金属纳米颗粒在对抗微生物耐药性方面具有潜在效力。未来的另一个重点是提高混合纳米抗生素系统对所有利益相关者的效能。研究发现，包裹在聚合物纳米颗粒中的抗生素由于缓释和有效穿透，表现出更好的生物利用度和更低的剂量需求。银纳米颗粒优良载体特性使其成为生物药物的合适递送机制。化学还原的银纳米颗粒与环丙沙星配对时抗菌活性增强，而与万古霉素联用时效果更佳。例如，纳米颗粒包裹在细胞膜中或与抗菌肽结合，可通过模拟天然防御机制提高靶向有效性。纳米颗粒独特的理化特性可以抑制或延迟药物在其封装内的降解。研究表明，基于壳聚糖的纳米结构（包含合成LL37抗菌肽）平均直径为127.12 nm，包封率约为78%。这种属性组合产生了强大的抗菌功效并增强了稳定性。 19.1 主要发现 19.1.1 AMR危机的紧迫性抗菌素耐药性是一项重大的全球健康风险，2019年直接导致近127万人死亡。新抗生素开发的缺失和细菌的基因适应性加剧了这场危机，使其能够对选择压力做出快速反应。 19.1.2 纳米颗粒的独特治疗优势纳米颗粒（NPs）可被视为纳米抗生素，能够规避外排泵和靶点修饰等经典细菌防御策略。这得益于其高比表面积体积比和多价性带来的高效力，使其能够与微生物系统发生极强的相互作用。 19.2 多方面的抗菌机制 19.2.1 物理破坏纳米颗粒表面的正电荷可与带负电的细菌表面发生静电相互作用，导致细胞壁出现凹坑、去极化和膜泄漏。 19.2.2 氧化应激银（Ag）、铜（Cu）和氧化锌（ZnO）等纳米颗粒会启动活性氧（ROS）的过量产生，导致脂质过氧化、蛋白质变性和DNA损伤。 19.2.3 胞内干扰小型纳米颗粒能够进入细菌细胞，阻断DNA复制、RNA结合和蛋白质翻译，最终导致细胞死亡。 19.2.4 与抗生素的协同增效在传统抗生素中添加纳米颗粒可显著增强治疗效果。该方法允许使用更低剂量的药物，减少宿主毒性，并避免抗生素被酶降解。例如，金纳米颗粒与氨苄西林联用可中和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）等耐药菌株表达的β-内酰胺酶。 19.3 材料特异性潜力银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）：因具有相对较低的毒性水平和强效杀菌作用而被研究最多，其作用通过释放Ag+离子和破坏膜实现。金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）：其效果具有形状依赖性，三角形比球形在抑制ATP合酶和代谢途径方面更有效。一氧化氮（NO）平台：一氧化氮释放纳米颗粒通过产生活性氮和活性氧来破坏微生物成分，显示出广谱活性。 19.3.1 临床与开发挑战尽管前景广阔，但其应用受到生产成本高、无法工业规模使用、长期细胞毒性和环境持久性等问题的限制。未来的发展应面向可生物降解物质、刺激响应型（如pH或光控释放）和强有力的监管。 20 结论抗菌素耐药性正成为现代医学日益严重的威胁，现在是时候停止开发新抗生素，转而采用更多维度的干预形式了。纳米医学一直处于这一变革的前沿，作为一个多功能设计的平台，所谓的纳米抗生素能够应对最具韧性的病原体。纳米颗粒靶向特定细菌系统的能力（包括物理破坏生物膜和干扰胞内信号传导）为传统药物提供了强有力的替代方案。银（Ag）和金（Au）纳米颗粒及金属氧化物的使用最为有效，因为其作用机制多样，包括产生活性氧（ROS）和穿透细胞壁。此外，这些纳米材料与现有抗生素的协同作用不仅恢复了传统药物的疗效，还减少了额外耐药性的选择压力，因为可以使用更低、更具靶向性的剂量。这种方法在保护免疫功能低下人群以及改善手术和化疗等强化医疗模式的结果方面具有巨大潜力。尽管如此，纳米技术的大规模临床应用仍面临重大挑战。工业可扩展性、过高的生产成本以及对长期细胞毒性和环境持久性的担忧，应通过严格的生物安全性测试和标准的监管策略来缓解。展望未来，纳米技术与人工智能、CRISPR基因编辑和精准医疗的融合将决定AMR管理的未来。全球社会可以通过鼓励多学科合作并确保对研究的持续投资，充分挖掘纳米医学的潜力，以应对耐多药（MDR）细菌的威胁，并确保子孙后代抗菌治疗的持续有效性。

2026-06-18

·动脉网

RedHill Biopharma宣布高达1940万美元的私募配售RedHill Biopharma Announces Up To $19.4 Million Private Placement

$6 million upfront with up to approximately $13.4 million of potential aggregate gross proceeds upon the exercise in full of warrants 600万美元预付款，在认股权证全部行使时，潜在总收益最高可达约1,340万美元TEL AVIV, Israel & RALEIGH, N.C. 以色列特拉维夫 & 北卡罗来纳州罗利, ，June 18, 2026 2026年6月18日/PRNewswire/ -- /美通社/ --RedHill Biopharma Ltd. 红山生物制药有限公司(Nasdaq: （纳斯达克：RDHL RDHL) ('RedHill' or the 'Company'), a specialty biopharmaceutical company, today announced that it has entered into a definitive agreement for the purchase and sale of an aggregate of 8,571,429 American Depositary Shares ('ADSs') (or ADS equivalents in lieu thereof), each ADS representing ten thousand (10,000) ordinary shares of the Company, series A-1 warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 8,571,429 ADSs and series A-2 warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 8,571,429 ADSs, at a combined purchase price of $0.70 per ADS (or ADS equivalent in lieu thereof) and accompanying warrants in a private placement. )（“RedHill”或“公司”），一家专业生物制药公司，今日宣布已签订一项最终协议，以每股美国存托股份（“ADS”）（或替代的ADS等价物）0.70美元的合并购买价格，通过私募方式买卖总计8,571,429股美国存托股份（“ADS”）（或替代的ADS等价物），每份ADS代表公司一万股（10,000股）普通股，以及最多可购买总计8,571,429股ADS的A-1系列认股权证和最多可购买总计8,571,429股ADS的A-2系列认股权证。The Series A-1 warrants have an exercise price of $0.86 per ADS, are exercisable immediately and have a term of five years following the Effectiveness Date (as defined below), and the Series A-2 warrants have an exercise price of $0.70 per ADS, are exercisable immediately and have a term of 18 months following the Effectiveness Date. A-1系列认股权证的行权价格为每美国存托股份0.86美元，可立即行权，期限为生效日（定义见下文）起五年；A-2系列认股权证的行权价格为每美国存托股份0.70美元，可立即行权，期限为生效日起18个月。The private placement is expected to close on June 22, 2026, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions.. 预计此次私募配售将于2026年6月22日完成，但须满足惯常的交割条件。H.C. Wainwright & Co. is acting as the exclusive placement agent for the offering. H.C. Wainwright & Co. 担任本次发行的独家配售代理。The gross proceeds to the Company from this offering are expected to be approximately $6 million, before deducting the placement agent's fees and other offering expenses payable by the Company. The potential additional gross proceeds to the Company from the series A-1 warrants and the series A-2 warrants, if fully exercised on a cash basis, will be approximately $13.4 million. 本公司从本次发行中获得的总收益预计约为600万美元，该金额未扣除配售代理费用及本公司应支付的其他发行费用。若A-1系列认股权证和A-2系列认股权证全部以现金方式行权，本公司可能获得的额外总收益将约为1,340万美元。No assurance can be given that any of the series warrants will be exercised, or that the Company will receive cash proceeds from the exercise of the series warrants.. 无法保证任何系列认股权证将被行权，也无法保证公司将从系列认股权证的行权中获得现金收益。The Company intends to use a portion of the net proceeds to support a potential strategic product acquisition and the balance for working capital, research and development and general corporate purposes. 本公司拟将部分净收益用于支持潜在的战略产品收购，其余部分用于营运资金、研发及一般公司用途。No definitive acquisition agreement has been executed, and any such transaction would remain subject to completion of definitive documentation, financing and other customary conditions. There can be no assurance that any such transaction will be completed. 尚未签署任何具有约束力的收购协议，且任何此类交易仍须以完成最终文件、融资及其他惯例条件为前提。无法保证任何此类交易将会完成。The securities described above were offered in a private placement under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 'Securities Act'), and/or Regulation D promulgated thereunder and, along with the ordinary shares of the Company represented by ADSs underlying the warrants, have not been registered under the Securities Act or applicable state securities laws. 上述证券已根据经修订的《1933年证券法》（以下简称“《证券法》”）第4(a)(2)条以及/或据此颁布的D条例，以私募方式发行；且该等证券，连同由认股权证所对应的美股存托凭证（ADSs）所代表的公司普通股，均未根据《证券法》或适用的州证券法律进行注册。Accordingly, the securities issued in the private placement and ordinary shares of the Company represented by ADSs underlying the warrants may not be offered or sold in the United States except pursuant to an effective registration statement or an applicable exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act and such applicable state securities laws. 因此，除非依据生效的注册声明或适用《证券法》及相关州证券法律中关于注册要求的豁免规定，否则不得在美国要约或出售私募发行的证券以及由认股权证所对应的美股存托凭证（ADS）所代表的公司普通股。Pursuant to a registration rights agreement with the investors, the Company has agreed to file a resale registration statement covering the securities described above (such date of effectiveness of the resale registration statement, the 'Effectiveness Date').. 根据与投资者签订的注册权协议，公司已同意提交一份涵盖上述证券的转售注册声明（该转售注册声明生效之日为“生效日”）。This press release shall not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy these securities, nor shall there be any sale of these securities in any state or other jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to the registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or other jurisdiction.. 本新闻稿不构成出售要约或购买要约的招揽，也不得在任何州或其他司法管辖区进行此类证券的销售，若在该等州或其他司法管辖区，在根据当地证券法完成注册或资格认定之前，此类要约、招揽或销售属违法。About RedHill Biopharma 关于红山生物制药RedHillBiopharma Ltd. (Nasdaq: RedHill Biopharma有限公司（纳斯达克：RDHL RDHL) is a specialty biopharmaceutical company primarily focused onU.S.development and commercialization of drugs for gastrointestinal diseases, infectious diseases and oncology.RedHillpromotes the FDA-approved gastrointestinal drug ）是一家专业生物制药公司，主要专注于胃肠道疾病、传染病和肿瘤药物的美国开发与商业化。RedHill 推广其获美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准的胃肠道药物Talicia 塔利西亚® ®, ，for the treatment of 用于治疗Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) 幽门螺杆菌（H. pylori）infection in adults 成人感染[1] [1], with a U.S. co-commercialization agreement with Cumberland Pharmaceuticals (Nasdaq: ，并与坎伯兰制药公司（纳斯达克股票代码：CPIX CPIX).RedHill'skey clinical late-stage development programs include: (i) ）。RedHill 的关键临床后期开发项目包括：(i)opaganib 奥帕加尼布(ABC294640), a first-in-class, orally administeredsphingosinekinase-2 (SPHK2) selective inhibitor with anti-inflammatory, antiviral, metabolic and anticancer activity, targeting multiple indications withU.S. government and academic collaborations intended for medical countermeasure development including for Ebola virus disease, radiation exposure indications such as GI-Acute Radiation Syndrome (GI-ARS), a Phase 2/3 program for hospitalized COVID-19, and an ongoing Phase 2 study in prostate cancer in combination with Bayer's darolutamide; (ii). (ABC294640) 是一款首创的口服选择性鞘氨醇激酶-2（SPHK2）抑制剂，具有抗炎、抗病毒、代谢调节和抗癌活性，针对多种适应症，并与美国政府及学术界合作开发医疗对策，包括用于埃博拉病毒病、辐射暴露相关适应症（如胃肠道急性辐射综合征 [GI-ARS]）、针对住院 COVID-19 患者的 2/3 期临床项目，以及正在进行的与拜耳公司达罗他胺联合治疗前列腺癌的 2 期研究；(ii) 。RHB-102 RHB-102(Bekinda®), with a planned Phase 2 proof-of-concept study for (Bekinda®)，并计划开展一项2期概念验证研究GLP-1 GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist-associated GI intolerance, positive results from a U.S. Phase 3 study for acute gastroenteritis and gastritis, positive results from a U.S. Phase 2 study forIBS-D and potential UK submission for chemotherapy and radiotherapy induced nausea and vomiting. RHB-102 is partnered with Hyloris Pharmaceuticals (EBR: HYL) for worldwide development and commercialization outside North America; (iii). /GIP受体激动剂相关的胃肠道不耐受，美国急性胃肠炎和胃炎III期临床试验取得阳性结果，美国IBS-D（腹泻型肠易激综合征）II期临床试验取得阳性结果，以及针对化疗和放疗引起的恶心和呕吐可能在英国提交上市申请。RHB-102已与Hyloris Pharmaceuticals（EBR: HYL）合作，负责北美以外地区的全球开发和商业化；(iii) 。RHB-204 RHB-204, a next-generation optimized formulation of RHB-104, with aplanned Phase 2 study for Crohn's disease (based on RHB-104's positive Phase 3 Crohn's disease study results); and (iv) ，RHB-104的下一代优化配方，计划开展针对克罗恩病的2期临床研究（基于RHB-104在克罗恩病3期临床研究中取得的阳性结果）；以及（iv）RHB-107 RHB-107(upamostat), an oral broad-acting, host-directed,serine protease inhibitor with potential for pandemic preparedness, including COVID-19 and also targeting multiple cancer and inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases. (upamostat)，一种口服、广谱、宿主导向的丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂，具备大流行病防范潜力，包括针对COVID-19，同时也靶向多种癌症和炎症性胃肠道疾病。More information about the Company is available at 有关本公司的更多信息，请访问www.redhillbio.com www.redhillbio.com/ /X.com/RedHillBio X.com/RedHillBio. 。Forward Looking Statements 前瞻性陈述This press release contains 'forward-looking statements' within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and may discuss investment opportunities, stock analysis, financial performance, investor relations, and market trends. Such statements may be preceded by the words 'intends,' 'may,' 'will,' 'plans,' 'expects,' 'anticipates,' 'projects,' 'predicts,' 'estimates,' 'aims,' 'believes,' 'hopes,' 'potential' or similar words and include, among others, the consummation of the offering and the satisfaction of customary closing conditions related to the offering, the use of proceeds therefrom, the potential exercise of the series warrants and potential proceeds therefrom, potential acquisition of strategic products, statements regarding the potential submission of Talicia® for UK Marketing Authorisation and any approval thereof and statements regarding the potential effects of Talicia® in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. 本新闻稿包含经1995年《私人证券诉讼改革法案》界定的“前瞻性陈述”，并可能涉及投资机会、股票分析、财务表现、投资者关系以及市场趋势。此类陈述之前可能出现“打算”、“可能”、“将”、“计划”、“预期”、“预计”、“规划”、“预测”、“估计”、“旨在”、“相信”、“希望”、“潜在”或类似词语，并包括但不限于：发行的完成及与发行相关的惯例交割条件的满足、所得款项的用途、系列权证的潜在行权及其潜在收益、战略性产品的潜在收购、关于Talicia®在英国上市许可申请的潜在提交及任何相关批准的陈述，以及关于Talicia®在治疗幽门螺杆菌感染方面潜在影响的陈述。Forward-looking statements are based on certain assumptions and are subject to various known and unknown risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the Company's control and cannot be predicted or quantified, and consequently, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. 前瞻性陈述基于某些假设，并受各种已知和未知的风险与不确定性的影响，其中许多超出本公司的控制范围且无法预测或量化，因此实际结果可能与这些前瞻性陈述所明示或暗示的结果存在重大差异。Such risks and uncertainties include, without limitation: market and other conditions, the risk that the MAA submission for Talicia may not be approved; the risk that the Company will not succeed in its enforcement action against Kukbo, and if successful may not recover all or any of awards granted by the New York Supreme Court; the risk that opaganib does not receive a priority review voucher, marketing exclusivity or accelerated development and review times; the risk that opaganib is. 此类风险和不确定性包括但不限于：市场及其他条件；Talicia的上市许可申请（MAA）可能无法获得批准的风险；公司针对Kukbo采取的强制执行行动可能无法成功，且即使成功也可能无法收回纽约最高法院授予的全部或部分裁决金额的风险；opaganib可能无法获得优先审评券、市场独占权或加速开发和审评时间的风险；opaganib是……的风险。GLP-1 胰高血糖素样肽-1/GIP-related nausea, vomiting and diarrhea; the risk regarding the Company's ability to regain and maintain compliance with Nasdaq's listing requirements, including the minimum bid price requirement; the risk that the addition of new revenue generating products or out-licensing transactions will not occur; the risk that the Company will not receive future milestone payments under its existing agreements or that they will be less than anticipated; the risk of current uncertainty regarding U.S. /与GIP相关的恶心、呕吐和腹泻；公司恢复并维持符合纳斯达克上市要求（包括最低出价要求）的能力相关风险；新增创收产品或对外许可交易未能实现的风险；公司无法根据现有协议收到未来里程碑付款，或收到的款项低于预期的风险；当前美国方面的不确定性风险government research and development funding and that the U.S. government is under no obligation to continue to support development of our products and can cease such support at any time; the risk that acceptance onto the RNCP Product Development Pipeline or other governmental and non-governmental development programs will not guarantee ongoing development or that any such development will not be completed or successful; the risk that the FDA does not agree with the Company's proposed development plans for its programs; the risk that the Company's development programs and studies may not be successful and, even if successful, such studies and results may not be sufficient for regulatory applications, including emergency use or marketing applications, and that additional studies may be required; the risk that the Company will not successfully commercialize its products; as well as risks and uncertainties associated with (i) the initiation, timing, progress and results of the Company's research, manufacturing, pre-clinical studies, clinical trials, and other therapeutic candidate development efforts, and the timing of the commercial launch of its commercial products and ones it may acquire or develop in the future; (ii) the Company's ability to advance its therapeutic candidates into . 政府研发资金，且美国政府没有义务继续支持我们产品的开发，并可以随时终止此类支持；进入RNCP产品开发管道或其他政府和非政府开发项目并不能保证持续开发，也不能保证任何此类开发能够完成或取得成功；FDA可能不同意公司为其项目提出的开发计划；公司的开发项目和研究可能不会成功，即使成功，这些研究和结果也可能不足以支持监管申请（包括紧急使用或上市申请），并且可能需要额外的研究；公司可能无法成功将其产品商业化；以及与以下方面相关的风险和不确定性：(i) 公司研究、生产、临床前研究、临床试验及其他治疗候选产品开发工作的启动、时机、进展和结果，以及其现有产品及未来可能收购或开发的产品的商业上市时机；(ii) 公司推进其治疗候选产品进入的能力。Category: Financials 类别：金融[1] [1]Talicia 塔利西亚® ®(omeprazole magnesium, amoxicillin and rifabutin) is indicated for the treatment of （奥美拉唑镁、阿莫西林和利福布汀）适用于治疗H. pylori 幽门螺杆菌infection in adults. For full prescribing information see: 成人感染。完整处方信息请参见：www.Talicia.com www.Talicia.com. 。Logo - 标志 -https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/1334141/5268648/RedHill_Biopharma_Logo.jpg https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/1334141/5268648/RedHill_Biopharma_Logo.jpgCompany contact: 公司联系人：Adi Frish 阿迪·弗里什Chief Corporate & Business Development Officer 首席企业与业务发展官RedHill Biopharma 红山生物制药[emailprotected] [emailprotected]SOURCE RedHill Biopharma Ltd. 来源：RedHill Biopharma Ltd.21 二十一% %more press release views with 更多新闻稿浏览量，借助Request a Demo 申请演示

2026-06-18

·PRNewswire

RedHill Biopharma Announces Up To $19.4 Million Private Placement

$6 million upfront with up to approximately $13.4 million of potential aggregate gross proceeds upon the exercise in full of warrants TEL AVIV, Israel & RALEIGH, N.C., June 18, 2026 /PRNewswire/ -- RedHill Biopharma Ltd. (Nasdaq: RDHL) ("RedHill" or the "Company"), a specialty biopharmaceutical company, today announced that it has entered into a definitive agreement for the purchase and sale of an aggregate of 8,571,429 American Depositary Shares ("ADSs") (or ADS equivalents in lieu thereof), each ADS representing ten thousand (10,000) ordinary shares of the Company, series A-1 warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 8,571,429 ADSs and series A-2 warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 8,571,429 ADSs, at a combined purchase price of $0.70 per ADS (or ADS equivalent in lieu thereof) and accompanying warrants in a private placement. The Series A-1 warrants have an exercise price of $0.86 per ADS, are exercisable immediately and have a term of five years following the Effectiveness Date (as defined below), and the Series A-2 warrants have an exercise price of $0.70 per ADS, are exercisable immediately and have a term of 18 months following the Effectiveness Date. The private placement is expected to close on June 22, 2026, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions. H.C. Wainwright & Co. is acting as the exclusive placement agent for the offering. The gross proceeds to the Company from this offering are expected to be approximately $6 million, before deducting the placement agent's fees and other offering expenses payable by the Company. The potential additional gross proceeds to the Company from the series A-1 warrants and the series A-2 warrants, if fully exercised on a cash basis, will be approximately $13.4 million. No assurance can be given that any of the series warrants will be exercised, or that the Company will receive cash proceeds from the exercise of the series warrants. The Company intends to use a portion of the net proceeds to support a potential strategic product acquisition and the balance for working capital, research and development and general corporate purposes. No definitive acquisition agreement has been executed, and any such transaction would remain subject to completion of definitive documentation, financing and other customary conditions. There can be no assurance that any such transaction will be completed. The securities described above were offered in a private placement under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and/or Regulation D promulgated thereunder and, along with the ordinary shares of the Company represented by ADSs underlying the warrants, have not been registered under the Securities Act or applicable state securities laws. Accordingly, the securities issued in the private placement and ordinary shares of the Company represented by ADSs underlying the warrants may not be offered or sold in the United States except pursuant to an effective registration statement or an applicable exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act and such applicable state securities laws. Pursuant to a registration rights agreement with the investors, the Company has agreed to file a resale registration statement covering the securities described above (such date of effectiveness of the resale registration statement, the "Effectiveness Date"). This press release shall not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy these securities, nor shall there be any sale of these securities in any state or other jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to the registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or other jurisdiction. About RedHill Biopharma RedHill Biopharma Ltd. (Nasdaq: RDHL) is a specialty biopharmaceutical company primarily focused on U.S. development and commercialization of drugs for gastrointestinal diseases, infectious diseases and oncology. RedHill promotes the FDA-approved gastrointestinal drug Talicia ®, for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in adults[1], with a U.S. co-commercialization agreement with Cumberland Pharmaceuticals (Nasdaq: CPIX). RedHill's key clinical late-stage development programs include: (i) opaganib (ABC294640), a first-in-class, orally administered sphingosine kinase-2 (SPHK2) selective inhibitor with anti-inflammatory, antiviral, metabolic and anticancer activity, targeting multiple indications with U.S. government and academic collaborations intended for medical countermeasure development including for Ebola virus disease, radiation exposure indications such as GI-Acute Radiation Syndrome (GI-ARS), a Phase 2/3 program for hospitalized COVID-19, and an ongoing Phase 2 study in prostate cancer in combination with Bayer's darolutamide; (ii) RHB-102 (Bekinda®), with a planned Phase 2 proof-of-concept study for GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist-associated GI intolerance, positive results from a U.S. Phase 3 study for acute gastroenteritis and gastritis, positive results from a U.S. Phase 2 study for IBS-D and potential UK submission for chemotherapy and radiotherapy induced nausea and vomiting. RHB-102 is partnered with Hyloris Pharmaceuticals (EBR: HYL) for worldwide development and commercialization outside North America; (iii) RHB-204, a next-generation optimized formulation of RHB-104, with a planned Phase 2 study for Crohn's disease (based on RHB-104's positive Phase 3 Crohn's disease study results); and (iv) RHB-107 (upamostat), an oral broad-acting, host-directed, serine protease inhibitor with potential for pandemic preparedness, including COVID-19 and also targeting multiple cancer and inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases. More information about the Company is available at / X.com/RedHillBio. Forward Looking Statements This press release contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and may discuss investment opportunities, stock analysis, financial performance, investor relations, and market trends. Such statements may be preceded by the words "intends," "may," "will," "plans," "expects," "anticipates," "projects," "predicts," "estimates," "aims," "believes," "hopes," "potential" or similar words and include, among others, the consummation of the offering and the satisfaction of customary closing conditions related to the offering, the use of proceeds therefrom, the potential exercise of the series warrants and potential proceeds therefrom, potential acquisition of strategic products, statements regarding the potential submission of Talicia® for UK Marketing Authorisation and any approval thereof and statements regarding the potential effects of Talicia® in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Forward-looking statements are based on certain assumptions and are subject to various known and unknown risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the Company's control and cannot be predicted or quantified, and consequently, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, without limitation: market and other conditions, the risk that the MAA submission for Talicia may not be approved; the risk that the Company will not succeed in its enforcement action against Kukbo, and if successful may not recover all or any of awards granted by the New York Supreme Court; the risk that opaganib does not receive a priority review voucher, marketing exclusivity or accelerated development and review times; the risk that opaganib is not accepted into Ebola virus disease control programs, or if accepted, that it does not demonstrate efficacy; the risk that development of RHB-204 for Crohn's disease may not be completed, or if completed may not be approved or may not achieve commercial success; the risk that opaganib is not effective against the indications for which we develop our products; the risk that RHB-102 (Bekinda) does not effectively reduce GLP-1/GIP-related nausea, vomiting and diarrhea; the risk regarding the Company's ability to regain and maintain compliance with Nasdaq's listing requirements, including the minimum bid price requirement; the risk that the addition of new revenue generating products or out-licensing transactions will not occur; the risk that the Company will not receive future milestone payments under its existing agreements or that they will be less than anticipated; the risk of current uncertainty regarding U.S. government research and development funding and that the U.S. government is under no obligation to continue to support development of our products and can cease such support at any time; the risk that acceptance onto the RNCP Product Development Pipeline or other governmental and non-governmental development programs will not guarantee ongoing development or that any such development will not be completed or successful; the risk that the FDA does not agree with the Company's proposed development plans for its programs; the risk that the Company's development programs and studies may not be successful and, even if successful, such studies and results may not be sufficient for regulatory applications, including emergency use or marketing applications, and that additional studies may be required; the risk that the Company will not successfully commercialize its products; as well as risks and uncertainties associated with (i) the initiation, timing, progress and results of the Company's research, manufacturing, pre-clinical studies, clinical trials, and other therapeutic candidate development efforts, and the timing of the commercial launch of its commercial products and ones it may acquire or develop in the future; (ii) the Company's ability to advance its therapeutic candidates into clinical trials or to successfully complete its pre-clinical studies or clinical trials or the development of any necessary commercial companion diagnostics; (iii) the extent and number and type of additional studies that the Company may be required to conduct and the Company's receipt of regulatory approvals for its therapeutic candidates, and the timing of other regulatory filings, approvals and feedback; (iv) the manufacturing, clinical development, commercialization, and market acceptance of the Company's therapeutic candidates and Talicia; (v) the Company's ability to successfully commercialize and promote Talicia; (vi) the Company's ability to establish and maintain corporate collaborations; (vii) the Company's ability to acquire products approved for marketing in the U.S. that achieve commercial success and build its own marketing and commercialization capabilities; (viii) the interpretation of the properties and characteristics of the Company's therapeutic candidates and the results obtained with its therapeutic candidates in research, pre-clinical studies or clinical trials; (ix) the implementation of the Company's business model, strategic plans for its business and therapeutic candidates; (x) the scope of protection the Company is able to establish and maintain for intellectual property rights covering its therapeutic candidates and its ability to operate its business without infringing the intellectual property rights of others; (xi) parties from whom the Company licenses its intellectual property defaulting in their obligations to the Company; (xii) the Company's ability to collect on its judgment against Kukbo; (xiii) estimates of the Company's expenses, future revenues, capital requirements and needs for additional financing; (xiv) the effect of patients suffering adverse experiences using investigative drugs under the Company's Expanded Access Program; (xv) competition from other companies and technologies within the Company's industry; and (xvi) the hiring and employment commencement date of executive managers. More detailed information about the Company and the risk factors that may affect the realization of forward-looking statements is set forth in the Company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), including the Company's Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the SEC on April 27, 2026. All forward-looking statements included in this press release are made only as of the date of this press release. The Company assumes no obligation to update any written or oral forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise unless required by law. Category: Financials [1]Talicia® (omeprazole magnesium, amoxicillin and rifabutin) is indicated for the treatment of H. pylori infection in adults. For full prescribing information see: . Logo - Company contact: Adi Frish Chief Corporate & Business Development Officer RedHill Biopharma [email protected] SOURCE RedHill Biopharma Ltd. 21% more press release views with Request a Demo

临床结果临床2期

100 项与阿莫西林相关的药物交易

登录后查看更多信息

外链

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D00229	阿莫西林	J01CA04	DB01060

研发状态

批准上市

10 条最早获批的记录,

后查看更多信息

适应症	国家/地区	公司	日期
细菌性心内膜炎	澳大利亚	Sandoz Pty Ltd.	2008-05-22
泌尿系统感染	澳大利亚	Sandoz Pty Ltd.	2008-05-22
淋病	澳大利亚	Sandoz Pty Ltd.	2008-05-22
呼吸道感染	澳大利亚	Sandoz Pty Ltd.	2008-05-22
皮肤和皮肤结构感染	澳大利亚	Sandoz Pty Ltd.	2008-05-22
咽炎	美国	Pragma Pharmaceuticals LLC	2008-01-23
细菌感染	美国	USAntibiotics	1980-10-21
感染	日本	LTL Pharma Co., Ltd.	1974-09-06
感染	日本	山德士有限公司	1974-09-06
扁桃体炎	美国	GSK Plc	1974-01-18

未上市

10 条进展最快的记录,

后查看更多信息

适应症	最高研发状态	国家/地区	公司	日期
肺结核	临床2期	南非	GSK Plc	2014-09-01

登录后查看更多信息

临床结果

适应症

分期

评价

查看全部结果

研究	分期	人群特征	评价人数	分组	结果	评价	发布日期


NCT05345457 (CTgov)	临床4期	未足月胎膜早破 \| 早产	1	Amoxicillin Pill+Azithromycin Pill (Antibiotics)	鬱觸繭窪衊憲鹹糧齋遞(顧製餘範膚觸齋蓋範鑰) = 遞選襯構艱顧艱蓋構繭顧顧製鑰衊齋艱淵簾鹹 (餘簾廠鏇鏇鬱鏇餘鹽衊, 製遞獵壓鹹膚襯淵壓壓 ~ 繭願觸廠壓範範繭獵積) 更多	-	2026-06-18
				antibiotics (No Antibiotics)	鬱觸繭窪衊憲鹹糧齋遞(顧製餘範膚觸齋蓋範鑰) = 齋衊鏇蓋廠簾膚構淵遞顧顧製鑰衊齋艱淵簾鹹 (餘簾廠鏇鏇鬱鏇餘鹽衊, 膚餘蓋壓艱製範糧襯願 ~ 蓋顧餘顧鬱襯壓範築築) 更多
NCT05156437 (OPTIMAL, CTgov)	临床4期	心内膜炎	5	Cefalexin+Levofloxacin+Amoxycillin+Oxacillin+Ceftriaxone+Dicloxacillin+Rifampicin+Ampicillin+Linezolid+Daptomycin+Vancomycin (Group I (Experimental))	糧夢膚餘願醖製蓋遞築(壓壓夢鏇淵網築襯範顧) = 醖憲鹽網鏇糧蓋鏇顧餘觸艱夢鹽製鬱齋選積鬱 (簾壓衊製齋鹽醖網醖齋, 構廠艱鑰醖顧窪廠餘積 ~ 糧窪簾壓築遞顧繭遞網) 更多	-	2026-05-05
				Oxacillin+Ceftriaxone+Ampicillin+Daptomycin+Vancomycin (Group II (Control Group))	糧夢膚餘願醖製蓋遞築(壓壓夢鏇淵網築襯範顧) = 餘夢鹹鏇餘選製選襯製觸艱夢鹽製鬱齋選積鬱 (簾壓衊製齋鹽醖網醖齋, 築夢膚鏇衊餘構範簾選 ~ 鹽簾簾醖糧壓襯獵壓遞) 更多
NCT05834036 (CTgov)	临床4期	小肠结肠炎	10	Amoxicillin Oral Capsule	齋鹹膚鬱蓋範憲膚積廠(糧選窪簾繭範糧願遞獵) = 顧淵憲遞鏇壓遞鹽艱構選憲繭廠憲壓繭範壓簾 (窪襯積鏇遞範鹹憲夢構, 0) 更多	-	2026-03-12
AAAAI2026	N/A	青霉素过敏	96	Oral amoxicillin challenges	獵鏇夢糧鑰壓鏇糧艱夢(憲鏇膚夢鬱齋鹹鹽餘鑰) = 積築衊糧壓選蓋範遞廠憲鹽網醖鑰襯夢積選製 (範製齋艱願窪顧製餘觸 ) 更多	积极	2026-02-27
AAAAI2026	N/A	青霉素过敏	112	Penicillin (Penicillin Allergy Evaluation)	壓糧艱襯衊願膚製鬱積(繭構願繭艱簾餘遞簾餘) = 製製簾獵網壓觸鏇獵鑰願蓋艱膚繭膚鹹積遞鹹 (淵築鑰積簾築簾顧繭夢 )	积极	2026-02-27
NCT05664685 (Pubmed \| Lancet Reg Health Am)	临床4期	幽门螺杆菌感染一线	127	Esomeprazole + Amoxicillin + Metronidazole + Bismuth subsalicylate	齋醖襯遞醖繭遞餘製淵(襯獵餘築鹽構積夢築餘) = 選網窪鏇構憲壓範齋鹹鬱鹹選襯壓鬱築製蓋壓 (衊鹹簾鏇築夢遞鑰網選, 86 ~ 99) 更多	积极	2026-01-01
				Omeprazole + Amoxicillin + Clarithromycin	齋醖襯遞醖繭遞餘製淵(襯獵餘築鹽構積夢築餘) = 蓋鏇齋網遞壓範淵壓願鬱鹹選襯壓鬱築製蓋壓 (衊鹹簾鏇築夢遞鑰網選, 70 ~ 89) 更多
NCT05828758 (AmoxENI study, Pubmed \| J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr)	临床2/3期	-	90	Amoxicillin	淵膚積蓋鑰膚廠憲艱衊(糧憲鏇窪衊淵築簾積憲) = 選築衊襯膚廠鏇蓋築構廠築網鏇遞膚築築鏇製 (憲製鏇遞構獵鹹艱築壓 ) 更多	积极	2025-09-01
				Placebo	淵膚積蓋鑰膚廠憲艱衊(糧憲鏇窪衊淵築簾積憲) = 糧築衊廠觸獵構壓範艱廠築網鏇遞膚築築鏇製 (憲製鏇遞構獵鹹艱築壓 ) 更多
NCT05977868 (COPAT, CTgov)	临床4期	骨和关节感染 \| 泌尿系统感染 \| 消化系统感染 ... 更多	94	cefalexin+levofloxacin+Amoxicillin+doxycycline+delafloxacin+linezolid+amoxicillin-clavulanate+ciprofloxacin+cefpodoxime+cefadroxil (Group 1 (Experimental))	構簾餘夢夢齋鏇鹽餘獵 = 範餘製夢選構齋淵衊壓鬱餘顧艱淵夢膚齋鬱範 (憲廠鹹醖鑰憲艱餘廠獵, 餘壓願繭衊範鑰鹽範廠 ~ 範齋憲淵憲構鏇願顧繭) 更多	-	2025-08-26
				cefazolin+ceftazidime-avibactam+dalbavancin+ampicillin-sulbactam+ceftaroline+ceftazidime+Ampicillin+cefepime+daptomycin+ertapenem (Group 2 (Control))	構簾餘夢夢齋鏇鹽餘獵 = 鬱願襯壓壓築範廠夢獵鬱餘顧艱淵夢膚齋鬱範 (憲廠鹹醖鑰憲艱餘廠獵, 觸築顧憲鹽鏇糧壓廠淵 ~ 廠淵糧鬱選膚齋選餘膚) 更多
NCT06168084 (not provided, Pubmed \| United European Gastroenterol J)	临床4期	幽门螺杆菌感染	688	Vonoprazan and High-Dose Amoxicillin (VHA) dual therapy	構顧顧簾觸鏇顧製餘構(淵鹽廠顧蓋築構遞鑰窪) = The overall AE incidence in the VHA group was significantly lower compared with that in the TFEB group (13.4% vs.. 28.5%, p < 0.001) 艱鹹鹹艱廠製積艱鏇蓋 (範糧範蓋築構選遞蓋願 )	积极	2025-06-21
				Tetracycline- and Furazolidone-based Bismuth-Containing Quadruple Therapy (TFEB)
NCT05649540 (Pubmed \| Helicobacter)	临床4期	幽门螺杆菌感染	900	High-dose amoxicillin (HVA)	衊鑰鏇鹹觸顧鏇衊憲餘(襯鏇廠淵積網鏇構憲膚) = 願襯齋窪憲鬱淵積壓範齋糧憲鏇簾膚獵襯齋壓 (獵鏇網鏇築網鹽糧顧襯 )	积极	2025-05-01
				Medium-dose amoxicillin (MVA)	衊鑰鏇鹹觸顧鏇衊憲餘(襯鏇廠淵積網鏇構憲膚) = 艱憲蓋範鬱淵襯繭觸製齋糧憲鏇簾膚獵襯齋壓 (獵鏇網鏇築網鹽糧顧襯 )